ARCHIVED - Canadian Integrated Surveillance Report: Salmonella, Campylobacter, verotoxigenic E. coli and Shigella, from 2000 to 2004
Salmonella Isolates from Non-human Sources
There were 1971, 2050, 2009, 2415 and 1668 Salmonella isolates from non-human sources sent to the LFZ from 2000 to 2004, respectively (these numbers excluded quality assurance and research isolates) (See Appendix A – Section 5). The number of isolates by province and year is shown in Table 11. Isolates with unknown province of origin were excluded from the analysis. Non-human isolates from the CIPARS abattoir and retail components are included in the total Salmonella isolate counts reported by the LFZ in 2002 (abattoir), 2003 and 2004. For more detailed CIPARS information, please refer to the CIPARS website and reports (http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/cipars-picra/index_e.html). The absence of an appropriate denominator does not allow for a calculation of rates, therefore the following analysis includes only total counts.
Isolates sent to the LFZ for passive surveillance of diagnostic isolates or for government or industry monitoring are not necessarily provincially representative. The number of submissions can vary by place and time, therefore the data should be interpreted with caution. The abattoir component of CIPARS however, is more representative and stable over time. The non-human data should not be considered an indication of magnitude. However, the data can be useful to establish general trends, recognize emerging or re-emerging serovars and provide an overview of the various serovars identified from non-human sources.
*An additional 26 foreign isolates included samples from imported/visiting animals or food products (2000, 6; 2001, 4; 2002, 2; 2003, 11; 2004, 3).
Top 10 Serovars
The top 10 Salmonella serovars from non-human sources reported by source to the LFZ, between 2000 and 2004, are listed in Table 12. S. Heidelberg was the most frequently reported serovar in chicken and turkey isolates over the five-year period, while S. Typhimurium was most frequently reported in bovine and porcine isolates. At least nine of the top 10 serovars from human cases were represented in the top 10 serovars from nonhuman sources over the five- year period.
* Bold indicates that the serovar was also among the top 10 Salmonella serovars isolated from human cases in any of the 5 years (2000 to 2004).
Serovars Increasing in Frequency
Table 13 lists the Salmonella serovars from nonhuman sources, showing an increase in reporting frequency (by source) in at least four consecutive years from 2000 to 2004.
Non-human Salmonella Isolate Sources
The sources of non-human isolates of S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg and S. Hadar are summarized in Figures 20-23 (note the different scales used) (See Appendix A – Section 5). If the “source” was not indicated or did not correspond to one of the listed categories, it was classified as “Other”.
S. Heidelberg, S. Hadar, and S. Enteritidis were largely isolated from poultry (e.g. chicken and turkeys), with the majority of isolates coming from environmental or animal sources. A large number of S. Typhimurium isolates were also from chicken although bovine and porcine sources remained the major source.
Figure 20: S. Typhimurium isolates from non-human sources, 2000 to 2004
Companion Animals as a Reservoir for Salmonella
Horses and birds were the most common sources of Salmonella isolates from companion animals (Table 14). S. Typhimurium was the most frequently identified serovar, making up 34% of all Salmonella isolates from companion animals. Companion animal isolates may also have included isolates from animals used for research purposes.
* Other warm-blooded animals include all other animals that did not correspond to these categories
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