Re-evaluation Note REV2015-11, Special Review of Atrazine: Proposed Decision for Consultation

Pest Management Regulatory Agency
15 December 2015
ISSN: 1925-0649 (PDF version)
Catalogue number: H113-5/2015-11E-PDF (PDF version)

Table of Contents

• 1.0 Introduction
• 2.0 Uses of Atrazine in Canada
• 3.0 Aspect of the Pest Control Product that Prompted the Special Review
• 4.0 PMRA Evaluation of the Aspect of the Pest Control Product that Prompted the Special Review
• 5.0 Drinking Water Risk Assessment
• 6.0 Proposed Special Review Decision for Atrazine
• 7.0 Next Steps
• Appendix I Registered Products Containing Atrazine as of 9 July 2015
• References

1.0 Introduction

Pursuant to subsection 17(2) of the Pest Control Products Act, the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) has initiated a special review of pest control products containing atrazine based on the decision taken by the European Commission in 2004. The initiation of the special review under the Pest Control Products Act was announced in December 2013 (Canada, 2013).

Pursuant to subsection 18(4) of the Pest Control Products Act, the PMRA has evaluated the aspect of concern that prompted the special review of pest control products containing atrazine. The aspect of concern is relevant to the environment and was related to the exceedance of atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products above the European Union regulated threshold of 0.1 µg/L in groundwater (i.e. related to the potential leaching of atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products into groundwater).

2.0 Uses of Atrazine in Canada

Atrazine is a broad-spectrum triazine herbicide. It is currently registered for use in corn (maximum rate: 1.5 kg a.i./year; applied 1-2 times per year) and in sorghum (Eastern Canada only; maximum rate: 1.0 kg a.i./ha applied once per year). It is applied using ground equipment.  In Canada, atrazine underwent re-evaluation with completion of the human health risk assessment in 2004 (Canada, 2003; Canada, 2004) and the environmental risk assessment in 2007 (Canada, 2007a; Canada, 2007b). Appendix I lists all atrazine products that are currently registered under the authority of the Pest Control Products Act. The technical active ingredient, manufacturing concentrates and all end-use products containing atrazine are considered in this review. The proposed special review decision is applicable for all registered pest control products containing atrazine.

3.0 Aspect of the Pest Control Product that Prompted the Special Review

The use of atrazine in European Union Member States was banned in 2004 due to environmental concerns (European Commission, 2003; European Commission, 2004). The European Commission concluded that "the information available is insufficient to satisfy the requirements set out in Annex II and Annex III Directive 91/414/EEC. In particular the available monitoring data were insufficient to demonstrate that in large areas concentrations of the active substance and its breakdown products will not exceed 0.1 μg/l in groundwater. Moreover it cannot be assured that continued use in other areas will permit a satisfactory recovery of groundwater quality where concentrations already exceed 0.1 μg/l in groundwater". The Rotterdam Convention Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Circular XXI (Rotterdam Convention, 2005) also provided similar information and indicated that the reasons for the European Union regulatory action were relevant to the environment and that the final regulatory action was not based on a risk or hazard evaluation.

Based on the review of the European Commission decision, the aspect of concern that prompted the special review of atrazine is related to the potential leaching of atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products (desethylatrazine (DEA) and desisopropylatrazine (DIA)) into groundwater.

4.0 PMRA Evaluation of the Aspect of the Pest Control Product that Prompted the Special Review

Following the initiation of the special review of atrazine, the PMRA requested information related to the aspect of concern from provinces and other relevant federal departments and agencies, in accordance with subsection 18(2) of the Pest Control Products Act. The information received that was relevant to the aspect of concern was considered in the special review.

In order to evaluate the potential for leaching of atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products (DEA and DIA) into groundwater, the PMRA has considered currently available relevant information (for example, environmental fate information from laboratory and field studies, available Canadian and American groundwater monitoring data, groundwater modelling, and information from the Canadian incident reporting database related to the aspect of concern).

Atrazine is soluble in water (33 mg/L at 20ºC) and is expected to volatilize from moist soil or water as based on the Henry's law constant (2.61 × 10-4 Pa.m3/mole). Atrazine has a low potential for bioaccumulation based on the n-octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow = 2.7) (Canada, 2007a).

Hydrolysis is not a primary route of transformation of atrazine (stable in aqueous solution at pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9). Phototransformation on soil and in water are also not primary routes of transformation of atrazine (Canada, 2007a).

Several laboratory aerobic soil biotransformation studies were available and DT50 values varied (18-480 days). However, the majority of relevant studies indicated that DT50 values are between 40 and 115 days with a mean of 61 days. Based on this range of values, atrazine is moderately persistent in soil under aerobic conditions. In anaerobic soil, atrazine is also moderately persistent (DT50 = 77-159 days). In aerobic aquatic systems, atrazine is moderately persistent to persistent (DT50 = 80 to >400 days). Atrazine is persistent in anaerobic aquatic systems (DT50 = 330-608 days); thus, anaerobic aquatic biotransformation is not a primary route of transformation (Canada, 2007a). Based on the highest DT50 value in soil (480 days) and water (>400 days), atrazine meets the persistence criteria (≥182 days) under the Toxic Substances Management Policy (TSMP). However, it was determined that atrazine does not meet all of the TSMP Track 1 criteria (Canada, 2007a).

In addition to the laboratory transformation studies, the PMRA has considered field studies to assess the dissipation of atrazine. The dissipation of atrazine under Ontario field conditions indicated that atrazine is moderately persistent (half-life = 56-125 days). Under conditions representative of the temperate prairie ecozone in Canada, atrazine is reported to dissipate much more slowly. Transformation products were first detected in soil at 450 days after the application of atrazine (Canada, 2007a).

Atrazine has medium to very high mobility in soil (adsorption Koc = 39-155). The major chlorinated transformation products of atrazine (DEA, DIA and diaminochlorotriazine (DACT)), are highly mobile to very highly mobile in soil. Under field conditions, the majority of the applied material dissipates from the root zone, but traces of atrazine residues can leach into soil depths greater than one metre at approximately one year after application (Canada, 2007a). Therefore the PMRA has concluded that atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products have the potential to leach into groundwater.

Residues of atrazine in potential groundwater drinking water sources were estimated using modelling (Leaching Estimation and Chemistry Model (LEACHM)). At the screening-level (Level 1) the highest estimated environmental concentration (EEC) in groundwater was 164 µg/L of atrazine based on the use in corn in Quebec at a rate of 1.5 kg a.i./ha (Canada, 2003). In addition to modelling, groundwater monitoring data from both Canada and the United States were used to assess the potential leaching of atrazine and its transformation products to groundwater.

As part of the assessment, a search for groundwater monitoring data for atrazine in Canada and the United States was undertaken by the PMRA. The monitoring data (2005 to 2014) show that atrazine was detected in 2,823 out of a total of 14,455 groundwater samples (20%) from Canada and the United States. Considering only Canadian data, atrazine was detected in 11% of groundwater samples (119 out of 1067), with a maximum concentration of 2.32 µg/L. The maximum concentration of atrazine detected was 18.8 µg/L, in a spring water sample from the United States. Based on the Canadian reports currently available to the PMRA, the overall maximum detection of DEA in groundwater between the years 2005 and 2014 is 0.22 µg/L. The transformation products DIA and DACT were not detected during the same time period. Considering data from the United States over the same time period, the overall maximum concentrations of DEA, DIA and DACT in groundwater are 2.6 µg/L, 2.2 µg/L, and 2.9 µg/L, respectively. The differences in the numbers between the two countries may reflect a higher use of atrazine in the United States

In addition, the technical registrant submitted a targeted drinking water monitoring study in 2006, from atrazine use areas (Ontario and Quebec) to monitor levels of atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products in Canadian raw and finished (untreated and treated) drinking water. The total chlorotriazine levels detected in this drinking water monitoring study did not exceed the Canadian drinking water guideline for atrazine (5 µg/L) and the chronic drinking water level of concern (41.9 µg/L)(Canada, 2007a; Canada, 2007b).

No concerns related to the aspect of concern (potential leaching of atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products into groundwater) were identified in the information received through the Canadian incident report database.

5.0 Drinking Water Risk Assessment

In addition to assessing the potential leaching of atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products into groundwater, the PMRA has conducted a scientifically based drinking water risk assessment to determine whether exposure to atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products through Canadian groundwater presents a potential risk of concern to Canadians.

Atrazine's chlorinated transformation products are considered to be equivalent in toxicity to atrazine, thus atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products were assessed together for the drinking water risk assessment. For acute dietary exposure, an acute reference dose (ARfD) of 0.04 mg/kg bw has been established by the PMRA for females aged 13+ years, based on a no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 12.5 mg/kg bw/day derived from a 4-day rat study, and an uncertainty/safety factor of 300. For chronic dietary exposure, an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.006 mg/kg bw/day has been established by the PMRA for all populations, based on a NOAEL of 1.8 mg/kg bw/day derived from a 6-month study in female rats, and an uncertainty/safety factor of 300 to provide an extra level of protection for the potential neuroendocrine modulating effects of atrazine (Canada, 2003; Canada, 2004).

For assessing risks from potential residues in drinking water, the Pest Control Products Act requires the application of an additional 10-fold factor to threshold effects to take into account completeness of the data with respect to the exposure of, and toxicity to, infants and children, and potential prenatal and postnatal toxicity. A different factor may be determined to be appropriate on the basis of reliable scientific data. The atrazine database contains the full complement of required studies including developmental studies in rats and rabbits, and a reproductive study in rats. There was no evidence of increased quantitative or qualitative sensitivity to rat or rabbit offspring following in utero and/or postnatal exposure to atrazine. Reference doses for atrazine were based on NOAELs for the most relevant endpoints, namely attenuation of the LH surge, estrous cycle alterations and developmental effects. These reference doses incorporate uncertainty factors to account for extrapolation between rats and humans and for variability within human populations, as well as an additional safety factor to provide an extra level of protection for the potential neuroendocrine modulating effects of atrazine. Therefore, in this context, the Pest Control Products Act factor could be reduced from 10-fold to 1-fold.

Drinking water exposure has been addressed by calculating, for each population subgroup, drinking water levels of comparison (DWLOCs) for acute and chronic exposure to atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products. The acute and chronic DWLOCs for the most sensitive population subgroup were 1300.5 and 41.9 μg/L, respectively (Canada, 2003). The maximum concentrations of atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products detected in groundwater based on available monitoring data (see Section 4.0) did not exceed either the acute or chronic DWLOCs for the most sensitive subpopulations. Therefore, residues of atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products in drinking water are not considered to be of concern to human health.

Aggregate exposure is the total exposure to a single pesticide that may occur from food, drinking water, residential and other non-occupational sources as well as from all known or plausible exposure routes (oral, dermal and inhalation). There are no domestic class end-use products containing atrazine currently registered for use in Canada, and atrazine commercial class end-use products are not registered for use in residential areas. On this basis, aggregate exposure is limited to food and drinking water only. As dietary exposure resulting from food intake comprises less than 1% for both acute and chronic exposure (Canada, 2003), and EECs of atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products detected in groundwater did not exceed the acute or chronic DWLOCs for the most sensitive subpopulations, aggregate exposure to food and drinking water is not of concern.

Atrazine, simazine and their common transformation products (DEA, DIA, DACT) share a common toxicity endpoint (neuroendocrine and neuroendocrine related developmental and reproductive effects) and a known mechanism of toxicity for this endpoint, namely that they can cause a disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in rats by alteration of levels of luteinizing hormone (United States, 2006). The PMRA considered triazine cumulative effects (Canada, 2009) based on the 2006 assessment from the USEPA (United States, 2006). Exposure was estimated based on data from three American regions where exposure to triazine residues were likely to co-occur and which were representative of high-end exposure scenarios. Acceptable MOEs were reported for infants (younger than 1 year old), children (1-2 years old), females (13-49 years old) and males (20-49 years old), which represented the most vulnerable and sensitive groups relative to the endpoint of concern (NOAEL of 1.8 mg/kg bw/day). Therefore, the USEPA concluded that cumulative exposure to triazine residues through drinking water exposure was not of concern to human health. The USEPA's assessment is considered to be relevant to the Canadian situation, because Canadian maximum application rates are encompassed by those assumed in the USEPA's assessment. Currently, an updated cumulative assessment is ongoing as part of the USEPA Registration Reviews for atrazine, simazine and propazine (United States, 2013).

The European Union has adopted a level of 0.1 μg/L as the maximum acceptable concentration in groundwater for individual pesticides in 1998 (Annex I of Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. OJ L 330, 5.12.1998). The 0.1 μg/L threshold is a legislated, rather than risk-based, value that applies to all pesticides regardless of their toxicity to humans. The PMRA follows a risk-based scientific approach in determining the risk to human health from pesticides in drinking water. This approach takes into consideration both the estimated level in drinking water sources and the toxicity of the pesticide. Based on the drinking water risk assessment of atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products, the PMRA concludes that there are no acute or chronic risks of concern from groundwater under the current conditions of use. However, to minimize the potential leaching of atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products, the labels of all registered end use products containing atrazine currently include environmental hazard statements to reduce the potential for leaching of atrazine residues into groundwater.

6.0 Proposed Special Review Decision for Atrazine

Evaluation of available relevant scientific information related to the aspect of concern, indicates that atrazine and its chlorinated transformation products do not pose unacceptable risks to human health and the environment, with respect to drinking water, taking into account the current conditions of use. On this basis, the PMRA, under the authority of the Pest Control Products Act, is proposing to confirm the current registration of pest control products containing atrazine for sale and use in Canada. This proposal affects all registered products containing atrazine in Canada.

This proposed special review decision is a consultation document.^Footnote1 The PMRA will accept written comments on this proposal up to 45 days from the date of publication of this document. Please forward all comments Publications.

7.0 Next Steps

Before making a special review decision on atrazine, the PMRA will consider all comments received from the public in response to this consultation document. A science-based approach will be applied in making a final decision on atrazine. The PMRA will then publish a special review decision document, which will include the decision, the reasons for it, a summary of the comments received on the proposed decision and the PMRA's response to these comments.

Appendix I

References

Published Information

795895

Canada, 2003. Pest Management Regulatory Agency Proposed Acceptability for Continuing Registration PACR2003-13, Re-evaluation of Atrazine.

790992

Canada, 2004. Pest Management Regulatory Agency Re-evaluation Decision RRD2004-12, Atrazine.

1427397

anada, 2007a. Pest Management Regulatory Agency Proposed Acceptability for Continuing Registration PACR2007-05, Re-evaluation of Atrazine (Environmental Assessment).

1527405

Canada, 2007b. Pest Management Regulatory Agency Re-evaluation Decision RVD2007-05, Atrazine (Environmental Assessment).

1822195

Canada, 2009. Pest Management Regulatory Agency Proposed Re-evaluation Decision PRVD2009-12, Simazine.

2405939

Canada, 2013. Pest Management Regulatory Agency Re-evaluation Note REV2013-06, Special Review Initiation of 23 Active Ingredients.

2530818

European Commission, 2003. Review report for the active substance atrazine finalised in the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health at its meeting on 3 October 2003 in support of a decision concerning the non-inclusion of atrazine in Annex I of Directive 91/414/EEC and the withdrawal of authorisations for plant protection products containing this active substance, SANCO/10496/2003-final, 10 September 2003.

2530820

European Commission, 2004. Commission Decision of 10 March 2004 concerning the non-inclusion of atrazine in Annex I to Council Directive 91/414/EEC and the withdrawal of authorisations for plant protection products containing this active substance (2004/248/EC).

2530821

Rotterdam Convention, 2005. Secretariat for the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, PIC Circular XXI - June 2005, page 29.

2530822

United States, 2006. United States Environmental Protection Agency Triazine Cumulative Risk Assessment. March 28, 2006.

2530817

United States, 2013. United States Environmental Protection Agency Atrazine Final Work Plan. Registration Review Case Number 0062, December 2013. Docket Number EPA-HQ-OPP-2013-0266-0308.

Additional Information (Water Monitoring)

Published Information

1739334

Woudneh, M., et al., 2009, Pesticide Multiresidues in Waters of the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada - Part 2. Groundwater, DACO: 8.6

1774484

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2008, Pesticide Data Program Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007, Science and Technology Programs, USDA 2007. Science and Technology Programs. United States Department of Agriculture, DACO: 8.6

1852614

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2009, Pesticide Data Program Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2008. Science and Technology Programs, USDA. December 2009, DACO: 8.6

1852618

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2006, Pesticide Data Program Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2005. Science and Technology Programs, Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA. November 2006, DACO: 8.6

2102603

Giroux, I. and B. Sarrasin, 2011, Pesticides et nitrates dans l'eau souterraine près de cultures de pommes de terre - Échantillonnage dans quelques régions du Québec en 2008 et 2009, Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs, Direction du suivi de l'état de l'environnement, Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, ISBN 978-2-550-61396-1, DACO: 8.6

2170925

Nova Scotia Environment, 2010, Nova Scotia Groundwater Observation Well Network 2010 Report, Nova Scotia Environment, (2010). Nova Scotia Groundwater Observation Well Network 2010 Report, DACO: 8.6

2170936

Giroux, I., N. Roy, and C. Lamontagne, 2010, Présence de pesticides dans l'eau souterraine en milieu agricole : Étude pilote du bassin versant de la rivière Châteauguay. Canadian Water Resources Journal Vol. 35(4): 527-542, DACO: 8.6

2312776

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2011, Pesticide Data Program Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2009. Science and Technology Programs, USDA. May 2011, DACO: 8.6

2312778

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2012, Pesticide Data Program Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2010. Science and Technology Programs, USDA. May 2012, DACO: 8.6

2312780

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2013, Pesticide Data Program Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2011. Science and Technology Programs, USDA. February 2013, DACO: 8.6

2397189

Nova Scotia Environment, 2011, Nova Scotia Groundwater Observation Well Network. 2011 Report, DACO: 8.6

2397190

Nova Scotia Environment, 2012, Nova Scotia Groundwater Observation Well Network. 2012 Report, DACO: 8.6

2397195

California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Pesticide Regulation, 2013, Sampling for Pesticide Residues in California Well Water - 2012 Update. Twenty-seventh Annual Report, DACO: 8.6

2480082

United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2012, Meeting of the FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel on the Problem Formulation for the Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment for Atrazine, June 12-15, 2012, Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2012-0230-0005, Accessed November 27, 2014, www.regulations.gov, DACO: 8.6

Upublished Information

1403269

Pesticide Science Fund Annual Report 2005-2006, DACO: 8.6

1726638

Pesticide Science Fund Annual Report 2006-2007 DACO: 8.6, 9.9, DACO: 8.6,9.9

1726642

Pesticide Science Fund Annual Report 2007-2008 DACO 8.6, 9.9, DACO: 8.6,9.9

1763866

Unpublished Pesticide Science Fund water monitoring data from the Atlantic Region (complete raw dataset from 2003-2008). Environment Canada, DACO: 8.6

2149078

Elliott, J. et al., 2010, Groundwater vulnerability to pesticide contamination in the Assiniboine Delta Aquifer. Environment Canada Pesticide Science Fund, DACO: 8.6

2170892

Environment Canada, 2007, Unpublished groundwater monitoring data from New Brunswick. Received June 2011, DACO: 8.6

2170899

Environment Canada, 2006, Unpublished groundwater monitoring data from PEI (2004 - 2006). Received June 2011, DACO: 8.6

2170903

PEI Department of Environment, Energy and Forestry, 2010, Summary of Statistics from the PEI Groundwater Monitoring Program (2004 - 2009), notes from 2008, and the analyte list from 2009, DACO: 8.6

2171036

Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 2010, Unpublished groundwater monitoring data from Ontario's Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network. Received September 2011, DACO: 8.6

2401688

United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2014, Water monitoring data for atrazine (2005 to March 2014) from the US EPA's Storage and Retrieval (STORET) Data Warehouse. Downloaded March 7, 2014. http://iaspub.epa.gov/storpubl/DW_resultcriteria_geo, DACO: 8.6

2401689

United States Geological Survey, 2014, USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program groundwater monitoring data for atrazine (2005 to March 2014), downloaded March 7, 2014. http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/, DACO: 8.6

2404790

Montana Department of Agriculture, 2014, Monitoring data on atrazine, simazine, imazapyr and aminopyralid from the Montana Department of Agriculture, submitted following the PMRA's February 2014 monitoring data request for active ingredients under special review. Data submitted March 14, 2014, DACO: 8.6

2408636

MDDEFP, 2014, Monitoring data on atrazine and simazine in surface water and groundwater submitted following the PMRA's February 2014 monitoring data request for active ingredients under special review. Data submitted March 19, 2014. Banque de données sur la qualité du milieu aquatique (BQMA), Québec, ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement, de la Faune et des Parcs. Direction du suivi de l'état de l'environnement, DACO: 8.6

2408646

Saskatchewan Water Security Agency, 2014, Water monitoring data on atrazine and simazine, submitted following the PMRA's February 2014 monitoring data request for active ingredients under special review. Data submitted, February 26, 2014. Government of Saskatchewan, DACO: 8.6

2409183

Health Canada, 2014, Water monitoring data on atrazine in drinking water as part of the National Drinking Water Survey. Q&As also included. Submitted following the PMRA's February 2014 monitoring data request for active ingredients under special review. Data submitted February 17, 2014, DACO: 8.6

2409184

Government of New Brunswick, 2014, Water monitoring data for atrazine in drinking water from New Brunswick shared by Health Canada's Water Quality & Science Bureau following the PMRA's February 2014 monitoring data request for active ingredients under special review. Data submitted February 17, 2014, DACO: 8.6

2409185

Government of Saskatchewan, 2014, Water monitoring data for atrazine in drinking water from Saskatchewan shared by Health Canada's Water Quality & Science Bureau following the PMRA's February 2014 monitoring data request for active ingredients under special review. Data submitted February 17, 2014, DACO: 8.6

2409186

Government of Ontario, 2014, Water monitoring data for atrazine in drinking water from Ontario shared by Health Canada's Water Quality & Science Bureau following the PMRA's February 2014 monitoring data request for active ingredients under special review. Data submitted February 17, 2014, DACO: 8.6

2409187

Government of Manitoba, 2014, Water monitoring data for atrazine in public water systems from Manitoba shared by Health Canada's Water Quality & Science Bureau following the PMRA's February 2014 monitoring data request for active ingredients under special review. Data submitted February 17, 2014, DACO: 8.6

2409188

Government of Quebec, 2014, Water monitoring data for atrazine in water distribution systems from Quebec shared by Health Canada's Water Quality & Science Bureau following the PMRA's February 2014 monitoring data request for active ingredients under special review. Data submitted February 17, 2014, DACO: 8.6

2424843

Environment Canada, Surveillance of Pesticide Residues in Surface water, sediment and groundwater in agricultural regions of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. 2008. Unpublished report., DACO: 8.6

2424920

British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, 2014, Monitoring data for pesticides in groundwater, collected in 2010 from wells in British Columbia. Submitted following the PMRA's April 2014 monitoring data request for active ingredients under special review. Data submitted, May 12, 2014, DACO: 8.6

2442754

Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development. 2014. Monitoring data on atrazine, atrazine transformation products, simazine, and aminopyralid from the Government of Alberta, submitted following the PMRA's February 2014 monitoring data request for active ingredients under special review. Data submitted, July 24, 2014., DACO: 8.6

2462785

Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change. 2014. Monitoring data on atrazine, simazine, trifluralin and 2.4-D in Ontario raw water and treated drinking water. Submitted following the PMRA's April 2014 monitoring data request for active ingredients under special review. Data submitted September 19, 2014., DACO: 8.6

2468268

Government of Prince Edward Island. 2014. Summary of pesticide detections in groundwater, surface water and sediment from the PEI Pesticide Monitoring Program (2004-2014). Downloaded from www.gov.pe.ca/pesticidemonitoring on October 24, 2014, DACO: 8.6