Population-Specific HIV/AIDS Status Report: Women

Table of Contents

• Foreword
• Executive Summary
• Acknowledgements
• List of Terms
• List of Figures
• Chapter 1: Introduction
  • 1.1 Background
  • 1.2 Methodology
  • 1.3 References
• Chapter 2: Demographic Profile
  • 2.1 General Trends: 2006 Census of Population and Projected Growth
  • 2.2 Vital Health Indicators: Life Expectancy and Morbidity
  • 2.3 Age
  • 2.4 Mental Health
  • 2.5 Aboriginal Identity: First Nations, Inuit and Métis
  • 2.6 Immigrant Population and Visible Minority Status
  • 2.7 Language and Education
    • 2.7.1 Official and Non-Official Languages
    • 2.7.2 Education
  • 2.8 Labour Force Activity, Class of Worker, Work Activity
    • 2.8.1 Labour Force Activity
    • 2.8.2 Class of Worker
    • 2.8.3 Work Activity
  • 2.9 Income
  • 2.10 Lesbian and Bisexual Women
  • 2.11 Relationships
  • 2.12 Women Involved in Sex Work
  • 2.13 Substance Use
  • 2.14 Women in Prison: Sentenced Custody and Custodial Remand
  • 2.15 Homeless Women and Unstable Housing
  • 2.16 References
• Chapter 3: Status of HIV/AIDS among Women in Canada
  • 3.1 Information on Surveillance Data
  • 3.2 HIV Strains
  • 3.3 Overview of HIV/AIDS among Canadian Women
  • 3.4 Geographic Distribution
  • 3.5 Exposure Categories
    • 3.5.1 Heterosexual Transmission
      • a. Sexual Contact with a Person at Risk
      • b. No Identified Risk - Heterosexual (NIR-HET)
      • c. Origin from an HIV-Endemic Country
      • d. Sex Work
    • 3.5.2 Injection Drug Use
  • 3.6 Age
  • 3.7 Perinatal Transmission
  • 3.8 HIV/AIDS in Diverse Female Populations in Canada
    • 3.8.1 Aboriginal Women
    • 3.8.2 Women in prison
    • 3.8.3 Transwomen
    • 3.8.4 Women who Have Sex with Women
  • 3.9 Co-infections with HIV
    • 3.9.1 Tuberculosis
    • 3.9.2 Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • 3.9.3 Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C
  • 3.10 References
• Chapter 4: Current Evidence on Factors that Impact Women's Resiliency and Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS
  • 4.1 Determinants of Health
    • 4.1.1 Gender
    • 4.1.2 Biology and Genetic Endowment
      • a. Impact of HIV Treatment on Women Living with HIV
      • b. Osteoporosis and HIV
    • 4.1.3 Education
    • 4.1.4 Income and Social Status / Employment and Income
      • a. Vulnerable Female Populations
      • b. Income of Women Living with HIV
    • 4.1.5 Social Environments and Social Support Networks
      • a. Violence and Abuse
      • b. Fear of Disclosure
      • c. Social Exclusion
      • d. Women's Support Groups
      • e. Role as Primary Caregiver
      • f. Role of Children
    • 4.1.6 Physical Environments
      • a. Unstable Housing and Homelessness
      • b. Rural and Remote Environments
      • c. Federal and Provincial/Territorial Prisons
    • 4.1.7 Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills
      • a. Sexual Health
      • b. Reproductive Health
      • c. Substance Use
      • d. Other Coping Skills
    • 4.1.8 Healthy Child Development
      • a. Childhood Abuse
    • 4.1.9 Health Services
      • a. Treatment Options
      • b. HIV Testing
      • c. HIV Testing for Pregnant Women
    • 4.1.10 Culture and Race
  • 4.2 References
• Chapter 5: Current HIV/AIDS Research
  • 5.1 Methodology
  • 5.2 Research Analysis
    • 5.2.1 Geographic Distribution of Research Projects
    • 5.2.2 Prominent Themes: HIV Prevention, Intervention and/or Treatment
    • 5.2.3 Research Projects Addressing Specific Populations
      • a. Women Living with HIV
      • b. Women Involved in Sex Work and/or Survival Sex Work
      • c. Women from Countries where HIV is Endemic or Immigrant or Ethnocultural Communities
      • d. Female Youth
      • e. Aboriginal Women: First Nations, Inuit and Métis
      • f. Lesbian, Two-spirited and Women Who Have Sex with Women
      • g. Transgender Persons
      • h. Women Who Use Injection Drugs
      • i. Women in prison
    • 5.2.4 Empowerment: Building Leadership among Women Affected by and Infected with HIV/AIDS
    • 5.2.5 Violence against Women and HIV/AIDS within Research Projects
    • 5.2.6 Capacity Building within the Spheres of Policy, Health Care, Knowledge Transfer
  • 5.3 References
• Chapter 6: Response to HIV/AIDS
  • 6.1 Methodology
    • 6.1.1 Women as Part of the General Response
    • 6.1.2 Women as Part of a Community or Group
    • 6.1.3 Women as Stand-Alone Categories
  • 6.2 Overview
  • 6.3 Population-Specific Strategies
  • 6.4 Population-Specific Networks, Coalitions and Advisory Bodies
    • 6.4.1 National Networks, Coalitions and Advisory Bodies
    • 6.4.2 Provincial Networks, Coalitions and Advisory Bodies
  • 6.5 Program Analysis
    • 6.5.1 Projects Addressing Women
    • 6.5.2 Geographic Distribution of Projects and Distribution by Category
    • 6.5.3 Different Programmatic Responses for Different Health Needs of Women
    • 6.5.4 Female Sex Workers
    • 6.5.5 Women from Countries Where HIV is Endemic
    • 6.5.6 Women Living with HIV/AIDS
    • 6.5.7 Female Youth
    • 6.5.8 Aboriginal Women
    • 6.5.9 Women Who Use Injection Drugs, Harm Reduction and/or Substance Use
    • 6.5.10 Women in Prisons
    • 6.5.11 Other Women-specific Categories
      • a. Violence against Women
      • b. Mothers-to-be/Mothers
      • c. Older Females
      • d. Transwomen
  • 6.6 Strategies and Thematic Response
  • 6.7 References
• Chapter 7: Conclusion
  • a. Gender as a Key Determinant
  • b. The Effects of Intersecting Discrimination
  • c. The Importance of Empowering Women
  • d. Gaps in Research
  • e. The Canadian Response
  • f. The Importance of Partnership
  • g. Future Developments
• Appendix A
  • 1. Search Terms
  • 2. Databases Searched
• Appendix B
  • Current HIV/AIDS Research on Women in Canada
• Appendix C
  • 1. Population-Specific Networks, Coalitions and Advisory Bodies
  • 2. Organizations Involved in the Delivery of Programs and Time-Limited Projects Addressing HIV/AIDS among Women