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Conditional Release and Performance  – Full Parole

Official Title: Performance Monitoring Report 2018-2019, Conditional Release and Performance – Full Parole
From: Parole Board of Canada

Full Parole

Tables 82-114

Full parole is a type of conditional release which allows the offender to serve the remainder of his/her sentence under supervision in the community.

On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 eliminated the APR process, which resulted in fewer day and full parole decisions in 2011-12, for offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences, who in previous years would have been eligible for an APR review. The number of reviews for these offenders rebounded in the following two years, resulting in an increase in the number of full parole release decisions rendered by the Board.

As noted in the previous section, as a result of court challenges, the Pacific and Quebec regions have been processing APR cases for offenders who met the APR eligibility criteria. The Pacific region has been processing these cases since 2012-13 and the Quebec region since 2013-14.

Following the Canada (Attorney General) v. Whaling decision on March 20, 2014, accelerated parole review was reinstated across the other regions for offenders who were sentenced prior to March 28, 2011. In 2015-16 and 2016-17, in some provinces, workload increased additionally due to cases of APR-eligible offenders who committed their offences prior to the abolition of the APR legislation and were sentenced after March 28, 2011, following provincial court challenges (Quebec in 2016, Ontario in 2015, Manitoba in 2015, Alberta in 2015, British Columbia in 2014).

  • The number of federal full parole release decisions rendered in 2018-19 increased slightly to 4,269 (+1%) from the previous year. The total included 67 full parole release decisions following an APR and 6 full parole release decisions by exception.
  •  In 2018-19, the number of federal full parole release decisions rendered by the Board increased in the Prairie region (+20%) and decreased in the Quebec (-4%), Ontario (-5%), and Pacific (-16%) regions. The number of federal full parole release decisions in the Atlantic region remained relatively the same (+0.4%).
  • In 2018-19, the Board rendered less provincial full parole release decisions (303; -6.8%) compared to the previous year. The numbers decreased in the Atlantic (-23%) and Prairie (-9%) regions and increased in the Pacific (+1%) region.
  • The number of federal full parole release decisions following an Elder-Assisted Hearing increased in 2018-19 to 369 (+16%).
  • The proportion of sentence served prior to first federal full parole release for federal offenders serving determinate sentences remain the same (at 45%) in 2018-19 when compared to the previous year.
  • In 2018-19, Indigenous offenders served a higher proportion of their sentences prior to their first federal full parole release (48%) compared to non-Indigenous offenders (44%).
  •  In 2018-19, male offenders served higher proportions of their sentences before being released on their first federal full parole (45%) than female offenders (42%).

Figure 27. Full Parole Grant Rates

Full Parole Grant Rates
Text equivalent of Figure 27. Full Parole Grant Rates
  Federal full parole regular Federal full parole APR Provincial full parole
2014/15 30% 87% 32%
2015/16 34% 90% 38%
2016/17 35% 97% 36%
2017/18 37% 98% 38%
2018/19 38% 99% 35%
  • In 2018-19, the federal full parole grant rate (regular and APR) remained stable (39.2%;  -0.6%) when compared to the previous year.
  • The federal regular full parole grant rate (38.2%; +0.7%) and the federal APR grant rate (98.5%; +0.9%) remained stable in 2018-19.
  • The provincial full parole grant rate decreased to 34.7% in 2018-19 from 38.2% in 2017-18.
  • The federal full parole grant rate decreased in the Atlantic (to 57%; -4%), while remaining the highest, Quebec (to 34%; -3%) and the Ontario (47%; -2%) regions compared 2017-18. The grant rate increased in the Prairie (to 36%; +1%) and Pacific (to 29%; +6%) regions when compared to the previous year. The Pacific region reported an increase in the federal full parole grant rate for the first time in the last five years.
  • The number of federal full parole release decisions following an Elder-Assisted Hearing increased in 2018-19 (to 369; +16%). The higher proportion of such decisions was recorded in the Prairie region (61%). The federal full parole grant rate following an Elder-Assisted Hearing increase 5 percentage points to 14% compared to the previous year. The grant rate increased in the Atlantic (+17%), Prairie (+4%) and Pacific (+7%) regions, and decreased in the Quebec (-2%) and Ontario (-2%) regions.
  • In 2018-19, offenders serving sentences for sexual offences had the lowest federal full parole grant rate which increased slightly (to 27%; +1%). The rate also increased for offenders serving sentences for violent offences (to 37%; +3%), while it decrease for offenders serving sentences for non-violent offences (to 46%; -3%).
  • Averaged over the last five years, the provincial full parole grant rate was the highest for offenders serving sentences for sexual offences (43%), followed by offenders serving sentences for non-violent offences (39%) and those serving sentences for violent offences (27%).
  • Over the last five years, Indigenous offenders reported a lower federal full parole grant rate (25%) compared to non-Indigenous offenders (40%).
  • Over the last five years, Indigenous offenders reported a lower provincial full parole grant rate (21%) than non-Indigenous offenders (39%).
  • Over the last five years, female offenders reported a higher federal full parole grant rate (50%) than male offenders (36%).
  • Over the last five years, female offenders reported a higher provincial full parole grant rate than male offenders (43% and 35%).
  • In 2018-19, federal offenders with determinate sentences accounted for 92% of all full parole grants (with a grant rate of 41%). Lifers accounted for 8% of all full parole grants (with a grant rate of 61%). Two offenders serving other indeterminate sentences were granted federal full parole in 2018-19 (with a grant rate of 0.7%).
  • In 2018-19, the number of residency conditions imposed on federal full parole increased by 10 (from 93 to 103) compared to the previous year. The Quebec region accounted for most (58%) of the decisions to impose a residency condition on full parole, while the Ontario region accounted for the least (4%).

Outcome of Full Parole Supervision Periods

Outcome on full parole is measured separately for offenders serving determinate sentences and for offenders serving indeterminate sentences. Indeterminate sentences are considered ‘successful completions’ for statistical purposes when the offender decease. For this reason, these cases are shown separately from those of offenders serving determinate sentences.

Federal Full Parole: Determinate Sentences

Figure 28. Outcome Rates of Federal Full Parole Supervision Periods for Offenders with Determinate Sentences

Full Parole Grant Rates
Text equivalent of Figure 28. Outcome Rates of Federal Full Parole Supervision Periods for Offenders with Determinate Sentences
  Successful Completion Revocation for Breach of Condition Total Revocation with Offence
2014/15 86.9% 9.2% 3.9%
2015/16 87.4% 9.0% 3.6%
2016/17 89.6% 7.2% 3.3%
2017/18 90.4% 7.0% 2.6%
2018/19 87.8% 9.8% 2.4%
  • In 2018-19, the successful completion rate (without any breaches of special conditions or re-offending) of federal full parole for offenders serving determinate sentences decreased 2.6 percentage points to 87.8% compared to 2017-18.
  • Over the last five years (between 2014-15 and 2018-19), the successful completion rate of federal full parole for non-violent offenders released on federal APR full parole and those non-violent offenders released on regular full parole was the same (89.3%).
  • Over the last five years, offenders serving sentences for sexual offences reported the highest successful completion rate (94%), followed by offenders serving sentences for non‑violent offences (89%) and offenders serving sentences for violent offences (84%).
  • Over the last five years, Indigenous offenders reported a lower successful completion rate of federal full parole (82%) than non-Indigenous offenders (89%).
  • Over the last five years, female offenders reported a higher successful completion rate on federal full parole (90%) than male offenders (88%).
  • In 2018-19, the successful completion rate decreased in the Atlantic (to 79%; -5%), Ontario (to 89%; -3%), Prairie (to 84%; -4%) and Pacific (to 90%; -2%) regions and increased in the Quebec region (to 94%; +1%) when compared to the previous year.
  • In 2018-19, the revocation for breach of condition rate of federal full parole for offenders serving determinate sentences increased 2.8 percentage points to 9.8% compared to the previous year. Over the last five years, the rate was on average 8.5%.
  • Over the last five years, the total revocation with offence rate of federal full parole has been decreasing, averaging 3.1%.
  • The rate of violent reoffending on federal full parole has been relatively low in the last five years, averaging 0.4%. Offenders serving sentences for violent offences accounted for more than half of all revocations with a violent offence on federal full parole in the last five years (14 out of 24).
  • Over the last five years, Indigenous offenders reported a higher revocation with a violent offence rate on federal full parole (1.3%) than non-Indigenous (0.3%) offenders.
  • One female offender serving a determinate sentence on federal full parole had her supervision period revoked because of a violent offence in the last five years.
  • By region, the rate of violent reoffending has been fluctuating in the last five years. The five-year average rate has been the highest in the Pacific region (0.8%) and the lowest in the Ontario region (0.3%), the national average being 0.4%.

Federal Full Parole: Indeterminate Sentences

Reporting on outcomes of federal full parole supervision periods for offenders serving indeterminate sentences was reviewed in detail and now only includes supervision periods which started on or after April 1, 1994. This differs from previous reports, where all federal full parole supervision periods were tracked that ended between 1994/95 and the report’s year-end regardless of whether they started before or after April 1, 1994. The current approach is methodologically more rigorous.

  • Between 1994-95 and 2018-19, 2,002 offenders serving indeterminate sentences had been released on full parole, completing a total of 2,524 federal full parole supervision periods. As of April 7, 2019, 55% of the supervision periods were still active (supervised), 5% of the supervision periods that were active were for offenders who had been deported or extradited, 14% had ended because the offender deceased while on parole, 18% were revoked for a breach of condition, 6% were revoked as the result of a non‑violent offence, and 3% were revoked as the result of a violent offence.
  • The average length of federal full parole supervision periods for offenders serving indeterminate sentences was eight years

Figure 29. Revocation Rates of Federal Full Parole Supervision Periods for Offenders Serving Indeterminate Sentences (between 1994-95 and 2018-19)

Full Parole Grant Rates
Text equivalent of Figure 29. Revocation Rates of Federal Full Parole Supervision Periods for Offenders Serving Indeterminate Sentences (between 1994-95 and 2018-19)
  Breach of conditions Non-violent offence Violent offence
>1 year 16.6% 5.9% 2.7%
>2 years 15.1% 5.4% 2.6%
>3 years 13.0% 4.8% 2.2%
>4 years 11.0% 4.4% 2.2%
>5 years 9.7% 4.1% 2.0%
>10 years 4.6% 1.8% 1.1%
>15 years 1.9% 0.6% 0.4%

Over the last 25 years, the majority of revocations for breach of condition and revocations with offence for offenders serving indeterminate sentences on full parole occurred within the first five years of the federal full parole supervision periods, and the number of revocations gradually decreases afterward. Thus, the likelihood of having a supervision period revoked drops significantly the longer the offender is on full parole.

  • Over the last 25 years, offenders serving indeterminate sentences on full parole were 1.7 times more likely to have successfully completed their supervision periods than being revoked for having committed a new offence.
  • Over the same time period, offenders serving indeterminate sentences on full parole were 5.1 times more likely to have successfully completed their supervision periods than being revoked for having committed a violent offence. The ratio increases for those offenders who were on full parole for over five years (6.6).

Figure 30. Comparison of Revocation Rates of Federal Full Parole Supervision Periods (between 1994-95 and 2018-19)

Full Parole Grant Rates
Text equivalent of Figure 30. Comparison of Revocation Rates of Federal Full Parole Supervision Periods (between 1994-95 and 2018-19)
  Indeterminate sentences Determinate sentences
Breach of conditions 17.7% 15.6%
Non-violent offence 5.8% 8.6%
Violent offence 2.7% 1.8%

Note: Due to the nature of indeterminate sentences, outcomes of supervision periods for indeterminate offenders are based on start dates and outcomes for determinate offenders are based on end dates.

  • Compared to offenders serving determinate sentences on full parole, offenders serving indeterminate sentences on full parole were more likely to have had their supervision periods revoked because of a breach of condition (17.7% and 15.6%), and were more likely to have had their supervision periods revoked for having committed a new violent offence (2.7% and 1.8%) for federal supervision periods completed between 1994-95 and 2018-19.
  • However, offenders serving indeterminate sentences on full parole were less likely to have had their supervision periods revoked for having committed a new non-violent offence (5.8% and 8.6%) than offenders serving determinate sentences during the same time period.

Provincial Full Parole

  • Over the last five years, the successful completion rate of provincial full parole averaged 91%. The rate was 92% in 2018-19.
  • The successful completion rate of provincial full parole decreased in the Atlantic (to 86%) and Prairie (to 90%) regions and increased in the Pacific region (to 96%) in 2018-19 compared to the previous year.
  • Over the last five years, offenders serving sentences for sexual offences reported the highest successful completion rate (97%), followed by offenders serving sentences for violent offences (91%) and offenders serving sentences for non‑violent offences (90%).
  • Very few provincial offenders have had their full paroles revoked because of a violent offence. Over the last five years, one non-Indigenous male offender serving a sentence for a non‑violent offence had his provincial full parole revoked with a violent offence.
Table 82. Full Parole Release Decisions
Year Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies Pacific Canada
Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov.
2014-15 295 118 1,300 - 656 - 979 57 376 114 3,606 289
2015-16 355 95 1,174 - 771 1 979 78 346 107 3,625 281
2016-17 425 80 1,403 - 793 - 1,035 95 386 103 4,042 278
2017-18 446 71 1,248 - 957 - 1,105 99 457 155 4,213 325
2018-19 448 55 1,200 1 912 - 1,324 90 385 157 4,269 303
5-year avg. 394 84 1,265 - 818 - 1,084 84 390 127 3,951 295

Note: The provincial cases in the Quebec and Ontario regions were federal sentences which were completed in less than two years after the sentence was reduced by court order.

Table 83. Full Parole Release Decisions by Regular and APR Review
Year Type Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies Pacific Canada
Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov.
14-15 Regular 294 118 1,292 - 572 - 965 57 341 114 3,464 289
APR 1 - 7 - 84 - 14 - 31 - 137 -
By exc. - - 1 - - - - - 4 - 5 -
All 295 118 1,300 - 656 - 979 57 376 114 3,606 289
15-16 Regular 355 95 1,143 - 648 1 963 78 328 107 3,437 281
APR - - 30 - 123 - 14 - 18 - 185 -
By exc. - - 1 - - - 2 - - - 3 -
All 355 95 1,174 - 771 1 979 78 346 107 3,625 281
16-17 Regular 424 80 1,377 - 737 - 1,013 95 363 103 3,914 278
APR 1 - 26 - 54 - 22 - 23 - 126 -
By exc. - - - - 2 - - - - - 2 -
All 425 80 1,403 - 793 - 1,035 95 386 103 4,042 278
17-18 Regular 445 71 1,195 - 886 - 1,084 99 436 155 4,046 325
APR 1 - 52 - 70 - 21 - 21 - 165 -
By exc. - - 1 - 1 - - - - - 2 -
All 446 71 1,248 - 957 - 1,105 99 457 155 4,213 325
18-19 Regular 447 55 1,179 1 885 - 1,311 90 374 157 4,196 303
APR - - 20 - 25 - 11 - 11 - 67 -
By exc. 1 - 1 - 2 - 2 - - - 6 -
All 448 55 1,200 1 912 - 1,324 90 385 157 4,269 303

Note: Includes only pre-release decisions to grant/direct or deny/not direct full parole, except APRI not-directed.

Table 84. Full Parole Release Decisions Following Elder-Assisted Hearings
Year Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies Pacific Canada
Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov.
2014-15 13 - 42 - 9 - 125 - 51 - 240 -
2015-16 6 - 37 - 17 - 98 - 40 - 198 -
2016-17 9 - 37 - 17 - 129 - 67 - 259 -
2017-18 13 - 40 - 33 - 165 1 66 2 317 3
2018-19 15 - 46 - 38 - 226 - 44 1 369 1
5-Yr. Avg. 11 - 40 - 23 - 149 - 54 - 277 -

Note: Includes only pre-release decisions to grant/direct or deny/not direct full parole, except APRI not-directed.

Table 85. Average Proportion of Sentence Served at First Federal Full Parole Release by Region (%)
Region 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 5-Yr. Avg.
Atlantic 43 45 44 42 44 44
Quebec 48 48 48 46 46 47
Ontario 46 47 45 44 44 45
Prairies 45 46 46 45 46 46
Pacific 43 45 43 46 44 44
Canada 46 47 46 45 45 45

Note: Excludes those serving indeterminate sentences.

Table 86. Average Proportion of Sentence Served at First Federal Full Parole Release by Offence Type (%)
Region 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 5-Yr. Avg.
Sexual 49 47 49 47 47 48
Violent 49 49 49 47 47 48
Non-Violent 44 46 44 43 43 44

Note: Excludes those serving indeterminate sentences.

Table 87. Average Proportion of Sentence Served at First Federal Full Parole Release by Indigenous and Non-Indigenous  (%)
Ind./Non-Ind. 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 5-Yr. Avg.
Indigenous 47 51 49 48 48 49
Non-Indigenous 46 46 45 44 44 45

Note: Excludes those serving indeterminate sentences.

Table 88. Average Proportion of Sentence Served at First Federal Full Parole Release by Gender (%)
Gender 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 5-Yr. Avg.
Male 46 47 46 45 45 46
Female 45 45 43 43 42 43

Note: Excludes those serving indeterminate sentences.

Table 89. Grant Rates for Federal Full Parole
Year Type Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies Pacific Canada
# % # % # % # % # % # %
2014-15 Regular 161 55 278 22 239 42 288 30 87 26 1,053 30
APR 1 100 5 71 74 88 9 64 30 97 119 87
By exc. - - 1 100 - - - - 2 50 3 60
All 162 55 284 22 313 48 297 30 119 32 1,175 33
2015-16 Regular 212 60 297 26 254 39 317 33 76 23 1,156 34
APR - - 27 90 109 89 12 86 18 100 166 90
By exc. - - 1 100 - - 2 100 - - 3 100
All 212 60 325 28 363 47 331 34 94 27 1,325 37
2016-17 Regular 261 62 370 27 328 45 338 33 77 21 1,374 35
APR 1 100 26 100 52 96 20 91 23 100 122 97
By exc. - - - - 1 50 - - - - 1 50
All 262 62 396 28 381 48 358 35 100 26 1,497 37
2017-18 Regular 270 61 412 34 390 44 360 33 83 19 1,515 37
APR 1 100 50 96 70 100 19 90 21 100 161 98
By exc. - - - - 1 100 - - - - 1 50
All 271 61 462 37 461 48 379 34 104 23 1,677 40
2018-19 Regular 255 57 387 33 399 45 459 35 101 27 1,601 38
APR - 0 20 100 24 96 11 100 11 100 66 99
By exc. 1 100 1 100 2 100 2 100 - - 6 100
All 256 57 408 34 425 47 472 36 112 29 1,673 39

Note: Includes only pre-release decisions to grant/direct or deny/not direct full parole, except APRI not-directed.

Table 90. Grant Rates for Federal Full Parole Following Elder-Assisted Hearings
Year Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies Pacific Canada
# % # % # % # % # % # %
2014-15 4 31 5 12 2 22 12 10 6 12 29 12
2015-16 0 0 7 19 1 6 13 13 2 5 23 12
2016-17 2 22 3 8 1 6 20 16 5 7 31 12
2017-18 3 23 5 13 4 12 17 10 0 0 29 9
2018-19 6 40 5 11 4 11 33 15 3 7 51 14
5-Yr. Avg. 3 27 5 12 2 11 19 13 3 6 33 12

Note: Includes only pre-release decisions to grant/direct or deny/not direct full parole, except APRI not-directed.

Table 91. Grant Rates for Provincial Full Parole
Year Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies Pacific Canada
# % # % # % # % # % # %
2014-15 48 41 - - - - 12 21 33 29 93 32
2015-16 56 59 - - 0 0 24 31 27 25 107 38
2016-17 41 51 - - - - 33 35 27 26 101 36
2017-18 34 48 - - - - 35 35 55 35 124 38
2018-19 29 53 0 0 - - 30 33 46 29 105 35
5-Yr. Avg. 42 50 - - - - 27 32 38 30 106 36

Note: The provincial cases in the Quebec and Ontario regions were federal sentences, which were completed in less than two years after the sentence was reduced by court order.

Table 92. Grant Rates for Federal and Provincial Full Parole by Offence Type (%)
Year Sexual Violent Non-Violent
Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov.
2014-15 17 29 27 20 41 39
2015-16 22 48 29 31 46 40
2016-17 26 61 32 28 44 36
2017-18 26 42 34 32 48 41
2018-19 27 42 37 26 46 39
5-Yr. Avg. 23 44 32 27 45 39
Table 93. Grant Rates for Federal and Provincial Full Parole by Indigenous and Non-Indigenous  (%)
Year Indigenous Non-Indigenous
Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov.
2014-15 20 3 35 36
2015-16 25 22 39 41
2016-17 25 19 39 40
2017-18 24 20 43 42
2018-19 28 29 42 37
5-Yr. Avg. 25 21 40 39
Table 94. Grant Rates for Federal and Provincial Full Parole by Gender (%)
Year Male Female
Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov.
2014-15 31 31 51 39
2015-16 36 38 48 46
2016-17 36 36 51 42
2017-18 39 35 52 55
2018-19 38 35 49 33
5-Yr. Avg. 36 35 50 43
Table 95. Grant Rates for Federal Full Parole by Sentence Type
Year Type Determinate Lifers Other Indeterminate
# % # % # %
2014-15 Regular 947 32 106 38 0 0
APR 119 87 - - - -
By exception 1 100 2 50 - -
All 1,067 35 108 38 0 0
2015-16 Regular 1,045 35 109 39 2 1
APR 166 90 - - - -
By exception 3 100 - - - -
All 1,214 39 109 39 2 1
2016-17 Regular 1,254 37 119 43 1 0
APR 122 97 - - - -
By exception - - 1 50 - -
All 1,376 39 120 43 1 0
2017-18 Regular 1,386 39 124 51 5 2
APR 161 98 - - - -
By exception 1 100 0 0 - -
All 1,548 41 124 51 5 2
2018-19 Regular 1,465 40 134 61 2 1
APR 66 99 - - - -
By exception 6 100 - - - -
All 1,537 41 134 61 2 1

Note: Includes only pre-release decisions to grant/direct or deny/not-direct full parole, except APRI not-directed.

Definition: Lifers include those offenders sentenced to life as a minimum sentence or life as a maximum sentence. Other indeterminate includes dangerous offenders, dangerous sexual offenders, habitual criminals, and those offenders who are on Lieutenant Governor Warrants.

Table 96. Residency Conditions on Federal Full Parole by Regular and APR
Type Year Pre-Release Post-Release Total
Imposed Cancelled Imposed Prolonged Removed
Regular 2014-15 16 - 24 6 8 46
2015-16 15 - 37 6 4 58
2016-17 28 - 50 2 10 80
2017-18 34 - 39 3 16 76
2018-19 38 1 57 2 13 94
APR 2014-15 14 - 2 - 5 16
2015-16 11 - 2 - 6 13
2016-17 9 - 4 - 6 13
2017-18 14 - 3 - 1 17
2018-19 6 - 3 - 5 9
All full parole 2014-15 30 - 26 6 13 62
2015-16 26 - 39 6   10 71
2016-17 37 - 55 2   16 94
2017-18 48 - 42 3   18 93
2018-19 42 1 60 2 18 103

Note: Total = (pre-release imposed - cancelled) + (post-release imposed + prolonged).

Table 97. Residency Conditions on Federal Full Parole by Region
Year Region Pre-Release Post-Release
Imposed Cancelled Imposed Prolonged Removed
2014-15 Atlantic 2 - 1 - -
Quebec 9 - 18 6 1
Ontario 15 - 2 - 4
Prairies 1 - 1 - -
Pacific 3 - 4 - 8
Canada 30 - 26 6 13
2015-16 Atlantic 5 - 3 - 1
Quebec 6 - 19 6 1
Ontario 10 - 3 - 5
Prairies - - 4 - 2
Pacific 5 - 10 - 1
Canada 26 - 39 6 10
2016-17 Atlantic 8 - 8 1 1
Quebec 9 - 26 1 3
Ontario 8 - 8 - 8
Prairies 2 - - - 1
Pacific 10 - 13 - 3
Canada 37 - 55 2 16
2017-18 Atlantic 12 - 5 2 4
Quebec 18 - 21 1 2
Ontario 5 - 3 - 4
Prairies 7 - 2 - 5
Pacific 6 - 11 - 3
Canada 48 - 42 3 18
2018-19 Atlantic 8 1 7 - 3
Quebec 21 - 37 2 1
Ontario - - 4 - 5
Prairies 8 - 3 - 4
Pacific 5 - 9 - 5
Canada 42 1 60 2 18
Table 98. Residency Conditions on Federal Full Parole Recommended by CSC (%)
Year Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies Pacific Canada
2014-15 67 63 47 50 29 54
2015-16 88 48 62 75 63 61
2016-17 50 60 31 0 48 49
2017-18 59 77 38 56 71 67
2018-19 67 66 0 42 79 62
5-Yr. Avg. 63 64 41 48 60 59

Note: This percentage is calculated by dividing the number of residency conditions recommended by CSC and which were imposed by the Board by the total number of residency conditions imposed by the Board.

Table 99. Residency Conditions on Federal Full Parole Concordance with CSC (%)
Year Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies Pacific Canada
2014-15 100 94 100 100 67 94
2015-16 100 60 80 100 91 78
2016-17 89 100 83 - 79 90
2017-18 83 91 100 100 86 90
2018-19 83 84 0 83 85 83
5-Yr. Avg. 88 86 86 93 84 86

Note: The concordance rate is calculated by dividing the number of residency conditions imposed by the Board which were recommended by CSC by the number of residency conditions recommended by CSC.

Outcome Rates of Full Parole Supervision Periods

Federal Full Parole: Determinate Sentences

Table 100. Outcome Rates for Federal Full Parole with Determinate Sentences
Outcome 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
# % # % # % # % # %
Successful completions 831 86.9 852 87.4 935 89.6 1,070 90.4 1,172 87.8
Revoked for breach of conditions 88 9.2 88 9.0 75 7.2 83 7.0 131 9.8
Revoked for non-violent offences 36 3.8 28 2.9 28 2.7 26 2.2 27 2.0
Revoked for violent offences 1 0.1 7 0.7 6 0.6 5 0.4 5 0.4
Total revocations with offence 37 3.9 35 3.6 34 3.3 31 2.6 32 2.4
Total completions 956 100 975 100 1,044 100 1,184 100 1,335 100
Table 101. Outcome Rates for Federal Full Parole with Determinate Sentences by Regular and APR
Year Type Successful Completion Revoked for Breach of Conditions Revocations with Offence Total Revocations with Offence Total Completions
Non-Violent Violent
# % # % # % # % # % #
2014-15 Regular 734 86.9 77 9.1 33 3.9 1 0.1 34 4.0 845
APR 97 87.4 11 9.9 3 2.7 0 0.0 3 2.7 111
2015-16 Regular 757 87.5 76 8.8 25 2.9 7 0.8 32 3.7 865
APR 95 86.4 12 10.9 3 2.7 0 0.0 3 2.7 110
2016-17 Regular 846 89.7 65 6.9 27 2.9 5 0.5 32 3.4 943
APR 89 88.1 10 9.9 1 1.0 1 1.0 2 2.0 101
2017-18 Regular 968 90.6 75 7.0 21 2.0 5 0.5 26 2.4 1,069
APR 102 88.7 8 7.0 5 4.3 0 0.0 5 4.3 115
2018-19 Regular 1,054 87.0 126 10.4 26 2.1 5 0.4 31 2.6 1,211
APR 118 95.2 5 4.0 1 0.8 0 0.0 1 0.8 124
Table 102. Outcome Rates for Federal Full Parole with Determinate Sentences for Non-Violent Offences by Regular and APR (from 2014-15 to 2018-19)
Outcome Regular APR
# % # %
Successful completions 2,887 89.3 501 89.3
Revoked for breach of conditions 253 7.8 46 8.2
Revoked for non-violent offences 88 2.7 13 2.3
Revoked for violent offences 4 0.1 1 0.2
Total revocations with offence 92 2.8 14 2.5
Total completions 3,232 100 561 100
Table 103. Outcome Rates for Federal Full Parole with Determinate Sentences by Region
Year Region Successful Completion Revoked for Breach of Conditions Revocations with Offence Total Revocations with Offence Total Completions
Non-Violent Violent
# % # % # % # % # % #
2014-15 Atlantic 148 85.1 20 11.5 6 3.4 0 0.0 6 3.4 174
Quebec 240 90.6 16 6.0 8 3.0 1 0.4 9 3.4 265
Ontario 161 85.6 20 10.6 7 3.7 0 0.0 7 3.7 188
Prairie 208 85.2 25 10.2 11 4.5 0 0.0 11 4.5 244
Pacific 74 87.1 7 8.2 4 4.7 0 0.0 4 4.7 85
2015-16 Atlantic 126 82.9 19 12.5 6 3.9 1 0.7 7 4.6 152
Quebec 232 94.3 9 3.7 3 1.2 2 0.8 5 2.0 246
Ontario 188 88.7 19 9.0 5 2.4 0 0.0 5 2.4 212
Prairie 198 82.5 28 11.7 12 5.0 2 0.8 14 5.8 240
Pacific 108 86.4 13 10.4 2 1.6 2 1.6 4 3.2 125
2016-17 Atlantic 146 81.1 23 12.8 9 5.0 2 1.1 11 6.1 180
Quebec 268 94.7 9 3.2 5 1.8 1 0.4 6 2.1 283
Ontario 204 92.3 11 5.0 4 1.8 2 0.9 6 2.7 221
Prairie 228 89.1 21 8.2 6 2.3 1 0.4 7 2.7 256
Pacific 89 85.6 11 10.6 4 3.8 0 0.0 4 3.8 104
2017-18 Atlantic 173 84.4 24 11.7 8 3.9 0 0.0 8 3.9 205
Quebec 305 93.0 18 5.5 3 0.9 2 0.6 5 1.5 328
Ontario 246 92.8 15 5.7 3 1.1 1 0.4 4 1.5 265
Prairie 257 88.6 20 6.9 12 4.1 1 0.3 13 4.5 290
Pacific 89 92.7 6 6.3 0 0.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 96
2018-19 Atlantic 162 79.4 36 17.6 5 2.5 1 0.5 6 2.9 204
Quebec 325 93.7 16 4.6 5 1.4 1 0.3 6 1.7 347
Ontario 313 89.4 31 8.9 5 1.4 1 0.3 6 1.7 350
Prairie 287 84.4 41 12.1 11 3.2 1 0.3 12 3.5 340
Pacific 85 90.4 7 7.4 1 1.1 1 1.1 2 2.1 94
Table 104. Outcome Rates for Federal Full Parole with Determinate Sentences by Offence Type (%)
Offence Type Year Successful Completion Revoked for Breach of Conditions Revocations with Offence Total Revocations with Offence Total Completions (#)
Non-Violent Violent
Sexual 2014-15 94.2 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 69
2015-16 93.9 3.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 66
2016-17 94.6 4.3 0.0 1.1 1.1 92
2017-18 93.0 5.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 100
2018-19 93.2 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 132
Violent 2014-15 84.8 10.8 4.5 0.0 4.5 223
2015-16 82.1 11.3 4.2 2.4 6.6 212
2016-17 87.2 8.3 3.7 0.9 4.6 218
2017-18 86.1 10.6 2.2 1.1 3.3 274
2018-19 80.3 14.9 3.5 1.3 4.8 315
Non-Violent 2014-15 86.9 9.0 3.9 0.2 4.1 664
2015-16 88.4 8.9 2.7 0.0 2.7 697
2016-17 89.6 7.2 2.7 0.4 3.1 734
2017-18 91.5 6.0 2.5 0.0 2.5 810
2018-19 89.6 8.4 1.8 0.1 1.9 888
Table 105. Outcome Rates for Federal Full Parole with Determinate Sentences by Indigenous and Non-Indigenous
Year Ind./N-Ind. Successful Completion Revoked for Breach of Conditions Revocations with Offence Total Revocations with Offence Total Completions
Non-Violent Violent
# % # % # % # % # % #
2014-15 Ind. 73 83.9 11 12.6 3 3.4 0 0.0 3 3.4 87
N-Ind. 758 87.2 77 8.9 33 3.8 1 0.1 34 3.9 869
2015-16 Ind. 64 80.0 12 15.0 1 1.3 3 3.8 4 5.0 80
N-Ind. 788 88.0 76 8.5 27 3.0 4 0.4 31 3.5 895
2016-17 Ind. 90 88.2 4 3.9 7 6.9 1 1.0 8 7.8 102
N-Ind. 845 89.7 71 7.5 21 2.2 5 0.5 26 2.8 942
2017-18 Ind. 95 81.2 16 13.7 5 4.3 1 0.9 6 5.1 117
N-Ind. 975 91.4 67 6.3 21 2.0 4 0.4 25 2.3 1,067
2018-19 Ind. 107 78.1 25 18.2 3 2.2 2 1.5 5 3.6 137
N-Ind. 1,065 88.9 106 8.8 24 2.0 3 0.3 27 2.3 1,198
Table 106. Outcome Rates for Federal Full Parole with Determinate Sentences by Gender
Year Gender Successful Completion Revoked for Breach of Conditions Revocations with Offence Total Revocations with Offence Total Completions
Non-Violent Violent
# % # % # % # % # % #
2014-15 Male 764 86.5 83 9.4 35 4.0 1 0.1 36 4.1 883
Female 67 91.8 5 6.8 1 1.4 0 0.0 1 1.4 73
2015-16 Male 783 87.6 79 8.8 25 2.8 7 0.8 32 3.6 894
Female 69 85.2 9 11.1 3 3.7 0 0.0 3 3.7 81
2016-17 Male 838 89.5 65 6.9 27 2.9 6 0.6 33 3.5 936
Female 97 89.8 10 9.3 1 0.9 0 0.0 1 0.9 108
2017-18 Male 952 90.0 78 7.4 23 2.2 5 0.5 28 2.6 1,058
Female 118 93.7 5 4.0 3 2.4 0 0.0 3 2.4 126
2018-19 Male 1,030 87.7 118 10.0 23 2.0 4 0.3 27 2.3 1,175
Female 142 88.8 13 8.1 4 2.5 1 0.6 5 3.1 160

Federal Full Parole: Indeterminate Sentences

Table 107. Outcome of Full Parole for Offenders with Indeterminate Sentences (between April 1, 1994 and March 31, 2019)
Time Under Supervision Still Supervised* Successful Completion Revocations for Breach of Conditions Revocations with Non-Violent Offence Revocations with Violent Offence Total
# % # % # % # % # % # %
0 - 3 mths 32 2.1 30 8.5 9 2.0 1 0.7 0 0.0 72 2.9
>3-6 mths 31 2.1 18 5.1 19 4.2 5 3.4 4 5.8 77 3.1
>6 mths-1 yr 65 4.3 21 5.9 51 11.4 10 6.8 6 8.7 153 6.1
>1-2 yrs 121 8.0 35 9.9 74 16.5 24 16.4 9 13.0 263 10.4
>2-3 yrs 106 7.0 24 6.8 71 15.8 24 16.4 12 17.4 237 9.4
>3-4 yrs 101 6.7 28 7.9 58 12.9 15 10.3 5 7.2 207 8.2
>4-5 yrs 65 4.3 22 6.2 32 7.1 11 7.5 6 8.7 136 5.4
>5-10 yrs 287 19.1 81 22.8 95 21.2 41 28.1 18 26.1 522 20.7
>10-15 yrs 276 18.3 55 15.5 30 6.7 12 8.2 7 10.1 380 15.1
>15 yrs 422 28.0 41 11.5 9 2.0 3 2.1 2 2.9 477 18.9
Total 1,506 100 355 100 448 100 146 100 69 100 2,524 100
Average length of full parole 9.9 Yrs 6.6 Yrs 4.1 Yrs 4.7 Yrs 4.8 Yrs 8.0 Yrs

*Includes offenders who were deported/extradited following their release on full parole.

Note: Offenders serving indeterminate sentences do not have a warrant expiry date and can only successfully complete full parole upon their death.

Table 108. Full Parole Revocation Rates for Offenders with Indeterminate Sentences (between April 1, 1994 and March 31, 2019)
Time Under Supervision Population Total Revocations Revocations with Offence
Total Population* Currently on Full Parole* Revocations for Breach of Conditions and with Offence Total Revocations with Offence Revocations with Violent Offence
# % # % # % # %
>15 years 477 88.5 14 2.9 5 1.0 2 0.4
>10 years 857 81.4 63 7.4 24 2.8 9 1.1
>5 years 1,379 71.4 217 15.7 83 6.0 27 2.0
>4 years 1,515 69.3 266 17.6 100 6.6 33 2.2
>3 years 1,722 66.8 344 20.0 120 7.0 38 2.2
>2 years 1,959 64.2 451 23.0 156 8.0 50 2.6
>1 year 2,222 62.0 558 25.1 189 8.5 59 2.7
Total 2,524 59.7 663 26.3 215 8.5 69 2.7

*Includes offenders who were deported/extradited following their release on full parole.

Table 109. Likelihood of Successful Completion Compared to Being Revoked for an Offence for Full Parolees Serving Indeterminate Sentences (between April 1, 1994 and March 31, 2019)
Time Under Supervision Successful Completion Total Revocations with Offence Likelihood of Successful Completion Compared to Committing a New Offence Revocations with Violent Offence Likelihood of Successful Completion Compared to Committing a Violent Offence
>5 years 177 83 2.1 27 6.6
>4 years 199 100 2.0 33 6.0
>3 years 227 120 1.9 38 6.0
>2 years 251 156 1.6 50 5.0
>1 year 286 189 1.5 59 4.8
Total 355 215 1.7 69 5.1

Note: Offenders serving indeterminate sentences do not have a warrant expiry date and can only successfully complete full parole upon their death.

Provincial Full Parole

Table 110. Outcome Rates for Provincial Full Parole
Outcome 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
# % # % # % # % # %
Successful completions 84 87.5 79 85.9 79 91.9 107 95.5 110 92.4
Revoked for breach of conditions 11 11.5 11 12.0 7 8.1 5 4.5 9 7.6
Revoked for non-violent offences 1 1.0 1 1.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Revoked for violent offences 0 0.0 1 1.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total revocations with offence 1 1.0 2 2.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total completions 96 100 92 100 86 100 112 100 119 100
Table 111. Outcome Rates for Provincial Full Parole by Region
Year Region Successful Completion Revoked for Breach of Conditions Revocations with Offence Total Revocations with Offence Total Completions
Non-Violent Violent
# % # % # % # % # % #
2014-15 Atlantic 30 85.7 4 11.4 1 2.9 0 0.0 1 2.9 35
Quebec 2 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2
Ontario 1 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1
Prairie 22 95.7 1 4.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 23
Pacific 29 82.9 6 17.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 35
2015-16 Atlantic 42 82.4 7 13.7 1 2.0 1 2.0 2 3.9 51
Ontario 3 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3
Prairie 8 88.9 1 11.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 9
Pacific 26 89.7 3 10.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 29
2016-17 Atlantic 36 92.3 3 7.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 39
Quebec 1 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1
Prairie 20 90.9 2 9.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 22
Pacific 22 91.7 2 8.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 24
2017-18 Atlantic 39 97.5 1 2.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 40
Quebec 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2
Ontario 4 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4
Prairie 31 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 31
Pacific 32 91.4 3 8.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 35
2018-19 Atlantic 25 86.2 4 13.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 29
Quebec 4 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4
Ontario 2 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2
Prairie 27 90.0 3 10.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 30
Pacific 52 96.3 2 3.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 54

Note: Cases in the Ontario and Quebec regions were regional transfers, cases of exchange of service, etc.

Table 112. Outcome Rates for Provincial Full Parole by Offence Type (from 2014-15 to 2018-19)
Outcome Sexual Violent Non-Violent
# % # % # %
Successful completions 62 96.9 114 91.2 283 89.6
Revoked for breach of conditions 2 3.1 11 8.8 30 9.5
Revoked for non-violent offences 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.6
Revoked for violent offences 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.3
Total revocations with offence 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 0.9
Total completions 64 100 125 100 316 100
Table 113. Outcome Rates for Provincial Full Parole by Indigenous and Non-Indigenous (from 2013-14 to 2018-19)
Outcome Indigenous Non-Indigenous
# % # %
Successful completions 33 86.8 426 91.2
Revoked for breach of conditions 5 13.2 38 8.1
Revoked for non-violent offences 0 0.0 2 0.4
Revoked for violent offences 0 0.0 1 0.2
Total revocations with offence 0 0.0 3 0.6
Total completions 38 100 467 100
Table 114. Outcome Rates for Provincial Full Parole by Gender (from 2014-15 to 2018-19)
Outcome Male Female
# % # %
Successful completions 385 90.0 74 96.1
Revoked for breach of conditions 40 9.3 3 3.9
Revoked for non-violent offences 2 0.5 0 0
Revoked for violent offences 1 0.2 0 0
Total revocations with offence 3 0.7 0 0
Total completions 428 100 77 100

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