Conditional Release and Performance – Long-Term Supervision

Official Title: Performance Monitoring Report 2018-2019, Conditional Release and Performance – Long-Term Supervision
From: Parole Board of Canada

Long-Term Supervision

The court may impose a Long-Term Supervision Order (LTSO), not exceeding 10 years, if it is satisfied that it would be appropriate to impose a sentence of two years or more for the offence of which the offender had been convicted, there is substantial risk that the offender will reoffend, and there is a reasonable possibility of eventual control of the risk in the community.

The Board may establish conditions for the long-term supervision of an offender that are considered reasonable and necessary in order to protect society and to facilitate the successful reintegration of the offender into society. A long-term supervision order, unlike other forms of conditional release, cannot be revoked by the Board. However, the Board can recommend that charges be laid under the Criminal Code if the offender has demonstrated by his/her behaviour that he/she presents a substantial risk to the community because of a failure to comply with one or more conditions.

  • On April 7, 2019, 923 offenders had long-term offender designations, which amounts to 3.9% of the total offender population. Of those, 347 offenders with long-term offender designations were still incarcerated; 87 were on statutory release and two were on day parole prior to the commencement of their LTSOs; 479 were in the community under long-term supervision orders and eight had been deported upon their release on LTS.

Since 2000, when the first offender was released on a long-term supervision order, the long-term population in the community has been for the most part constantly increasing. In 2018-19, the long-term population in the community dropped by eight to reach 487 compared to the previous year. Forty-two (42) offenders were released at warrant expiry on long‑term supervision orders in 2018-19 and 26 were released on long‑term supervision orders after reaching warrant expiry on conditional release.

  • In 2018-19, the long-term supervision population increased in the Quebec (+2) and Ontario (+2) regions, decreased in the Atlantic (-4) and Pacific (-8) regions and remained the same in the Prairie region.
  • On April 7, 2019, 62% of federal offenders on long-term supervision were those sentenced for sexual offences, 37% were those sentenced for violent offences and 2% were those sentenced for non‑violent offences.
  • Twenty-eight percent (28%) of offenders on LTSO were Indigenous.
  • Male offenders represented 97% of the long-term supervision population in 2018-19.
  • The Board rendered 614 decisions for offenders on long-term supervision orders in 2018-19, seven more than the previous year.
  • Following a policy change in 2016 to increase the maximum period of a residency condition to 365 days, the number of post-release residency conditions imposed and prolonged for offenders with long-term supervision orders decreased in 2016-17 by 43% (from 338 in 2015-16 to 194 in 2016-17). The numbers started stabilizing in 2017-18, reporting a modest increase (from 194 in 2016-17 to 216 in 2017-18). The numbers decreased by 20% in the pre-release category in 2016-17 (from 74 in 2015-16 to 59 in 2016-17) and increased the following year to 70. In 2018-19, the number of post-release residency conditions decreased by 2% to 211 while an increase was reported in the pre-release category (to 72; +3%).

Figure 34. Long-Term Supervision Population

Long-Term Supervision Population
Text equivalent of Figure 34. Long-Term Supervision Population
Year Atlantic Quebec  Ontario Prairies Pacific
2009-2010 14 78 81 55 42
2010-2011 15 93 81 58 52
2011-2012 17 105 96 57 59
2012-2013 18 123 105 56 64
2013-2014 18 135 115 56 64
2014-2015 13 121 113 59 66
2015-2016 15 139 143 60 91
2016-2017 17 150 152 61 88
2017-2018 17 159 159 75 85
2018-2019 13 161 161 75 77
Table 142. Long-Term Supervision Population
Year Atlantic Quebec Ontario Prairies Pacific Canada
Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov. Fed. Prov.
2009-10 14 - 78 - 81 - 55 - 42 - 270 -
2010-11 15 - 93 - 81 - 58 - 52 - 299 -
2011-12 17 - 105 - 96 - 57 - 59 - 334 -
2012-13 18 - 123 - 105 - 56 - 64 - 366 -
2013-14 18 - 135 - 115 - 56 - 64 - 388 -
2014-15 13 - 121 - 113 - 58 1 66 - 371 1
2015-16 15 - 138 1 143 - 60 - 91 - 447 1
2016-17 17 - 150 - 152 - 61 - 83 - 463 -
2017-18 17 - 159 - 159 - 75 - 85 - 495 -
2018-19 13 - 161 - 161 - 75 - 77 - 487 -

Note: Excluded as of April 7, 2019, were 3 LTSOs who were UAL (Prairie 2, Pacific 1).

Table 143. Total Long-Term Supervision Population by Indigenous and Non-Indigenous
Year Indigenous Non-Indigenous
# % # %
2014-15 97 26 275 74
2015-16 124 28 324 72
2016-17 124 27 339 73
2017-18 135 27 360 73
2018-19 134 28 353 72
5-Yr. Avg. 123 27 330 73
Table 144. Total Long-Term Supervision Population by Offence Type
Year Sexual Violent Non-Violent
# % # % # %
2014-15 251 67 113 30 8 2
2015-16 298 67 144 32 6 1
2016-17 302 65 154 33 7 2
2017-18 313 63 171 35 11 2
2018-19 300 62 178 37 9 2
5-Yr. Avg. 293 65 152 34 8 2
Table 145. Federal and Provincial Long-Term Supervision Decisions
Year Pre-Release Post-Release Total
Change Condition Other Change Condition Suspension Other
2014-15 92 1 414 42 109 658
2015-16 89 1 449 56 132 727
2016-17 67 - 314 83 116 580
2017-18 82 1 339 70 115 607
2018-19 83 - 332 60 139 614
5-Yr. Avg. 83 1 370 62 122 637

Note: 'Other' includes the decisions of no action, laying of information recommended and panel hearing ordered.

Table 146. Residency Conditions on Federal and Provincial Long-Term Supervision
Year Pre-Release Post-Release

Total

Imposed Prolonged Imposed Prolonged Removed
2014-15 76 4 57 273 6 410
2015-16 71 3 51 287 6 412
2016-17 57 2 33 161 8 253
2017-18 67 3 47 169 9 286
2018-19 67 5 56 155 16 283
5-Yr. Avg. 68 3 49 209 9 329

Note: Total = (pre-release imposed + pre-release prolonged) + (post-release imposed + post-release prolonged).

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