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Fiscal Reference Tables 2023: Part 9 of 9

International Fiscal Comparisons

Table 51
G7 general government revenue
National Accounts basis
(per cent of GDP)
Year Canada United
States		 Japan United
Kingdom		 Germany France Italy G7 average(1)
1980 36.9 - 26.4 36.2 - 46.0 - -
1981 38.9 - 27.7 37.6 - 46.6 - -
1982 39.5 - 27.9 38.6 - 47.4 - -
1983 39.0 - 27.9 37.2 - 48.2 - -
1984 38.8 - 28.6 37.1 - 48.9 - -
1985 38.7 - 29.0 36.9 - 49.3 - -
1986 39.5 - 29.0 36.0 - 48.7 - -
1987 39.7 - 30.2 34.8 - 49.3 - -
1988 40.3 - 30.3 34.5 - 48.1 37.8 -
1989 40.5 - 30.3 34.2 - 47.7 38.6 -
1990 42.2 - 31.3 33.5 - 47.7 43.2 -
1991 43.1 - 30.9 33.1 43.3 48.4 44.4 -
1992 43.3 - 30.8 32.4 44.7 48.0 46.8 -
1993 42.5 - 29.7 31.1 45.1 48.8 48.2 -
1994 42.1 - 29.0 31.7 45.8 49.2 46.4 -
1995 42.2 - 29.1 32.6 45.7 49.7 44.4 -
1996 42.8 - 28.9 32.0 45.8 51.0 44.9 -
1997 43.5 - 29.6 32.8 45.6 50.9 46.5 -
1998 43.5 - 28.6 34.0 45.6 50.5 45.2 -
1999 43.4 - 28.8 34.5 46.5 51.0 45.4 -
2000 43.2 - 28.7 35.3 46.2 50.3 44.1 -
2001 41.6 32.3 29.0 34.8 44.4 50.3 44.1 35.0
2002 40.2 29.9 28.1 33.9 44.0 49.6 43.8 33.6
2003 40.1 29.3 27.6 34.0 44.6 49.3 44.0 33.7
2004 39.9 29.5 28.4 34.8 43.5 49.4 43.4 34.1
2005 40.1 30.9 29.1 35.3 43.5 49.9 43.2 34.9
2006 40.5 31.7 30.0 35.6 43.6 50.4 44.2 35.6
2007 40.3 31.6 30.2 35.9 43.7 49.9 45.4 36.0
2008 39.0 30.5 30.0 35.7 44.1 50.0 45.3 35.6
2009 39.5 28.2 29.0 34.5 45.1 50.0 46.0 34.2
2010 38.3 28.8 28.7 35.4 43.8 50.0 45.7 34.0
2011 38.3 29.1 29.6 36.1 44.4 51.1 45.6 34.7
2012 38.4 29.1 30.4 36.1 44.9 52.1 47.6 34.8
2013 38.5 31.3 31.2 36.5 45.0 53.1 48.1 36.3
2014 38.5 31.4 32.8 35.7 44.9 53.3 47.9 36.5
2015 40.0 31.7 33.6 35.7 45.1 53.2 47.8 36.3
2016 40.3 31.2 33.6 36.2 45.5 53.0 46.7 36.0
2017 40.3 30.6 33.6 36.6 45.5 53.5 46.3 35.8
2018 41.0 30.2 34.3 36.6 46.3 53.4 46.2 35.8
2019 40.6 30.2 34.2 36.3 46.5 52.3 47.0 35.6
2020 41.8 30.8 35.5 36.9 46.1 52.5 47.3 36.1
2021 41.5 31.4 36.6 38.0 47.5 52.5 48.3 36.9
2022 40.8 33.0 36.2 38.9 47.1 53.6 48.8 37.4
Sources: IMF, World Economic Outlook database and Fiscal Monitor (April 2023).
(1) G7 average weighted by nominal GDP converted to U.S. dollars at average market exchange rates.
Table 52
G7 general government total expenditure
National Accounts basis
(per cent of GDP)
Year Canada United
States		 Japan United
Kingdom		 Germany France Italy G7 average(1)
1980 40.9 - 30.8 39.0 - 46.4 - -
1981 41.8 - 31.5 41.4 - 49.0 - -
1982 46.4 - 31.8 40.9 - 50.2 - -
1983 47.0 - 31.9 40.1 - 50.7 - -
1984 46.8 - 31.2 40.3 - 51.7 - -
1985 47.5 - 30.4 39.4 - 52.3 - -
1986 46.8 - 30.4 38.2 - 51.9 - -
1987 45.4 - 30.6 36.4 - 51.3 - -
1988 44.8 - 29.8 34.2 - 50.6 48.4 -
1989 45.3 - 29.1 33.6 - 49.5 49.6 -
1990 48.1 - 29.4 34.9 - 50.1 54.3 -
1991 51.4 - 29.2 35.7 46.5 51.3 55.5 -
1992 52.5 - 30.2 37.8 47.3 52.6 56.9 -
1993 51.5 - 32.1 37.8 48.2 55.2 57.9 -
1994 49.0 - 32.8 37.5 48.3 54.6 55.2 -
1995 47.7 - 33.4 37.6 55.1 54.8 51.6 -
1996 45.9 - 33.8 35.6 49.4 54.9 51.5 -
1997 43.5 - 33.1 34.7 48.6 54.5 49.5 -
1998 43.4 - 38.6 34.3 48.1 52.9 48.2 -
1999 41.8 - 35.6 33.9 48.2 52.6 47.2 -
2000 40.6 - 36.0 33.9 47.8 51.7 46.5 -
2001 41.1 32.8 35.2 34.6 47.4 51.7 47.3 37.0
2002 40.4 33.7 35.4 35.8 47.9 52.8 46.7 37.7
2003 40.3 34.0 35.0 37.1 48.3 53.3 47.2 38.4
2004 39.1 33.7 33.7 37.9 46.8 53.0 46.9 38.0
2005 38.5 33.9 33.5 38.4 46.8 53.3 47.2 38.1
2006 38.7 33.7 33.1 38.3 45.2 52.9 47.8 37.8
2007 38.5 34.6 33.1 38.5 43.4 52.6 46.8 38.2
2008 38.8 37.1 34.1 40.9 44.2 53.3 47.8 40.1
2009 43.4 41.4 38.7 44.5 48.2 57.2 51.1 44.0
2010 43.1 39.8 37.7 44.6 48.1 56.9 49.9 42.8
2011 41.6 38.8 38.6 43.5 45.2 56.3 49.2 42.0
2012 40.9 37.2 38.6 43.7 44.9 57.1 50.6 41.2
2013 40.0 35.8 38.8 42.0 44.9 57.2 51.0 40.5
2014 38.4 35.4 38.4 41.2 44.3 57.2 50.9 40.1
2015 40.0 35.2 37.3 40.3 44.1 56.8 50.3 39.3
2016 40.8 35.6 37.2 39.5 44.4 56.7 49.1 39.3
2017 40.5 35.4 36.7 39.0 44.2 56.5 48.8 39.1
2018 40.7 35.6 36.7 38.7 44.3 55.6 48.4 39.2
2019 40.6 36.0 37.3 38.5 45.0 55.4 48.5 39.4
2020 52.7 44.8 44.6 49.9 50.4 61.5 57.0 47.8
2021 45.9 43.0 42.8 46.3 51.3 59.1 57.3 46.0
2022 41.5 38.5 44.0 45.1 49.7 58.5 56.8 42.8
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook database and Fiscal Monitor (April 2023).
(1) G7 average weighted by nominal GDP converted to U.S. dollars at average market exchange rates.
Table 53
G7 general government overall balance
National Accounts basis
(per cent of GDP)
Year Canada United
States		 Japan United
Kingdom		 Germany France Italy G7 average(1)
1980 -4.0 - -4.4 -2.8 - -0.4 - -
1981 -2.9 - -3.9 -3.8 - -2.4 - -
1982 -6.9 - -3.8 -2.3 - -2.8 - -
1983 -8.0 - -4.0 -2.9 - -2.5 - -
1984 -7.9 - -2.6 -3.2 - -2.7 - -
1985 -8.8 - -1.4 -2.5 - -3.0 - -
1986 -7.3 - -1.4 -2.3 - -3.2 - -
1987 -5.7 - -0.4 -1.6 - -2.0 - -
1988 -4.5 - 0.5 0.3 - -2.6 -10.6 -
1989 -4.7 - 1.2 0.6 - -1.8 -11.0 -
1990 -5.9 - 2.0 -1.4 - -2.4 -11.2 -
1991 -8.4 - 1.7 -2.6 -3.2 -2.9 -11.1 -
1992 -9.2 - 0.6 -5.5 -2.6 -4.6 -10.1 -
1993 -8.9 - -2.4 -6.7 -3.1 -6.4 -9.8 -
1994 -6.9 - -3.8 -5.7 -2.5 -5.4 -8.8 -
1995 -5.5 - -4.3 -5.0 -9.4 -5.1 -7.2 -
1996 -3.1 - -4.9 -3.5 -3.6 -3.9 -6.6 -
1997 0.0 - -3.5 -2.0 -2.9 -3.7 -3.0 -
1998 0.1 - -10.0 -0.3 -2.6 -2.4 -3.0 -
1999 1.7 - -6.7 0.6 -1.7 -1.6 -1.8 -
2000 2.6 - -7.3 1.4 -1.6 -1.3 -2.4 -
2001 0.5 -0.5 -6.2 0.2 -3.0 -1.4 -3.2 -2.0
2002 -0.2 -3.8 -7.3 -1.9 -3.9 -3.2 -2.9 -4.1
2003 -0.1 -4.8 -7.4 -3.1 -3.7 -4.0 -3.2 -4.7
2004 0.8 -4.2 -5.3 -3.0 -3.3 -3.6 -3.5 -3.9
2005 1.6 -3.1 -4.4 -3.1 -3.3 -3.4 -4.1 -3.2
2006 1.8 -2.0 -3.0 -2.8 -1.7 -2.4 -3.6 -2.2
2007 1.8 -2.9 -2.9 -2.6 0.3 -2.6 -1.3 -2.2
2008 0.2 -6.6 -4.1 -5.1 -0.1 -3.3 -2.6 -4.5
2009 -3.9 -13.2 -9.7 -10.0 -3.2 -7.2 -5.1 -9.8
2010 -4.7 -11.0 -9.1 -9.2 -4.4 -6.9 -4.2 -8.8
2011 -3.3 -9.7 -9.0 -7.5 -0.9 -5.2 -3.6 -7.4
2012 -2.5 -8.1 -8.2 -7.6 0.0 -5.0 -2.9 -6.4
2013 -1.5 -4.5 -7.6 -5.5 0.0 -4.1 -2.9 -4.3
2014 0.2 -4.0 -5.6 -5.5 0.6 -3.9 -3.0 -3.6
2015 -0.1 -3.5 -3.7 -4.5 1.0 -3.6 -2.6 -3.0
2016 -0.5 -4.4 -3.6 -3.3 1.2 -3.6 -2.4 -3.3
2017 -0.1 -4.8 -3.1 -2.4 1.3 -3.0 -2.4 -3.3
2018 0.4 -5.3 -2.5 -2.2 2.0 -2.3 -2.2 -3.3
2019 0.0 -5.7 -3.0 -2.2 1.5 -3.1 -1.5 -3.8
2020 -10.9 -14.0 -9.1 -13.0 -4.3 -9.0 -9.7 -11.6
2021 -4.4 -11.6 -6.2 -8.3 -3.7 -6.5 -9.0 -9.1
2022 -0.7 -5.5 -7.8 -6.3 -2.6 -4.9 -8.0 -5.4
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook database and Fiscal Monitor (April 2023).
(1) G7 average weighted by nominal GDP converted to U.S. dollars at average market exchange rates.
Table 54
G7 general government net debt
National Accounts basis
(per cent of GDP)
Year Canada United States Japan United Kingdom Germany France Italy G7 average(1)
1980 14.4 - 17.4 40.8 - - - -
1981 13.5 - 21.1 43.0 - - - -
1982 19.2 - 25.4 42.8 - - - -
1983 25.6 - 30.1 41.4 - 13.2 - -
1984 29.5 - 32.5 41.9 - 15.2 - -
1985 35.2 - 33.8 41.6 - 22.8 - -
1986 39.6 - 36.6 40.5 - 25.5 - -
1987 39.2 - 33.8 37.7 - 24.8 - -
1988 38.3 - 28.4 34.0 - 24.9 91.1 -
1989 41.3 - 22.3 28.7 - 25.0 93.6 -
1990 43.8 - 19.0 25.5 - 25.8 96.7 -
1991 50.2 - 17.3 24.6 - 28.4 99.9 -
1992 56.6 - 19.4 26.1 - 31.3 107.1 -
1993 62.0 - 23.6 30.3 - 36.0 117.6 -
1994 66.1 - 29.6 35.3 - 41.9 123.6 -
1995 66.6 - 34.3 39.2 41.4 46.1 105.2 -
1996 65.6 - 39.1 42.2 44.3 49.3 109.5 -
1997 61.3 - 44.9 39.3 45.5 50.3 107.5 -
1998 57.4 - 54.2 37.2 47.0 50.6 105.5 -
1999 50.5 - 63.4 35.9 48.0 50.5 103.6 -
2000 42.0 - 67.8 30.6 44.9 49.7 99.7 -
2001 40.3 34.0 74.6 29.4 46.1 49.5 99.9 47.6
2002 38.9 36.4 83.5 30.0 48.6 51.2 97.8 50.3
2003 35.4 39.2 89.5 31.5 52.4 55.0 97.8 53.8
2004 34.5 47.8 94.2 34.3 54.9 56.7 97.1 59.1
2005 29.1 46.5 94.1 35.5 57.5 58.9 97.5 58.2
2006 24.8 45.1 93.1 36.1 56.2 58.0 97.9 56.4
2007 21.8 45.3 94.4 36.5 53.4 58.0 95.7 55.8
2008 22.4 51.6 105.7 43.4 53.2 59.8 97.2 61.9
2009 26.8 62.6 120.3 56.4 60.0 69.8 106.4 73.5
2010 28.3 69.8 128.9 66.9 62.0 73.6 108.2 79.8
2011 28.9 76.3 139.9 71.6 60.1 76.4 109.5 85.2
2012 28.6 80.4 144.0 74.6 59.4 80.0 114.1 88.4
2013 26.6 80.3 142.8 75.8 58.4 83.0 119.2 86.6
2014 21.7 81.1 144.9 77.9 54.9 85.5 121.4 86.4
2015 18.5 80.9 144.5 78.2 52.2 86.3 122.2 85.8
2016 18.0 81.8 149.5 77.6 49.3 89.2 121.6 87.7
2017 12.5 80.4 148.1 76.2 45.0 89.4 121.3 85.4
2018 11.6 81.1 151.1 75.4 42.2 89.2 121.8 85.5
2019 8.5 83.1 151.7 74.6 40.1 88.9 121.7 86.2
2020 15.7 98.3 162.3 94.5 45.4 101.7 141.4 99.9
2021 15.4 98.3 156.9 96.7 45.6 100.6 137.3 98.0
2022 13.9 94.2 162.7 91.9 45.1 99.0 133.0 94.2
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook database and Fiscal Monitor (April 2023)
(1) G7 average weighted by nominal GDP converted to U.S. dollars at average market exchange rates.
Table 55
G7 general government gross debt
National Accounts basis
(per cent of GDP)
Year Canada United States Japan United Kingdom Germany France Italy G7 average(1)
1980 44.6 - 47.8 42.5 - 20.8 - -
1981 46.1 - 52.9 44.7 - 22.0 - -
1982 51.7 - 57.8 43.0 - 25.4 - -
1983 57.2 - 63.6 41.8 - 26.7 - -
1984 60.2 - 65.6 42.2 - 29.1 - -
1985 65.2 - 68.3 41.3 - 30.7 - -
1986 69.3 - 74.0 41.3 - 31.3 - -
1987 69.8 - 75.7 39.3 - 33.7 - -
1988 69.7 - 71.8 37.0 - 33.6 95.9 -
1989 71.0 - 65.5 32.5 - 34.4 98.6 -
1990 73.7 - 63.0 28.5 - 35.6 101.9 -
1991 81.7 - 62.2 28.4 39.0 36.5 105.5 -
1992 88.2 - 66.6 33.2 41.5 40.2 113.2 -
1993 94.7 - 72.7 37.9 45.1 46.6 124.3 -
1994 97.5 - 84.4 40.7 47.5 49.9 131.1 -
1995 100.1 - 92.5 43.6 54.9 56.1 119.4 -
1996 100.2 - 98.1 43.7 57.8 60.0 119.1 -
1997 95.3 - 105.0 43.2 58.9 61.4 116.8 -
1998 93.3 - 116.0 40.8 59.5 61.4 114.1 -
1999 89.0 - 129.5 39.3 60.4 60.5 113.3 -
2000 80.4 - 135.6 36.6 59.3 58.9 109.0 -
2001 81.5 53.1 145.1 33.8 58.2 58.3 108.9 74.8
2002 79.6 55.5 154.1 34.1 59.9 60.3 106.4 76.6
2003 75.9 58.6 160.0 35.3 63.5 64.4 105.5 79.7
2004 71.9 66.1 169.5 38.2 65.2 65.9 105.1 84.8
2005 70.6 65.4 174.6 39.4 67.5 67.4 106.6 84.9
2006 69.9 64.2 174.1 40.5 66.9 64.6 106.7 82.4
2007 67.2 64.6 173.0 41.6 64.2 64.5 103.9 80.7
2008 70.4 73.4 180.9 49.2 65.7 68.1 106.2 88.5
2009 81.9 86.6 198.8 63.1 73.2 79.0 116.6 103.2
2010 84.0 95.1 205.9 74.0 82.0 81.8 119.2 111.4
2011 84.3 99.5 219.2 79.8 79.4 85.2 119.7 116.4
2012 87.2 103.0 226.1 83.1 80.7 89.4 126.5 120.6
2013 87.6 104.5 229.5 84.1 78.3 92.2 132.5 118.4
2014 85.5 104.5 233.3 86.1 75.3 94.8 135.4 117.4
2015 92.0 105.1 228.3 86.7 71.9 95.4 135.3 116.4
2016 92.4 107.2 232.4 86.6 69.0 96.1 134.8 119.5
2017 90.9 106.2 231.3 85.6 64.6 98.1 134.2 117.5
2018 90.8 107.4 232.4 85.2 61.3 97.8 134.4 117.2
2019 90.2 108.7 236.4 84.5 58.9 97.4 134.1 118.3
2020 118.9 133.5 258.7 105.6 68.0 114.7 154.9 140.4
2021 115.1 126.4 255.4 108.1 68.6 112.6 149.8 134.1
2022 106.6 121.7 261.3 102.6 66.5 111.1 144.7 128.4
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook database and Fiscal Monitor (April 2023)
(1) G7 average weighted by nominal GDP converted to U.S. dollars at average market exchange rates

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