ARCHIVED - Canadian Integrated Surveillance Report: Salmonella, Campylobacter, verotoxigenic E. coli and Shigella, from 2000 to 2004

 

Hospitalizations, Deaths and Unusual Isolation Sites

Hospitalizations and Deaths

Hospitalizations due to Salmonella, Campylobacter, pathogenic E. coli, and Shigella, between 2000 and 2004 are shown in Table 28. Although hospitalization data are recorded in the NDRS,

only one province reported hospitalized cases over this period, thus the data were not included. Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli was associated with the highest hospitalization rates per 1000 cases over all five years.

Table 28: Hospitalization data by pathogen, 2000 to 2004, CIHI
  Year Number of cases hospitalized Hospitalization rate (per 1,000 enteric
hospitalizations)†
Salmonella
(Non-typhoid)
2000
824
33.67
2001
861
26.12
2002
891
14.91
2003
743
11.12
2004
729
10.16
Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi
2000
61
2.49
2001
97
2.94
2002
102
1.71
2003
78
1.17
2004
105
1.46
Campylobacter
(ICD-10 only)
2000
N/A
N/A
2001
105
N/A
2002
419
N/A
2003
352
N/A
2004
349
N/A
Pathogenic
E. coli
2000
607
24.80
2001
443
13.44
2002
383
6.41
2003
235
3.52
2004
320
4.46
Shigella
2000
101
4.13
2001
92
2.79
2002
78
1.30
2003
70
1.05
2004
73
1.02

† Hospitalizations where the diagnostic code indicated that the enteric pathogen was detected. See Appendix A – Section 6 for enteric pathogens included in denominator.
*The four digit code required to specify Campylobacter was not consistently used.

The number of deaths associated with Salmonella, Campylobacter, pathogenic E. coli and Shigella infections are shown in Table 29. Although captured in the NDRS, deaths due to these four enteric diseases were only reported by two provinces, consequently the data are not shown. The number of deaths according to the Vital Statistics database (Statistics Canada) is included for comparison purposes. Salmonella infections resulted in the most deaths in both CIHI and Vital Statistics databases. Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli accounted for the highest death rates per 1000 hospitalized with illness, over the five-year period. One S. Paratyphi case resulting in a death was recorded in 2003 in the Vital Statistics Database, while no deaths were recorded from CIHI data over the five-year time period for S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi.

Table 29: Deaths associated with enteric infections, 2000 to 2004, CIHI and Vital Statistics (Statistics Canada)
    CIHI Database Vital Statistics Database
 
Year
Number of
Deaths (CIHI)
Death rate (per 1000 hospitalized with illness)*
Number of Deaths (Vital Stats)**
Death Rate (per 1000 cases)‡
Salmonella
2000
5
6.07
3
0.52
2001
10
11.61
1
0.16
2002
8
8.98
6
0.99
2003
9
12.11
8
1.54
2004
14
19.20
5
0.96
Total
46
11.36
23
0.81
Campylobacter*
2000
N/A
N/A
1
0.08
2001
1
9.52
1
0.08
2002
0
0
1
0.09
2003
0
0
0
-
2004
3
8.52
1
0.10
Total
4
3.26
4
0.07
Pathogenic
E. coli
2000
5
8.24
6
1.99
2001
2
4.51
1
0.75
2002
6
15.67
3
2.41
2003
1
4.26
2
1.85
2004
4
12.50
2
1.82
Total
18
8.55
14
1.80
Shigella
2000
0
0
0
-
2001
0
0
1
1.06
2002
0
0
0
-
2003
1
14.29
0
-
2004
0
0
1
1.39
Total
1
2.42
2
0.39

†Hospitalized with infection that was indicated in the CIHI database as a contributing factor in their death.
*The four digit code required to specify Campylobacter was not consistently used.
** Deaths in the Vital Statistics database include only those for which these organisms were the principle cause of death.
‡ Calculated as the number of deaths in Vital Stats/number of reports in NDRS

Unusual Isolation Sites

The number of isolates collected from unusual sites (i.e. non-faecal specimens) reported to the NESP between 2000 and 2004, is shown in Table 30. Although information regarding unusual isolation sites is collected by the NESP, this data is not consistently reported to provincial or central reference labs. Of the four enteric disease pathogens discussed in this report, Salmonella accounted for the majority of isolations from nonfaecal sources. Over the five-year period, there was an increase in unusual isolation sites from which Salmonella was cultured. The top three Salmonella serovars isolated from blood included, S. Typhi (19% of all S. Typhi; 107/563), S. Paratyphi A (14% of all S. Paratyphi A; 39/270), and S. Heidelberg (7% of S. Heidelberg; 303/4690).

Table 30: Number of isolates collected from unusual isolation sites (i.e. non-faecal), by pathogen, 2000 to 2004, NESP
Pathogen Site 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Salmonella
(Non-typhoid)
Blood
73
68
135
153
148
Urine
36
61
59
94
74
Other
8
13
8
16
11
Total #
117 (5618)
142 (6168)
202 (6009)
263 (5160)
233 (5109)
Total %
2%
2%
3%
5%
5%
Salmonella Typhi
and Paratyphi
Blood
18
17
25
53
46
Urine
2
-
4
2
2
Other
-
-
1
-
-
Total #
20 (162)
17 (215)
30 (247)
55 (251)
48 (269)
Total %
12%
8%
12%
32%
18%
Campylobacter
Blood
1
3
2
2
5
Urine
-
-
-
-
-
Other
-
-
-
-
-
Total #
1 (1994)
3 (1718)
2 (1807)
2 (1529)
5 (1305)
Total %
> 1%
> 1%
> 1%
> 1%
> 1%
Vertoxigenic
E. coli
Blood
-
1
1
-
-
Urine
-
-
-
1
-
Other
-
-
-
-
-
Total #
0 (1837)
1 (1333)
1 (1284)
1 (1063)
0 (1164)
Total %
0%
> 1%
> 1%
> 1%
0%
Shigella
Blood
2
-
2
2
1
Urine
3
1
1
-
-
Other
-
-
-
-
-
Total #
5 (855)
1 (692)
3 (1159)
2 (819)
1 (649)
Total %
> 1%
> 1%
> 1%
> 1%
> 1%

 


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