Population-Specific HIV/AIDS Status Report: People Living with HIV/AIDS

Table of Contents

• Foreword
• Executive Summary
• Acknowledgements
• List of Terms
• Chapter 1 - Introduction
  • 1.1 Background
  • 1.2 Methodology
  • 1.3 Reference
• Chapter 2 - Epidemiological Profile of HIV and AIDS in Canada
  • 2.1 Evolution of HIV and AIDS in Canada
    • 2.1.1 Current status
  • 2.2 HIV and AIDS data in Canada
    • 2.2.1 Estimated HIV incidence
    • 2.2.2 Estimated HIV prevalence
  • 2.3 Biological sex
  • 2.4 Age at diagnosis
  • 2.5 Geographic distribution
  • 2.6 National HIV infection exposure categories
    • 2.6.1 Exposure category classification
    • 2.6.2 Overview of HIV in Canada, by exposure category
  • 2.7 Trends within each exposure category
    • 2.7.1 Perinatal transmission
    • 2.7.2 Men who have sex with men - injection drug use (MSM-IDU)
    • 2.7.3 Men who have sex with men (MSM)
    • 2.7.4 Injection drug use (IDU)
    • 2.7.5 Recipient of blood and/or blood products
    • 2.7.6 Heterosexual contact
      • 2.7.6.1 Heterosexual contact - analysis by biological sex
      • 2.7.6.2 Heterosexual contact - analysis by age group
      • 2.7.6.3 Heterosexual contact - origin from an HIV-endemic country
      • 2.7.6.4 Heterosexual contact - sexual contact with a person at risk
      • 2.7.6.5 Heterosexual contact - sexual contact with a person with no identified risk
  • 2.8 Race/ethnicity and HIV
    • 2.8.1 Aboriginal people
    • 2.8.2 Black people
  • 2.9 People in prison
  • 2.10 Co-infection with sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections
  • 2.11 Drug resistance
  • 2.12 AIDS reporting
  • 2.13 AIDS deaths
  • 2.14 Conclusion
  • 2.15 References
• Chapter 3 - Living With HIV and AIDS
  • 3.1 HIV testing and diagnosis
    • 3.1.1 Coming to terms with HIV diagnosis
    • 3.1.2 Partner notification
    • 3.1.3 HIV disclosure
  • 3.2 Prevention
    • 3.2.1 Positive prevention
    • 3.2.2 Serosorting
    • 3.2.3 Treatment & HIV transmission
  • 3.3 Medical conditions related to HIV/AIDS
    • 3.3.1 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
    • 3.3.2 HIV and co-morbidities
    • 3.3.3 Mental health
    • 3.3.4 HIV co-infections
    • 3.3.5 Episodic disability
  • 3.4 Treatment
    • 3.4.1 Treatment side effects and interactions
    • 3.4.2 Treatment adherence
      • 3.4.2.1 Factors affecting adherence
      • 3.4.2.2 Treatment adherence among specific populations
  • 3.5 Complementary and alternative medicines
  • 3.6 HIV within the family
    • 3.6.1 Reproductive health and family planning
    • 3.6.2 Parents and HIV
    • 3.6.3 Children and youth living with HIV/AIDS
    • 3.6.4 Violence in intimate relationships
  • 3.7 Healthy lifestyle
    • 3.7.1 Healthy diet
    • 3.7.2 Exercise
  • 3.8 Sexual health
  • 3.9 Aging with HIV/AIDS
  • 3.10 Palliative care
  • 3.11 Bereavement
  • 3.12 References
• Chapter 4 - Current Evidence on Social Determinants of Health Affecting People Living With HIV/AIDS
  • 4.1 Early childhood development
  • 4.2 Income, socio-economic status, and education
    • 4.2.1 Socio-economic status and treatment access
    • 4.2.2 The impact of HIV/AIDS on income
    • 4.2.3 Remaining at or returning to work
  • 4.3 Employment and working conditions
    • 4.3.1 The benefits of work
    • 4.3.2 Managing health at work
    • 4.3.3 Stigma and discrimination in the workplace
  • 4.4 Social environments
    • 4.4.1 Stigma and discrimination
    • 4.4.2 Experiences of stigma by PHA in Canada
    • 4.4.3 Impacts of stigma and discrimination on PHA in Canada
  • 4.5 Social support networks
    • 4.5.1 Social networks
    • 4.5.2 Community involvement
    • 4.5.3 Social support and health outcomes
  • 4.6 Physical environments
    • 4.6.1 The influence of location on PHA
    • 4.6.2 Housing and homelessness among PHA
    • 4.6.3 PHA and prison environments
  • 4.7 Culture
    • 4.7.1 Culture and social vulnerability among PHA
    • 4.7.2 Culture and resiliency among PHA
  • 4.8 Gender
    • 4.8.1 Gender-based violence
    • 4.8.2 Gender and HIV disclosure
    • 4.8.3 Gender and culture
  • 4.9 Access to health services
    • 4.9.1 Barriers in access to HIV health services for PHA
    • 4.9.2 Access to health services among specific PHA populations
    • 4.9.3 Frontline service organizations and peer networks
    • 4.9.4 Rehabilitation
  • 4.10 Personal health practices
    • 4.10.1 Coping skills and strategies
    • 4.10.2 Resiliency in PHA personal health practices
  • 4.11 References
• Chapter 5 - Current HIV/AIDS Research
  • 5.1 Methodology
    • 5.1.1 Methodological limitations
  • 5.2 Overview of HIV/AIDS research funded between 2008-2010
    • 5.2.1 Distribution of research projects by geographic location
    • 5.2.2 Distribution of research projects by population
      • 5.2.2.1 Aboriginal people living with HIV/AIDS (APHA)
      • 5.2.2.2 People living with HIV/AIDS who use injection drugs
      • 5.2.2.3 Youth living with HIV/AIDS
      • 5.2.2.4 Women living with HIV/AIDS
      • 5.2.2.5 Gay men living with HIV/AIDS
      • 5.2.2.6 PHA from countries where HIV is endemic
      • 5.2.2.7 People in prison living with HIV/AIDS
      • 5.2.2.8 Transgender people living with HIV/AIDS
      • 5.2.2.9 Other populations living with HIV/AIDS
    • 5.2.3 Community-based research, health policy research, research dissemination and capacity building
    • 5.2.4 Determinants of health
    • 5.2.5 Overview of research projects addressing treatment
    • 5.2.6 Mental health
    • 5.2.7 Resilience
  • 5.3 Areas for further research
    • 5.3.1 Geography
    • 5.3.2 Specific populations
    • 5.3.3 Determinants of health
    • 5.3.4 Access to care and treatment
    • 5.3.5 Living with HIV
    • 5.3.6 Resilience
  • 5.4 References
• Chapter 6 - Current Response to HIV/AIDS
  • 6.1 Methodology
  • 6.2 Overview
  • 6.3 HIV/AIDS strategies
    • 6.3.1 Pan-Canadian strategy
    • 6.3.2 Government of Canada strategy
    • 6.3.3 Provincial and territorial strategies
    • 6.3.4 Population-specific strategies
    • 6.3.5 Strategies pertaining to Aboriginal people
    • 6.3.6 Strategies pertaining to people from countries where HIV is endemic
    • 6.3.7 Strategies pertaining to women
  • 6.4 Networks, Coalitions, and Advisory Bodies
    • 6.4.1 Networks and organizations supporting PHA
    • 6.4.2 National Bodies
    • 6.4.3 Federal Advisory Bodies
    • 6.4.4 National Non-Governmental Organizations and Networks
    • 6.4.5 Provincial and Territorial Networks, Coalitions, and Advisory Bodies
  • 6.5 Program Analysis
    • 6.5.1 Geographic Distribution of Projects
    • 6.5.2 Populations within the PHA Population
      • 6.5.2.1 Gay, bisexual, two-spirit, and other men who have sex with men
      • 6.5.2.2 People who use injection drugs
      • 6.5.2.3 Aboriginal peoples
      • 6.5.2.4 People from countries where HIV is endemic
      • 6.5.2.5 Women
      • 6.5.2.6 Youth
      • 6.5.2.7 Children and families
      • 6.5.2.8 People in Prison
  • 6.6 References
• Chapter 7 - Conclusion
  • 7.1 References
• Appendix A
  • 1) Search Terms
  • 2) Databases Searched
• Appendix B
  • Research Projects Focussing on People Living with HIV/AIDS
• Appendix C
  • 1) HIV/AIDS Networks, Coalitions and Advisory Bodies
  • 2) Organizations Involved in the Delivery of Programs and Time-Limited Projects (2009-2011) Supporting People Living with HIV or AIDS in Canada