Annual Financial Report of the Government of Canada Fiscal Year 2019-2020

Table 1
Financial Highlights
$ billions

	2019-20	2018-19
Budgetary transactions
Revenues	334.1	332.2
Expenses
Program expenses, excluding net actuarial losses1	338.5	314.6
Public debt charges	24.4	23.3
Total expenses, excluding net actuarial losses1	362.9	337.8
Budgetary balance, excluding net actuarial losses1	(28.8)	(5.6)
Net actuarial losses1	10.6	8.4
Budgetary balance	(39.4)	(14.0)
Non-budgetary transactions	(7.8)	1.2
Financial source/requirement	(47.2)	(12.7)
Net change in financing activities	46.8	15.7
Net change in cash balances	(0.4)	3.0
Cash balance at end of period	37.2	37.6
Financial position
Total liabilities	1,248.6	1,185.2
Total financial assets	435.7	413.0
Net debt	(812.9)	(772.1)
Non-financial assets	91.5	86.7
Federal debt (accumulated deficit)	(721.4)	(685.5)
Financial results (% of GDP)
Revenues	14.5	14.9
Total program expenses	15.2	14.5
Public debt charges	1.1	1.0
Budgetary balance	(1.7)	(0.6)
Federal debt (accumulated deficit)	31.3	30.8
Note: Numbers may not add due to rounding. 1 Comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation. Information regarding this reclassification can be found in Note 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table 2
Average Private Sector Forecasts
per cent

	2018	2019	2020	2021
Real GDP growth
Budget 2019	2.0	1.7	1.6	1.7
2020 Economic and Fiscal Snapshot	2.0	1.7	(6.8)	5.5
Actual	2.0	1.7	-	-
Nominal GDP growth
Budget 2019	4.1	3.4	3.5	3.7
2020 Economic and Fiscal Snapshot	3.9	3.6	(6.3)	7.9
Actual	3.9	3.6	-	-
3-month treasury bill rate
Budget 2019	1.4	1.9	2.2	2.3
2020 Economic and Fiscal Snapshot	1.4	1.7	0.5	0.3
Actual	1.4	1.7	-	-
10-year government bond rate
Budget 2019	2.3	2.4	2.7	2.8
2020 Economic and Fiscal Snapshot	2.3	1.6	0.8	1.0
Actual	2.3	1.6	-	-
Unemployment rate
Budget 2019	5.8	5.7	5.9	6.0
2020 Economic and Fiscal Snapshot	5.8	5.7	9.8	7.8
Actual	5.8	5.7	-	-
Consumer Price Index inflation
Budget 2019	2.3	1.9	2.0	1.9
2020 Economic and Fiscal Snapshot	2.2	2.0	0.5	2.0
Actual	2.2	2.0	-	-
Note: Historical figures have been restated to reflect revisions in the Canadian System of National Accounts as of the first quarter of 2020, released on May 29, 2020.

Table 3
Comparison of Actual Outcomes to July 2020 Snapshot

			Difference
	Actual ($ billions)	July 2020 Snapshot ($ billions)	($ billions)	(%)
Revenues
Income tax
Personal	167.6	170.9	(3.3)	(2.0)
Corporate	50.1	49.2	0.8	1.7
Non-resident	9.5	9.4	0.0	0.4
Total	227.1	229.5	(2.4)	(1.1)
Other taxes and duties
Goods and Services Tax	37.4	38.8	(1.4)	(3.7)
Energy taxes	5.7	5.7	(0.0)	(0.7)
Customs import duties	4.9	4.9	(0.1)	(1.5)
Other excise taxes and duties	6.0	6.2	(0.2)	(4.1)
Total	53.9	55.6	(1.7)	(3.2)
Employment Insurance premiums	22.2	22.8	(0.6)	(2.6)
Fuel charge proceeds	2.7	2.4	0.2	8.5
Other revenues1	28.3	31.0	(2.8)	(9.8)
Total revenues	334.1	341.4	(7.3)	(2.2)
Program expenses
Major transfers to persons
Elderly benefits	56.2	56.2	0.1	0.1
Employment Insurance1	21.8	22.4	(0.7)	(3.0)
Children's benefits	24.3	24.4	(0.0)	(0.1)
Canada Emergency Response Benefit1	4.7	5.1	(0.4)	(7.7)
Total	107.1	108.0	(1.0)	(0.9)
Major transfers to other levels of government
Support for health and other social programs	55.5	55.5	0.0	0.0
Fiscal arrangements1	20.4	20.4	0.0	0.1
Gas Tax Fund	2.2	2.2	(0.0)	(0.0)
Home care and mental health	1.1	1.1	(0.0)	(0.0)
Total	79.2	79.2	0.0	0.0
Fuel charge proceeds returned	2.6	2.8	(0.2)	(6.1)
Direct program expenses1	149.6	150.5	(0.9)	(0.6)
Total program expenses, excluding net actuarial losses	338.5	340.5	(2.0)	(0.6)
Public debt charges	24.4	24.5	(0.1)	(0.2)
Budgetary outcome/estimate before net actuarial losses	(28.8)	(23.6)	(5.2)	17.9
Net actuarial losses1	10.6	10.8	(0.2)	(1.4)
Budgetary outcome/estimate	(39.4)	(34.4)	(5.0)	12.7
Note: Numbers may not add due to rounding. 1 Comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation in the condensed consolidated financial statements, with no overall impact on the annual deficit projected in the July 2020 Snapshot.

Revenues

Federal revenues can be broken down into five main categories: income tax revenues, other taxes and duties, Employment Insurance (EI) premium revenues, fuel charge proceeds and other revenues.

Within the income tax category, personal income tax revenues are the largest source of federal revenues, and accounted for 50.2 per cent of total revenues in 2019-20 (up from 49.3 per cent in 2018-19). Corporate income tax revenues are the second largest source of revenues, and accounted for 15.0 per cent of total revenues in 2019-20 (down from 15.2 per cent in 2018-19). Non-resident income tax revenues are a comparatively smaller source of revenues, accounting for only 2.8 per cent of total revenues in 2019-20 (unchanged from 2018-19).

Other taxes and duties consist of revenues from the Goods and Services Tax (GST), energy taxes, customs import duties and other excise taxes and duties. The largest component of this category—GST revenues—accounted for 11.2 per cent of all federal revenues in 2019-20 (down from 11.5 per cent in 2018-19). The share of the remaining components of other taxes and duties stood at 4.9 per cent of total federal revenues (down from 5.7 per cent in 2018-19).

EI premium revenues accounted for 6.6 per cent of total federal revenues in 2019-20 (down slightly from 2018-19).

Fuel charge proceeds under the new federal carbon pollution pricing system that came into effect in April 2019 accounted for 0.8 per cent of total federal revenues in 2019-20.

Other revenues are made up of three broad components: net income from enterprise Crown corporations and other government business enterprises; other program revenues from returns on investments, proceeds from the sales of goods and services, and other miscellaneous revenues; and foreign exchange revenues. Other revenues accounted for 8.5 per cent of total federal revenues in 2019-20 (down from 8.8 per cent in 2018-19).

Revenues Compared to 2018-19

Total revenues amounted to $334.1 billion in 2019-20, up $1.9 billion, or 0.6 per cent, from 2018-19. The following table compares revenues for 2019-20 to 2018-19.

• Personal income tax revenues increased by $3.7 billion in 2019-20, or 2.3 per cent, reflecting developments in the labour market, particularly employment and wage growth until the end of calendar year 2019.
• Corporate income tax revenues decreased by $0.3 billion, or 0.6 per cent, reflecting the drop in corporate profits resulting from the COVID-19 economic weakness at the end of the fiscal year and the effects of the payment deferral measures. Declines in corporate earnings were in a number of sectors including manufacturing, transport and hospitality, accommodation and the entertainment sector.
• Non-resident income tax revenues are paid by non-residents on Canadian-sourced income. These revenues increased by $0.1 billion, or 1.1 per cent.
• Other taxes and duties decreased by $3.3 billion, or 5.8 per cent. GST revenues declined by $0.8 billion in 2019-20, or 2.2 per cent, reflecting weakness in retail sales and lower GST on imports, particularly in March as many retailers shut down operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Energy taxes fell by $0.1 billion, or 2.1 per cent, primarily due to higher aviation fuel consumption in 2018-19. Customs import duties decreased by $2.0 billion, or 29.5 per cent, largely due to the removal of retaliatory steel and aluminum tariffs. Other excise taxes and duties were down $0.4 billion, or 5.8 per cent, driven primarily by a decrease in tobacco excise duties.
• EI premium revenues decreased by $0.1 billion, or 0.3 per cent, due to a decrease in the premium rate for 2020.
• Other revenues decreased by $0.8 billion, or 2.8 per cent, largely reflecting a decrease in enterprise Crown corporation profits due to COVID-19.

The revenue ratio—revenues as a percentage of GDP—compares the total of all federal revenues to the size of the economy. This ratio is influenced by changes in statutory tax rates and by economic developments. The ratio stood at 14.5 per cent in 2019-20 (down from 14.9 per cent in 2018-19). This decrease primarily reflects a year-over-year decline in other taxes and duties, particularly in customs import duty revenues due to the removal of retaliatory steel and aluminum tariffs, and a year-over-year decline in other revenues driven by lower enterprise Crown corporation profits due to COVID-19.

Expenses

Federal expenses can be broken down into four main categories: transfer payments, which account for roughly two-thirds of all federal spending, net actuarial losses, other direct program expenses and public debt charges.

Transfer payments are classified under four categories:

• Major transfers to persons, which made up 28.7 per cent of total expenses (up from 27.8 per cent in 2018-19). This category consists of elderly, EI, and children's benefits, and the new Canada Emergency Response Benefit.
• Major transfers to other levels of government—which include the Canada Health Transfer, the Canada Social Transfer, the home care and mental health transfers, fiscal arrangements (Equalization, transfers to the territories, a number of smaller transfer programs and the Quebec Abatement), Gas Tax Fund transfers, and transfers under the new Hibernia Dividend Backed Annuity Agreement—made up 21.2 per cent of total expenses in 2019-20 (down from 21.9 per cent in 2018-19).
• Fuel charge proceeds returned, consisting of payments under the new federal carbon pollution pricing system, made up 0.7 per cent of expenses.
• Other transfer payments, which include transfers to Indigenous peoples, assistance to farmers, students and businesses, support for research and development, and international assistance, made up 14.6 per cent of expenses (down from 14.9 per cent in 2018-19).

Net actuarial losses made up 2.8 per cent of total expenses in 2019-20, up from 2.4 per cent in 2018-19.

Other direct program expenses, which represent the operating expenses of the government's 134 departments, agencies, and consolidated Crown corporations and other entities, accounted for 25.5 per cent of total expenses in 2019-20 (down from 26.0 per cent in 2018-19).

Public debt charges made up the remaining 6.5 per cent of total expenses in 2019-20 (down from 6.7 per cent in 2018-19).

Expenses Compared to 2018-19

Total expenses amounted to $373.5 billion in 2019-20, up $27.3 billion, or 7.9 per cent, from 2018-19. The following table compares total expenses for 2019-20 to 2018-19.

• Major transfers to persons increased by $10.9 billion in 2019-20, reflecting increases across all major categories, as well as the new Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB), an income support program introduced under Canada's COVID-19 Economic Response Plan. Elderly benefits increased by $2.9 billion, or 5.4 per cent, reflecting growth in the elderly population and changes in consumer prices, to which benefits are fully indexed. EI benefits, which include $1.8 billion in CERB benefits to individuals eligible for EI in 2019-20, increased by $2.9 billion, or 15.2 per cent, as individuals qualified for increased benefits, and COVID-19 weakened labour market conditions near year-end. Children's benefits increased by $0.5 billion, or 1.9 per cent, reflecting the indexation of the Canada Child Benefit. CERB payments to those individuals not eligible for EI totalled $4.7 billion, bringing total transfers under the CERB to $6.5 billion.
• Major transfers to other levels of government increased by $3.3 billion in 2019-20, primarily reflecting $3.3 billion in legislated growth in the Canada Health Transfer, the Canada Social Transfer, Equalization transfers and transfers to the territories; $2.4 billion in transfers under the new Hibernia Dividend Backed Annuity Agreement reached on April 1, 2019 between Canada and Newfoundland and Labrador; and, $0.5 billion in transfers to provinces and territories for public health preparedness, critical health care system needs and to support mitigation efforts associated with COVID-19. These increases were offset in part by a decrease in Gas Tax fund transfers, reflecting a one-time, $2.2-billion increase to Gas Tax Fund transfers in the prior year, and a $0.8-billion increase in recoveries under the Quebec Abatement.
• Direct program expenses increased by $9.7 billion in 2019-20, or 6.8 per cent:
• Fuel charge proceeds returned increased by $2.0 billion, or 297.0 per cent, largely reflecting the accounting treatment of Climate Action Incentive payments, which requires some of the costs to be borne in the fiscal year prior to the fuel charge being collected because they are delivered through the personal income tax system through returns for the previous tax year. A portion of personal income tax returns are filed and assessed before the end of the fiscal year. As a result, fuel charge proceeds returned in 2019-20 reflect a portion of the Climate Action Incentive payments that were made in respect of fuel charge proceeds generated in 2019-20 and returned through 2018 tax returns, and a portion of the payments made in respect of proceeds to be generated in 2020-21 and returned through 2019 tax returns.
• Other transfer payments increased by $2.7 billion, or 5.1 per cent, in 2019-20, reflecting increases across a number of departments and agencies, including growth in transfers paid through the tax system, such as the Canada Workers Benefit, reflecting enhancements announced in Budget 2018; compensation for supply-managed dairy producers as a result of market access commitments made under recent international trade agreements; transfers under the new Interim Housing Assistance Program to address extraordinary interim housing pressures resulting from increased volumes of asylum claimants entering Canada; and, increased provisions for loan guarantees, reflecting the economic outlook at March 31, 2020.
• Other direct program expenses of departments, agencies, and consolidated Crown corporations and other entities increased by $5.1 billion, or 5.7 per cent, in large part due to an increase in personnel costs and increased provisions for bad debts.
• Public debt charges increased by $1.2 billion, or 5.1 per cent, reflecting higher Consumer Price Index adjustments on Real Return Bonds, an increase in the stock of Government of Canada treasury bills, and higher costs associated with marketable bonds.
• Net actuarial losses, which represent changes in the measurement of the government's obligations for pensions and other employee future benefits accrued in previous fiscal years, increased by $2.2 billion, or 26.9 per cent, due in large part to declines in year-end interest rates and increased costs associated with the utilization of disability and other future benefits provided to veterans.

There has been a large shift in the composition of total expenses since the mid-1990s. Public debt charges were the largest component for most of the 1990s, given the large and increasing stock of interest-bearing debt and high average effective interest rates on that stock of debt. Since reaching a high of nearly 30 per cent of total expenses in 1996-97, the share of public debt charges in total expenses has fallen by more than three-quarters.

The interest ratio (public debt charges as a percentage of revenues) shows the proportion of every dollar of revenue that is needed to pay interest and is therefore not available to pay for program initiatives. The lower the ratio, the more flexibility the government has to address the key priorities of Canadians. The interest ratio has been decreasing in recent years, falling from a peak of 37.6 per cent in 1990-91 to 7.3 per cent in 2019-20. This means that, in 2019-20, the government spent approximately 7 cents of every revenue dollar on interest on public debt.

Federal Debt

The federal debt (accumulated deficit) is the difference between the government's total liabilities and its total assets. With total liabilities of $1.2 trillion, financial assets of $435.7 billion and non-financial assets of $91.5 billion, the federal debt stood at $721.4 billion at March 31, 2020, up $35.9 billion from March 31, 2019.

The $35.9-billion increase in the federal debt reflects the 2019-20 budgetary deficit of $39.4 billion and $3.5 billion in other comprehensive income.

The following chart shows the federal debt since 1995-96. The federal debt stood at 31.3 per cent of GDP in 2019-20, up from 30.8 per cent in 2018-19.

Assets

The government's assets consist of financial assets (cash and other accounts receivable, taxes receivable, foreign exchange accounts, loans, investments and advances, and public sector pension assets) and non-financial assets (tangible capital assets, inventories, and prepaid expenses and other).

At March 31, 2020, financial assets amounted to $435.7 billion, up $22.7 billion from March 31, 2019. The increase in financial assets reflects increases in cash and other accounts receivable, foreign exchange accounts, loans, investments and advances, and public sector pension assets, offset in part by a decrease in taxes receivable.

• At March 31, 2020, cash and other accounts receivable totalled $52.6 billion, up $3.1 billion from March 31, 2019. Within this component, cash and cash equivalents decreased by $0.4 billion. The balance of cash and cash equivalents includes $20 billion that has been designated as a deposit held with respect to prudential liquidity management. Other accounts receivable increased by $3.5 billion, largely due to a $2.8-billion increase in cash collateral under International Swaps and Derivatives Association agreements in respect of outstanding cross-currency swap agreements and a $0.5-billion increase in dividends receivable from the Bank of Canada at year-end.
• Taxes receivable decreased by $6.5 billion during 2019-20 to $121.1 billion, largely stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic and deferrals of tax filing deadlines announced as part of the government's relief measures.
• Foreign exchange accounts increased by $5.2 billion in 2019-20, totalling $104.9 billion at March 31, 2020, due mainly to foreign exchange gains on the translation of the net assets denominated in foreign currencies to Canadian dollar equivalents as at March 31, 2020.
• Loans, investments and advances increased by $18.6 billion in 2019-20.
• Loans, investments and advances in enterprise Crown corporations and other government business enterprises increased by $16.9 billion. Capital investments in enterprise Crown corporations and other government business enterprises increased by $1.8 billion, largely reflecting support for COVID-19 liquidity and capital relief measures for businesses under the Business Credit Availability Program administered by the Business Development Bank of Canada, as well as support for additional lending capacity under Farm Credit Canada. Investments in enterprise Crown corporations and other government business enterprises grew by an additional $3.8 billion, primarily reflecting $3.6 billion in net profits and $3.5 billion in other comprehensive income recorded by these entities during 2019-20, offset in part by $3.6 billion in dividends paid to the government. Net loans and advances were up $11.9 billion, primarily reflecting a $10.5-billion increase in loans to Crown corporations under the consolidated borrowing framework, and $1.5 billion in financing to the Canada Development Investment Corporation from the Canada Account to finance construction activities for the Trans Mountain expansion project.
• Other loans, investments and advances increased by $1.7 billion, from $25.7 billion to $27.4 billion, largely reflecting an increase in loans and unconditionally repayable contributions to industry and growth in the Canada Student Loans portfolio, reflecting in part measures announced in Budget 2016, which increased the number of students participating in the program, as well as the number of students eligible to receive the maximum loan amounts.
• Public sector pension assets increased by $2.2 billion, largely reflecting an increase in the net assets under the Public Service Pension Fund.

At March 31, 2020, non-financial assets stood at $91.5 billion, up $4.9 billion from a year earlier. Of this growth, $4.7 billion relates to an increase in tangible capital assets and $0.5 billion relates to an increase in prepaid expenses, offset in part by a $0.4-billion decrease in inventories.

Liabilities

The government's liabilities consist of accounts payable and accrued liabilities and interest-bearing debt.

At March 31, 2020, accounts payable and accrued liabilities totalled $163.8 billion, up $4.1 billion from March 31, 2019. This increase reflects growth in other accounts payable and accrued liabilities, deferred revenue, and environmental liabilities and asset retirement obligations, offset in part by decreases in amounts payable related to tax, provisions for contingent liabilities, and interest and matured debt.

• Amounts payable related to tax decreased by $5.0 billion in 2019-20 from $65.2 billion at March 31, 2019, to $60.2 billion at March 31, 2020. This decrease largely reflects lower assessed refunds owing at the end of the fiscal year due to extended filing deadlines under the government's Economic Response Plan, as well as year-over-year differences in the timing of refunds.
• Other accounts payable and accrued liabilities increased by $6.4 billion in 2019-20. Within this component, accounts payable increased by $9.1 billion, due largely to the accrual of CERB benefits payable to individuals for the period of March 15 to March 31, 2020, the recording of a $2.3-billion liability to Newfoundland and Labrador under the new Hibernia Dividend Backed Annuity Agreement, as well as increased accrued liabilities for settled claims. These increases were offset in part by the payment in 2019-20 of a one-time $2.2-billion top-up to the Gas Tax Fund and $1.0 billion in funding for the Green Municipal Fund, announced in Budget 2019 and accrued at the end of 2018-19. Accrued salaries and benefits increased by $2.1 billion. Liabilities under tax collection agreements decreased by $4.7 billion, largely reflecting timing differences in payments to provinces and territories, while miscellaneous paylist deductions decreased by $0.1 billion. Notes payable to international organizations and other accounts payable decreased by $46 million and $30 million, respectively.
• Provisions for contingent liabilities decreased by $1.5 billion, largely reflecting the settlement of various claims and pending and threatened litigation.
• Environmental liabilities and asset retirement obligations increased by $1.5 billion in 2019-20, reflecting revisions to previously estimated provisions, net of remediation activities undertaken.
• Deferred revenue increased by $3.0 billion in 2019-20, primarily reflecting proceeds from the auction of spectrum licences in the 600 MHz Band, which concluded on April 4, 2019.
• Liabilities for interest and matured debt decreased by $0.2 billion from the prior year.

Interest-bearing debt includes unmatured debt, or debt issued on the credit markets, pension and other future benefit liabilities, and other liabilities. At March 31, 2020, interest-bearing debt totalled $1,084.8 billion, up $59.3 billion from March 31, 2019. Within interest-bearing debt, unmatured debt increased by $46.8 billion, liabilities for pensions decreased by $0.2 billion, liabilities for other employee and veteran future benefits increased by $12.5 billion, and other liabilities increased by $0.1 billion.

International Comparisons of Government Debt

Jurisdictional responsibility (between central, state and local governments) for government programs differs among countries. As a result, international comparisons of government fiscal positions are made on a total government, National Accounts basis. For Canada, total government net debt includes that of the federal, provincial/territorial and local governments, as well as the net assets held in the Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan.

Canada's total government net debt-to-GDP ratio stood at 25.9 per cent in 2019, according to the IMF. This is the lowest level among G7 countries, which the IMF estimates will record an average net debt of 88.1 per cent of GDP in that same year.

The following table provides a reconciliation between the Government of Canada's federal debt-to-GDP ratio and Canada's total government net debt-to-GDP ratio used for international debt comparison purposes. Importantly, Canada's total government net debt-to-GDP ratio includes the net debt of the federal, provincial, territorial and local governments as well as the net assets held by the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Québec Pension Plan (QPP), and excludes liabilities for public sector pensions and other employee future benefits.

Financial Source/Requirement

The budgetary balance is the most comprehensive measure of the federal government's fiscal results. It is presented on an accrual basis of accounting, recording government expenses when they are incurred, regardless of when the cash payment is made, and recording tax revenues when earned, regardless of when the cash is received.

In contrast, the financial source/requirement measures the difference between cash coming in to the government and cash going out. It differs from the budgetary balance in that it includes cash transactions in loans, investments and advances, public sector pensions and other employee future benefits, other specified purpose accounts, foreign exchange activities, and changes in other financial assets, liabilities and non-financial assets. These activities are included as part of non-budgetary transactions.

Non-budgetary transactions also include adjustments for the effects of non-cash items included in the budgetary balance and for any accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. Examples of non-cash items include amortization of tangible capital assets, pension and other employee future benefit expenses not funded in the period, and the recognition of previously deferred revenue.

Non-budgetary transactions resulted in a net requirement of funds amounting to $7.8 billion in 2019-20, compared to a net source of funds of $1.2 billion in 2018-19. The year-over-year increase in the financial requirement from non-budgetary transactions was due in large part to an increase in the financial requirement related to loans, investments and advances, primarily reflecting increased loans to Crown corporations under the consolidated borrowing framework, as well as capital investments in enterprise Crown corporations and other government business enterprises to support COVID-19 liquidity and capital relief measures.

With a budgetary deficit of $39.4 billion and a financial requirement from non-budgetary transactions of $7.8 billion, there was a total financial requirement of $47.2 billion in 2019-20, compared to a financial requirement of $12.7 billion in 2018-19 (Table 9).

The government financed this financial requirement of $47.2 billion by decreasing its cash balances by $0.4 billion and increasing unmatured debt by $46.8 billion. Cash balances at the end of March 2020 stood at $37.2 billion, down from $37.6 billion at the end of March 2019.

Report of The Independent Auditor on The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

To the Minister of Finance

Opinion

The condensed consolidated financial statements, which comprise the condensed consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 March 2020, the condensed consolidated statement of operations and accumulated deficit, condensed consolidated statement of change in net debt and condensed consolidated statement of cash flow for the year then ended, and related notes, are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Government of Canada for the year ended 31 March 2020.

In our opinion, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are a fair summary of the audited consolidated financial statements of the Government of Canada, on the basis described in Note 1.

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The condensed consolidated financial statements do not contain all the disclosures required by Canadian public sector accounting standards. Reading the condensed consolidated financial statements and the auditor's report thereon, therefore, is not a substitute for reading the audited consolidated financial statements of the Government of Canada and the auditor's report thereon.

The Audited Consolidated Financial Statements of the Government of Canada and Our Report Thereon

We expressed an unmodified audit opinion on the audited consolidated financial statements of the Government of Canada in our report dated 9 October 2020.

Management's Responsibility for the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements on the basis described in Note 1.

Auditor's Responsibility

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on whether the condensed consolidated financial statements are a fair summary of the audited consolidated financial statements of the Government of Canada based on our procedures, which were conducted in accordance with Canadian Auditing Standard (CAS) 810, Engagements to Report on Summary Financial Statements.

Original signed by:

Karen Hogan, CPA, CA
Auditor General of Canada

Ottawa, Canada
9 October 2020

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Government of Canada

The fundamental purpose of these condensed consolidated financial statements is to provide an overview of the financial affairs and resources for which the Government is responsible under authority granted by Parliament. Responsibility for the integrity and objectivity of these statements rests with the Government.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Government of Canada

1. Applied Criteria in the Preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The criteria applied by the Government in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements are as follows:

1. These condensed consolidated financial statements are extracted from the audited consolidated financial statements included in Section 2 of Volume I of the Public Accounts of Canada 2020, which are to be tabled in Parliament.
2. The condensed consolidated financial statements are in agreement with the related information in the audited consolidated financial statements and contain the information necessary to avoid distorting or obscuring matters disclosed in the related complete audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto.
3. As these condensed consolidated financial statements are, by their nature, summarized, they do not include all disclosures required by Canadian public sector accounting standards.
4. Readers interested in the disclosure of more detailed data should refer to the audited consolidated financial statements in the Public Accounts of Canada.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The reporting entity of the Government of Canada includes all of the government organizations that comprise the legal entity of the government as well as other government organizations, including Crown corporations, which are separate legal entities but are controlled by the government. The financial activities of all of these entities, except for enterprise Crown corporations and other government business enterprises, are consolidated in these financial statements on a line-by-line and uniform basis of accounting after eliminating significant inter-governmental balances and transactions. Enterprise Crown corporations and other government business enterprises, which are not dependent on the government for financing their activities, are recorded under the modified equity method. The Canada Pension Plan (CPP), which includes the assets of the CPP under the administration of the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, is excluded from the reporting entity because changes to the CPP require the agreement of two thirds of participating provinces and it is therefore not controlled by the government.

The government accounts for transactions on an accrual basis, using the government's accounting policies that are described in Note 1 to its audited consolidated financial statements, which are based on Canadian public sector accounting standards. The presentation and results using the stated accounting policies do not result in any significant differences from Canadian public sector accounting standards.

Financial assets presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position can provide resources to discharge liabilities or finance future operations and are recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Non-financial assets cannot normally be converted into cash to finance future operations without disrupting government operations; they are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization. Liabilities are recorded at the estimated amount ultimately payable, adjusted for the passage of time, as required. Obligations for pensions and other future benefits are measured on an actuarial basis. Allowances for valuation are established for loans, investments and advances, as well as for loan guarantees and other obligations.

Some amounts in these condensed consolidated financial statements are based on estimates and assumptions made by the government. They are based on facts and circumstances, historical experience, general economic conditions and reflect the government's best estimate of the related amount at the end of the reporting period. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed annually at March 31. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which estimates are revised if revisions affect only that period or in the period of revision and future periods if revisions affect both current and future periods.

Measurement uncertainty that is material exists when it is reasonably possible that a material variance could occur in the reported or disclosed amount in the near term. Near term is defined as a period of time not to exceed one year from March 31. The government has determined that measurement uncertainty exists with respect to the reported amounts for public sector pensions and other employee and veteran future benefits; the provision for contingent liabilities; the accrual of tax revenues and the related amounts receivable and payable and the allowance for doubtful accounts; environmental liabilities and asset retirement obligations; enterprise Crown corporations and other government business enterprises; other loans, investments and advances; the expected useful life of tangible capital assets; contractual rights; and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (Note 7). It is reasonably possible that the government's reassessments of these estimates and assumptions could require a material change in reported amounts or disclosures in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. Comparative Information

The Government of Canada has changed the presentation of the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Accumulated Deficit to present separately the recognition of actuarial gains and losses related to public sector pensions and other employee and veteran future benefits. These amounts were previously presented within the Other expenses line item but are now presented in a new condensed consolidated financial statement line item titled Net actuarial losses. A new subtotal line titled Annual deficit before net actuarial losses has also been added. The purpose of this revised presentation is to enhance financial reporting and decision-making for users of the condensed consolidated financial statements by isolating the impacts of re-measurements of public sector pension and other employee and veteran future benefit obligations, which are often significant and can therefore potentially mask underlying events and trends in current government spending. The related comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

In addition, certain amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

4. Source of Budget Amounts

The budget amounts included in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Accumulated Deficit and the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Change in Net Debt are derived from the amounts that were budgeted for 2020 in the March 2019 Budget Plan (Budget 2019). To enhance comparability with actual 2020 results, Budget 2019 amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation in the condensed consolidated financial statements, with no overall impact on the budgeted 2020 annual deficit.

Since actual opening balances of the accumulated deficit and net debt were not available at the time of preparation of Budget 2019, the corresponding amounts in the budget column have been adjusted to the actual closing balances of the previous year.

5. Contractual Obligations and Contractual Rights

The nature of government activities results in large multi-year contracts and agreements, including international treaties, protocols and agreements of various size and importance. Any financial obligations resulting from these contracts and agreements are recorded as a liability when the terms for the acquisition of goods and services or the provision of transfer payments are met.

Contractual obligations that will materially affect the level of future expenditures include transfer payment agreements, agreements for the acquisition of goods and services, operating leases and funding of international organizations. At March 31, 2020, contractual obligations amount to $179,419 million, of which $51,543 million pertains to fiscal year 2021.

The activities of government sometimes involve the negotiation of contracts or agreements with outside parties that result in the government having rights to both assets and revenues in the future. They principally involve sales of goods and services, leases of property, and royalties and profit-sharing arrangements. The terms of these contracts and agreements may not allow for a reasonable estimate of future revenues. For contracts and agreements that do allow for a reasonable estimate, total revenues to be received in the future under major contractual rights are estimated at $37,218 million at March 31, 2020, of which $2,984 million pertains to fiscal year 2021.

6. Contingent Liabilities

Contingent liabilities arise in the normal course of operations and their ultimate disposition is unknown. Contingent liabilities are potential liabilities that may become actual liabilities when one or more future events not wholly within the government's control occur or fail to occur. A provision is recorded when the potential liabilities are assessed as likely to become an actual liability and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. The government's contingent liabilities include claims comprising pending and threatened litigation, specific claims and comprehensive land claims; guarantees provided by the government; assessed taxes under appeal; callable share capital in international organizations; and, insurance programs of agent enterprise Crown corporations.

1. There are thousands of claims, including pending and threatened litigation, specific claims and comprehensive land claims outstanding against the government. While the total amount claimed in these actions is significant, their outcomes are not determinable in all cases. The government has recorded an allowance for claims where it is likely that there will be a future payment and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. Significant exposure to a liability could exist in excess of what has been accrued. Claims and litigation for which the outcome is not determinable and for which an amount has not been accrued are estimated at approximately $4,648 million ($8,528 million in 2019).
2. Guarantees provided by the government include guarantees on the borrowings of enterprise Crown corporations and other government business enterprises, loan guarantees, insurance programs managed by the government or agent Crown corporations, and other explicit guarantees. At March 31, 2020, the principal amount outstanding for guarantees provided by the government amounts to $564,298 million ($551,336 million in 2019) for which an allowance of $761 million ($277 million in 2019) has been recorded. Of the total amount guaranteed, $309,909 million ($294,734 million in 2019) relates to guarantees on the borrowings of agent enterprise Crown corporations.
3. Contingent liabilities include previously assessed federal taxes where amounts are being appealed to the Tax Court of Canada, the Federal Court of Canada, or the Supreme Court of Canada. As of March 31, 2020, an amount of $4,373 million ($4,467 million in 2019) was being appealed to the courts. The government has recorded, in accounts payable and accrued liabilities or in reduction of cash and accounts receivable, as applicable, the estimated amount of appeals that are considered likely to be lost and that can be reasonably estimated.
4. The government has callable share capital in certain international organizations that could require payments to those agencies. At March 31, 2020, callable share capital amounts to $36,533 million ($34,750 million in 2019).
5. At March 31, 2020, insurance in force relating to self-sustaining insurance programs operated by four agent enterprise Crown corporations amounts to $1,802,143 million ($1,772,785 million in 2019). The government expects that all four corporations will cover the cost of both current claims and possible future claims.

7. Subsequent Events

In March 2020, the World Health Organization classified the outbreak of COVID-19 disease as a global pandemic. In response, the government enacted emergency measures to combat the spread of the virus and announced the COVID-19 Economic Response Plan to help stabilize the economy during the pandemic. The impact of the measures for which accounting recognition criteria were met prior to March 31, 2020, are recognized in the government's 2020 condensed consolidated financial statements. Since most of the measures were implemented subsequent to year-end, the government's 2021 condensed consolidated financial statements will be more significantly impacted.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to additional measurement uncertainty in the preparation of the government's condensed consolidated financial statements given the declining economic situation that prevailed at and after year end. Historical experience related to certain estimates in the condensed consolidated financial statements may not be relevant, or may not be as reliable as before, in predicting future outcomes. This may lead to a greater possibility of a material variance between estimates recognized or disclosed in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the results ultimately realized. Accounting estimates subject to additional measurement uncertainty due to the pandemic include the provisions for accounts receivable; contingent liabilities; public sector pensions and other employee and veteran future benefits; and loans, investments and advances, including those that may result from lending programs of enterprise Crown corporations.

The emergency measures introduced by the government are intended to protect the health and safety of Canadians and provide direct support to Canadian workers and businesses. Legislation was enacted to provide the government additional borrowing authority to fund the response to the crisis without the amounts counting towards the maximum amounts set out in the Borrowing Authority Act. Between April 1 and July 31, 2020, the government had increased its unmatured debt by $323 billion to meet the government's projected financial requirements under the Economic Response Plan up to that date.

Federal revenues are projected to be lower in 2021 as compared to 2020, largely due to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on both employment levels and business activity.

Major government announcements, including the Speech from the Throne in September 2020, and legislation introduced in Parliament authorizing new spending measures from April 1, 2020 onward, will have a significant impact on the 2021 condensed consolidated financial statements. As this pandemic is ongoing and the government response is continuing to evolve, the government is unable to reliably estimate at this time the full impact on the unmatured debt or financial results of future years.

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¹ This section incorporates data available up to and including August 26, 2020. The annual results are on a calendar year basis, unless otherwise specified.

² Economic and Fiscal Snapshot 2020.