Footnotes: Evaluation of the Federal Initiative to Address HIV/AIDS in Canada 2008–09 to 2012–13

Footnotes

Footnote i

Please note that, effective April 1, 2013, OIA's roles under the Global Engagement Component were transferred to the Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control's Partnerships and Programs Division. OIA is no longer engaged in the Federal Initiative.

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Footnote ii

Please note that the Canadian International Development Agency and the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade have been merged to form the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada.

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Footnote iii

The evaluation focused on access, and not the effectiveness of each treatment or tool.

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Footnote iv

MSM – Men who have sex with men

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Footnote v

Treatment as prevention refers to the fact that the treatment for HIV lowers a person's viral load which lowers the risk of transmission, thereby using HIV treatment to prevent transmission of the virus.

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Footnote vi

Public Health Agency of Canada research refers to public health research that applies to the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, whereas the types of research conducted by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research refers to biomedical and clinical research; health services and population health research, community-based research; and Canadian HIV Trials research.

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Footnote vii

This also responds to outcome #7 (Internationally informed federal response) in section 4.4.2.

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Footnote viii

Survey respondents included researchers, research-involved collaborators, research users and students/trainees/learners.

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Footnote ix

Two-spirited refers to a person who has both a masculine and a feminine spirit, and is used by some First Nations people to describe their sexual, gender and/or spiritual identity. (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Two-Spirit Community, 2013).

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End Notes

Footnote 1

Kingston-Riechers. J. (2011). The Economic Cost of HIV/AIDS in Canada. Retrieved on June 26, 2013, from http://www.cdnaids.ca/files.nsf/pages/economiccostofhiv-aidsincanada/$file/Economic%20Cost%20of%20HIV-AIDS%20in%20Canada.pdf

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Footnote 2

Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat. (2013-08). The Federal Initiative to Address HIV/AIDS in Canada: Plans, Spending and Results. Retrieved on July 9, 2013, from http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/hidb-bdih/initiative-eng.aspx?Hi=25

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Footnote 3

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2012). At a Glance - HIV and AIDS in Canada: Surveillance Report to December 31st, 2011. Retrieved on August 1, 2013 from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/aids-sida/publication/survreport/2011/dec/index-eng.php

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Footnote 4

UNAIDS. (2012). Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2012: United States of America Country. Progress Report. Retrieved on July 30, 2013, from http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/ ce_US_Narrative_Report.pdf

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Footnote 5

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2012). At a Glance - HIV and AIDS in Canada: Surveillance Report to December 31st, 2011. Retrieved on August 1, 2013, from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/aids-sida/publication/survreport/2011/dec/index-eng.php

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Footnote 6

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Estimated HIV Incidence in the United States, 2007–2010: HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report 2012;17 (No. 4). Retrieved on July 30, 2013, from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_hssr_vol_17_no_4.pdf

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Footnote 7

Health Protection Agency. (2012). HIV in the United Kingdom: 2012 Report. Retrieved on August 2, 2013, from http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1317137200016

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Footnote 8

The Kirby Institute, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW. (2011). National Blood-borne Virus and Sexually Transmissible Infections Surveillance and Monitoring Report. Retrieved on August 2, 2013, from
http://www.kirby.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/hiv/resources/nbbvSti_monitoringReport.pdf

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Footnote 9

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2012). Estimates of HIV Incidence and Prevalence in Canada 2011. Retrieved on July 30, 2013, from

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Footnote 10

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). HIV Surveillance Report, 2011; vol. 23. Retrieved on July 30, 2013, from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_2011_HIV_Surveillance_Report_vol_23.pdf#Page=17

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Footnote 11

Public Health England. (2012). HIV in the United Kingdom: 2012 Overview. Retrieved on August 2, 2013, from http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1317137200234

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Footnote 12

The Kirby Institute, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW. (2012). HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia Annual Surveillance Report 2012. Retrieved on August 2, 2013, from http://www.kirby.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/hiv/resources/2012AnnualSurvReport.pdf

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Footnote 13

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2012). Estimates of HIV Incidence and Prevalence in Canada 2011. Retrieved on July 30, 2013, from

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Footnote 14

Health Protection Agency. (2010). HIV in the United Kingdom: 2010 Report. Health Protection Report 2010 4(47). Retrieved on August 2, 2013, from http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1287145367237

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Footnote 15

The Kirby Institute, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW.(2011). National Blood-borne Virus and Sexually Transmissible Infections Surveillance and Monitoring Report, 2011. Retrieved on August 2, 2013, from
http://www.kirby.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/hiv/resources/nbbvSti_monitoringReport.pdf

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Footnote 16

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2012). Estimates of HIV Incidence and Prevalence in Canada 2011. Retrieved on July 30, 2013, from

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Footnote 17

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). HIV Surveillance - Epidemiology of HIV Infection (through 2011). Retrieved on July 30, 2013, from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/slideSets/index.html

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Footnote 18

Health Protection Agency. (2012). HIV in the United Kingdom: 2012 Report. Retrieved on August 2, 2013, from http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1317137200016

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Footnote 19

The Kirby Institute, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW. (2012). HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia Annual Surveillance Report 2012. Retrieved on August 2013, from http://www.kirby.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/hiv/resources/2012AnnualSurvReport.pdf

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2012). Summary: Estimates of HIV Prevalence and Incidence in Canada, 2011. Retrieved on July 31, 2013, from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/aids-sida/publication/survreport/assets/pdf/estimat2011-eng.pdf

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Footnote 22

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Footnote 23

CATIE. (2013-11). The epidemiology of HIV in Canada. Retrieved on November 22, 2013, from http://www.catie.ca/en/fact-sheets/epidemiology/epidemiology-hiv-canada

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Footnote 24

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010-07). HIV/AIDS Epi Update: HIV/AIDS Among Aboriginal People in Canada. Retrieved on August 16, 2013, from

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Footnote 25

Statistics Canada. (2013). 2011 National Household Survey: Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: First Nations People, Métis and Inuit. Retrieved on August 1, 2013, from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508a-eng.pdf

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Footnote 26

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Footnote 27

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010). Population-Specific HIV/AIDS Status Report: Aboriginal Peoples. Chapter 3 – Status of the Concentrated HIV/AIDS Epidemic among Aboriginal Peoples. Retrieved on August 1, 2013, from

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Footnote 28

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010-07). HIV/AIDS Epi Update: Perinatal HIV Transmission in Canada. Retrieved on August 14, 2013, from

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Footnote 29

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2009). Population-Specific HIV/AIDS Status Report: People from Countries where HIV is Endemic - Black people of African and Caribbean descent living in Canada. Chapter 3 - Status of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic Among People From Countries Where HIV is Endemic. Retrieved on August 1, 2013, from

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Footnote 30

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2012). Focusing on key populations in Canada. Fact Sheet: People in Prison. Retrieved on August 1, 2013 from

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Footnote 31

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2013-11). Fact Sheet – Youth at-Risk. Retrieved on November 6, 2013, from

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Footnote 32

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010). HIV and AIDS in Canada: Surveillance Reports. Surveillance Report to December 31, 2009. Retrieved on August 1, 2013, from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/aids-sida/publication/survreport/2009/dec/1-eng.php#table4a

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Footnote 33

G8/2006 Russia. (2006-07-16). Fight against infectious diseases. Retrieved on August 2, 2013, from http://en.g8russia.ru/docs/10.html

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Footnote 34

Government of Canada. (2000). Canadian Institutes of Health Research Act. Retrieved on August 2, 2013, from http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/C-18.1.pdf

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Footnote 35

World Health Organization. (2011). Global health sector strategy on HIV/AIDS 2011-2015. Retrieved on December 31, 2013, from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501651_eng.pdf

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Footnote 36

Sonneberg, P. et al. (2005-01-15). How Soon after Infection with HIV Does the Risk of Tuberculosis Start to Increase? A Retrospective Cohort Study in South African Gold Miners. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 191(2), 150-8.

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Footnote 37

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008-11-07). Recommendations for Partner Services Programs for HIV Infection, Syphilis, Gonorrhea, and Chlamydial Infection. Retrieved on August 2, 2013, from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5709a1.htm

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Footnote 38

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2012). Behavioural and biological surveillance of key populations in Canada: Monitoring trends in the prevalence of HIV, other sexually transmitted/blood-borne infections (STBBI), and associated risk factors. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://pag.aids2012.org/EPosterHandler.axd?aid=13790

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Footnote 39

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2011-11). M-Track: Enhanced Surveillance of HIV, Sexually Transmitted and Blood-borne Infections, and Associated Risk Behaviours Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Canada. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://library.catie.ca/pdf/ATI-20000s/26403.pdf

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Footnote 40

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2011-05). Summary of key findings from an internal assessment of M-Track (Phase 1 and 2): An enhanced surveillance system of HIV and other sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections among men who have sex with men in Canada.

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Footnote 41

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2013-02). Evaluation of Community Associated Infections Prevention and Control Activities at the Public Health Agency of Canada. Retrieved on July 25, 2013, from

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Footnote 42

CATIE. (2012-04). Federal Initiative to Address HIV/AIDS in Canada Knowledge Exchange Fund: Evaluation of CATIE's Project – Building Excellence in HIV Knowledge Exchange April 1, 2008 to March 31, 2012.

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Footnote 43

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Footnote 44

CATIE. (2011). Moving Knowledge into Action: An evaluation of the impact of CATIE's Programs, Services and Resources for front line workers in Canada. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://www.catie.ca/sites/default/files/Integrated_report_FINAL_To%20PHAC_0.pdf

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Footnote 45

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2012-12-19). Population-Specific HIV/AIDS Status Report – Study.

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Footnote 46

Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2013-07). About Us. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/37792.html

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Footnote 47

Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2013-07). Funding Overview. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/37788.html

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Footnote 48

Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2008). HIV/AIDS Research Initiative Strategic Plan 2008-2013. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/documents/hiv_strat_plan_0813_e.pdf

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Footnote 49

Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2013). Evaluation of the CIHR Clinical Trials Network in HIV/AIDS Program.

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Footnote 50

Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2013). Evaluation of the CIHR Clinical Trials Network in HIV/AIDS Program.

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Footnote 51

EKOS Research Associates Inc. (2006). Aboriginal HIV/AIDS/STIS/Hep C Attitudinal Survey 2006 Final Report. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://www.ekos.com/admin/articles/038-12.pdf

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Footnote 52

Correctional Service Canada. (2010-03). Summary of Emerging Findings from the 2007
National Inmate Infectious Diseases and Risk-Behaviours Survey. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2010/scc-csc/PS83-3-211-eng.pdf

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Footnote 53

Correctional Service Canada. (2013-07). The Relationship between Knowledge of HIV and HCV, Health Education, and Risk and Harm-Reducing Behaviours among Canadian Federal Inmates. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/research/r195-eng.shtml#_Toc277150667

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Footnote 54

Correctional Service Canada. (2009). Enhancing Infectious Disease Peer Education for Federal Offenders in Canada.

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Footnote 55

Correctional Service Canada. (2012-05). CHIPs Feedback Survey Summary.

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Footnote 56

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2013-02). Evaluation of Community Associated Infections Prevention and Control Activities at the Public Health Agency of Canada. Retrieved on July 25, 2013, from

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Footnote 57

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2013-02-28). Outcome Assessment of the AIDS Community Action Program (ACAP): Final Report.

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Footnote 58

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Footnote 59

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Footnote 60

Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2013-07). About the HIV/AIDS Community-based Research Program. Retrieved on July 25, 2013, from http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/40943.html

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Footnote 61

Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2011-01). Enhancing capacity-building in community-based research. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/43703.html

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Footnote 62

Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2009-03-18). Evaluation of CIHR's Community-based Research Program: Final Report.

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Footnote 63

Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2013). Evaluation of the CIHR Clinical Trials Network in HIV/AIDS Program.

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Footnote 64

Health Canada. (2010-11-23). Communicable Disease Control Cluster Evaluation Final Report.

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Footnote 65

Correctional Service Canada. (2007-06). Commissioner's Directive 821 – Management of Infectious Diseases. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/plcy/cdshtm/b181-821-eng.shtml

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Footnote 66

Correctional Service Canada. (2013-07). A Program for Every Inmate: Meeting Specific Needs. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/educational-resources/092/ens-tea-mod7-eng.pdf

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Footnote 67

Correctional Service Canada. (2011). Public Health in Federal Corrections Newsletter.

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Footnote 68

Health Canada. (2010-11-23). Communicable Disease Control Cluster Evaluation Final Report.

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Footnote 69

Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2013-06). Mid-term Evaluation of CIHR's Centres for Population Health and Health Services Research Development in HIV/AIDS Program. Retrieved on November 6, 2013, from http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/47184.html

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Footnote 70

Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2013). Evaluation of the CIHR Clinical Trials Network in HIV/AIDS Program (2013), CIHR Evaluation Branch

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Footnote 71

Health Canada. (2010-11-23). Communicable Disease Control Cluster Evaluation Final Report.

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Footnote 72

World Health Organization. (2013-12). Social Determinants of Health. Retrieved on December 31, 2013, from http://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/

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Footnote 73

Canadian AIDS Society. (2012-04). Social Determinants of Health and Women's Vulnerability to HIV in Canada. Retrieved on December 31, 2013, from http://www.cdnaids.ca/files.nsf/pages/sdohandwomensvulnerability/$file/SDOH%20and%20Women's%20Vulnerability.pdf

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Footnote 74

Canadian Public Health Association. (2013-12). What makes people vulnerable to HIV infection? Retrieved on December 31, 2013, from http://www.cpha.ca/en/portals/hiv/article05.aspx

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Footnote 75

United Nations. (2005). HIV-Related Stigma, Discrimination and Human Rights Violations: Case studies of successful programs. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from https://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/dataimport/publications/irc-pub06/jc999-humrightsviol_en.pdf

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Footnote 76

United Nations. (2005-04). HIV-Related Stigma, Discrimination and Human Rights Violations: Case studies of successful programs. Retrieved on July 25, 2013, from https://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/dataimport/publications/irc-pub06/jc999-humrightsviol_en.pdf

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Footnote 77

United Nations General Assembly. (2006-03-24). Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS: five years later. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/dataimport/pub/report/2006/20060324_sgreport_ga_a60737_en.pdf

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Footnote 78

United Nations General Assembly. (2011-07-08). Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Intensifying our Efforts to Eliminate HIV and AIDS. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/document/2011/06/20110610_UN_A-RES-65-277_en.pdf

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Footnote 79

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2013-02-28). Outcome Assessment of the AIDS Community Action Program (ACAP): Final Report.

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Footnote 80

Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2009-03-18). Evaluation of CIHR's Community-based Research Program: Final Report.

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Footnote 81

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Footnote 82

EKOS Research Associates Inc. (2012-02-16). 2012 HIV/AIDS Attitudinal Tracking Survey Final Report.

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Footnote 83

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010). Population-Specific HIV/AIDS Status Report: Aboriginal Peoples. Retrieved on July 26, 2013, from

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Footnote 84

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2013-02-28). Outcome Assessment of the AIDS Community Action Program (ACAP): Final Report.

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Footnote 85

The White House. (2010-07). National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/NHAS.pdf

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Footnote 86

US Department of Health and Human Services : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Program Collaboration and Service Integration : Enhancing the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis in the United States. An NCHHSTP White Paper, 2009. http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/programintegration/docs/207181-C_NCHHSTP_PCSI%20WhitePaper-508c.pdf

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Footnote 87

Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations. (2013-11). About Us. Retrieved on November 1, 2013, from http://www.afao.org.au/home

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Footnote 88

Correctional Service Canada. (2011). Public Health in Federal Corrections. Correctional Service Canada's Infectious Diseases Newsletter (Vol.8, No.1,Winter 2011).

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Footnote 89

Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat. 2011. Performance Reporting: Good Practices Handbook 2011. Retrieved on August 23, 2013 from: http://publiservice.tbs-sct.gc.ca/est-pre/publi/guides/gph-gbppr-eng.asp?format=print

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Footnote 90

Kingston-Riechers, J. (2011). The Economic Cost of HIV/AIDS in Canada. Retrieved on June 26, 2013, from http://www.cdnaids.ca/files.nsf/pages/economiccostofhiv-aidsincanada/$file/Economic%20Cost%20of%20HIV-AIDS%20in%20Canada.pdf

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Footnote 91

Ontario AIDS Network. (2012). Economic Evaluation and Impact of Community-based HIV Prevention Programs in Ontario from 2001 to 2009. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://www.ontarioaidsnetwork.on.ca/ upload_image/documents/economic_-evaluation.pdf

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Footnote 92

New South Wales Department of Health. (2013). The Impact of HIV/AIDS in NSW Mortality, Morbidity and Economic Impact. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/resources/publichealth/sexualhealth/impactstatement_pdf.asp

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Footnote 93

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008-11). Federal Initiative to Address HIV/AIDS in Canada: Implementation Evaluation Report. Retrieved on July 23, 2013, from

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Footnotes: Evaluation of the Federal Initiative to Address HIV/AIDS in Canada 2008–09 to 2012–13

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