Renewal of the funding for the existing Federal framework for the legalization and regulation of cannabis in Canada (Horizontal initiative)

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General information

Lead department

Health Canada

Federal partner organizations

Note: Other government departments (e.g., the Department of Justice) are supporting the federal cannabis framework. However, they are not captured in this Horizontal initiative table, as they have not received targeted funding to support this initiative.

Start date of Horizontal initiative

April 1, 2017

End date of Horizontal initiative

March 31, 2025

Description of the Horizontal initiative

This Horizontal initiative is designed to implement and administer the federal framework to legalize and strictly regulate cannabis. The Cannabis Act received Royal Assent on June 21, 2018, and came into force on October 17, 2018. This initiative aims to achieve the Government of Canada's objectives of reducing the public health harms associated with cannabis use, particularly among youth and displacing the illegal cannabis market with a strictly regulated legal industry.

Federal partner organizations implement the regulatory framework including licensing; regulatory compliance and enforcement; engagement with partners on public health and public safety; law enforcement; preventing and interdicting the cross-border movement of cannabis; research and surveillance; and public education activities.

Activities are organized by five high-level themes:

  1. Implement and enforce the legislative framework;
  2. Provide Canadians with information needed to make informed decisions and minimize health and safety harms;
  3. Enhance data, knowledge and tools on illegal cannabis and public safety by working with key partners and stakeholders;
  4. Provide intelligence, undertake enforcement activities, and support security screenings; and
  5. Prevent and interdict prohibited cross-border movement of cannabis while maintaining the flow of legitimate travellers and goods.

Governance structure

The Government of Canada continues to support a robust governance structure to facilitate a whole-of-government coordination in implementing and administering the federal framework to legalize and strictly regulate cannabis. An Assistant Deputy Minister in each partner department is responsible for delivering on planned activities and is accountable for reporting on cannabis results to Health Canada as the lead department for this Horizontal initiative. As part of the governance structure, horizontal committees have been established to ensure collaboration and information exchange.

At the federal level, this governance structure includes an Assistant Deputy Minister Cannabis Committee (ADM CC) that serves as a forum for government-wide coordination of policy and activities. It is the main federal government forum to report on progress in the delivery of the program, surface emerging issues or risks and coordinate activities and relay information to responsible Deputy Heads, as appropriate. The ADM CC meetings are held every two months and are chaired by the Assistant Deputy Minister of the Controlled Substances and Cannabis Branch (CSCB), Health Canada. Member departments include Health Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Public Safety Canada, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Canada Border Services Agency, Privy Council Office, Treasury Board Secretariat, Finance Canada, Justice Canada, Global Affairs Canada, Canada Revenue Agency, Indigenous Services Canada, Statistics Canada, Transport Canada, and the Department of National Defence.

The ADM CC is supported by a Directors General-level Committee that meets bi-weekly, as needed, to exchange information necessary to enable timely monitoring and reporting on implementation and risks.

The Government is committed to ongoing collaboration and consultation with provincial and territorial partners. The Federal/Provincial/Territorial (F/P/T) Senior Officials Working Group on Cannabis Legalization and Regulation enables governments to exchange information on important issues about the legalization and regulation of cannabis. Meetings occur every two months and are chaired by Health Canada. Main membership includes representatives from both the policy and health fields at the provincial/territorial-level. Federal departments represented are Health Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Public Safety Canada, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Canada Border Services Agency, Finance Canada and Justice Canada.

Health Canada assumes the chair and secretariat functions for these committees and working groups and has the central coordinating role in tracking key milestones and in reporting to federal Ministers.

Total federal funding allocated from start to end date (dollars)

$1,047,187,948

Total federal planned spending to date (dollars)Footnote 1

$880,907,917

Total federal actual spending to date (dollars)Footnote 2

$806,786,795

Date of last renewal of initiative

2022-23

Total federal funding allocated at the last renewal and source of funding (dollars)

$500,380,492

Additional federal funding received after last renewal (dollars)

Not applicable

Total planned spending since the last renewalFootnote 3

$334,100,461

Total actual spending since the last renewalFootnote 4

$298,232,701

Fiscal year of planned completion of next evaluation

2027-28

Performance highlights

The federal government continued to implement the cannabis legislative and regulatory framework in collaboration with provinces, territories, (P/Ts), Indigenous governments and communities, municipalities, the regulated industry, public health organizations, non-governmental organizations, academics, federal partners, international partners, and law enforcement.

In 2023-24, the federal government continued to oversee the regulation of licence holders who cultivate and process cannabis as well as standards for products, packaging and labeling, and prohibitions on promotion, which is designed to protect the health and safety of Canadians. Provinces and territories were responsible for determining how cannabis is distributed and sold in their jurisdictions.

Participating federal departments and agencies have identified the following key highlights from 2023-24:

Health Canada (HC)

In 2023-24, HC completed and presented its Legislative Review of the Cannabis Act: Final Report of the Expert Panel, as required by Parliament three years after the Cannabis Act came into force. To gather detailed input from experts and individuals with relevant experiences, HC implemented a comprehensive engagement strategy. Between December 2022 and January 2024, HC engaged with over 600 individuals from more than 250 organizations in nearly 140 meetings, using a distinctions-based approach for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis.

The final report includes 54 recommendations to update policies and regulations and introduce new initiatives focused on prevention and enhanced consumer information. It also suggests increased support for research, surveillance, and enforcement. These recommendations will be reviewed and acted upon to improve the administration and operation of the Act.

The report highlights significant progress in several key areas of the legislation, including:

HC also completed a consultation on potential amendments to the Cannabis Regulations. Input was sought from various groups across Canada during a 60-day public comment period. The five priority areas targeted for amendments are licensing, personnel and physical security measures, production requirements, packaging and labeling requirements, and record keeping and reporting. The proposed amendments aim to reduce regulatory and administrative burdens for stakeholders and regulated parties, and support diversity and competition in the legal cannabis market while maintaining public health and safety objectives. Several of the proposed regulatory amendments align with the findings and recommendations in the final report on the Legislative Review of the Act.

HC developed and launched a series of public education and awareness activities aimed at youth, young adults, and parents/guardians. These initiatives included programs, national campaigns, and social media messaging, reaching over 450 classrooms across Canada. Our goal was to support Canadians in making informed decisions about cannabis through key initiatives such as:

HC also launched the new cannabis and mental health campaign to educate young adults on the risks associated with cannabis use on their mental health, and to provide lower risk use tips to enable them to make informed decisions about their health. As part of the campaign, the cannabis and mental health webpage was updated to provide information on how cannabis use can impact mental health and brain function, particularly when it comes to daily or near daily use. In March 2024, HC worked with four social media influencers to reach young adults to raise awareness about the impact of cannabis use on mental health and brain function, complemented by a search engine marketing advertising campaign to generate visits to the cannabis and mental health webpage.

Outreach efforts also targeted parents and guardians of young children to raise awareness about accidental poisonings from edible cannabis products. This campaign included distributing a brochure on how to help prevent cannabis poisoning in children to childcare centers, daycares, tourist and recreational locations throughout Ottawa and the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), as well as Montessori schools and YMCA locations across most of Canada. The Department also distributed the brochure and newly developed poster to approximately 12,000 healthcare professionals across Canada.

HC continued to closely monitor the public health and safety impacts of the Cannabis Act and collected and analyzed scientific evidence and data on cannabis, conducted research and surveillance, and publicly reported on adverse reactions and potential health risks. In 2023-24, Health Canada:

The Department's compliance efforts included promoting, monitoring, verifying, and enforcing legislative and regulatory requirements. Specifically in 2023-24, the Department undertook over 1,759 compliance promotion activities (e.g., emails, calls, letters), reviewed a total of 22,820 notices of new cannabis products and undertook compliance promotion action for 5.6% of these due to potential non-compliance with the Cannabis Act and its Regulations. HC also investigated over 1,036 cannabis complaints and made 262 referrals to law enforcement for possible enforcement action.

HC continued to issue licences and permits under the Cannabis Act, including for cannabis, industrial hemp, research, analytical testing and for drugs containing cannabis. Last year, the Department inspected 420 cannabis licence holders and resulted in an industry compliance rate of 95%.

HC also released updated web pages on physical security measures for all cannabis licenses, including new information on micro-class licenses. These updates help clarify the physical security requirements and provide principles and practices for compliance.

To strengthen the integrity of the medical access framework, the Department addressed potential public health and safety risks posed by individuals who may misuse the personal production of cannabis for medical purposes. During the registration process, the Department sought additional evidence from healthcare practitioners to substantiate or support authorizations for high daily amounts of cannabis and communicated concerning trends to the appropriate healthcare practitioners. The Department used their authority to refuse or revoke registrations that represented a risk to public health and safety, especially where there was information that the cannabis was being diverted to an illicit market or activity.

HC actively supported law enforcement by providing a dedicated 24-7 service to confirm whether specific individuals were authorized to possess or produce cannabis for medical purposes. Where appropriate, HC provided information to law enforcement and other authorities, such as provincial regulatory medical colleges, to assist with active investigations.

To promote a diverse and competitive cannabis industry, the Department reduced barriers, improved guidance, and enhanced outreach. HC dedicated program resources to proactively communicate with Indigenous and racialized communities, held learning sessions for underrepresented groups, and sought feedback from surveys to identify and implement changes to increase industry diversity.

HC also continued to engage regularly and frequently with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis leaders, organizations, and communities to support a distinctions-based engagement approach. This approach aims to advance a renewed relationship with Indigenous Peoples and respond to specific interests and priority areas raised by Indigenous leadership. The Department's support for Indigenous-affiliated applicants and license holders resulted in an increase in Indigenous-affiliated applications, licenses, and license amendments.

Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA)

In 2023-24, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) continued to advance initiatives aimed at identifying and intercepting high-risk individuals, goods, and conveyances that pose a threat to the security of Canadians, particularly concerning the illegitimate cross-border movement of cannabis. The unauthorized movement of cannabis across Canada's borders remains a serious criminal offence under the Cannabis Act, and the CBSA remains committed to detecting and combating this illicit activity in accordance with its program legislation.

To ensure the effectiveness of these efforts, the CBSA reviewed and updated its policies related to the identification and interception of illegitimate cross-border movements of cannabis. With the increase in traveller and commercial shipment volumes, cannabis detections at the border have become more frequent. In 2023-24, there was a notable 14% increase in absolute interdictions, rising from 22,648 in 2022-23 to 25,888. Additionally, the quantity of cannabis interdicted increased by 42%, from 17,091 kg in 2022-23 to 24,330 kg. The CBSA also administered 702 monetary penalties to travellers entering Canada with undeclared cannabis, a 27% increase from the previous year.

The CBSA conducted laboratory-based analysis and testing of seized products suspected of containing cannabis. In 2023-24, 52.8% of cannabis samples were analyzed within 60 days, falling short of the 90% target. This shortfall was attributed to critical instruments being out of service for several months, reducing the capacity to analyze more complex cannabis samples, such as edibles.

To support transparency and accountability, the CBSA ensured that travellers and the business community had access to recourse mechanisms to challenge certain CBSA actions and decisions in a timely manner. In 2023-24, the CBSA acknowledged 100% of appeals received within 10 calendar days and decided 72% of the Enforcement and Trusted Traveller appeals within 180 days, exceeding the agency's service standards.

Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)

In 2023-24, the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) continued to support Canada's Chief Public Health Officer by raising awareness about the public health impacts of substance use. We brought together various stakeholders to collaborate on preventing substance-related harms.

Their efforts focused on supporting Canadians, especially priority populations, in making informed decisions about cannabis and other substances. The Agency co-developed and disseminated evidence-based public education resources to ensure that individuals had access to accurate and helpful information.

Additionally, PHAC supported schools and communities in implementing best practices for preventing substance-related harms among youth. By providing guidance and resources, the Agency aimed to create safer environments and promote healthier choices for young people across the country. Specifically, PHAC:

Public Safety Canada (PS)

In 2023-24, Public Safety (PS) continued to collaborate with key Federal, Provincial, and Territorial (F/P/T) stakeholders and law enforcement to combat the illicit cannabis market in Canada. By coordinating information sharing on enforcement approaches and disseminating resources among members of the Online Illicit Cannabis Sales Working Group, PS aimed to displace illegal cannabis activities.

PS worked with experts from academia, F/P/T governments, and law enforcement to develop a standardized approach for estimating the size, scope, and characteristics of illicit cannabis markets. This included establishing key indicators and operational protocols for data collection. As part of this effort, PS partnered with the University of Waterloo to better estimate the size of the Canadian cannabis market, including the relative proportions of expenditures from legal and illegal sources. Additionally, PS collaborated with the University of Montreal to monitor online illicit cannabis sales.

PS's awareness campaigns continued to educate Canadians about the health, safety, financial risks, and potential legal consequences of illegal cannabis use. In Summer 2023, PS published a shorter version of an animated video on buying legal cannabis, which was used as part of a social media campaign to support informed and lawful decisions around cannabis.

PS also conducted Public Opinion Research on Motivations of Cannabis Users Who Obtain Cannabis from Sources Other Than Legal/Licensed Sources. The insights gained from this research will inform future policy directions, awareness efforts, and communications activities at both the federal level and in support of the provinces and territories.

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)

In 2023-24, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) worked closely with internal and external partners to gain a better understanding of the current illicit cannabis market. Presentations were given to Senior Executives of the RCMP as well as to other government departments which have highlighted the impact of the illicit Canadian cannabis market both domestically and internally.

RCMP prepared drug assessment reports in reference to and/or assessment of organized crime involvement in the illicit cannabis market (and other illicit drug markets). The RCMP's Criminal Intelligence Service Canada (CISC) also completed two assessments directly related to cannabis, as well as four other reports that touched on cannabis-related trends and activities.

RCMP also responded to 263 inquiries via the RCMP's Centre for Youth Crime Prevention, significantly exceeding its target of 150.

Contact information

Health Canada
John Clare
Director General
Controlled Substances and Cannabis Branch
John.Clare@hc-sc.gc.ca
613-858-8429

Horizontal initiative framework

Horizontal initiative: Renewal of the funding for the existing Federal Framework for the Legalization and Regulation of Cannabis in Canada

Shared Outcomes (SO):

Horizontal initiative framework departmental funding by theme (dollars)
Name of theme Theme Area 1:
Implement and enforce the legislative framework
Theme Area 2:
Provide Canadians with information needed to make informed decisions and minimize health and safety harms
Theme Area 3:
Enhance data, knowledge and tools on illegal cannabis and public safety by working with key partners and stakeholders
Theme Area 4:
Provide intelligence, undertake enforcement activities, and support security screenings
Theme Area 5:
Prevent and interdict prohibited cross-border movement of cannabis while maintaining the flow of legitimate travellers and goods
Internal Services
Theme outcomes
  • The cannabis industry is federally regulated and licensed [HC];
  • The cannabis industry is informed of the regulatory requirements for cannabis [HC];
  • The cannabis industry is compliant with cannabis-related laws and regulations [HC];
  • Canadians authorized to use cannabis for medical purposes have reasonable access to legal cannabis [HC];
  • Health Canada has the capacity to identify potential health and safety risks with cannabis products [HC].
  • Canadian youth understand the potential health and safety risks associated with cannabis use [HC];
  • Canadians have access to enough trustworthy information on cannabis use (including health effects) [HC];
  • Canadians have access to public health knowledge products on cannabis and polysubstance use [PHAC];
  • Stakeholders work with the Public Health Agency of Canada to co-develop knowledge products related to the public health impacts of cannabis and polysubstance use [PHAC];
  • Canadians have access to information on illicit cannabis [PS].
  • Governments, law enforcement agencies and private sector stakeholders are aware of policies and practices to reduce illegal cannabis use and availability [PS];
  • Policy and practice is informed by evidence [PS].
  • Law Enforcement Records Checks (LERCs) are conducted in support of HC's security clearance decisions [RCMP];
  • Canadian law enforcement agencies have access to cannabis-related actionable intelligence products [RCMP];
  • Canadian law enforcement agencies are aware of organized crime and the illicit cannabis market [RCMP];
  • Canadian law enforcement agencies' information and actionable intelligence are used to inform decision-making [RCMP];
  • Canadian law enforcement agencies act against organized crime and the illicit cannabis market [RCMP];
  • RCMP prevention and engagement activities support enhanced understanding among targeted partners and stakeholders, including youth and Indigenous communities [RCMP];
  • Increased cannabis-specific engagements with Indigenous communities [RCMP];
  • Enhanced capacity of target populations, including partners and stakeholders, youth and Indigenous communities, to respond to the cannabis regime [RCMP].
  • Enhanced capacity to promote compliance and to enforce import and export-related laws [CBSA];
  • Prohibited cross-border movement of cannabis detected [CBSA];
  • Travellers and the business community have access to timely redress mechanisms [CBSA];
  • Capacity to address critical data, research and surveillance gaps that present a barrier to the effective implementation and monitoring of Canada's cannabis framework pre, and at the border [CBSA].
Not applicable
Health Canada $382,424,274 $18,492,009 Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable $35,688,549
Canada Border Services Agency Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable $28,951,613 $448,387
Public Health Agency of Canada Not applicable $2,339,274Footnote * Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable $342,208Footnote *
Public Safety Canada Not applicable $100,000 $2,690,792 Not applicable Not applicable $509,208
Royal Canadian Mounted Police Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable $24,519,000 Not applicable $3,875,178
Footnote *

Variance in Total Federal Funding to 2023-24 Departmental Plan due to the allocation of the Employee Benefit Program (EBP) to the Theme which should have been Internal Services. Correction reflected in 2023-24 DRR.

Return to Footnote * referrer

Performance information

Horizontal initiative overview
Name of horizontal initiative Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote * (dollars) 2023–24 Federal funding allocated (dollars) 2023–24 Actual Spending (dollars) Horizontal initiative shared outcome Performance indicator(s) Target(s) Date to achieve target 2023–24 Actual results
Renewal of the funding for the existing Federal Framework for the Legalization and Regulation of Cannabis in Canada $500,380,492
  • HC:
    $147,738,421
  • CBSA:
    $9,800,000
  • PHAC:
    $994,245
  • PS:
    $1,100,000
  • RCMP:
    $9,022,502
  • HC:
    $131,400,621
  • CBSA:
    $8,826,246
  • PHAC:
    $872,237
  • PS:
    $1,100,000
  • RCMP:
    $11,835,357
SO 1.
Cannabis is kept out of the hands of Canadian children and youth [HC, PHAC, PS, RCMP and CBSA]
Percentage of youth (grade 10-12) who report frequent (daily to weekly) cannabis use in the past 30 days [HC] At most 9.2% March 31, 2025 11.1%footnote a
SO 2.
The illegal cannabis market is reduced [HC, PHAC, PS, RCMP and CBSA]
Percentage of the estimated total market demand captured by the legal cannabis market [HC] 74.4% March 31, 2025 76%
Percentage change of assessed organized crime groups operating in the illicit cannabis trade [RCMP] 10% March 31, 2024 19%
Percentage decrease of cannabis import interdictions at the ports of entry [CBSA]

18,799

[5% reduction (+/- 5%) to baseline of 19,788]Footnote b

March 31, 2024 23,882 (27% increase)footnote c
Footnote *

This amount includes any additional funding received after the last renewal.

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Footnote a

Data source: Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey. As data is collected every two years, the most recent data was collected in 2021-22 and published in 2023-24. To note, the title of this survey was changed to the Canadian Student Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CSADS), starting with the 2023-24 data collection cycle.

Return to Footnote a referrer

Footnote b

The CBSA uses the most recent data available to determine baselines by taking the average number of cannabis import interdictions over three previous fiscal years.

Return to Footnote b referrer

Footnote c

An increase of travellers declaring cannabis on entry to Canada, high volumes of e-commerce shipments entering Canada in postal and courier shipments, and CBSA detecting cannabis products with increasing frequency has resulted in higher interdiction rates.

Return to Footnote c referrer

Theme 1 – Details
Name of theme Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote * (dollars) 2023–24 Federal theme planned spending (dollars) 2023–24 Federal theme actual spending (dollars) Theme outcome(s) Theme performance indicator(s) Theme target(s) Date to achieve theme target 2023–24 Actual results
Theme Area 1: Implement and enforce the legislative framework HC:
$382,424,274
HC:
$129,429,988
HC:
$115,572,459
The cannabis industry is federally regulated and licensed [HC] Percentage of licence applications processed within service standards [HC] 75% March 31, 2024 95.1%
Percentage of cannabis and hemp import and export permit applications processed within service standards [HC] 85% March 31, 2024 99.8%
Canadians authorized to use cannabis for medical purposes have reasonable access to legal cannabis [HC] Percentage of applications for personal/designated production processed within the service standard [HC] 85% March 31, 2024 43.1%footnote a
The cannabis industry is informed of the regulatory requirements for cannabis [HC] Percentage of targeted federal licence holders who indicate they have access to information to help them understand the regulatory requirements [HC] 80% March 31, 2024 89%
The cannabis industry is compliant with cannabis-related laws and regulations [HC] Percentage of federally licensed industry that is found to be compliant with regulatory requirements [HC] 80% March 31, 2024 95%
Health Canada has the capacity to identify potential health and safety risks with cannabis products [HC] Percentage of cannabis-related serious adverse reaction reports reported to Health Canada's Canada Vigilance Program that are investigated [HC] 100% March 31, 2024 100%
Footnote *

This amount includes any additional funding received after the last renewal.

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Footnote a

In 2023-24 Health Canada took actions to strengthen its oversight of the program for the personal or designated production of cannabis for medical purposes. As a result, some applications remained in queue for longer than 8-weeks and the time required to issue decisions exceeded the service standard. As of April 2024, the Department returned to meeting the service standard performance target.

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Theme 1 – Horizontal initiative activities
Departments Link to department's Program Inventory Horizontal initiative activity (activities) Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since the last renewalFootnote * (dollars) 2023–24 Planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity (dollars) 2023–24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity (dollars) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity expected result(s) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity target(s) Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target 2023–24 Actual results
Health Canada Cannabis Program Licensing and Other Federal Authorizations $140,155,180 $47,357,730 $45,201,456 ER 1.1.1 PI 1.1.1.1 T 1.1.1.1 March 31, 2024 AR 1.1.1.1
PI 1.1.1.2 T 1.1.1.2 March 31, 2024 AR 1.1.1.2
ER 1.1.2 PI 1.1.2 T 1.1.2 March 31, 2024 AR 1.1.2
Regulatory Compliance and Enforcement and Inspections $175,427,617 $58,572,340 $49,604,281 ER 1.1.3 PI 1.1.3 T 1.1.3 March 31, 2024 AR 1.1.3
ER 1.1.4 PI 1.1.4 T 1.1.4 March 31, 2024 AR 1.1.4
Regulatory Policy, Engagement, Surveillance and Science $66,841,477 $23,499,918 $20,766,722 ER 1.1.5 PI 1.1.5 T 1.1.5 March 31, 2024 AR 1.1.5
Footnote *

This amount includes any additional funding received after the last renewal.

Return to Footnote * referrer

Theme 2 – Details
Name of theme Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote * (dollars) 2023–24 Federal theme planned spending (dollars) 2023–24 Federal theme actual spending (dollars) Theme outcome(s) Theme performance indicator(s) Theme target(s) Date to achieve theme target 2023–24 Actual results
Theme Area 2: Provide Canadians with information needed to make informed decisions and minimize health and safety harms
  • HC:
    $18,492,009
  • PHAC:
    $2,339,274
  • PS:
    $100,000
  • HC:
    $6,164,003
  • PHAC:
    $821,362
  • PS:
    $100,000
  • HC:
    $3,683,732
  • PHAC:
    $699,354
  • PS:
    $100,000
Canadian youth understand the potential health and safety risks associated with cannabis use [HC] Percentage of youth (grades 7-12) who perceive that there is "no risk" in smoking cannabis on a regular basis [HC] At most 9% March 31, 2025 9%footnote a
Canadians have access to enough trustworthy information on cannabis use (including health effects) [HC] Percentage of Canadians who strongly agree or somewhat agree that they have access to enough trustworthy information about the health risks of cannabis to make informed decisions [HC] 74% March 31, 2025 69%
Canadians have access to public health knowledge products on cannabis and polysubstance use [PHAC] Number of Canadians accessing public health knowledge products developed on cannabis and polysubstance use [PHAC] 100,000 or more March 31, 2025 126,186
Stakeholders work with the Public Health Agency of Canada to co-develop knowledge products related to the public health impacts of cannabis and polysubstance use [PHAC] Number of knowledge mobilization projects co-developed with stakeholders on cannabis and polysubstance use [PHAC] 10 March 31, 2025 8
Canadians have access to information on illicit cannabis [PS] Percentage increase in web traffic on illicit cannabis pages on relevant GoC and P/T websites [PS] N/AFootnote b March 31, 2025 N/Afootnote c
Footnote *

This amount includes any additional funding received after the last renewal.

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Footnote a

Data Source: Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs Survey (CSTADS). As data is collected every two years, the most recent data was collected in 2021-22 and published in 2023-24. To note, the title of this survey was changed to the Canadian Student Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CSADS), starting with the 2023-24 data collection cycle.

Return to Footnote a referrer

Footnote b

Public Safety Canada (PS) did not receive funding to deliver public education and awareness and a systematic way to collect data from federal, provincial, and territorial partners is not available to report on this indicator. In fiscal year 2023-2024, PS funded Public Opinion Research (https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.931619/publication.html) to better understand the motivations of consumers who purchase cannabis from the illicit market.

Return to Footnote b referrer

Footnote c

Public Safety Canada (PS) did not receive funding to deliver public education and awareness and a systematic way to collect data from federal, provincial, and territorial partners is not available to report on this indicator. In fiscal year 2023-2024, PS funded Public Opinion Research (https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.931619/publication.html) to better understand the motivations of consumers who purchase cannabis from the illicit market.

Return to Footnote c referrer

Theme 2 – Horizontal initiative activities
Departments Link to department's Program Inventory Horizontal initiative activity (activities) Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since the last renewalFootnote * (dollars) 2023–24 Planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity (dollars) 2023–24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity (dollars) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity expected result(s) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity target(s) Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target 2023–24 Actual results
Health Canada Cannabis Program Public Education and Awareness $18,492,009 $6,164,003 $3,683,732 ER 2.1.1 PI 2.1.1 T 2.1.1 March 31, 2025 AR 2.1.1
ER 2.1.2 PI 2.1.2 T 2.1.2 March 31, 2025 AR 2.1.2
Public Health Agency of Canada Health Promotion Develop public health advice to support the role of Canada's Chief Public Health Officer through targeted knowledge mobilization, engagement, and collaboration $2,339,274 $821,362 $699,354 ER 2.2.1 PI 2.2.1 T 2.2.1 March 31, 2025 AR 2.2.1
ER 2.2.2 PI 2.2.2 T 2.2.2 March 31, 2025 AR 2.2.2
Public Safety Crime Prevention Public education and awareness $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 ER 2.3.1 PI 2.3.1 T 2.3.1 March 31, 2025 AR 2.3.1
Footnote *

This amount includes any additional funding received after the last renewal

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Theme 3 – Details
Name of theme Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote * (dollars) 2023–24 Federal theme planned spending (dollars) 2023–24 Federal theme actual spending (dollars) Theme outcome(s) Theme performance indicator(s) Theme target(s) Date to achieve theme target 2023–24 Actual results
Theme Area 3: Enhance data, knowledge and tools on illegal cannabis and public safety by working with key partners and stakeholders PS:
$2,690,792
PS:
$845,015
PS:
$845,015
Governments, law enforcement agencies and private sector stakeholders are aware of policies and practices to reduce illegal cannabis use and availability [PS] Number of participants reached through knowledge sharing events/meetings on illegal cannabis [PS] 100 March 31, 2025 136
Percentage of participants/ recipients of knowledge activities/ products reporting that they were useful [PS] 75% March 31, 2025 75%footnote a
Policy and practice is informed by evidence [PS] Number of knowledge products disseminated [PS] 6 March 31, 2025 6Footnote b
Percentage of stakeholders reporting that their policy and practice were informed by data and knowledge tools produced under this program [PS] 60%footnote c March 31, 2025 60%
Footnote *

This amount includes any additional funding received after the last renewal.

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Footnote a

Public Safety Canada solicited feedback from participants of the Online Illicit Cannabis Working Group on February 14, 2024 on its efforts to advance issues related to illicit cannabis, including on the value and relevance of knowledge products. All participants responded favorably.

Return to Footnote a referrer

Footnote b

Of the 6 knowledge products disseminated: Factsheets: 1, Newsletters: 3. Public Opinion research on Motivations of Cannabis Sourcing: 1, Indicators for monitoring illicit cannabis markets: 1.

Return to Footnote b referrer

Footnote c

Target reflects input from partners that policies are largely well-established and informed by jurisdictional contexts.

Return to Footnote c referrer

Theme 3 – Horizontal initiative activities
Departments Link to department's Program Inventory Horizontal initiative activity (activities) Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since the last renewalFootnote * (dollars) 2023–24 Planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity (dollars) 2023–24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity (dollars) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity expected result(s) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity target(s) Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target 2023–24 Actual results
Public Safety Serious and Organized Crime Data and Knowledge $2,690,792 $845,015 $845,015 ER 3.1.1 PI 3.1.1.1 T 3.1.1.1 March 31, 2025 AR 3.1.1.1
PI 3.1.1.2 T 3.1.1.2 March 31, 2025 AR 3.1.1.2
Engagement ER 3.2.1 PI 3.2.1.1 T 3.2.1.1 March 31, 2025 AR 3.2.1.1
PI 3.2.1.2 T 3.2.1.2 March 31, 2025 AR 3.2.1.2
Footnote *

This amount includes any additional funding received after the last renewal

Return to Footnote * referrer

Theme 4 – Details
Name of theme Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote * (dollars) 2023–24 Federal theme planned spending (dollars) 2023–24 Federal theme actual spending (dollars) Theme outcome(s) Theme performance indicator(s) Theme target(s) Date to achieve theme target 2023–24 Actual results
Theme Area 4: Provide intelligence, undertake enforcement activities, and support security screenings RCMP:
$24,519,000
RCMP:
$7,758,542
RCMP:
$10,571,397
Law Enforcement Records Checks (LERCs) are conducted in support of HC's security clearance decisions [RCMP] Percentage of LERCs completed within negotiated service standards [RCMP] 75% March 31, 2024 100%
Canadian law enforcement agencies have access to cannabis-related actionable intelligence products [RCMP] Number of cannabis-related intelligence products [RCMP] 14 or higher March 31, 2024 13footnote a
Number of reports on trends and patterns that examine organized crime involvement in the illicit cannabis market [RCMP] 6 March 31, 2024 6
Canadian law enforcement agencies are aware of organized crime and the illicit cannabis market [RCMP] Percentage of cannabis referrals processed within the service standard [RCMP] 90% March 31, 2024 100%
Percentage of Policing Partners and Stakeholders who agree that CISC intelligence products inform decision-making and/or priority-setting exercises [RCMP] 80% March 31, 2024 Not availableFootnote b
Canadian law enforcement agencies' information and actionable intelligence are used to inform decision-making [RCMP] Percentage of internally developed cannabis-related intelligence and information products disseminated to RCMP operational units, non-operational units (e.g. policy units), decision-makers, as well as other stakeholders and external partners/agencies [RCMP] 80% shared internally (% of total products) 30% shared externally (% of total products) March 31, 2024 100% shared internally 31% shared externally
Canadian law enforcement agencies act against organized crime and the illicit cannabis market [RCMP] Percentage increase of cannabis-related occurrences that are tied to organized crime/street gang [RCMP] Increase of 10% or more (99 or more) March 31, 2026 59.8%footnote c
Number of cannabis-related tiered projects [RCMP] Increase of 10% or more (8) March 31, 2026 57% increase
RCMP prevention and engagement activities support enhanced understanding among targeted partners and stakeholders, including youth and Indigenous communities [RCMP] Percentage of targeted federal partners and stakeholders who strongly agree or agree with the statement "RCMP Federal Policing Strategic Engagement and Awareness has increased my understanding specific to the cannabis regime, organized crime, and the illicit cannabis market" [RCMP] 45% March 31, 2024 Not availableFootnote d
Increased cannabis-specific engagements with Indigenous communities [RCMP] Number of engagements at the leadership level between RCMP detachments/divisions and Indigenous community leadership on cannabis-related issues. [RCMP] Target/baseline will be established in Q1 2025-26 after the first year of data collection March 31, 2024, once baselines are established Not availablefootnote e
Number of RCMP-led community awareness sessions/workshops held with Indigenous communities on cannabis-related issues (e.g. town halls, school presentations, etc.) [RCMP] Target/baseline will be established in Q1 2025-26 after the first year of data collection March 31, 2024, once baselines are established Not availablefootnote f
Enhanced capacity of target populations, including partners and stakeholders, youth and Indigenous communities, to respond to the cannabis regime [RCMP] Number of information inquiries responded to by the Centre for Youth Crime Prevention [RCMP] 150 March 31, 2024 263
Percentage of targeted partners/stakeholders who strongly agree or agree with the statement "RCMP Federal Policing Strategic Engagement and Awareness has increased my skills/ability to respond to the cannabis regime" [RCMP] 30% March 31, 2024 Not availableFootnote g
Percentage of youth resource officers who positively assessed the impact of training [RCMP] 100% March 31, 2024 100%
Footnote *

This amount includes any additional funding received after the last renewal.

Return to Footnote * referrer

Footnote a

Comprised of 9 criminal intelligence products and 4 statistical analysis products. Federal Policing National intelligence was unable to meet the target of 10 criminal intelligence products due to a lack of resources.

Return to Footnote a referrer

Footnote b

The Policing Partners and Stakeholders Survey was not administered in 2023-24.

Return to Footnote b referrer

Footnote c

During FY 2023-2024, 139 out of 3,615 FP cannabis occurrences were organized crime (OC)-related. Compared to FY 2021-2022, which had 87 FP organized crime Cannabis-related occurrences, this represents an increase of 59.8% in OC Cannabis-related occurrences. While the total number of FP OC-related occurrences increased, the overall cannabis-related occurrences dropped slightly. The increase in organized crime cannabis-related occurrences was reflected mainly in occurrence types related to importation and exportation and assistance to foreign (except US) police agencies.

Return to Footnote c referrer

Footnote d

The Policing Partners and Stakeholders Survey was not administered in 2023-24.

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Footnote e

No data collection occurred in 2023-24 as cannabis-funded positions were not fully staffed.

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Footnote f

No data collection occurred in 2023-24 as cannabis-funded positions were not fully staffed.

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Footnote g

The Policing Partners and Stakeholders Survey was not administered in 2023-24.

Return to Footnote g referrer

Theme 4 – Horizontal initiative activities
Departments Link to department's Program Inventory Horizontal initiative activity (activities) Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since the last renewalFootnote * (dollars) 2023–24 Planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity (dollars) 2023–24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity (dollars) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity expected result(s) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity target(s) Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target 2023–24 Actual results
Royal Canadian Mounted Police Departmental Security Security screening $11,756,841 $3,865,724 $2,759,591 ER 4.1.1 PI 4.1.1 T 4.1.1 March 31, 2024 AR 4.1.1
Criminal Intelligence Intelligence and Enforcement (including Data Management) $9,285,028 $2,635,765 $6,558,152 ER 4.1.2 PI 4.1.2.1 T 4.1.2.1 March 31, 2024 AR 4.1.2.1
Federal Policing General Investigations Criminal Intelligence Service Canada PI 4.1.2.2 T 4.1.2.2 March 31, 2024 AR 4.1.2.2
ER 4.1.3 PI 4.1.3.1 T 4.1.3.1 March 31, 2024 AR 4.1.3.1
PI 4.1.3.2 T 4.1.3.2 March 31, 2024 AR 4.1.3.2
ER 4.1.4 PI 4.1.4 T 4.1.4 March 31, 2024 AR 4.1.4
ER 4.1.5 PI 4.1.5.1 T 4.1.5.1 March 31, 2026 AR 4.1.5.1
PI 4.1.5.2 T 4.1.5.2 March 31, 2026 AR 4.1.5.2
Public Engagement Prevention and Engagement (including Indigenous Relations Services) $3,477,131 $1,257,053 $1,253,654 ER 4.1.6 PI 4.1.6 T 4.1.6 March 31, 2024 AR 4.1.6
ER 4.1.7 PI 4.1.7.1 T 4.1.7.1 March 31, 2024, once baselines are established AR 4.1.7.1
PI 4.1.7.2 T 4.1.7.2 March 31, 2024, once baselines are established AR 4.1.7.2
ER 4.1.8 PI 4.1.8.1 T 4.1.8.1 March 31, 2024 AR 4.1.8.1
Operational Readiness and Response PI 4.1.8.2 T 4.1.8.2 March 31, 2024 AR 4.1.8.2
PI 4.1.8.3 T 4.1.8.3 March 31, 2024 AR 4.1.8.3
Footnote *

This amount includes any additional funding received after the last renewal.

Return to Footnote * referrer

Theme 5 – Details
Name of theme Total federal theme funding, including legacy funding, allocated since the last renewalFootnote * (dollars) 2023–24 Federal theme planned spending (dollars) 2023–24 Federal theme actual spending (dollars) Theme outcome(s) Theme performance indicator(s) Theme target(s) Date to achieve theme target 2023–24 Actual results
Theme Area 5: Prevent and interdict prohibited cross-border movement of cannabis while maintaining the flow of legitimate travelers and goods CBSA:
$28,951,613
CBSA:
$9,650,538
CBSA:
$8,676,784
Enhanced capacity to promote compliance and to enforce import and export-related laws [CBSA] Percentage decrease in number of traveller cannabis forfeitures at the ports of entry [CBSA]

4,460
[5% reduction
(+/- 5% variance)
to baseline of 4,695]

March 31, 2024

9,621
(116% increase)footnote a

Percentage decrease in number of traveller cannabis seizures at the ports of entry [CBSA]

1,035
[5% reduction
(+/- 5% variance)
to baseline of 1,089]

March 31, 2024

2,238
(116% increase)Footnote b

Capacity to address critical data, research and surveillance gaps that present a barrier to the effective implementation and monitoring of Canada's cannabis framework pre, and at the border [CBSA] Percentage of time cannabis reporting applications were fully functional and available to users [CBSA service standard] 90% March 31, 2024 95%
Assessment of the quality of policies, procedures, agreements and research papers to support Canada's cannabis framework pre, and at the border [CBSA] Quality is rated as "Excellent," "Average" or "Below Average" March 31, 2024 Excellent
Prohibited cross-border movement of cannabis detected [CBSA] Percentage of referred cannabis samples analyzed within 60 days [CBSA] 90% March 31, 2024 52.8%footnote c
Travellers and the business community have access to timely redress mechanisms [CBSA] Percentage of cannabis-related appeals received that are acknowledged within 10 calendar days [CBSA service standard] 85% March 31, 2024 100%
Percentage of Enforcement and Trusted Traveller cannabis-related appeals received that are decided within 180 workable days [CBSA service standard] 70% March 31, 2024 72%
Footnote *

This amount includes any additional funding received after the last renewal.

Return to Footnote * referrer

Footnote a

High traveller volumes has resulted in more travellers declaring cannabis in their possession on entry into Canada.

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Footnote b

In 2023-24, more travellers were found exiting Canada with unauthorized cannabis than in previous years.

Return to Footnote b referrer

Footnote c

Critical Instruments were out of service for several months, which delayed the CBSA Laboratory's ability to analyze complex cannabis samples in 2023-24.

Return to Footnote c referrer

Theme 5 – Horizontal initiative activities
Departments Link to department's Program Inventory Horizontal initiative activity (activities) Total federal funding, including legacy funding, allocated to each horizontal initiative activity since the last renewalFootnote * (dollars) 2023–24 Planned spending for each horizontal initiative activity (dollars) 2023–24 Actual spending for each horizontal initiative activity (dollars) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity expected result(s) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity performance indicator(s) 2023–24 Horizontal initiative activity target(s) Date to achieve horizontal initiative activity target 2023–24 Actual results
Canada Border Services Agency Traveller Facilitation and Compliance Traveller Port of Entry Processing $20,648,067 $6,878,593 $6,321,690 ER 5.1.1 PI 5.1.1.1 T 5.1.1.1 March 31, 2024 AR 5.1.1.1
PI 5.1.1.2 T 5.1.1.2 March 31, 2024 AR 5.1.1.2
Policy, Implementation, Monitoring and Reporting $3,183,837 $1,073,568 $670,635 ER 5.1.2 PI 5.1.2.1 T 5.1.2.1 March 31, 2024 AR 5.1.2.1
PI 5.1.2.2 T 5.1.2.2 March 31, 2024 AR 5.1.2.2
Field Technology Laboratory Services $3,304,229 $1,093,217 $1,066,188 ER 5.1.3 PI 5.1.3 T 5.1.3 March 31, 2024 AR 5.1.3
Recourse Enforcement Appeals Procession $1,815,480 $605,160 $618,271 ER 5.1.4 PI 5.1.4.1 T 5.1.4.1 March 31, 2024 AR 5.1.4.1
PI 5.1.4.2 T 5.1.4.2 March 31, 2024 AR 5.1.4.2
Footnote *

This amount includes any additional funding received after the last renewal.

Return to Footnote * referrer

Total spendingFootnote *, all themes
Theme Total federal funding allocated since last renewal (dollars) 2023–24 Total federal planned spending (dollars) 2023–24 Total federal actual spending (dollars)
Theme 1 $382,424,274 $129,429,989 $115,572,459
Theme 2 $20,931,283 $7,085,365 $4,483,086
Theme 3 $2,690,792 $845,015 $845,015
Theme 4 $24,519,000 $7,758,542 $10,571,397
Theme 5 $28,951,613 $9,650,538 $8,676,784
Total, all themes $459,516,962 $154,769,448 $140,148,741
Footnote *

Theme amounts exclude Internal Services.

Return to Footnote * referrer

Variance Explanations

Health Canada

Theme 1: the variance between planned and actual spending is mainly due to unforeseen delays in staffing and procurement, alongside lower than expected in-year project spending.

Theme 2: the variance between planned and actual spending is mainly due to the delay and cancellation of experiential marketing programs. In addition, the direct mail campaign for young adults did not proceed as planned.

Canada Border Services Agency

The variance between planned and actual spending is mainly due to unspent contingency amounts, unused travel funding and changes to staffing capacity (i.e., departures).

Public Health Agency of Canada

The variance between planned and actual spending is mainly due to unforeseen delays in the procurement process and limited capacity which meant that contract deliverables shifted from 2023-24 into 2024-25.

Public Safety

N/A

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

The variance between planned and actual spending is mainly due to increased workloads in E (British Columbia), C (Quebec), and B (Newfoundland and Labrador) divisions, and a higher than anticipated volume of Law Enforcement Records Checks received by Health Canada's Cannabis Program.

Theme 1: Implement and enforce the legislative framework

Expected results

Health Canada

Performance indicators

Health Canada

Targets

Health Canada

Actual Results

Theme 2: Provide Canadians with information needed to make informed decisions and minimize health and safety harms

Expected results

Health Canada

Public Health Agency of Canada

Public Safety Canada

Performance indicators

Health Canada

Public Health Agency of Canada

Public Safety Canada

Targets

Health Canada

Public Health Agency of Canada

Public Safety Canada

Actual Results

Health Canada

Public Health Agency of Canada

Public Safety Canada

Theme 3: Enhance data, knowledge and tools on illegal cannabis and public safety by working with key partners and stakeholders

Expected results

Public Safety Canada

Performance indicators

Public Safety Canada

Targets

Public Safety Canada

Actual Results

Public Safety Canada

Theme 4: Provide intelligence, undertake enforcement activities, and support security screenings

Expected results

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Performance indicators

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Targets

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Actual Results

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Theme 5: Prevent and interdict prohibited cross-border movement of cannabis while maintaining the flow of legitimate travelers and goods

Expected results

Canada Border Services Agency

Performance indicators

Canada Border Services Agency

Targets

Canada Border Services Agency

Actual Results

Canada Border Services Agency

Footnotes

Footnote 1

Includes spending from April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2024 (2017-18 to 2023-24)

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Includes spending from April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2024 (2017-18 to 2023-24)

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Includes spending from April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2024 (2022-23 to 2023-24)

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Footnote 4

Includes spending from April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2024 (2022-23 to 2023-24)

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