Appendix B: The Chief Public Health Officer's Report on the State of Public Health in Canada 2014 – Definitions and data sources for indicators

A-Z

A C D E F G H I L M N O P R S T U V

Appendix B: Definitions and Data Sources for Indicators

– A –

Aboriginal peoples (2011)^{Footnote 596}

The collective name for the original peoples of North America and their descendants. The Constitution Act (1982) recognizes three groups of Aboriginal peoples-Indians, Inuit and Métis.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013). Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: First Nations People, Métis and Inuit. (Ottawa: Statistics Canada).

First Nations (single identity) (2011)^{Footnote 9,Footnote 596}

A term commonly used in the 1970s to replace "Indian." Although the term First Nation is now widely used, no legal definition of it exists. Among its uses, the term "First Nations peoples" refers to the Indian peoples in Canada, both Status and Non-Status. Single identity refers to those people who reported identifying solely as First Nations.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013). Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: First Nations People, Métis and Inuit. (Ottawa: Statistics Canada).

Inuit (single identity) (2011)^{Footnote 9,Footnote 596}

The Aboriginal people of Arctic Canada who live primarily in Nunavut, the Northwest Territories and northern parts of Labrador and Quebec. Single identity refers to those people who reported identifying solely as Inuit.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013). Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: First Nations People, Métis and Inuit. (Ottawa: Statistics Canada).

Métis (single identity) (2011)^{Footnote 9,Footnote 596}

People with mixed First Nations and European ancestry who identify themselves as distinct from Indian people, Inuit or non-Aboriginal people. Single identity refers to those people who reported identifying solely as Métis.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013). Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: First Nations People, Métis and Inuit. (Ottawa: Statistics Canada).

Multiple Aboriginal identity (2011)^{Footnote 597}

People who identify themselves with more than one Aboriginal group.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013). Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: First Nations People, Métis and Inuit. (Ottawa: Statistics Canada).

Other Aboriginal identities (2011)^{Footnote 9}

Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013). Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: First Nations People, Métis and Inuit. (Ottawa: Statistics Canada).

Alcohol use or dependence (2012)^{Footnote 44}

Population aged 15 years and over classified as meeting criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence in the 12 months before the interview.

Alcohol dependence is characterized by a recurrent pattern of use where at least three of the following occur in the same 12-month period: increased tolerance, withdrawal, increased consumption, unsuccessful attempts to quit, a lot of time lost recovering or using, reduced activities, and continued drinking despite persistent physical or psychological problems caused or intensified by alcohol.

Alcohol abuse is characterized by a recurrent pattern of use where at least one of the following occurs: failure to fulfill major roles at work, school or home; use in physically hazardous situations; recurrent alcohol-related problems or continued use despite social or interpersonal problems caused or intensified by alcohol. By definition, people who meet the criteria for alcohol dependence are excluded from meeting the criteria for alcohol abuse.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-09-17). Table 105-1101 - Mental Health Profile, Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health (CCHS), by age group and sex, Canada and provinces, occasional (number), CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (2011)^{Footnote 81}

Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative disease of the brain with characteristic pathological features and is the most common form of dementia. Dementia is a syndrome characterized by loss of memory, the ability to think, as well as changes in mood, behaviour and ability to communicate. Other common types of dementia include vascular dementia, front temporal dementia, or Lewy body dementia, each with distinct clinical and pathological features. In this report, the term ‘other dementias’ includes these forms as well as instances of dementia not classified by type.

Data source
Public Health Agency of Canada. (2014). Mapping Connections: An Understanding of Neurological Conditions in Canada. (Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada).

Anxiety disorder, generalized (2012)^{Footnote 44}

Population aged 15 years and over classified as meeting criteria for generalized anxiety disorder in the 12 months before the interview. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by a pattern of frequent, persistent worry and excessive anxiety about several events or activities during a period of at least 6 months. Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder include restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge, being easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, shakiness, sleep disturbance (difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep or restless, unsatisfying sleep), excessive sweating, palpitations, shortness of breath and various gastrointestinal symptoms.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-09-17). Table 105-1101 - Mental Health Profile, Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health (CCHS), by age group and sex, Canada and provinces, occasional (number), CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Arthritis (2012)^{Footnote 468}

Population aged 15 years and over who reported that they have been diagnosed by a health professional as having arthritis. Arthritis includes rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, but excludes fibromyalgia.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-06-17). Table 105-0501 - Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2012 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional, CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Asthma (2012)^{Footnote 468}

Population aged 12 years and over who reported that they have been diagnosed by a health professional as having asthma.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-06-17). Table 105-0501 - Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2012 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional, CANSIM (database) [Data File].

— C —

Cancer incidence (2013)^{Footnote 505}

Estimated number of new cancer cases diagnosed in a given population during a specific period of time (usually one year) and calculated as the rate per 100,000 population.

Data source
Canadian Cancer Society's Advisory Committee on Cancer Statistics. (2013). Canadian Cancer Statistics 2013. (Toronto: Canadian Cancer Society).

Cancers (2011)^{Footnote 577}

Deaths associated with malignant cancers (ICD-10 C00–C97) expressed as a rate per 100,000 population, over a specific time-period.

Data source Statistics Canada. (2014-01-27). Table 102-0522 - Deaths, by cause, Chapter II: Neoplasms (C00 to D48), age group and sex, Canada, annual (number), CANSIM (database) [Data File]; and Statistics Canada. (2013-11-22). Table 051-0001 - Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual (persons unless otherwise noted), CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Chlamydia (2011)^{Footnote 531}

Estimated rate of chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) per 100,000 population was reported to the Public Health Agency of Canada by the provinces and territories.

Data source
Public Health Agency of Canada. (2014). Report on Sexually Transmitted Infections in Canada: 2011. (Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada).

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012)^{Footnote 468}

Population aged 35 years and over who reported that they have been diagnosed by a health professional as having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis or emphysema.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-06-17). Table 105-0501 - Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2012 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional, CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Circulatory diseases (2011)^{Footnote 584}

Deaths associated with circulatory diseases (ICD-10 I00–I99) expressed as a rate per 100,000 population, over a specific time-period.

Data sources Statistics Canada. (2014-01-27). Table 102-0529 - Deaths, by cause, Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system (I00 to I99), age group and sex, Canada, annual (number), CANSIM (database) [Data File]; and Statistics Canada. (2013-11-22). Table 051-0001 - Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual (persons unless otherwise noted), CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Contact with dental professional (2012)^{Footnote 48}

Population aged 12 years and over who reported that they have consulted with a dental professional (dentist, dental hygienist or orthodontist) in the past 12 months.

Data source
Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2012: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Contact with medical doctor (2012)^{Footnote 468}

Population aged 12 years and over who reported that they have consulted with a medical doctor in the past 12 months. Medical doctor includes family or general practitioners as well as specialists such as surgeons, allergists, orthopaedists, gynaecologists or psychiatrists. For population aged 12 to 17, includes pediatricians.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-06-17). Table 105-0501 - Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2012 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional, CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Core housing need (2006)^{Footnote 456}

A household is in core housing need if it does not meet one or more of the adequacy, suitability or affordability standards and it would have to spend 30% or more of its before-tax income to pay the median rent (including utility costs) of alternative local market housing that meets all three standards:

• Adequate housing does not require any major repairs, according to residents. Major repairs include defective plumbing or electrical wiring or structural repairs to walls, floors or ceilings.
• Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and make-up of resident households according to National Occupancy Standard (NOS) requirements. Enough bedrooms based on NOS requirements means one bedroom for each cohabiting adult couple; unattached household member aged 18 years and over; same-sex pair of children aged under 18 years; and additional boy or girl in the family, unless there are two opposite sex children under 5 years of age, in which case they are expected to share a bedroom. A household of one individual can occupy a bachelor unit (i.e. a unit with no bedroom).
• Affordable housing costs less than 30% of before-tax household income. For renters, shelter costs include rent and any payments for electricity, fuel, water and other municipal services. For owners, shelter costs include mortgage payments (principal and interest), property taxes, and any condominium fees, along with payments for electricity, fuel, water and other municipal services.

Data source
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. (2009). 2006 Census Housing Series: Issue 3 — The Adequacy, Suitability, and Affordability of Canadian Housing, 1991-2006. (Canada: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation).

Urban core housing need (2010)^{Footnote 598}

Core housing need in urban households, where urban households are defined as those in census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs).

Data source
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. (2013). Canadian Housing Observer 2013. (Canada: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation).

Current smoker (2012)^{Footnote 37}

Population aged 15 years and over who have identified themselves as either daily smokers or non-daily smokers (also known as occasional smokers).

Data source
Health Canada. (2013-10-01). Table 1. Smoking status and average number of cigarettes smoked per day, by age group and sex, age 15+ years, Canada 2011 [Data File].

— D —

Diabetes prevalence (2008/2009)^{Footnote 39}

The proportion of people who are affected by diabetes at a given point in time.

Data source
Public Health Agency of Canada. (2011). Diabetes in Canada: Facts and figures from a public health perspective. (Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada).

— E —

Exceeds low-risk drinking guidelines for acute effects (2012)^{Footnote 599}

Population aged 15 years and over who consume more than 3 drinks (for women) or 4 drinks (for men) on any single occasion.

Data source
Health Canada. (2013). Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey (CADUMS). Detailed tables for 2012.

Exceeds low-risk drinking guidelines for chronic effects (2012)^{Footnote 599}

Population aged 15 years and over who consume more than 10 drinks a week for women, with more than 2 drinks a day most days and 15 drinks a week for men, with more than 3 drinks a day most days.

Data source
Health Canada. (2013). Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey (CADUMS). Detailed tables for 2012.

— F —

Fine particulate matter concentrations (2011)^{Footnote 434}

The national annual average fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) indicator is based on the annual average concentrations recorded at 56 monitoring stations across Canada.

Data source
Environment Canada. (2013-11-01). Fine particulate matter concentrations, Canada, 2000 to 2011 [Data File].

First Nations (2011)

See Aboriginal people(s).

Fruit and vegetable consumption, 5+ times per day (2012)^{Footnote 468}

Indicates the usual number of times (frequency) per day a person, aged 12 years and over, reported eating fruits and vegetables. Measure does not take into account the amount consumed.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-06-17). Table 105-0501 - Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2012 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional, CANSIM (database) [Data File].

— G —

Gonorrhea (2011)^{Footnote 531}

Estimated rate of gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) per 100,000 population was reported to the Public Health Agency of Canada by the provinces and territories.

Data source
Public Health Agency of Canada. (2014). Report on Sexually Transmitted Infections in Canada: 2011. (Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada).

— H —

Health-adjusted life expectancy (2005/2007)^{Footnote 497}

Health-adjusted life expectancy is the number of years in full health that an individual can expect to live given the current morbidity and mortality conditions. Health-adjusted life expectancy uses the Health Utility Index (HUI) to weigh years lived in good health higher than years lived in poor health. Thus, health-adjusted life expectancy is not only a measure of quantity of life but also a measure of quality of life.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2012-05-23). Table 102-0122 - Health-adjusted life expectancy, at birth and at age 65, by sex and income, Canada and provinces occasional (years), CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Heart disease (2012)^{Footnote 48}

Population aged 12 years and over who reported that they have been diagnosed by a health professional as having heart disease.

Data source
Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2012: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

High blood pressure (2012)^{Footnote 48}

Population aged 12 years and over who reported that they have been diagnosed by a health professional as having high blood pressure or having used blood pressure medication in the past month.

Data source
Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2012: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

High school graduates (2013)^{Footnote 416}

Population aged 25 years and over who have received a high school diploma or, in Quebec, completed Secondary V or, in Newfoundland and Labrador, completed fourth year of secondary.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2014-01-10). Table 282-0004 - Labour force survey estimates (LFS), by educational attainment, sex and age group, annual, CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Households reporting moderate to severe food insecurity (2011/2012)^{Footnote 469}

This variable is based on a set of 18 questions and indicates whether households both with and without children were able to afford the food they needed in the previous 12 months. The levels of food security are defined as: 1- Food secure: No, or one, indication of difficulty with income-related food access; 2- Moderately food insecure: Indication of compromise in quality and/or quantity of food consumed; 3- Severely food insecure: Indication of reduced food intake and disrupted eating patterns.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-12-11). Table 105-0546 - Household food insecurity measures, by presence of children in the household, Canada, provinces and territories occasional (number), CANSIM (database) [Data File].

— I —

Illicit drug use in the past year (2012)^{Footnote 484}

Population aged 15 years and over who reported using an illicit drug (cannabis, cocaine/crack, speed, ecstasy, hallucinogens, heroin or salvia) in the 12 months before the interview.

Data source
Health Canada. (2013). Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey (CADUMS). Detailed tables for 2012.

Immigrant (2011)^{Footnote 600}

A person who is, or has ever been, a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. While “immigrant” usually applies to persons born outside Canada, it may also apply to a small number of persons born inside Canada to parents who are foreign-born.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2014-03-04). Citizenship, Place of Birth, Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration, Age Groups and Sex for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey [Data File].

By birth place (2011)^{Footnote 601}

Birth place refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It may refer to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of birth.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2014-03-04). Citizenship, Place of Birth, Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration, Age Groups and Sex for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey [Data File].

By years since immigration (2011)^{Footnote 600}

Years since immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2014-03-04). Citizenship, Place of Birth, Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration, Age Groups and Sex for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey [Data File].

Infant mortality rate (2011)^{Footnote 572}

The number of infant deaths occurring within the first year of life, during a given calendar year, per 1,000 live births in the same calendar year.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-09-24). Table 102-0504 - Deaths and mortality rates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces and territories, annual, CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Infectious syphilis (2011)^{Footnote 531}

Estimated rate of infectious syphilis (including primary, secondary and early latent stages) per 100,000 population was reported to the Public Health Agency of Canada by the provinces and territories.

Data source
Public Health Agency of Canada. (2014). Report on Sexually Transmitted Infections in Canada: 2011. (Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada).

Inuit (2011)

See Aboriginal people(s).

— L —

Life expectancy at birth (2009/2011)^{Footnote 602}

The number of years a person would be expected to live, starting at birth, if the age- and sex-specific mortality rates for a given observation period (such as a calendar year) were held constant over his/her life span.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013). Deaths, 2010 and 2011. The Daily, September 25, 2013.

— M —

Major depressive episode (2012)^{Footnote 44}

Population aged 15 years and over classified as meeting criteria major depressive episode in the 12 months before the interview. Major depressive episode requires at least one episode of 2 weeks or more with persistent depressed mood and loss of interest or pleasure in normal activities, accompanied by problems such as decreased energy, changes in sleep and appetite, impaired concentration and feelings of guilt, hopelessness, or suicidal thoughts.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-09-17). Table 105-1101 - Mental Health Profile, Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health (CCHS), by age group and sex, Canada and provinces, occasional (number), CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Métis (2011)

See Aboriginal people(s).

— N —

New HIV diagnoses (2012)^{Footnote 603}

The number of newly diagnosed cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the population reported to the Public Health Agency of Canada during a specified time.

Data source
Public Health Agency of Canada. (2013-11-29). At a Glance - HIV and AIDS in Canada: Surveillance Report to December 31st, 2012.

— O —

Physical activity during leisure-time, moderately active or active (2012)^{Footnote 468}

Population aged 12 years and over who reported a level of physical activity, based on their responses to questions about the nature, frequency and duration of their participation in leisure-time physical activity. Respondents are classified as active, moderately active or inactive based on an index of average daily physical activity over the past three months. For each leisure-time physical activity the respondent engages in, average daily energy expenditure is calculated by multiplying the number of times the activity was performed by the average duration of the activity by the energy cost (kilocalories per kilogram of body weight per hour) of the activity. The index is calculated as the sum of the average daily energy expenditures of all activities. Respondents are classified as follows: 3.0 kcal/kg/day or more = physically active; 1.5 to 2.9 kcal/kg/day = moderately active; less than 1.5 kcal/kg/day = inactive.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-06-17). Table 105-0501 - Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2012 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional, CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Population (2013)^{Footnote 15}

Estimates are based on the 2011 Census counts adjusted for census net undercoverage including adjustment for incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and the components of demographic growth that occurred since that census.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-11-22). Table 051-0001 - Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual (persons unless otherwise noted), CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Population centre residents (2011)^{Footnote 605}

A population centre has a minimum population concentration of 1,000 persons and a population density of at least 400 persons per square kilometre, based on the current census population count. All areas outside population centres are classified as rural areas. Population centres include all the population living in the cores, secondary cores and fringes of census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs), as well as the population living in population centres outside CMAs and CAs.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2014-01-13). Population and dwelling counts, for population centres, 2011 and 2006 censuses (table). Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables. 2011 Census [Data File].

Post-secondary graduates (2013)^{Footnote 416}

Population aged 25 years and over who have completed a certificate (including a trade certificate) or diploma from an educational institution beyond the secondary level. This includes certificates from vocational schools, apprenticeship training, community college, Collège d'Enseignement Général et Professionnel (CEGEP), and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2014-01-10). Table 282-0004 - Labour force survey estimates (LFS), by educational attainment, sex and age group, annual (persons unless otherwise noted), CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Potential years of life lost^{Footnote 594}

Potential years of life lost is the population average of the number of years of life lost, across all persons dying prematurely from any cause - before the age of 75 years, over a specific period of time. A person who dies at age 25 years, for example, has lost 50 years of life.

Premature mortality due to cancers (2009)^{Footnote 594,Footnote 595}

Potential years of life lost for all malignant neoplasms (ICD–10 C00–C97) is the population average of the number of years of life lost, across all persons dying prematurely from any cancer before age 75 years, over a specific period of time.

Data source
Statistics Canada. Canadian Vital Statistics, Death Database, 2009. All computations on these data were prepared by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Premature mortality due to circulatory diseases (2009)^{Footnote 594,Footnote 595}

Potential years of life lost for all circulatory disease (ICD–10 I00–I99) is the population average of the number of years of life lost, across all persons dying prematurely from any circulatory disease before age 75 years, over a specific period of time.

Data source
Statistics Canada. Canadian Vital Statistics, Death Database, 2009. All computations on these data were prepared by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Premature mortality due to HIV (2009)^{Footnote 594,Footnote 595}

Potential years of life lost for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (ICD–10 B20-B24) is the population average of the number of years of life lost, across all persons dying prematurely from HIV before age 75 years, over a specific period of time.

Data source
Statistics Canada. Canadian Vital Statistics, Death Database, 2009. All computations on these data were prepared by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Premature mortality due to respiratory diseases (2009)^{Footnote 594,Footnote 595}

Potential years of life lost for all respiratory disease (ICD–10 J00–J99) is the population average of the number of years of life lost, across all persons dying prematurely from any respiratory disease before age 75 years, over a specific period of time.

Data source
Statistics Canada. Canadian Vital Statistics, Death Database, 2009. All computations on these data were prepared by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Premature mortality due to suicide and self-inflicted injuries (2009)^{Footnote 594,Footnote 595}

Potential years of life lost for suicides (ICD–10 X60–X71, X75–X84, Y87.0) is the population average of the number of years of life lost, across all persons dying prematurely from any self-inflicted injury before age 75 years, over a specific period of time.

Data source
Statistics Canada. Canadian Vital Statistics, Death Database, 2009. All computations on these data were prepared by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Premature mortality due to unintentional injuries (2009)^{Footnote 594,Footnote 595}

Potential years of life lost for unintentional injuries (ICD–10 V01–X59, Y85–Y86) is the population average of the number of years of life lost, across all persons dying prematurely from any unintentional injury before age 75 years, over a specific period of time.

Data source
Statistics Canada. Canadian Vital Statistics, Death Database, 2009. All computations on these data were prepared by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

— R —

Respiratory diseases (2011)^{Footnote 585}

Deaths associated with respiratory diseases (ICD–10 J00–J99) expressed as a rate per 100,000 population, over a specific time-period.

Data sources Statistics Canada. (2014-01-27). Table 102-0530 - Deaths, by cause, Chapter X: Diseases of the respiratory system (J00 to J99), age group and sex, Canada, annual (number), CANSIM (database) [Data File]; and Statistics Canada. (2013-11-22). Table 051-0001 - Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual (persons unless otherwise noted), CANSIM (database) [Data File].

— S —

Schizophrenia or psychosis (2012)^{Footnote 44}

Population aged 15 years and over who reported that they have ever been diagnosed by a health professional with schizophrenia or psychosis.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-09-17). Table 105-1101 - Mental Health Profile, Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health (CCHS), by age group and sex, Canada and provinces, occasional (number), CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Sense of community belonging, somewhat or very strong (2012)^{Footnote 468}

Population aged 12 years and over who reported their sense of belonging to their local community as being very strong or somewhat strong.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-06-17). Table 105-0501 - Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2012 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional, CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Some post-secondary education (2013)^{Footnote 416}

Population aged 25 years and over who worked toward, but did not complete, a degree, certificate (including a trade certificate) or diploma from an educational institution, including a university, beyond the secondary level. This includes vocational schools, apprenticeship training, community college, Collège d'Enseignement Général et Professionnel (CEGEP), and school of nursing.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2014-01-10). Table 282-0004 - Labour force survey estimates (LFS), by educational attainment, sex and age group, annual, CANSIM (database) [Data File].

— T —

Teen birth rate (2011)^{Footnote 501}

Number of live births per 1,000 female population aged 15 to 19 years.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-03-18). Table 102-4505 - Crude birth rate, age-specific and total fertility rates (live births), Canada, provinces and territories, annual (rate), CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Tuberculosis (2011)^{Footnote 555}

Number of cases of new active and re-treatment tuberculosis cases per 100,000 population.

Data source
Public Health Agency of Canada. (2014). Tuberculosis in Canada, 2012. (Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada).

— U —

Unemployment rate (2013)^{Footnote 416}

The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed persons (those who, during the reference week, were without work, had actively looked for work in the past four weeks, and were available for work as well as persons on layoff or who had a new job to start in four weeks or less) expressed as a percentage of the labour force.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2014-01-10). Table 282-0004 - Labour force survey estimates (LFS), by educational attainment, sex and age group, annual, CANSIM (database) [Data File].

Urban core housing need (2010)

See Core housing need.

— V —

Violent crime incidents (2012)^{Footnote 606}

Offences that deal with the application, or threat of application, of force to a person. These include homicide, attempted murder, various forms of sexual and non-sexual assault, robbery and abduction.

Data source
Statistics Canada. (2013-07-25). Table 252-0051 - Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations, annual (number unless otherwise noted), CANSIM (database) [Data File].