ᓂᖏᕐᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒃ: ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎ 2021

Alternate format

ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖓᑕ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᑦ

ᑭᓲᕙᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖏᑦ?

ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃ ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑦᓯᓲᖑᒻᒪᑕ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥ ᓄᓇᒥᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖏᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᖅᑎᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖃᑦᑕᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᓗᑎᑦ. ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖏᑦ ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑕᐅᓲᖑᕗᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ, ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ, ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᒫᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓪᓗ. ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖏᑦ ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᒍᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ, ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᖅᐹᖑᓪᓗᓂᓗ, ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᐅᓂᖏᑦ. ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖏᑦ ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᒍᑦ, 1994 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖃᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᖅᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᓪᓗ.

ᖃᓄᖅ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᕈᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᑎᑕᖏᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᑑᑎᔅᓴᓃᙶᖅᑐᑦ 2018ᒥ ᐃᑲᔫᑎᖃᕐᓯᒪᕙᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᓗ ᓯᕕᑦᑐᕆᐊᕐᓯᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᑦᑎᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᓗ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᓗ ᑎᒻᒥᐊᖃᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ?

ᐊᕙᑎᑦᑎᓐᓅᖓᔪᑦ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᕐᖓᑕ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᓴᕐᓂᑦ ᐱᕈᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᑎᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᖓᑖᓂ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ $1.3 ᕕᓕᐊᓐᓂᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᑎᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᓗ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓅᖓᔪᓂᑦ ᓯᕕᑦᑐᕆᐊᕐᓯᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᓗ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᑎᒻᒥᐊᖃᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ, ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᑎᖃᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐆᒪᓂᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑐᒡᒍᑎᓄᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᔪᓐᓇᕐᓯᑎᑦᑎᒋᐊᒃᑲᓂᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᓐᓂᑦ.

ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᑑᑎᔅᓴᑦ 2018ᒥ, ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᓗ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᒋᐊᒃᑲᓂᕐᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᖏᓂᕐᓴᒥᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗᓗ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᑎᔅᓴᖃᕐᓂᕐᓴᐅᓕᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᑦᑎᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᓗ ᓇᐅᑦᑎᕐᓱᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᓐᓃᐸᑦᑐᓂᑦ.

ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᐊᖏᑎᒋᕙ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖓᒍᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᓯᐊᑦᓯᒪᔪᑦ?

ᒫᓐᓇ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᐅᔪᑦ ᓯᐊᑦᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᑎᑦᑐᒋᑦ 55−ᖑᕗᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 92 ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖏᑦ ᑲᑎᑕᐃᓐᓇᕆᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᖓ 14 ᒥᓕᔭᓐ ᕼᐃᒃᑎᐅᔅ ᓯᕕᑐᓂᖓ ᑲᓇᑕᓕᒫᒥ.

ᑭᓲᕙ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑦ?

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒋᔭᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕆᐊᖃᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᒫᕐᓂᐊᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖓᑕ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔾᔪᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᒋᐊᓕᓐᓄᑦ, ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᒥᖕ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᕐᑎᑦᓯᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑐᕌᖓᔪᓂᑦ. ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᐊ ᓱᓐᓂᕐᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᓐᖑᕈᑎᒋᓚᐅᕐᑕᖏᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕖᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓃᑦᑐᑦ. ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐅᐸᓗᖓᐃᔨᐅᕗᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖏᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᑐᑭᓯᓇᓱᐊᓚᐅᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᑭᒃᑯᐃᑐᓐᓇᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᖃᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᒻᒥ.

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᓯᒪᐅᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᔪᓐᖏᑎᑕᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᒪᒋᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓂᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᑐᖃᕈᒪᓐᓂᕐᐸᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ. ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕆᐊᖃᕋᔭᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓐᓂᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᓯᒪᓗᑎᒃ ᓇᒥ ᖃᖓᓗ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕐᑕᐅᔪᑦᓴᐅᒻᒪᖔᑕ. ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᕐᓯᒪᔪᓪᓗ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᔪᓐᖏᑎᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᑖᕐᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᓂ. ᓱᓕᒃᑲᓂᖅ, ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᓯᐊᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓂᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᓂᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᒡᒍᕐᓯᒪᔪᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᓗ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᓕᓐᓂᑦ.

ᑭᓲᕙ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᑏᑦ?

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᑏᑦ ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔨᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᐅᑦᓯᕐᑐᕐᓂᖕᒥᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᑦ, ᐋᖅᑭᐅᒪᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕐᓯᓂᕐᒥᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᕐᒥᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᓪᓚᖃᑦᑕᕐᓗᓂᓗ, ᐊᑐᓕᖅᑎᑦᑎᓯᒪᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᒪᓕᒐᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᓂᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗᓗᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐋᖅᑭᐅᒪᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓪᓗᖁᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᖁᑎᕐᔪᐊᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᓐ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖓᑕ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᑎᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖃᑦᑕᕐᐳᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑲᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖃᑦᑕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᕕᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂᑦ.

ᑭᖑᓕᕇᓐᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐱᔭᑦᓴᑦ

ᐃᓘᓐᓇᑎᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖏᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕆᐊᖃᕐᖓᑕ. ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᓐᖓᕐᓂᖓᓂ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᓈᑉᐸᑕ ᓯᕗᓪᓖᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᖏᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᖁᓕᑦ ᓈᔭᕋᐃᑉᐸᑕ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ.

ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᒃᑲᓂᕈᒪᒍᕕᑦ

ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᒃᑲᓂᕈᒪᒍᕕᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖏᓂᑦ, ᐅᕗᖓ ᐃᑭᐊᖅᑭᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᑐᕝᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑎᑦ National Wildlife Areas ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᑎᕐᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ.

ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ

ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ (ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ) ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᓯᓈᖓᓃᑦᑐᖅ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 100 ᑭᓚᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᓕᒃ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᐅᑉ ᓂᖏᐊᑕ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᕐᐸᓯᐊᓂ, ᓄᓇᕗᒥ. ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᓕᐅᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓯᔾᔭᖓ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖏᓪᓗ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒻ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 12 ᒪᐃᓕᓂᑦ ᐃᒪᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᓯᓈᖓᓂᖕ ᐅᖓᓯᑦᑎᒋᔪᖅ. ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᓯᕕᑐᓂᖓ 3,362 km² ᑭᓚᒦᑕᑦ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 530 km² ᑭᓚᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᖓ ᐊᖏᓂᓕᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 2,832 km² ᑭᓚᒦᑕᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒧᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᖓ. ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ ᑐᑭᓕᒃ “ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ” ᑐᓵᔨᓄᑦ ᖃᓄᖅᑑᕈᑕᐅᓚᕐᑐᓂ “ᑕᑦᓯᕋᔪᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᓂᖓ” (ᐱᓐᓕ1988a, ᓴᖑᔭ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒋᐅᕼᐃᐊᑦ 2014). ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ 2010ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖓ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥ (Balaena mysticetus). ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕐᕕᑦᓯᐊᕙᐅᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓄᑦ ᑲᓱᕐᕕᐅᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖕᒧᑦ, ᐊᓄᕆᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᖏᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖓᑕ ᓄᓇᖓ (ᑳᓯᕕᒃ 2009, ᑐᐃᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐴᒋᓴᓐ 2009). ᓯᑉᑎᒻᒪ 2002ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, 147ᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓯᔪᖃᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᓯᒃᑰᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒥ, ᐊᑕᐅᑦᓯᒃᑰᕐᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓛᖑᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ (ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ 2003).

ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᖃᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᐅᓗᐊᓚᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓗᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᖏᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑦᑐᐊᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᓪᓗ; ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᑦᓱᐊᓗᖕ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᕐᐸᓚᐅᕐᖓᑕ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᓐᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ (ᕼᐃᒡᑕᓐ 2008). ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐱᕐᔪᐊᕌᓗᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᖑᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᑐᓂᕕᓂᕐᓄᓪᓗ, ᓂᕿᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ, ᐅᖅᓱᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓴᓇᔭᒃᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᓕᒫᓄᑦ (ᒪᑳᑦᓂ 1980, ᒪᑳᑦᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓴᕕᐅᕐ 1993, ᒧᓯᐊᓐᑯ et al. 2003, ᕼᐃᒡᑕᓐ 2008), ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᓄᖑᑕᐅᑲᑕᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑎᑕᖃᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕋᓲᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ 19 ᕼᐊᓐᓇᓚᖏᓂ ᐃᓇᖐᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᑑᒐᓗᐊᓂᑦ (ᕌᔅ 1979, ᑳᓯᕕᒃ 2009). ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ ᑐᖅᑲᑕᕐᕕᓪᓚᕆᐅᓚᐅᕐᖓᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑎᓄᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᓴᒧᑦ 19ᕼᐊᓐᓇᓚᖏᓂ (ᐱᓐᓕ 1990) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒥᓱᑲᓪᓚᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᑦ ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂᓕᓴᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔾᔪᑎᒋᕚ ᐃᓂᖓ ᐃᒻᒪᓂᓴᑐᖃᕐᑕᖃᐅᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᕐᓂᖓᓄᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ.

ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑎᖃᖃᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᒍᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᕗᑦ; ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ, ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥᐅᑕᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕈᒪᒍᑎᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᒪᓐᓂᕈᑎᒃ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓂ.

ᐱᕐᔪᐊᖑᖃᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑦᓱᕈᕐᓇᕐᓂᖓᑕ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᓇᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥ ᓇᔪᒐᕐᓂᑦ ᒫᓐᓇ ᓯᕗᓂᖔᑎᓂᓗ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᕕᐅᔪᒪᑉᐸᑦ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᓗᐊᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑏᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᕈᒪᓐᓂᕐᐸᑕ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᑦᓯᑳᓪᓚᖁᓇᒋᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓰᓐᓇᓖᖁᓇᒋᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ. ᓂᕆᐅᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᕈᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᓵᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓲᕐᓗ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᓯᑲᕐᑕᖅᑏᑦ, ᓱᕈᕐᑎᕆᔪᑦ, ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᑦᑏᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᑕᖏᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᓂᑦ ᕿᓂᕈᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᓐᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᑦᑕᕐᑏᓪᓗ ᐱᖁᔭᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᓯᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐱᔭᕇᕋᓱᐊᕈᒪᔭᕗᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ.

ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᕗᑦ ᑭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᒧᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥᐅᑕᐅᖏᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ. ᓄᓇᕗᒥ, ᓄᓇᕗᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓ (ᐊᖏᕈᑦ), ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒍᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᑦ, ᒪᓐᓂᑕᕆᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᖁᓂᕈᖅᑕᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᐃᕙᕕᒋᕙᑦᑕᖏᓐᓂ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑎᒋᒐᓱᓐᓂᐊᕐᓗᒋᑦ, ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᐊᑐᕆᐊᖃᕈᓂᒋᑦ. ᐃᓘᓐᓇᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥᐅᑕᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕈᒪᒍᑎᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᒪᓐᓂᕈᑎᒃ ᖃᓄᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ. ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᓰᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᓯᐊᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᓇᓱᐊᕈᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ.

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᖏᖅᑕᐅᒐᓱᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᖓ

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑏᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ (ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓ) ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑦᓯᒍᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᓚᐅᕐᖓᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᔭᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖏᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᐅᔪᑦ. ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᒻᒪᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᑎᕐᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ (ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ) ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖓᓂ (ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ) ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ (ACMC) ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔨᒋᐊᕆᔨᐅᕗᑦ ᓇᐅᒃᑯᓕᒫᖅ ᖃᓄᕐᓗ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᔪᑦᓴᐅᒻᒪᖔᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᓪᓗᐊᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᓕᕋᐃᑉᐸᑕ ᑐᕌᖓᔪᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂᑦ, ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᕐᐸᑦᑐᓂᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑐᖃᕋᐃᑉᐸᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᓂᕐᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓪᓗ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓂᑦ, ᐳᓚᕋᑏᓪᓗ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᐸᑕ. ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖃᕐᑐᑦ: ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᑎᒃᑯᐊᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓄᑦ (ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓃᒃᑯᑦ) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᑎᒃᑯᐊᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓄᑦ. ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᑎᒃᑯᐊᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᐅᑉ ᓄᓇᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᖏᑕ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᖏᑕᓗ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᖏᓂᑦ (CLARC), ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᕆᔨᖏᑕ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᖏᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑉᐸᑕ, ᐃᓚᖓᓪᓗ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᐅᖃᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᑎ.

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᐱᔭᕇᕐᓯᒪᓕᕐᐸᑕ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᓕᖁᔨᕙᑉᐳᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ (NWMB) ᐊᖏᖅᑕᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᒪᓕᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓃᑦᑐᑦ 5.2.34(c) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 5.3.16 ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᑕ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᐃᓚᖃᕐᖓᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖓᓂᑦ (IOL), ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᕙᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓄᑦ (ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓃᒃᑯᑦ) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᒥᖓᓄᑦ (NTI) ᐊᒥᓲᓕᕐᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᖏᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᑎᑕᐅᒐᐃᒻᒪᑕ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᓄᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ, ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᓂ (NLCA), ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᒥᓂᔅᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓄᑦ ᐋᒡᒑᓂᕐᐸᑕ, ᐃᓗᐃᑦᑑᓗᒍ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ, ᐱᔭᕇᕐᓯᒪᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ, ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᓕᕋᔭᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓴᖅᓯᐅᕈᑕᐅᑲᓂᕐᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ. ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕆᒐᔭᕐᑐᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᒃᑲᓂᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᓄᑦ ᒥᓂᔅᑕᒧᓪᓗ. ᒥᓂᔅᑕ ᓈᒻᒪᑦᓴᓕᕐᐸᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ, ᒥᓂᔅᑕ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑦᓯᓕᕋᔭᕐᑐᖅ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂᓕᒫᑦᓯᐊᖅ

ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕆᐊᓪᓚᑲᓐᓂᕐᓗᒍ, ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᕐᑕᐅᒋᐊᖃᓐᖏᓚᑦ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓃᑎᑦᓯᒍᑕᐅᒋᐊᖏᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓴᓐᖐᓕᑎᑦᓯᒐᔭᕆᐊᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᑖᕈᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓕᑕᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᓂᖏᓄᓪᓗ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖓᑕ ᐱᖁᔭᕐᔪᐊᖓᓂ ᐃᓚᖓᓃᑦᑐᑦ 35ᒥ, 1982.

ᐊᑎᖏᑕ ᓇᐃᓈᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᓂᑦᓯᑎᖏᑦ

ACMC

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ

CIRNAC

ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ-ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᕐᓯᒪᔪᓪᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒌᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᓄᓕᕆᔨᑐᖃᒃᑯᖏᑦ

CLARC

ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᑦ

CLO

ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᑎᑦᑎᔨ

COSEWIC

ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᑦᑕᖅᑯᓲᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ (ᑳᓯᕕᒃᑯᑦ)

CWA

ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᑦ

CWS

ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ

DIAND

ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᓄᓕᕆᔨᑐᖃᒃᑯᖏᑦ

DFO

ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ

ECCC

ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑏᑦ

GN

ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᖓᑦ

GNWT

ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᖓᑦ

HTO

ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑐᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ (ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᐊᑎᒃᑯᑦ)

IIBA

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑏᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᓐᓄᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖏᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ

IHT

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᖁᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᐅᑦᓯᑐᖅᑏᑦ

IOL

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖏᑦ

IQ

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᖃᖏᑦ

IUCN

ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᓴᐳᑎᔭᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ

MBCA

ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑦ

MBS

ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᖃᕐᕕᒃ

NIRB

ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ

NA

ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑯᐃ ᑭᒡᒐᕐᑐᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒧᑦ

NCLA

ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᓄᓇᑖᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑏᑦ

NPC

ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐸᕐᓇᐃᔩᑦ

NSA

ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᑖᖑᓯᒪᔪᖅ

NTI

ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᒥᖓᑦ

NWA

ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ

NWMB

ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ

NU

ᓄᓇᕗᑦ

QIA

ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ

QWB

ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᖕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ

RCMP

ᖁᑦᑎᓂᕐᐹᖏᓐᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᑦ

RIA

ᐊᕕᑦᑐᕐᓯᒪᓂᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ

SARA

ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᓴᓪᓕᓗᐊᕋᓱᒋᔭᐅᓕᕐᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑦ

TC

ᐃᖏᕐᕋᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ

1 ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᐅᑉ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖓ

ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ (NWA) ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐅᖅᑯᐊᓃᑦᑐᖅ ᓯᓈᖓᓂ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 100 ᑭᓚᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᓕᒃ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᐅᒻ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᓂᒋᕐᐸᓯᐊᓂ, ᓄᓇᕗᒥ (ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 1). ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᓕᐅᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓯᔾᔭᖓ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖏᓪᓗ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒻ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 12 ᒪᐃᓕᓂᑦ ᐃᒪᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᓯᓈᖓᓂᖕ ᐅᖓᓯᑦᑎᒋᔪᖅ. ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓯᕕᑐᓂᖓ 3,362 km² ᑭᓚᒦᑕᑦ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 530 km² ᑭᓚᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᖓ ᐊᖏᓂᓕᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 2,832 km² ᑭᓚᒦᑕᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒧᑦ ᓯᕕᑐᓂᖓ. ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ ᑐᑭᓕᒃ “ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ” ᑐᓵᔨᓄᑦ ᖃᓄᖅᑑᕈᑕᐅᓚᕐᑐᓂ “ᑕᑦᓯᕋᔪᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᓂᖓ” (Finley 1988a, Sanguya and Gearheard 2014). ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᖄᖓ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃ (ECCC), ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑎᓴᒪᐅᓕᖓᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖏᑦ (IOLs) ᓇᖕᒥᓂᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓄᑦ (ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓃᒃᑯᑦ) (ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 2). ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᒥᐊᓂᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ (ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ) ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖓᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ. ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᖏᑦ (ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ) ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔨᒋᐊᕆᔨᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓇᐅᒃᑯᓕᒫᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂᑦ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐱᓪᓗᐊᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᑦᓴᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᓕᕋᐃᑉᐸᑕ ᓱᓐᓂᕈᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ.

ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ 2010ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕐᐹᒥ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᐅᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖓᓂᓪᓗ (ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᓕᐅᕐᑏᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓃᑦᑐᖅ II, Vol. 144, No.13, Balaena mysticetus; ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓗᒍ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑦ 1). ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖓ ᐊᓄᕆᒐᔪᓐᓂᖓᓄᓪᓗ ᓯᓈᖅᐸᓯᐊ ᐃᒃᑲᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒪᕕᒃ ᐃᑎᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖓᓂ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕕᑦᓯᐊᕙᐅᒻᒪᑦ ᕿᓚᓗᒐᕐᓄᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᐅᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ (Finley et al. 1994). 2009ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓐᓂᖏᑦ ᐃᒪᖓᓂ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᖅᑯᐊᓂ−ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑐᓪᓗ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᐊᕐᕕᖏᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᒐᒥ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᓇᕐᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓅᓴᓪᓕᓗᐊᕋᓱᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ (COSEWIC) (COSEWIC 2009). ᓈᓴᕐᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ 147ᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓯᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒥ, ᐊᑕᐅᑦᓯᒦᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᓄᓛᖑᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᓕᒫᒥ (Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003, Sanguya and Gearheard 2014). ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᒋᓪᓗᓂ ‘ᐊᕙᑎᓕᒫᖓ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᓄᓪᓗ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᒋᐊᖓ ᐃᒪᖓ’ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ (DFO) (DFO 2015b).

ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑦ 1: ᓇᐃᓈᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔾᔪᓯᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑏᑦ

ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕖᑦ

ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ

ᐊᒡᒍᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᐅᓪᓗ

ᓄᓇᕗᑦ

ᓄᓇᓐᖑᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᑐᑭᒧᑦ ᓴᓂᒧᓪᓗ ᓇᓂᑦᓯᑎᑦ

69°37’N / 67°00’W

ᓯᕕᑐᓂᖓ

3,362 km² ᑭᓚᒦᑕᑦ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᓪᓗᐊᕐᑐᑦ

ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕖᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖏᑦ

• ᐅᓄᓛᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓄᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖅ ᐃᒪᖓ (Balaena mysticetus) ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.
• ᐃᒪᖓ ᐊᕐᕕᓄᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕐᕕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᖃᐃᖅᓯᕐᕕᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᓇᔪᒐᖓ.
• ᐃᒪᖓᓂ ᐆᒪᔪᖏᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᑎᓕᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᐅᕐᑐᖅ (ᓇᓄᑦ, ᑭᒡᒐᕕᐊᕐᔪᑦ, ᓇᐅᔭᕚᑦ, ᓇᐅᔭᑦ) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᓄᕐᑐᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᓄᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᓄᑦ ᐃᕙᕕᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᖅᑏᓪᓗ ᑐᓛᕕᖓ.

ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᔾᔪᑏᑦ

A. ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓗᓐᓃᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᓪᓗᐊᑕᑦ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᕐᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖓᑦ

ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᓂᑦ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ (IUCN) ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᔾᔪᑎᖏᑦ

Ib – ᐆᒪᔪᖃᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᑦᑕᖃᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ

ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑖ

P.C. 2010-705

ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕐᕕᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ (DFRP) ᓈᓴᐅᑖ

21601

ᒐᔨᑦ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖁᑎᖏᓂ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖑᓚᐅᕐᑐᖅ

2010

ᐊᓯᒃᑲᓂᖏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᔾᔪᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᐊᕙᑎᓕᒫᖓ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᓪᓚᕆᓐᓂᖓ ᐃᒪᖓ (ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᖏᑦ)

ᐆᒻᒪᔪᖃᐅᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᖃᐅᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᖓ

ᐅᓄᓛᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᖃᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.

ᐋᓚᐃᑦ ᑎᑭᒍᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ

ᐱᑕᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ

ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᐅᓕᕐᑐᑦ

ᐊᑎᓕᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᐅᓕᕐᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᓂ (ᓵᕋ):

ᓇᓄᑦ, ᑭᒡᒐᕕᐊᕐᔪᑦ (ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᐅᓕᕐᑐᑦ)

ᓇᐅᔭᕚᑦ, ᓴᐅᕐᕌᖅ (ᓄᖑᓐᓂᐊᕋᓱᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ)

ᓇᐅᔭᑦ (ᐊᑦᑕᖁᓲᑕᐅᓕᕐᑐᑦ)

ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᖑᓐᓂᐊᕋᓱᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᓕᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ (ᑳᓯᕕᒃᑯᑦ):

ᐊᕐᕖᑦ, ᕿᓚᓗᒐᑦ ᖃᑯᕐᑕᑦ, ᑐᒑᓖᑦ, ᐊᐃᕖᑦ, ᓇᑦᓰᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᕐᕖᑦ (ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ)

ᑐᑦᑐᑦ (ᐊᑦᑕᖁᓲᑕᐅᔪᑦ)

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔩᑦ ᑎᒥᖓᑦ

ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃ

ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓂᖓ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖓᓗ

ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓲᑎᖃᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᒐᑎᓪᓗ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ ᐆᒪᔪᖅᓯᐅᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᓇᒥᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ, ᐃᒪᖏᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥ ᐃᓗᐊᓃᑐᐊᖅᐸᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᓂ, ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᐃᓚᖓᓃᑦᑐᖅ 5 ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᑐᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᐸᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᐃᓚᒃᑲᓂᐊᓃᕐᑐᖅ s.5.7.18 ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᓂ.

ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥᐅᑕᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᑐᖃᕈᒪᑉᐸᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ.

1.1 ᐊᒡᒍᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂ ᓱᑯᑦᓯᐊᓃᒻᒪᖔᑦ

ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐅᖅᑯᐊᓃᑦᑐᖅ ᓯᓈᖓᓂ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 100 ᑭᓚᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᓕᒃ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᐅᒻ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᓂᒋᕐᐸᓯᐊᓂ, ᓄᓇᕗᒥ (ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 1). ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᓕᐅᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓯᔾᔭᖓ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖏᓪᓗ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒻ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ (ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 12 ᒪᐃᓕᓂᑦ ᐃᒪᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᓯᓈᖓᓂᖕ ᐅᖓᓯᑦᑎᒋᔪᖅ; 22.2 ᑭᓚᒦᑕᑦ). ᓄᓇᐅᓂᖓ (530 ᑭᓚᒦᑕᑦ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᓪᓗᐊᕐᑐᑦ) ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔨᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓕᒫᓂᑦ ᑕᐅᓯᔭᖓᓃᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 1 ᑭᓚᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓖᑦ ᓯᓈᖓᓂᑦ. ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ 2,832 km² ᑭᓚᒦᑕᑦ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᓪᓗᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᓯᕕᑐᓂᖓ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᕕᓕᒃ ᐃᔨᓪᓕᕐᑑ ᐹᖓᓂᑦ. ᐃᒪᕕᐅᑉ ᐃᑎᓂᖓ 560 ᒦᑕᓅᖓᔪᖅ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖓᑕ ᐹᖅᐸᓯᐊᓂ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᒃᑲᑦᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᓂ 30 ᑭᓚᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᓯᕕᑐᓂᓕᒃ ᐹᖓᓂ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐃᑎᓂᓕᒃ 200ᓂᑦ 260ᓄᑦ ᒦᑕᓄᑦ (Finley et al. 1986, Finley 1990). ᑕᐅᓯᔭᖓᑕ ᐃᖅᑲᖓ ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᖃᐅᖅᑐᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᔭᕋᓱᔾᔪᖃᐅᕐᑐᓂ ᑐᐊᐸᑦᑕᖃᐅᕐᑐᓂᓗ ᑭᕕᓂᑯᓂᑦ ᓯᕐᒥᖃᓚᐅᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᐅᓐᓂᑯᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ (Gilbert 1985).

ᓄᓇᖓᓕ, ᓯᕐᖕᒥᖃᐅᕐᑐᒻᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᓯᕐᖕᒥᒥᑦ ᐊᐅᓐᓂᑯᒥᓃᑦ ᓱᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦ, ᐃᒪᖅᓲᓪᓗᓂ ᒪᓂᕋᐅᓂᖓ, ᐃᒃᑲᑦᑐᔮᑦ ᑕᓯᐅᕋᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᕐᖕᒥᖃᕐᑐᓂ ᓱᓕ (Sutherland 1853, Ives and Andrews 1963). ᓄᓇᖓ ᒪᓃᓐᓂᕐᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᓂᒋᕐᐸᓯᐊᓂ, ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ ᐃᔨᓪᓕᕐᑑ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖓᑕ. ᓄᓇᖓ ᓯᐅᕋᔮᖏᓇᐸᓘᓪᓗᓂ, ᐅᔭᕋᓱᔾᔪᑦ, ᐅᔭᖅᑲᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑐᐊᐸᑦ/ᐅᔭᕋᓛᑦ (Davis et al. 2006). ᓯᕐᖕᒥᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᐹᖓᓂ ᐃᔨᓪᓕᕐᑑ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᑭᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖅᐸᓯᐊᓄᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ. ᖁᑦᓯᓂᕐᐹᕐᓂ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ ᑮᑕᕋᔪᒃ ᓯᕐᖕᒥᖓ (~900 ᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᐳᖅᑐᓂᓕᒃ ᐅᓕᓐᓂᕐᒥᑦ). ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ ᓯᓚᖓ ᐅᓇᔪᓐᓂᖃᕐᐸᑦᑐᖅ +5.0 C ᓯᐅᓪᓯᐊᔅ ᔪᓚᐃᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᓪᓚᓱᑉᐸᑦᑐᖅ -29.1 C ᓯᐅᓪᓯᐊᔅ ᔮᓐᓄᐊᕆᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ~75% ᐳᓴᑦᑎᖓ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒫᖅ 258 ᒥᓕᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᖃᓐᓂᕋᔪᑦᑐᖅ (Environment and Climate Change Canada 2019).

ᖃᓂᓐᓂᖅᐹᖑᔪᓪᓕ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᐅᑦ (ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒃ), ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᓯᓈᖓ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 100 ᑭᓚᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᓕᒃ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒥᑦ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᓄ. ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᑦ ᓅᒐᔪᑦᑐᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᒍᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓯᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᖃᓪᓕᐊᕐᑐᓪᓗ Sanguya and Gearheard 2014, Government of Nunavut 2014). ᓄᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᒍᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒐᔪᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, 10ᓂᑦ 50ᓄᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᖃᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᕕᐅᕙᑦᑐᖅ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᓄᓪᓗ (Government of Nunavut 2014).

ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᖓᓄᑦ ᖃᕋᕐᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᒃᑯᑦ 1970ᖏᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᒃᓯᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᒑᓯᓯᐅᕐᑐᓪᓗ ᓂᐅᖅᑐᐸᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᓂᒋᕐᐸᓯᐊᓂ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᑭᕋᓴᖓᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᖓᑕ ᑲᑕᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᐅᐊᑦᓯᐊᕈᑐᖃᖅ (Nunami Stantec 2018). ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᓗᐊᕐᑐᒋᔭᐅᓐᖏᑦᑑᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᒃᓯᐅᕕᒃᓴᒥᑦ, ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑲᑎᓐᖓᔪᐊᓗᒻᒥ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᖃᕆᐊᖓ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒋᑦ, ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗ ᒑᓯ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒑᓯᑦᓴᑦ ᑲᑎᓐᖓᔪᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᓯᒥ) ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᓂ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᓂ (National Energy Board 1994, Nunami Stantec 2018).

ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓕᒫᑦ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᒎᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᖃᕐᐸᒻᒪᑕ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᑭᕋᓴᖓᒍᑦ Pizzolato et al. 2016, Dawson et al. 2018). ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂ ᐊᓂᒍᕐᑐᓂ, ᐅᐱᕐᖔᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᔭᐅᓕᕋᑖᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍᓗ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᒋᐊᖃᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑯᑦᑑᑉ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᒍᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᑭᕋᓴᖓᒎᓕᕋᐃᒐᒥ ᓯᑯᖃᓗᐊᒧᑦ ᐅᓯᑲᕐᑕᖅᓲᔭᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᐱᓐᓇᕋᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒥᑦᓵᒍᑦ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᑐᓗᐊᕐᖓᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᕕᒋᒋᐊᖓ (Canadian Ice Service 2011, Reeves et al. 2014). ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓂ ᐃᓚᖏᓂ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᓯᓈᖓᒍᑦ ᐅᐱᕐᖔᒃᑯᑦ ᐋᔪᕋᕐᑖᕐᓵᓕᓲᖑᒻᒪᑦ, ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᓇᒡᒍᑎᖃᓕᑐᐊᕐᖓᑦ ᐊᑐᕈᒪᓂᕐᓴᕈᒻᒪᒍ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᖓ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐃᒪᖓᓅᕐᑐᑎᑦ, ᖃᓂᓪᓕᓪᓗᑎᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓄᑦ (Pizzolato et al. 2016).

ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᑦᓯᔪᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑦᑐᓕᕆᔨᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᖃᑦᓯᑲᓪᓚᒻᒪᕆᓐᓄᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᒥᖕ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᕆᐅᕈᒪᔪᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑏᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᒍᒪᒐᔭᕆᐊᖏᑦ.ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑏᑦ (ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᑐᖔᓂ) ᒫᓐᓇ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᓯᕙᒻᒪᑕ ᐳᓚᕋᑎᓂᑦ ᑲᔾᔭᐅᓴᒋᐊᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᑦ, ᑎᑭᒐᔪᑦᑐᑦ ᐋᒋᓯᒥ ᓯᑉᑎᒻᒪᒥᓗ (ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ, ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑦ 2011-2020).

1990ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑦᓯᔪᒪᓕᓚᐅᕐᖓᑕ ᓄᓇᒥ, ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᑦᓴᒥᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅᒥ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᓯᒃᑰᖃᑎᖃᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᑦᓴᖅ. ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓚᐅᕐᑕᖓᓕ ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᑦᓴᐅᑉ ᐳᓚᕋᑦᑐᓕᕆᓂᖅ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᑕᑯᔭᕆᐅᕈᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓪᓗ ᑲᔾᔭᐅᓴᒋᐊᕈᒪᔪᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᕕᑦᓴᖃᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᑐᑦᓯᕋᐅᑎᖓᑦ ᐋᖅᒑᕐᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᓇᖕᒪᐅᑕᖅ (ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒃ) ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑐᓕᕆᔨᖏᑦᑕ (ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ) ᓴᓇᔪᒪᖔᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᑦᓴᒥᑦ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᑎᑦᓯᕕᑦᓴᒥᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐳᓚᕋᑎᓄᑦ ᑕᒻᒫᕕᑦᓴᒥᑦ ᓄᕗᒃᑎᐊᐱᒃᒥ ᓄᓈᕐᕕᖃᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᖃᑦᓰᓐᓇᑯᓗᓐᓂᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑎᖃᕈᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᒥᓪᓗ ᐳᓚᕋᑏᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᕕᒻᒥᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐅᕐᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐱᓪᓚᑦᑖᒥᑦ. ᑐᔪᕐᒥᕕᔅᓴᓕᐊᖑᒍᒪᔪᖅ ᓱᓕ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᑕᐅᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᖅ.

ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖓᓂᓪᓗ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓃᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂ ᐊᓂᒍᕐᑐᓂ (Finley et al. 1986, Finley 1988b, Finley 1990, Finley et al. 1994). ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᒥᓇᕐᑐᖃᐅᕐᖓᑦ ᓱᓕ ᓇᐅᑦᓯᕐᑐᕐᓗᒋᑦ/ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ, ᓇᔪᒐᖓ, ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᓯᕗᓕᖔᑦᑎᓂ.

1.2 ᓯᕗᓕᕗᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᖔᑕ

ᐃᓄᐃᓪᓕ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᓕᒫᖅ ᓄᓇᖃᐃᓐᓇᕐᖓᑕ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᐃᓐᓇᕐᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᐅᑉ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓂ, ᐊᑕᐅᑦᓯᒨᕐᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᑖᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᐸᐃᑉ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᑎᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᓇᑉᐸᐃᒻᒪᑕ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᒻᒥᑦ 1923ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ (Milton Freeman Research 1976, Wenzel 2008). ᓂᐅᕕᖅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᑦᑎᖅᑎᕆᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓚᒌᓂᑦ ᑭᒻᒥᕈᕐᒥᑦ (ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ Lake Harbour−ᒥᒃ ᑕᐃᔭᐅᕙᔪᔪᖅ) ᐃᖃᓗᓐᓂᓪᓗ (ᐳᕉᕕᓴ ᐸᐃᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂ) ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒧᑦ ᒥᖅᑯᓕᑦᓯᐅᕐᑎᐅᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᑕᐅᖅᓰᒐᑦᓴᓂᑦ, ᐃᓚᖏᓪᓗ ᕿᑐᕐᖓᕇᑦ ᓅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ ᒥᖅᑯᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᓴᕕᑦᑕᖃᓕᕐᖓᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕐᕕᒻᒥᓂᖕ ᐊᓐᓇᐃᒐᒥ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᓄᖅᑲᕐᑎᑕᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᑮᓇᐅᔾᔭᓕᐅᕐᕕᖃᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ (Wenzel 2008). ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓐᓂᖏᑦ 32ᖑᓚᐅᕐᑐᑎᑦ 1931ᒥ ᒫᓐᓇᓕ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓐᓂᖏᑦ 1,053ᖏᓐᓃᓕᕐᑐᑦ (2016ᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᓚᐅᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ). ᐆᒪᔪᖅᓯᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᓱᓕ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔾᔪᑕᓪᓚᕆᐅᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᓄᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᓄᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕐᓯᒪᒐᔪᑦᑐᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖅᓯᐅᕐᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᐊᕙᓗᐊᓂ (Priest and Usher 2004, Governent of Nunavut 2014).

ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᖃᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᐅᓗᐊᓚᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓗᓂ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᖏᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑦᑐᐊᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᓗ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ, ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᑦᓱᐊᓗᖕ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᕐᐸᓚᐅᕐᖓᑕ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ (Higdon 2008). ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐱᕐᔪᐊᕌᓗᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᖑᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᑐᓂᕕᓂᕐᓄᓪᓗ, ᓂᕿᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ, ᐅᖅᓱᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓴᓇᔭᒃᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᓕᒫᓄᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓄᖑᑕᐅᑲᓴᓚᐅᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑎᑕᖃᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕋᓲᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ 19 ᕼᐊᓐᓇᓚᖏᓂ ᐃᓇᖐᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᑑᒐᓗᐊᓂᑦ (Finley 1990, Wenzel 2008). ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᓐᓇᐃᓂᐊᕆᐊᑦᓴᖅ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᒥᓂᖕ ᐊᕐᕕᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᒥᓂᖕ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕈᓯᒥᓂᓪᓗ, ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖃᑎᒌᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᖃᑦᑕᓕᖅᑭᑉᐸᑕ ᐃᑲᔫᑎᖃᕈᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᕐᖓᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᒥᓂᖕ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕈᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑭᖑᕚᖏᑦ (Nunavut Wildlife Management Board 2000).

ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᑲᔪᕈᒪᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᑐᑎᑦ 1983ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᑐᕌᒐᓪᓗᐊᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓐᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᓯᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᒧᑦ. ᕼᐋᒪᓚᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑐᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥ ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᖏᓂᑦ 1988ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᓱᐃᔨᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒧᑦ. ᒪᐃ 1990ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑐᑭᒧᐊᕐᑎᑦᓯᔩᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᖏᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᒥᓐᓂᖕ “ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ: ᐊᕐᕕᓂᑦ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒥ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᑦ, ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᖕᒥ, ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ”, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᖏᑕ ᒥᓂᔅᑕᖓᓄᑦ, ᐃᓄᓕᕆᔨᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖓᓄᑦ (DIAND), ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᖓᑕ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᒪᕐᕈᐊᕐᑎᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᓯᓐᓈᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᓚᐅᕐᑐᑎᑦ 1992ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᓕᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᑦᓴᖓᓂᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᖏᑕ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑦ (CWA); ᑕᐃᒫᖕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᒍᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᓈᒻᒪᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᓂᕈᐊᕈᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᖏᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᒫᔾᔨ 1993ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᔫᓂ 1993ᒥ, ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ (NWMB) ᐊᖏᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓯᒪᔪᑎᒍᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕐᓂᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᐅᑎᖓᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᔫᓂ 1994ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐅᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖏᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᐅᑉ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓄᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᒋᓂᐊᕐᑕᖓ.

ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕆᐊᓐᖓᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒐᕙᒪᑦ ᖁᓕᕇᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᐅᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓂ 1994ᒥᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ 1996ᒧᑦ. ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖓ ᑭᓪᓕᒋᓂᐊᕐᑕᖓᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᐊ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕐᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᓄᓕᕆᔨᑐᖃᒃᑯᖏᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ 1996ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᔮᓐᓄᐊᕆ 1998ᒥ, ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ ᐋᔩᖃᑎᒌᓕᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑖᑕ ᐃᓚᖓ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᑦᓴᐅᑉ ᑭᓪᓕᖓᑕ ᐃᓗᐊᓃᑦᑐᖅ.

ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖓᓂ 2008, ᐃᓚᒋᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ (ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᓂ), ᐋᔩᕈᑎᐅᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᑦ (2010) ᐱᓂᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐱᓐᖑᑎᑦᓯᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᑦ ᓄᑖᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᑦᓴᒥᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᓯᓈᖓᒍᑦ: ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ, ᐊᒃᐸᐃᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᖁᓪᓗᐃᑦ. ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᖕ: ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ, ᐊᒃᐸᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᖁᓪᓗᐃᑦ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓ ᐊᖏᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᑖᕐᕕᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥ (2008), ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᒥᖓᓐᓄᑦ (NTI), ᕿᑎᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᑭᕙᓪᓕᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓄᑦ (ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓃᒃᑯᑦ), ᓇᖕᒪᐅᑕᖅ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑐᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ (HTO), ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖓᓂ 2010, ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕐᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔾᔪᑏᑦ ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑦᓯᔪᓐᓇᕐᓯᒍᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᑦᓴᖏᓂᑦ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒃ.

1.3 ᓄᓇᒥᑦ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖃᕐᑎᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᖃᑕᐅᔪᓪᓗ

ᓄᓇᕘᓕ ᓄᓇᖁᑖ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᕗᖅ ᓄᓇᖓᑕ ᖄᖓ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓄᑦ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓐᖏᑕᑐᐊᕆᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑎᓴᒪᐅᓕᖓᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖏᑦ: ᐃᓚᖓᑦ ᐊᐅᓕᑦᑎᕕᖕ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᓂ (CR-02); ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᓄᓇᖅᐸᓯᒻᒦᑦᑐᑦ 1 ᑭᓚᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᓕᒃ ᐅᓕᓐᓂᖕᒥᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᓯᓈᖓᒍᑦ (CR-01, CR-03, CR-07; ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 1). ᑕᕆᐅᖓᑕ ᐃᖅᑲᖓ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ. ᐃᓘᓐᓇᑎᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᑕ ᓄᖅᑲᖓᑎᑕᖏᓂᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᒃᓯᐅᕆᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᒑᓯᒥᓪᓗ, ᐅᔭᕋᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖃᖏᑦᑐᑦ, ᐊᑦᑕᕆᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᖓ ᑲᓕᒐᕐᓄᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓯᐅᕐᕕᐅᒋᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᖓᓂ (ᑐᓴᕐᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐃᑉᐳᕈ 25, 2019ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ). ᑕᐃᒫᖕ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᓂ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᒋᐊᖃᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᑐᒍ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐅᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖁᔭᕋᓛᖏᑦ, ᒪᓕᒐᑦᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᔪᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᖏᑦ ᓴᓇᔪᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓇᖕᒪᐅᑕᖅ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑐᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓇᖏᕐᑎᖓ(ᖏᑦ), ᐃᓪᓗᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑦᑎᓄᑦ ᑕᒻᒫᕕᑦᓴᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᑦᓴᒥᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᒥᑦ, ᒪᕐᕈᓕᓄᑦ ᒥᑦᑕᕐᕕᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᓄᑦ ᑐᓚᑦᑕᕐᕕᑦᓴᒥᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖕᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑖᓂ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓃᒃᑲᔭᕐᑐᓂ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖅᐸᓯᐊᑕ ᓄᕗᑦᑎᐊᐱᒻᒥ. ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᑭᐊᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᒫᑦ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ − ᐃᓄᓕᕆᔨᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ (CIRNAC).

ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑏᑦ (NA) ᐃᒪᐃᓕᖓᒻᒪᑦ “ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓲᑎᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐱᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓂᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᑦᓴᓂᓪᓗ ᐱᓪᓗᒍ...” [ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ]... ᐃᓚᒃᑯᑦ 5 ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᑕ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᒪᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᓂ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᓄᓇᕗᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᑦ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ:

• ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓱᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᖏᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕐᐳᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕈᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒍᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᓇᒥᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᓄᓇᒥ, ᐃᒪᕕᒻᒥᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ
• ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕐᑐᑦ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕈᔾᔨᔨᐅᔪᒪᒍᑎᒃ ᑕᑯᕚᕐᑖᕋᓱᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓲᔾᔨᒍᒪᒍᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔾᔪᑎᖏᓪᓗ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᒎᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑕᐅᑉᐸᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᕕᒥᓄᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᒧᑦ ᓯᓚᑖᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᓵᕆᐊᖃᕐᐸᑕ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᒍᑦ
• ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕐᑐᑦ ᐅᔭᖅᑭᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐅᒃᑯᓯᑦᓴᒥᑦ 50 ᑭᑉᐹᕆᓪᓗᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐆᑦᑑᑏᑦ ᐊᖏᑎᒋᔪᒥᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᓄᓇᖁᑖᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓲᑎᖃᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᖃᑦᓯᑐᐃᓐᓇᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑖᓂ
• ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕐᑐᑦ ᓄᑖᒥᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᕋᓛᕐᑖᕈᒪᔪᖃᕐᓂᖅᐸᑦ ᓇᒥᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᐳᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᐅᓴᑉᐸᑕ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖓᓂᑦ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᕈᑕᐅᓇᓱᐊᕐᑐᓂᑦ

1.4 ᐃᓪᓗᖁᑏᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᔾᔪᑏᓪᓗ ᐱᖁᑏᑦ

ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᐅᓚᔾᔪᑎᓄᑦ ᐱᖁᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑲᐃᓪᓕᐅᕈᑎᓂᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓄᑦ ᒪᐃ 2011ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ (ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓗᒋᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑦ 2; ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 1. ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑎᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖏᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐃᒻᒧᐊᓂ):

• ᓯᐅᕋᕐᑐᔪᐊᕈᓯᖅ ᐅᑕᖅᑭᐅᕐᕕᒥᓂᑐᖃᖅ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᕿᓐᖑᒥᒐᕐᕕᖓ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᑦ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗᕐᑕᐅᔨᖓᔪᒥᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᓱᔾᔪᑕᖃᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᖃᓕᕇᓕᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᑕᓗᐊᒥᑦ ᐅᑕᖅᑭᕐᕕᒻᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓇᑉᐸᕐᓗ ᐃᓯᒐᓪᓗᐊᑦ ᐳᖅᑐᓂᖓ, ᓵᓐᖓᔪᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᕕᒃᔪᐊᕈᓯᖅᒧᑦ (ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 3A)
• ᐱᖓᓱᓂᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᕋᓛᖃᕐᐸᔪᔫᒐᓗᐊᖅ ᑕᓕᕉᔭᖅᒥ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᓐᓇᐅᓕᕐᑑᖕ ᖃᓇᐃᓐᓈᖕ ᓇᐸᔫᒃ ᓱᓕ (ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 3B)
• ᓄᕗᑦᑎᐊᐱᒃᒥ, ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐃᓪᓗᕋᓛᖕ; ᒥᑭᓐᓂᖅᓴᖅ ᑭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᒧᑦ ᑕᒻᒫᕐᕕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ, ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓴᖅ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓂᑯᑦ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ (ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 3C). ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓛᖅ ᒥᑭᓐᓂᖅᓴᖅ ᒪᑐᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓴᖅ ᐃᒐᓛᖏᑦ ᓱᕋᕐᑎᖅᓯᒪᔪᐃᓐᓇᐸᓗᐃᑦ. ᓯᓂᑦᑕᕆᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑐᐱᖅᓯᒪᓗᓂ ᓄᕗᒃᑎᐊᐱᒃᒥ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᓗᐊᕐᖓᑦ ᓇᓄᕐᓄᑦ ᑎᑭᕌᕐᑕᐅᓂᐅᓴᔪᓄᑦ
• ᓄᕗᑦᑎᐊᐱᐅᓪᓕ ᖃᖅᑲᔮᖓᓂ, ᐅᑕᖅᑭᕐᕕᑐᖃᖅᑕᖃᕐᑐᖅ ᕿᓐᖑᒻᒥᒐᕐᕕᒥᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᑦ (ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 3D). ᐅᔭᕋᓱᔾᔪᓂᑦ ᖃᓕᕇᓕᕐᑎᓯᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᓗᓕᒃ ᐅᖅᑯᐊᓕᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᓄᕆᒥᑦ. ᑕᓗᐊᖓ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕐᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑎᒧᑦ, ᑭᐅᕆ ᐱᓐᓕ

ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 3: ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᒐᑦ 2011ᒥᓕᓴᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᓯᒪᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ. ᐅᔭᕋᓱᔾᔪᑦ ᖃᓕᕇᓕᕐᑎᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᓗᑕᑦ ᓯᐅᕋᕐᑐᔪᐊᕈᓯᖅᒥ; B. ᐃᓪᓗᕋᓛᒥᓃᑦ ᖃᓇᖏᑦ ᑕᓕᕉᔭᕐᒥ; C. ᓄᕗᒃᑎᐊᐱᒻᒥ ᐃᓪᓗᕋᓛᑦ; D. ᓄᕗᒃᑎᐊᐱᒻᒥ ᐅᑕᖅᑭᐅᕐᕕᒃ ᑕᓗᑕᖅ

2 ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑯᑦ

2.1 ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᑦᑎᓃᓐᖔᕐᑐᑦ

ᖃᓂᒋᔮ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᑦᓲᔮᓗᓚᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᑦᑕᕐᑎᓄᑦ ᑐᐊᓯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑑᓖᑦ ᑐᓂᕕᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ (Wenzel and Community of Clyde River 1999). ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑐᐊᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᓂᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᑕᐅᑦᑐᖏᑦ ᑐᐊᓯᑦ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑐᓂᐅᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᔪᑦ, ᓯᕗᓕᖏᓂᑦ ᑭᖑᕚᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕐᑐᐊᑐᖄᓗᐃᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ. ᑐᓃᑦ ᖃᑦᓰᓐᓇᕈᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓕᓚᐅᕐᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᖅᑰᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 1,000 ᑐᖁᑕᐅᕕᐊᑕ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓇᖏᖅᑕᐅᓂᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᑑᓕᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᖃᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓂᑦ ᓯᑰᒍᓐᓃᖃᑦᑕᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᖏᔫᑕᐅᓂᕐᓴᓂᑦ ᐳᐃᔨᓂᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑉᐸᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ (Meldgaard 1960, Wenzel and Community of Clyde River 1999, Moshenko et al. 2003). ᓇᒥᕈᓘᔭᖅ, ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᓪᓚᕆᐅᓚᐅᕐᖓᑕ ᑐᓂᕐᓄᑦ McCartney 1980, McCartney and Savelle 1993, Higdon 2008). ᑐᓃᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᕕᓂᐅᓱᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ, ᑕᒫᓂ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᑐᑐᖃᐅᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ 1800ᖏᓂ (Wenzel 2008).

ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓃᖔᕐᑐᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᑎᑭᓚᐅᕐᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᐃᓐᓇᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᕿᑎᐊᓂ ᓄᑦᑕᕐᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓇᒧᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒍ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᕕᖃᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐅᐱᕐᖏᕕᖃᕐᑐᑎᓪᓗ (Wenzel 2008). Wenzel (2008) ᓇᐃᓪᓕᑎᕆᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᐳᐋᔅ ᐅᔾᔨᕆᔭᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᑕᐃᒫᖕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᖓᑕ ᐃᔨᓪᓕᕐᑑᒃᑯᑦ (ᐃᔨᓪᓕᕐᑑ), ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒻ ᐅᖓᑎᖔᖓᓄᑦ, ᐃᖃᓪᓕᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥᓄᑦ ᐃᖃᓪᓕᐊᕐᑐᑎᑦ(Salvelinus alpinus). ᓄᓇᖓ ᐃᒐᓕᕉᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᑮᕕᒥᓄᑦ ᓄᕗᒃᑎᐊᐱᒻᒧᑦ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᐊᑕᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᑎᑭᓚᐅᕐᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ (Boas 1888, Wenzel 2008). ᑕᒫᓃᑦᑐᑎᑦ, ᓇᑦᓯᕐᓯᐅᕐᐸᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᓯᑯᒥ ᓯᓈᖓᓂᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᓐᓂᐊᕐᐸᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᓯᑰᓂᖓᓂ. ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ, ᓄᓇᖅᐸᓕᕐᐸᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᑐᑦᑐᓕᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒃᑰᕐᑐᑎᑦ (Rangifer tarandus ssp. groenlandicus) (Wenzel 2008). ᐃᖃᓪᓕᐊᐸᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᑰᒃᑖᓇᖅ ᑰᖓᓄᑦ ᑎᓱᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ ᐅᑭᐊᑦᓵᒃᑯᑦ, ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᐅᑎᓕᕋᐃᒐᒥ ᓯᓈᖓᓄᑦ.

ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑐᓂ ᓯᕗᓕᑦᑕ ᓄᑦᑕᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐅᖅᑯᐊᑕ ᓯᓈᖓᒍᑦ, Wenzel (2008) ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕋᒥᒋᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᐊᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᑲᖐᓱᓐᓂᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᐳᕌᓐᔅ ᐳᐋᔅ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖓ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᖃᓂᒋᔮ, ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᖅ ᐊᑯᑦᓂᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕙᑖᖅᑑᕐᒥ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᐸᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᑐᑦᑐᓕᐊᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᓅᓚᐅᖏᓂᕐᒥᓂ ᐋᒋᓯᐅᓕᕐᐸᑦ Henry Kater ᓄᕗᑦᑎᐊᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑎᓂᑦ ᑲᑎᓯᔭᕐᑐᖅᑐᑎᑦ (Boas 1888, Wenzel 2008). ᐳᐋᔅ ᑎᑎᕋᓚᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᕙᓐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐃᔨᓪᓕᕐᑑᕐᒧᑦ, ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᐅᖓᑎᖔᖓᓄᑦ, ᐃᖃᓪᓕᐊᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᒻᒪᕆᖏᓂᑦ (Boas 1888, Wenzel 2008); ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓗᐊᕐᑑᔮᕐᓂᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᖑᔭᑦᓴᑦ.

ᖃᐅᑕᒫᕐᓯᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᐊᖑᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᐸᐃ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᑎᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᖏᑕ (RCMP), Wenzel (2008) ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᓈᓴᐃᖃᑦᑕᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᓯᒥ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ: 1923ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ 1924ᒧᑦ, ᑎᓴᒪᐅᔪᕐᖏᕋᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᓗ ᐊᖑᑏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖁᓕᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᑎᑭᖅᑲᓂ (Tikiqqat), ᐃᓂᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᓴᐱᓕᒻ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒎᓗᓯᐅᕐᑏᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᖃᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᓂᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ. ᐅᑮᕕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᑎᑭᖅᑲᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᓄᓪᓗ ᐃᒡᓗᕕᒐᖃᐅᕆᐊᖓ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᑦ, ᖃᕐᒪᐅᖏᖔᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓂ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᖕᒥ ᖃᕐᒪᖃᐅᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ (Wenzel 2008).

Wenzel (2008) ᓇᓗᓇᐃᓚᐅᕐᒥᔭᖏᑦ ᐃᓚᔮᕇᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ:

• ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓂ 1930ᒥᑦ 1940ᒧᑦ ᐃᓚᒌᑦ “ᐄᑯᖅ” (ᑲᑎᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᓗ ᐃᓄᑦᑕᖃᕐᑐᓂ) ᓄᓇᖃᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᑎᓚᕗᓂᒃᒥ; ᐊᒻᒪᓗ
• ᕿᑎᐊᓂ 1960ᖏᓂ, ᓇᐃᔭᐅᓇᐅᓴᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓚᒌᑦ, ᓯᕗᓕᕐᑎᖃᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᑯᓂᓘᓯᒥᑦ (ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐊᕙᑎᑦ ᖁᓕᓪᓗ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ ᐊᕙᑎᑦ ᖁᓕᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ) ᓅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒧᑦ ᐅᐱᕐᖔᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑉᐸᑦᑐᓂᑦ.

ᖃᐅᔨᕙᓪᓕᐊᔭᒥᓂᖕ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᐃᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᖓᑦ Wenzel (2008) ᐅᔾᔨᕈᓱᓐᓂᓚᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᖃᑦᓯᑲᓪᓚᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕈᒪᓚᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᕐᒥ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕐᑐᐊᑎᒍᑦ ᑲᑉᐱᐊᓱᐊᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᓄᑉᐸᑦᑕᖃᕆᐊᖓ ᐃᔨᓪᓕᕐᑑᖅ.

ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓃᓐᖔᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᐸᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᓱᖅᑲᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᖓᓄᓪᓗ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᒪᒧᑦ (Moshenko et al. 2003). ᓱᖅᑲᑦ ᓴᓇᔾᔪᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᑦᓴᖏᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᓈᑭᓪᓕᓵᕈᑎᑦᓴᖏᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᒪᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂᕐᒥᐅᓄᑦ, ᐅᖅᓱᖓᓗ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂ ᐅᖅᓱᒃᓴᒧᑦ, ᖃᐅᒪᖅᑯᑎᓄᑦ, ᐅᖅᓱᕐᑎᕈᑎᑦᓴᒧᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᐊᓴᐅᑎᓕᐅᕈᑎᑦᓴᓄᑦ (Kugler 1980, Ross 1993). ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕆᐊᓕᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᑭᕋᓴᖓᑕ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐃᓱᓕᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ 1600ᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᓗᐊᑦᑕᐃᓕᒪᓕᑕᐃᓐᓇᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᖃᑦᑕᓕᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ 1719ᖏᓂ, ᑕᑦᔅᒥᐅᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᑦᓯᐊᖃᑦᑕᓕᑕᐃᓐᓇᕋᒥ ᓈᓴᕐᑕᖏᓂᑦ Ross 1979, Woodby and Botkin 1993, Higdon 2008). ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᑭᕋᓴᖓᓂ 1800ᖏᓐᓃᓇᐸᓗᒃ ᑕᑦᔅᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ 1794ᒧᑦ, ᔮᒪᓂᒦᓐᖔᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᖃᑕᐅᕙᒃᑲᓗᐊᕿᓪᓗᑎᑦ (Ross 1979). ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖓᓂ 1820, ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐅᖅᑯᐊ ᒥᑦᑎᒪᑕᓕᖕᒥᑦ ᐃᑕᔭᕋᓕᖕᒧᑦ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑎᓄᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᓴᒧᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓲᑕᐅᓕᕆᐊᖓ Finley 1990) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᒃᑳᑦᓰᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑎᕋᓵᓗᖏᑦ ᐅᔾᔨᕐᓇᕐᓂᖅᐹᖑᓕᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ 1800 ᕿᑎᐊᓂᑦ ᐃᓱᐸᓗᖏᓐᓄᑦ (Higdon 2008; ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 4). ᐳᑎᔅ ᑯᐃᓐ ᓄᓇᖓᓂᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᑭᕋᓴᖓᓂ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑎᐅᓕᕆᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ 1900ᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᒥᐊᓕᒐᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᐃᓱᐸᓗᐊᓂ Holland 1970, Ross 1979, Higdon 2008). ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᖏᓐᓇᕐᑐᑎᑦ 1800ᖏᑕ ᐃᓱᐊᓄᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ 1911ᒧᑦ ᓄᖑᑕᐅᑦᓯᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᑕᒫᓐᖓᑦ (Woodby and Botkin 1993). ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᐊᕐᕕᖏᑦ ᐊᑎᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ‘ᕋᒃᓅᓱᕐ’ ᑯᐃᓐ ᓄᓇᖓᑕ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ‘ᓇᐸᔫᔮᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᖓᑕ’ ᐃᒃᑲᑦᑐᔮᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᖓᖃᑦᑕᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐃᒃᑲᕐᕈᓄᑦ (Finley 1990). ᐃᒃᑲᕐᕈᓄᑦ ᐊᒋᐅᑎᓲᖑᒻᒪᑕ ᒥᖅᑯᐃᔭᓕᕋᐃᒐᒥ (Fortune et al. 2017).

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᖃᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ‘ᕌᒃᓅᔅ’ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑎᖏᓂᑦ (Higdon 2008). ᐊᓯᔾᔨᓕᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᖏᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒍᓯᖏᓪᓗ, ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᕐᐹᖑᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᑕᓕᕉᔭᖅ (ᑕᓕᕉᔭᖅ) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᖅᕕᒃᑎᐅᒃ (ᐊᖅᕕᒃᑎᐅᒃ) (Finley 1990). ᒫᓐᓇᒃᑯᓪᓕ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᕐᓂ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᐅᒻᒪᕆᑦᑐᖅ, ᖃᕐᒪᓂᑦ, ᑐᐱᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᐱᕈᖏᑦᓱᓕ, ᕿᓐᓂᕕᓃᓪᓗ ᐃᒻᒪᓂᓴᑐᖃᑦ (ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 3, ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 4). ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᓄᖑᕈᑎᒐᒥᖕ ᑲᑕᑦᑕᑕᐃᓐᓇᕐᖓᑕ, ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᑕᒻᒫᕆᐊᕐᓯᒪᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᓯᐊᒻᒪᓗᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓇᒧᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ ᐅᓇᑕᕕᕐᔪᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᑉᐹᓂ ᐅᓪᓗᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᒥᖅᑯᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᑕᐅᖅᓰᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕖᓪᓗ ᑎᑭᒻᒪᑕ ᖃᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒃ ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ (Finley 1990). ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, ᐱᖃᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᖑᔭ, ᑕᓱᒐᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑰᓂᓘᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᑕᓐᖑᑎᒌᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᐃᓐᓇᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒥ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ 1960ᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᑦᓯᑲᓪᓚᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᖃᓇᒥᓃᑦ ᓇᐸᔪᑦ ᓱᓕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᑦ ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂᓴᑐᖃᑦ ᓱᓕ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᕐᒥᑦᑐᑦ, ᓄᕕᒃᑎᐊᐱᒃᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᓕᕉᔭᖅᒥ (ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ, ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᐊᒥᓃᑦ). ᖃᖅᑲᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖑᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ; ᓅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒧᑦ 1971ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓱᓕ ᐆᒪᔪᖅᓯᐅᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᒧᑦ ᑲᔾᔭᐅᓴᒋᐊᕐᕕᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒋᐊᕐᑐᓄᑦ (Priest and Usher 2004, Government of Nunavut 2014).

2.2 ᑎᑎᕋᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᐃᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔫᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓯᒐᐃᒐᒥᒃ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᕐᒥ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᕐᕙᒐᓱᑉᐸᓚᐅᕐᖓᑕ, ᐊᓯᖃᕋᓗᐊᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᖑᔭᑦᓴᑦ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᑎᓄᔾᔨᕕᒃ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖓᓂ) ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐊᕐᕙᒐᓱᕝᕕᐅᒐᔪᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᖅ (ᕼᐃᒡᑕᓐ 2008). ᐅᖃᐅᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕐᑐᐊᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᑦᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᒦᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᖃᕐᒪᖃᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑐᐃᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᒪᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂᑦ ᑎᑭᓚᐅᕐᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ ᓱᑯᑦᓯᐊᓃᕐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᐅᕗᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᓯᓈᖓᒍᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓄᑦ ᑲᑎᕝᕕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᑦᓵᒃᑯᓪᓗ (Higdon 2008).

ᑳᐱᑕ ᔮᓐ ᕌᔅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᒥᐊᖅᑐᖃᑎᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ HMS ᐃᓴᐱᓚ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ HMS ᐋᓕᒃᓵᓐᑕ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕐᐸᐅᓪᓗᑎᖕ ᑎᑭᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᔫᕋᑉᒥᑦ ᐃᒪᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ, ᐊᑎᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓴᐱᓚ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖓ (ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ) ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖓᓂᑦ (Ross 1819, Levere 1988, Finley 1990). ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖓᓂ 1818 ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᕿᓂᕆᐊᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᑕ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕐᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᐊᕐᕕᓕᐊᓘᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᕐᕕᖏᓐᓄᐊᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐅᖅᑯᐊᓄᑦ, ᐱᒋᐊᓚᕿᓕᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐳᑎᔅᒥᐅᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖁᑎᖏᑦ (Ross 1819, Holland 1970, Finley 1990). ᐅᐃᓕᔭᒻ ᐱᐅᕆ, ᐃᓚᐅᓯᒪᓚᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᕌᔅ ᐅᒥᐊᖅᑐᖃᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐅᑎᒃᑲᓐᓂᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ 1820ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᐅᕝᕕᐅᓕᓚᐅᕐᑐᓂ ᐱᖓᓱᒃᑲᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᑎᑭᒻᒪᑕ ᑎᖏᕐᕋᐅᑎᓕᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒧᑦ (Wenzel and Community of Clyde River 1999). ᐅᖃᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ "ᑕᑯᒋᓪᓕ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᕕᐅᔪᒍᑦ ᓄᑖᒥ ᓯᕕᑐᔪᐊᓗᖕᒥᓗ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᒋᕙᑦᑕᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕐᕕᑦᓴᒻᒪᕆᖕᒥᑦ” (Holland 1970).

ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐅᖅᑯᐊ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᒻᒪᕆᓕᕐᑐᓂ ᐊᒥᓱᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ‘ᕿᖓᖏᓂᑦ ᒪᒫᖏᔭᕐᑐᑦ’ ᐃᒪᖓ (Finley 1990). ᐅᐸᒍᒥᓇᕋᓗᐊᕆᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᓕᕉᔭᖅ (ᑕᓕᕉᔭᖅ) ᐊᐅᓕᑦᑎᕕᒃ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᑕ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓃᑦᑐᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᕐᕕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒧᑦ, ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᑕᐅᕘᓈᕋᔪᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᓯᑯᖃᓗᐊᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ (Finley 1990). ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᓴᓇᔪᖃᓚᐅᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᐅᓚᐅᑎᒨᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓂᑦ 1859ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐱᒋᐊᓪᓚᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓛᖑᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᒐᓱᓕᕐᑐᑎᑦ (Finley 2001). ᑎᓴᒪᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑎᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᓗᕕᖏᑦ ᑕᓕᕉᔭᒦᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓂ 1871ᒥᑦ 1882ᒧᑦ ᐊᓂᕐᓂᖃᕈᓐᓃᕐᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ, ᐱᓗᐊᓐᖑᐊᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᖓᔪᒋᔭᖓᓂ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᕐᐹᖑᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᒐᓱᐊᕐᑐᒥᓃᑦ Marshall Macklin Monaghan Ltd. 1982, ᐳᕆᓐᔅ ᕙᐃᔪᓪᔅ ᐱᖁᑎᑐᖃᕐᓂᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᖓᑦ, ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᐊᒥᓃᑦ). ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ 1906ᒧᑦ, ᐊᕐᕕᖃᑦᓯᐊᕈᓐᓃᓚᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᕐᕕᖓᑦ (Ross 1979, Finley 1990).

ᓴᐱᐅᓚᒻ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᑎᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᒎᓗᓯᐅᕐᑏᓪᓗ ᑲᒻᐸᓂᖓᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᖃᓚᐅᕐᖓᑕ 1923ᒥᑦ 1926ᒧᑦ ᓂᒋᐊᓂ ᕼᐊᐃᓇᓕ ᑲᐃᑐᕐ ᓄᕗᑯᑖᖓᓂ, ᐋᓕᒃᓵᓐᑕ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖓᓂ (Wenzel and Community of Clyde River 1999).

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑏᓪᓗ ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᑕ ᐊᕙᓗᐊᓂ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓕᐊᓘᒋᐊᖓ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᕐᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᒻᒪᕆᑦᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᓈᓴᐃᔪᓂᑦ. ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᐃᑭᐊᖅᑭᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᒻᒪᓂᓴᑐᖃᕐᓂᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᑦ − ᐃᑭᐊᖅᑭᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᔭᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᓐᖑᐊᓕᐅᕐᑏᑦ, ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᕐᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑐᖃᕐᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᑕ ᑭᓪᓕᖓᒍᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, 65ᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᐅᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑐᐃᓯᒪᓕᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᕙᖅᑑᖅ ᓂᒋᐊᓂ ᓯᓈᖓᒍᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 28ᖑᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᐅᒻ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓕ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᕐᓴᑦ ᑐᓂᕕᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥᓃᑦ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐱᑐᖄᓗᐃᑦ, ᐃᓚᖏᓪᓗ ᑐᐊᓯᑦᖑᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᔪᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᕐᑐᒥᓂᑐᖄᓗᐃᑦ ᐃᒻᒪᑐᖄᓗᖕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, ᒫᓐᓇᓂᓴᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, ᓯᕗᓕᕕᓂᕐᐳᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᕐᑐᑦ.

ᑎᑎᖅᑲᑐᖃᑦ ᐳᕆᓐᔅ ᕙᐃᔪᓪᔅ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᖓᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑎᓴᒪᐅᓕᖓᔪᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂᑦ:

1. ᐱᓂᕋ (ᐱᓂᕋᖅ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᐅᒻ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖓᓂ, ᐃᓗᐊᓃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ). 19 ᖃᕐᒪᖃᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᑐᓂᕕᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᒫᓐᓇᓂᓴᕐᓄᑦ
2. ᓄᕗᑦᑎᐊᐱᒃ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓ. ᑐᐱᖅᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᐱᕈᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᓐᓂᕕᓃᑦ (ᑐᓂᒥᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐃᒻᒪᓂᓴᑐᖄᓗᐃᑦ), ᖃᕐᒪᒥᓃᑦ ᐱᑐᖃᕐᔪᐊᕌᓗᐃᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑐᓂᕕᓃᑦ ᖃᕐᒪᒥᓂᖏᑦ; ᑕᑯᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 5A ᐆᑦᑑᑎᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ
3. ᑕᓕᕉᔭᖅ (Arctic Harbour) ᐊᐅᓕᑦᑎᕕᒃ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᓂ. ᔪᕋᑉᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᒪᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓃᓐᖔᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓗᕕᖃᕐᕕᖏᑦ ᑎᓴᒪᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓂ 1870 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 1880 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕋᑦᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᕕᖏᑕ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑎᖏᑦ ᓇᐸᔪᑦ (ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 5B), ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕐᕕᒥᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᓴᐅᓂᒥᓈᓗᐃᑦ; ᐊᒻᒪᓗ
4. ᑕᓕᕉᔭᖅ. ᓖᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒻᒪᓂᓴᑐᖄᓗᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᐃᑳᕆᐊᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᕼᐊᓐᓇᓚᖏᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓐᓄᑦ 13ᖑᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᖃᕐᒪᒥᓃᑦ, 14 ᐃᓚᓪᓗᒍ ᑐᐱᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᓐᓂᖃᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᖁᓕᑦ ᐅᖓᑖᓃᑦᑐᑦ. ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᒥᓂᕐᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ 1900 ᐱᒋᐊᓕᓵᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥᓃᑦ

ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓖᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒻᒪᓂᓴᑐᖃᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᓂ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᒍᑕᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᑕᕐᓂᓴᓖᑦ ᐃᓂᖏᑦ, ᐃᓕᖅᓯᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᑭᒃᑰᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ, ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᒻᒪᓂᓴᑐᖄᓗᐃᑦ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᕕᓂᑦᑕ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔫᑎᒥᓂᖏᑦ. ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᐃᓚᖓ 6.4 ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᖏᑕᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᓂ, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᑲᓐᓂᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓖᑦ ᑭᒃᑯᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓪᓗ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔫᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ, ᐅᐊᑦᓯᐊᕈᒃᑲᓂᖅ ᑐᓴᕐᑎᑦᓯᔪᓐᓇᓛᕐᑐᑦ.

ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᓯᒪᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᖃᑦᓯᐊᑎᒻᒪᕆᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒧᑦ ᐱᔭᑦᓴᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑕᐅᒐᓱᐊᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᒍᑎᑦᓴᓂᓪᓗ. ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᓇᓱᐊᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᓱᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᒐᒥ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᔭᕐᑐᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᐃᒻᒪᓂᓴᑐᖄᓗᓐᓂᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᑦᑕ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᖏᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᕆᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᑭᓱᖃᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᓇᐸᔪᓂᑦ, ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓂᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ. ᓂᐅᕐᕈᓯᒪᓂᖏᓂ ᐃᓕᒃᑲᓐᓂᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᑦᑎᓐᓃᓐᖔᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕐᑐᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᖅᐸᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᓂ.

ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 5: ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᒐᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᒻᒪᓂᓴᑐᖃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ. A. ᕿᓐᓂᕕᓃᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ. B. ᑎᓴᒪᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑎᓄᑦ ᐃᓗᕕᑦ ᑕᓕᕉᔭᕐᒥ

2.3 ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᑦᓴᒧᓪᓗ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕐᓂᖅ

ᓇᑦᓰᑦ (Pusa hispida), ᓂᕿᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᐊᑕᕐᖓᑕ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓯᓈᖓᓂᕐᒥᐅᓄᑦ, ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑕᐅᓂᕐᓴᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᐱᕐᖔᑯᓪᓗ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᓄᑦ, ᓇᑦᓯᕐᓯᐅᕐᕕᐅᖃᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ Milton Freeman Research 1976, Wenzel 1989, Wenzel 1995, Priest and Usher 2004, Gearheard et al. 2006, Government of Nunavut 2014). ᐅᔾᔪᑦ (Erignathus barbatus) ᖃᐃᕈᓖᓪᓗ (Pagophilus groenlandicus) ᐃᓛᓐᓂᓚᐅᓱᖓᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖑᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ (Milton Freeman Research 1976, Priest and Usher 2004, Government of Nunavut 2014). ᓇᓄᑦ (Ursus maritimus), ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᕙᒻᒪᑕ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔫᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ, ᐊᖑᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᐱᕐᖔᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᓇᑦᓯᕐᓯᐅᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓇᒡᒍᑎᒃᑯᑦ, ᓯᓈᖓᓂ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᒪᕕᒻᒥ ᓯᑯᓪᓛᑎᓪᓗᒍ Milton Freeman Research 1976, Gearheard et al. 2006, Wenzel 2011, Government of Nunavut 2014). ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᓯᓈᖓᒍᑦ ᓂᒋᕐᐸᓯᐊᓂ ᓇᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᓪᓚᕆᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓯᕗᓕᑦᑎᓄᑦ (Milton Freeman Research 1976). ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᑐᒑᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᕿᓚᓗᒃᑭᐊᖃᑦᑕᕆᓪᓗᑎᒃ (Monodon monoceros) ᐊᕝᕚᖅᑑᒥᑦ ᓇᑦᑎᖅᓱᔪᒧᑦ, ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᓪᓗ ᓂᒋᕐᐸᓯᐊᓄᑦ (Milton Freeman Research 1976, Government of Nunavut 2014).

ᐊᖑᕙᓱᓐᓂᖅ ᐱᓱᑦᑎᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᑐᑦᑐᒐᓱᓗᐊᖏᓂᕐᓴᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ (Rangifer tarandus) ᑐᑦᑐᑦ ᑲᖏᕙᖃᑦᑕᕐᖓᑕ ᓄᓇᒧᑦ, ᖃᓂᓪᓕᓗᐊᕐᐸᖏᒻᒪᑕ ᓯᓈᖓᓄᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ Milton Freeman Research 1976, Wenzel 2008, Government of Nunavut 2014, Jenkins and Goorts 2013, Campbell et al. 2015). ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᔫᑎᒋᔭᐅᓗᐊᖏᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ Milton Freeman Research 1976, Wenzel 2008), ᑎᖕᒥᐊᓂᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᓗᐊᕐᐸᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᕐᒥ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᒥᑏᑦ, ᖁᔾᔪᑦ, ᓂᕐᓖᑦ, ᐊᕿᒡᒌᓪᓗ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐊᖑᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓛᓐᓂᓚᐅᓱᖓᒃᑯᑦ Priest and Usher 2004, Harder and Wenzel 2012, Government of Nunavut 2014). ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᒪᓐᓂᖏᑦ, ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑑᖅ ᒥᑏᑦ ᒪᓐᓂᖏᑦ, ᒪᓐᓂᓕᐊᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᔫᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᔪᓚᐃᒥᓗ Priest and Usher 2004, Government of Nunavut 2014). ᒫᓐᓇᒃᑯᓪᓕ, ᒥᑭᔾᔨᕐᑐᖃᓗᐊᕐᐸᒍᓐᓃᕐᑐᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᖃᑦᓰᓐᓇᑯᓗᓐᓂᑦ ᑎᕆᒐᓂᐊᕐᐸᑦᑑᒐᓗᐊᑦ (Vulpes lagopus) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒪᕈᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ (Canis lupus) ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᑦ (Priest and Usher 2004).

ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ ᓂᕿᒋᔭᐅᓂᕐᐹᖑᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᓄᑦ (Priest and Usher 2004). ᑰᒃᑕᕐᓇᒥ, ᓄᕗᒃᑎᐊᐱᐅᒻ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᖓᓂ, ᐃᖃᓪᓕᐊᕐᕕᓪᓚᕆᐊᓗᖕ ᐃᖃᓗᑉᐱᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ, ᐃᖃᓪᓕᐊᖃᑦᑕᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᐹᖓᓄᑦ (Priest and Usher 2004, Government of Nunavut 2014). ᖃᓕᕋᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑎᑦᓴᒧᑦ (Scophthalmus maximus) ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᓂ ᐃᒪᕕᐅᓂᕐᓴᒥ 12 ᒪᐃᓕᓂᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᓕᒃ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᖓᓂᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᑐᒍ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂᑦ (Church 2011). ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕋᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐃᖃᓪᓕᐊᕐᑐᖃᕐᐸᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ (Priest and Usher 2004).

ᐃᓐᓇᑐᖃᐃᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᐊᐱᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᓱᐃᔪᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᓄᓇᒥᓐᓂ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖅ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᑐᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᖃᖏᑦ (ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᖏᑦ) ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓕᕆᓂᖅ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔭᐅᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᓄᖅᑑᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑎᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᐅᖃᖃᑎᒌᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ (ᐃᓚᖏᓂᑦ ᐊᐱᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᓇᐃᓪᓕᑎᕐᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓇᓂᓯᓚᐅᕐᑐᖅ Finley 1988a). ᐃᓐᓇᑐᖃᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕈᓯᐅᕙᓚᐅᕐᑐᓂᑦ, ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᓂᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓇᔪᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᕐᒥ ᓯᕗᓕᕗᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᕼᐊᓐᓇᓚᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᔭᒥᓐᓂᒃ ᓯᕗᓕᖏᓐᓃᓐᖔᕐᑐᓂᑦ, ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᑕᕐᓂᖓ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᓂᑦ, ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓯᒍᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑎᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᒥᐊᓕᒐᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᑦ.

3 ᐊᕙᑎᓃᑦᑐᓕᒫᑦ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᓪᓗ

3.1 ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᓱᑦᑏᑦ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓪᓗ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᑦ

ᓯᓚ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᓂᐅᓴᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᖓᑦ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᑎᒋᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕐᕕᖃᑦᓯᐊᕆᐊᖃᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒥ Finley 1988b, Finley et al. 1994, Finley et al. 1998). ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᓯᑯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓲᖑᓐᖏᒻᒪᑦ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᓯᑯᑎᒋᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑦ (Canadian Ice Service 2011) ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᓯᕿᓐᓂᔮᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᒪᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᒥᒻᒪᑕ. ᓯᕿᓐᓂᔮᕐᓂᖓ ᑕᕆᐅᖅ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᕈᔪᐃᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᑎᒋᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑕ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒋᑦ, ᒥᑭᑦᑑᑎᑯᓗᐃᑦ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓪᓗ) ᐃᒪᖓᓂ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ, ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓘᓕᔭᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᖏᔫᑕᐅᓂᕐᓴᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᓂᑦ ᓂᕿᓖᑦ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ (Finley et al. 1994, Finley et al. 1998).

ᓂᖏᖓᓂᐅᑉ ᓯᓚᖓ ᒪᓕᓐᓂᐅᓴᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᖓᑦ ᖁᑦᓯᓂᕐᓴᒦᑦᑐᖅ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓄᕆᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐅᖅᑯᐊᓂ (Bradley 1973, Maxwell 1980). ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖓ ᐊᓄᕆᖓᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓂ ᒪᕐᕉᓕᖓᔫᓐᓂᑦ ᓯᓚᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᖓᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᓯᐊᕐᑑᓐᓂᑦ, ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ ᓯᑯᔭᓐᓂᖓ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒥᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᒋᓂᐊᕐᑕᖓ (Bradley 1973, Maxwell 1980). ᐊᐅᔭᖅ ᓯᓚᑲᒻᒪᐅᓂᕐᓴᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ ᐃᒃᑮᓇᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ (ᔪᓚᐃᒥ ᓯᓚᖓᑕ ᓂᕈᒥᓐᓂᖓ +5°C) ᓄᕗᔭᓗᓂᓗ, ᐊᓄᕆᒐᔪᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᑦᓯᐸᓪᓗᓂᓗ (Bradley 1973, Maxwell 1981). ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓂ ᑲᕝᕙᖃᐃᓐᓇᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᐅᔭᖅ ᐃᒃᑮᓇᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᓄᕗᑦᑎᖅᓯᒪᐃᓐᓇᕐᓗᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᑦᓯᕋᔪᓐᖏᓂᕐᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒐᔪᒻᒪᑦ, ᓯᑯᐃᖃᑦᑕᕐᑐᖅ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ ᐋᒋᓯᐅᑉ ᓄᓐᖑᐊᓂ Finley 1990, Canadian Ice Service 2011, Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003). ᐅᑭᐊᑦᓵᖅ ᓯᓚᖓ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑑᖏᓇᐅᔭᕐᖓᑦ, ᐊᓄᕆᔪᐊᓘᓕᔭᑦᑐᖅ, ᐊᓄᕆᒐᔪᓐᓂᕐᓴᐅᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᑯᓇᓵᖃᑦᑕᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᒃᑑᕝᕙᐅᑉ ᓄᓐᖑᐊᓄᑦ (Maxwell 1981). ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᓪᓕ ᓯᓚᖓ (ᐅᒃᑑᕝᕙᒥᑦ ᐃᑉᐳᕈᒧᑦ) ᐃᒃᑮᓇᕐᓂᖓ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓃᑦᑐᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ -7 °C ᐊᒻᒪᓗ -30 °C ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ~75% ᐳᓴᑦᑎᖓ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ 258 mm ᒥᓕᒦᑕᒥᑦ ᖃᓐᓂᐸᑦᑐᖅ (ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃ 2019)

ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 84% ᐳᓴᑦᑎᓪᓗᐊᖓ ᐊᕙᑎᐊ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᐅᑉ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ, ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᕿᑎᓪᓗᐊᖓ, ᑕᕆᐅᖑᒻᒪᑦof (ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 1). ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖓ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 30 km ᑭᓚᒦᑕᑦ ᓯᕕᑐᓂᖓ ᓴᓂᒧᑦ ᐹᖓᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᑎᓂᖅᐹᖑᓂᖓ 260 m ᒦᑕᓂᑦᑐᓂ (Finley 1987, Finley 1990). ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖓᑕ ᐃᖅᑲᖓ ᓯᕐᒥᓪᓛᔪᐊᓗᖕ ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᒥᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᔭᕋᓱᔾᔪᑦ ᑐᐊᐸᓪᓗ ᐅᔭᕋᓛᑦ ᑭᕕᓂᑯᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᐅᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓕᕐᖓᑦ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᕐᐹᒥ ᖁᐊᕕᔾᔪᐊᓚᐅᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓯᕐᖕᒦᓐᓇᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ (Finley 1987, Finley 1990). ᒪᕐᕈᐃᓕᖓᔫᓐᓂ ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᓕᒃ, ᐊᖅᕕᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᐃᑐᕐ, ᐃᑎᔪᕐᔪᐊᕌᓗᖕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᐅᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᓂᕿᒋᔭᐅᓪᓚᕆᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓄᑦ (Finley 1987, Finley1990, Finley et al. 1994, Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003). ᐃᒃᑲᓐᓂᖓ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, <30 m ᒦᑕᑦ ᑐᖓᓂ), ᓄᕗᑦᑎᐊᐱᐅᑉ ᐅᖅᑯᐊᓕᓂᖓᓂ, ᓄᐊᕝᕕᐅᔭᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᖓᓄᑦ ᑲᑕᒐᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᓂᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕕᑦᓯᐊᕙᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᖅᑯᐊᓕᓂᐅᒧᑦ ᐊᓄᕆᒧᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ (Finley 1990, Aitken and Fournier 1993). ᐱᖃᓗᔭᑦ ᐊᔪᖅᓯᒐᔪᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᐃᖅᑲᖓᓄᑦ ᑲᐃᑐᕐ ᓄᕗᐊᓄᑦ (Finley 1987, Finley 1990, Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003). ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᓪᓕ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᕐᐸᓯᐊ ᐃᑭᐅᒻᒪᑦ, ᓯᕕᑐᔪᑲᓪᓚᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᒃᑲᓐᓂᖓ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐅᖅᑯᐊᑕ ᓯᓈᖓᒍᑦ (70 km ᑭᓚᒦᑕᑦ), ᑐᑭᓪᓗᐊᖓᓃᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᓄᕆᒃᑲᐅᓂᖓᑕ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ‘ᑎᑭᓪᓚᑦᓯᔭᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᐊᓄᕆᒃᑲᐅᕗᖅ’, ᐊᓄᕆ ᓂᕈᒥᑦᑐᒦᓐᖔᕐᑐᖅ ᓂᓪᓕᓇᕐᓂᖅᓴᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᒐᐃᒐᒥ (Finley et al. 1994). ᓂᓪᓕᓇᕐᓂᖅᓴᒦᓐᖔᕐᑐᒥᑦ (<0°C ᓯᐅᓪᓯᐊᔅ) ᐅᐊᓐᓇᒥᑦ ᓂᒋᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᒪᐅᑉ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖓ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒻᒦᓐᖔᕐᑐᖅ ᐃᒃᑲᓐᓂᖓᒍᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖓᑕᓗ ᓱᒃᑲᓂᖓ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᕐᓴᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᓂ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓂᕐᓴᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᓂᓗ ᐃᑎᓂᖓ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᐊᓄᕆᓗ ᓇᑭᓐᖔᕐᓂᖓ ᓯᑯᖃᕈᓐᓃᕐᓯᒪᑲᐃᓐᓈᕐᔪᑦᑎᓪᓗᒍ (Fissel et al. 1982, Finley 1990). ᑕᒫᓂ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖓ ᒪᓕᑉᐸᑦᑐᖅ ᑎᓂᑦᑕᕐᓂᖓᓂᑦ, ᐅᓄᕆᐅᑉ ᐃᖏᕋᓂᖓᓂᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒪᐅᑉ ᐃᖅᑲᖓᑕ ᐃᑎᔫᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᐃᑲᓐᓂᖓᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᕈᔪᑦ ᓂᕿᒋᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᓯᒃᑯᐊᓘᓕᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ (genus Calanus) ᐅᑭᐊᑦᓵᒃᑯᑦ (Finley et al. 1994).

ᐃᓚᖓᒍᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᖓ ᐃᓐᓈᕈᒧᑦ ᐃᑎᓂᓪᓛᔪᐊᓘᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᒃᑲᓂᓪᓛᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᕈᓘᔭᓄᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᓪᓚᕆᐅᓕᕐᐸᑦᑐᖅ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕐᕕᐅᒐᒥ ᐊᕐᕕᓄᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᕐᒥ. ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᕐᓴᐅᒻᒥᔪᖅ, ᒪᕐᕉᓕᖓᔫᓐᓂ ᐃᖅᑲᖓ ᐃᑎᓂᓕᐊᓘᒻᒪᑦ, ᐊᖅᕕᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᐃᑐᕐ, ᑲᑎᕝᕕᐅᒐᔪᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᕐᔪᐊᕌᓗᖕᓄᑦ Calanus ᖁᐱᕐᕈᕈᔪᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓄᑦ ᓂᕿᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᐊᑕᕐᑐᓂᑦ (Bradstreet et al. 1987, Finley et al. 1986, Finley et al. 1994, Finley 1987, Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2002). ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᐃᒃᑲᓐᓂᖓ ᐊᕐᕕᓄᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᓪᓚᕆᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᖃᐃᖅᓯᕐᕕᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᓄᓕᐊᕐᕕᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᒫᓕᕋᐃᒐᒥᖕ ᐃᒃᑲᕐᕈᓄᑦ ᐊᒋᐅᑎᔭᑦᑐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᒪᒫᖏᔭᕐᑐᑦ (Finley et al. 1994, Nunavut Wildlife Management Board 2000). ᐊᕐᕖᓪᓗ ᐃᒃᑲᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᕿᒫᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐋᕐᓕᕆᓕᕋᐃᒐᒥ (Orcinus orca) (Finley et al. 1984, Finley et al.1986, Finley 1990, George et al. 1994, Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2002, Reinhart et al. 2013). ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᕿᒫᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᒃᑲᓂᕐᓴᒧᑦ ᐊᕐᓗᑕᖃᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᓄᑦᑎᑐᑦ ᐃᒪᐃᓕᔭᐅᓲᑦ ᐊᕐᓗᖓᐃᔪᖅ, ᐋᕐᓗᖓᔪᑦ (Finley and Miller 1982), ᐋᕐᓕᓐᖑᔪᖅ (Finley 1990), ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐋᕐᓕᕆᔪᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ Nunavut Wildlife Management Board 2000). ᐃᒃᑲᑦᑐᔮᑦ, ᐅᖅᑯᐊᓂᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᓕᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᖕᒥ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ. (Higdon et al. 2011).

ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓴᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓄᓇᖓᑕ ᑕᐅᑦᑐᖓ ᐊᑦᑎᓂᖅᓴᖅ ᒪᓂᕋᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᒪᖅᓱᓪᓛᔪᖅ, ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᑭᐊᖓ ᖁᐊᖓᐃᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ, ᐃᔾᔪ ᓵᑦᑐᑯᓘᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓚᖓ ᐃᔾᔪᖃᐅᓐᖏᒻᒪᕆᑦᑐᖅ, ᕿᓚᒥᑯᓗᓪᓗ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᖃᑲᐃᓐᓇᐸᑦᑐᓂ (Sutherland 1853). ᓄᓇᖓ ᒪᓃᑦᑑᓂᕐᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᓂᒋᐊ, ᓄᓇᐅᓪᓗ ᐃᓚᖓ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓃᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᔨᓪᓕᕐᑑ. ᓯᕐᖕᒥᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᐃᔨᓪᓕᕐᑑ ᐹᖓᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᓄᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ. ᐳᖅᑐᓂᖅᐹᕐᓕ ᑮᑦᑕᕋᔪᒃ ᓯᕐᖕᒥᖓ (~900 m ᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᐳᖅᑐᓂᓕᒃ ᐅᓕᓐᓂᖓᓂᑦ).

ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᓚᐅᕐᖓᑕ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᓄᕗᑦᑎᐊᐱᒥ 2002ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ (Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003). ᓄᓇᒥ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᕈᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓄᓇᖓᑕ ᐃᑭᐊᖓ ᖁᐊᖑᐃᓐᓇᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᓂᓪᓚᓱᒃᑲᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐃᔾᔪᖃᑦᓯᐊᖏᑦᑐᒥ, ᐊᓄᕆᒃᑳᓗᒻᒥᓗ (Porsild 1964). ᓄᓇᖓ ᐸᓂᖅᑑᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᓂ, ᐱᕈᕐᑐᖃᐅᕋᓂ, ᖃᖅᑲᔮᖃᐅᕐᑐᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᖃᐅᑦᓯᐊᕋᓂᓗ ᐃᓚᖓ ᓯᓈᖓᓂ ᐃᓚᖓᓗ ᖃᐅᓯᕐᑐᒻᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᐱᕈᕐᑐᓗᐊᓘᓪᓗᓂ ᒪᓂᕋᐅᓂᖓ (Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003). ᐃᕕᑦᓱᒐᑦ, ᓇᐹᖅᑐᓛᑦ, ᓇᐸᔪᓐᖓᐅᔭᖅ, ᐅᕐᔪ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᕈᕋᔪᑦᑐᑦ (Roosdahl 1995, Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003). ᐃᒪᖃ ᐊᕙᑎᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ (Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003). ᐱᕈᕐᓂᖅᐹᖑᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᖁᐊᕋᐃᑦ (Salix herbacea) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᕐᐱ ᓱᐳᑏᓪᓗ (Salix Arctica), ᑎᒥᒧᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔾᔪᑏᑦ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᑦ ᒪᑯᐊᖑᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᑭᒍᑕᖏᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᓇᖁᑏᓪᓗ (Vaccinium uliginosum), ᐸᐅᕐᖓᑦ (Empetrum nigrum), ᕿᔪᑦᑖᑦ (Cassiope tetragona), ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᔪᑦᑖᕐᐸᐃᑦ ᓛᐸᑐᐊᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᑏᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ (Ledum decumbens) ᐱᕈᕋᔪᓐᓂᕐᓴᑦ ᐸᓂᕐᓂᖅᓴᒥ (Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003). ᑎᖓᐅᔭᑦ ᓂᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᐅᕐᔪᓪᓗ ᓇᒥᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐱᕈᕈᓐᓇᕐᒥᔪᑦ (Roosdahl 1995, Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003). ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 6 ᓴᖅᑭᔮᕐᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᓯᐊᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᓄᕗᑦᑎᐊᐱᒃᒥ.

ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 6: ᐆᑦᑑᑏᑦ ᓄᓇᕋᓯᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ (ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᒐᖏᑦ: ᑎ. ᕼᐆᒐᓐ).

Armeria maritima (ᒥᓪᓗᐊᒐᑦ)

Saxifraga nivalis (ᓇᐸᔪᓐᖓᐅᔭᖅ)

Alopecurus magellanicus(ᐃᕕᒃ)

Silene uralensis(ᓇᑲᓲᔭᐃᑦ)

Salix Arctica(ᓱᐳᑎᑦ)

Honckenya peploides(ᑲᑭᓪᓚᕐᓇᐃᑦ)

3.2 ᐆᒪᔪᑦ (ᓂᕐᔪᑎᑦ)

3.2.1 ᐊᕐᕖᑦ

ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᑕᕆᐅᖓᓃᑉᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ−ᐊᑯᑦᑎᑐᑦ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᐊᕐᕕᖏᓐᓄᑦ (COSEWIC 2009). ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᓃᒐᔪᑦᑐᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᓗ ᐃᒪᕕᒻᒥ, ᐊᒥᑦᑑᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᐸᐃ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᕐᔪᐊᖓᑕ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᑮᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᐸᐃ ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊᑕ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᖓᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓱᓪᓗᐊᓗᐊᓂ, ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᑭᕋᓴᖓ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᒋᕐᐸᓯᐊᓂ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᑕ (Dueck et al. 2006, COSEWIC 2009, SARA Registry 2017; ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 7). ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ 2005 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖓᓄᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑎᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖃᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᓕᖓᒋᐊᖏᑦ ᐃᓚᒌᑦ: ᐊᐃᑉᐸᖏᑦ ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᐸᐃ ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊᑕ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᖓᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒥᑦᑑᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᓂ, ᐊᐃᑉᐸᖏᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᓱᓪᓗᐊᓗᐊᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᓂ (COSEWIC 2009). ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᓂᑦ, ᐊᐅᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᕙᓕᕐᑐᑦ (Postma et al. 2006), ᖃᖓᑦᑕᖅᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑎᒍᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ (Heide-Jørgensen et al. 2003, Heide-Jørgensen et al. 2006, Dueck et al. 2006), ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕕᑦᑐᖅᓯᒪᕙᓐᓂᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᐅᑭᐅᑭᓐᓂᕐᓴᑦ ᐃᓪᓚᐅᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᓯᔪᓪᓗ (Cosens and Blouw 2003) ᓇᓗᓇᕐᑐᔮᕈᓐᓃᕐᑐᖅ ᑖᒃᑯᓇᓐᖓᑦᓴᐃᓐᓈᕐᖓᑕ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ−ᐊᑯᑦᑎᑐᑦ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᐊᕐᕕᖏᑦ.

ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑏᑦ ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᒻᒪᑕ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ−ᐊᑯᑦᑎᑐᑦ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᐊᕐᕕᖏᑦ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 12,000 ᑕᐅᓴᖏᓃᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᓴᓕᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᑎᑭᓚᐅᕐᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ (Ross 1979, Woodby and Botkin 1993). ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᓴᓕᐅᕐᑏᑦ, ᐃᓱᓕᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᓕᓵᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ 1900ᖏᑦ, ᓄᖑᑕᐅᑲᓴᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᑎᑦ 1,000 ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᑐᖔᓃᓕᕐᒪᕆᑦᑐᑎᑦ (Woodby and Botkin 1993, Finley 2001). ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᑕᒫᓂ ᐊᕐᕙᒐᓱᑉᐸᒍᓐᓃᕐᑑᒐᓗᐊᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᓂᑯᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐅᑎᕐᔫᒥᓯᒪᓕᕐᑑᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᕐᔪᐊᖑᓐᖏᑦᑑᒐᓗᐊᓂᑦ 100 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ (Finley 2001). ᒫᓐᓇᕋᑖᖅ ᓈᓴᕐᑕᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᒥᑦᓴᐅᓴᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ−ᐊᑯᑦᑎᑐᑦ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᐊᕐᕕᖏᑦ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓃᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ 6,300 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 7,700 (Cosens et al. 2006, Doniol-Valcroze et al. 2015, Frasier et al. 2015). ᐃᓄᐃᓪ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᖓᓄᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕚᓪᓕᕐᓯᒪᔪᒻᒪᕆᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂ ᐊᓂᒍᕐᑐᓂ, ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓂ 1950 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 1970, ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓂ ᑕᑯᓯᔪᖃᕐᓂᕋᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕆᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐊᑐᓂ ᐊᕐᕕᓯᔪᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖃᑦᑕᕋᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐱᖅᓱᐊᕆᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂ (Nunavut Wildlife Management Board 2000). ᒫᓐᓇᕋᑖᖅ ᓈᓴᐃᔪᖃᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒥ ᒥᑦᓴᐅᓴᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓃᒋᐊᖏᑦ 1,105 (95% CI: 532-2, 294) ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᐸᑦᑕᖓᓂ (Hansen et al. 2012). ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᓐ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᖃᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑎᒻᒪᕇᓪᓗ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᕈᓯᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᓇᓕᖅᑯᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᒋᐊᖏᑦ , ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ−ᐊᑯᑦᑎᑐᑦ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦ. ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖓᓂ 2009, ᑳᓯᕕᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ−ᐊᑯᑦᑎᑐᑦ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᐊᕐᕕᖏᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᓇᕐᑐᒦᓐᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ. ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᓱᓕ ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔨᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑎᓕᕕᒻᒧᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᐅᓕᕐᑐᓄᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᓴᓪᓕᓗᐊᖁᓇᒋᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖑᑦ (SARA).

ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅᒨᕋᔪᑦᑐᑦ ᐋᒋᓯᐅᑉ ᓄᓐᖑᐊᓂ ᐅᒃᑑᕝᕙ ᐱᒋᐊᓐᖓᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ, ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᓵᓕᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᒪᐃ ᐱᒋᐊᓐᖓᕐᓂᖓᓂ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᓄᕕᒻᒪᒥ (Finley et al. 1994, Nunavut Wildlife Management Board 2000, Dueck et al. 2006, Nielson et al. 2015). ᓯᕗᓖᑦ ᑎᑭᖅᑳᕋᔪᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᖏᔫᑕᐅᓂᕐᓴᑦ ᐱᕈᕇᕐᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒦᒐᔪᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᒃᑲᓂᕐᓴᒥ, ᑕᖃᐃᖅᓯᖅᑐᑎᑦ, ᒪᒫᖏᔭᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᓄᓕᐊᕆᐊᕐᑐᖅᑐᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ (Finley et al. 1994). ᐱᑐᖃᐅᓂᕐᓴᑦ ᑎᑭᑉᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐋᒋᓯᐅᑉ ᓄᓐᖑᐊᓂ ᓯᑎᒻᒪᒧᓪᓗ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑯᓂᑲᓪᓚᕈᓗᖕ ᐃᒪᕕᒻᒥ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᖅᐸᑦᑐᑦ (Finley et al. 1986, Finley et al.1994, Finley 1987). ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒐᔪᒻᒪᓐ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 10ᓂᑦ 80ᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᖃᓗᐊᓐᖑᐊᐸᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ ᓯᑉᑎᒻᒪᐅᑉ ᓄᓐᖑᐊᓂ (Finley et al. 1984, Finley et al. 1986, Finley et al. 1994, Finley 1987, Finley 1988b, Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2002, Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003, Doniol-Valcroze et al. 2015), ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑏᑦ ᓈᓴᐃᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᑕᑯᓯᓯᒪᔪᑦ 147ᓄᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᓯᒥ (Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003).

ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒦᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓛᒃᑰᖓᕙᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᕐᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐱᑐᖃᐅᓂᕐᓴᑦ ᐊᖏᔫᑕᐅᓂᕐᓴᓪᓗ ᐱᕈᕇᕐᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ (Finley et al. 1984, Finley et al. 1986, Finley et al. 1994, Finley 1987, Finley 1990). ᐊᕐᕕᓯᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᑕᑯᒐᔪᐃᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓪᓗᓂᑦ ᒫᕋᓛᓕᓐᓂᑦ, ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᖁᑦᓯᑦᑐᒦᓐᓂᕐᓴᐅᕙᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᑎᓯᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᖑᓴᓪᓗᓂᑦ ᐱᕈᕇᕐᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᓂᓪᓗ ᓯᑯᓂᐅᓴᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᐅᒃᑑᕝᕙ ᓄᓐᖑᐊᓂ (McCartney and Savelle 1985, Finley et al. 1994). ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᑎᓄᔾᔨᕕᒻᒧᑦ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᕐᔪᐊᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᑎᓕᕆᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᑭᕋᓴᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᓂᒋᕐᐸᓯᐊᓄᑦ (Burns et al. 1993, CWS 1996, COSEWIC 2009).

ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦ, ᓯᐊᑦᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᒥᑕᖏᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒥᑦᑐᑦ ᒪᓕᑉᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓂᕿᒥᓂᖕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᖑᕋᓛᖑᓂᕐᓴᓂᑦ Calanus, ᓂᕿᓪᓗᐊᑕᖏᑦ (Finley et al. Finley et al.1986, Finley et al.1994, Finley et al.1998, Lowry 1993, Nunavut Wildlife Management Board 2000, Laidre et al. 2004, Laidre et al. 2007). ᑲᓱᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᓄᑦ ᓂᕿᖃᒧᑦ ᑕᐃᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ "Calanus ᑭᖑᕋᓛᓄᑦ ᐊᑕᔪᑦ" (Finley et al. 1998). ᐅᑭᐊᑦᓵᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᑲᑎᑉᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᑭᖑᕋᓛᖑᓂᕐᓴᓂᑦ Calanus ᐱᕈᕇᕐᓯᒪᓕᕐᑐᓂᑦ, ᐆᒻᒪᑦᑎᐊᕆᓐᓂᖏᓂ ᖁᐃᑦᑎᓯᒪᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᖁᐱᕈᕈᔪᓐᓄᑦ (Bradstreet and Cross 1982, Finley et al. 1986, Dueck and Ferguson 2009). ᐅᐊᓐᓇᔮᒥᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓯᒐᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᑦᓴᐸᒻᒪᑦ ᑲᑎᑦᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᑭᖑᕋᓛᖑᓂᕐᓴᑦ ᐃᑎᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ. ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᓂᕆᔪᐊᓘᓕᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᑭᖑᕋᓛᓂᑦ ᐃᑎᓂᖓᓂ ᐊᖅᑲᐅᒪᓕᖅᑭᑦᑖᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᐅᑉ ᓇᑉᐸᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᖅᑲᐅᒪᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᓂᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᓱᖅᑲᒥᓄᑦ ᓴᓗᒻᒪᐃᕙᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓂᑦ (Finley et al. 1994, Nielsen et al. 2015). ᐃᒪᕕᐅᓪᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᖓᒍᑦ ᑭᖑᕋᓛᓂᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᖅᐸᑦᑐᑦ. ᐊᒥᐊᒃᑯᓪᓛᖏᑦ ᑭᖑᕋᓛᖑᓂᕐᓴᑦ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓇᑦᓴᕐᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᒨᓕᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᐃᒪᕕᐊᓄᑦ ᐊᒃᑲᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᒪᓐᓃᔭᕆᐊᕐᑐᓕᕐᑐᑦ ᐅᐱᕐᖓᑦᓵᒃᑯᑦ. ᑖᕙᓐᖓᑦ, ᐱᒋᐊᓕᖅᑭᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᐃᓐᓇᕋᒥ ᐊᒥᓱᕈᒃᑲᓂᕋᒥ, ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᓇᑦᓴᕐᑕᐅᓕᕆᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ (Finley et al. 1994). ᒫᓐᓇᕋᑖᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᕿᐊᕈᕐᒥᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᑕᐅᔪᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ−ᐊᑯᑦᑎᑐᑦ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᐊᕐᕕᖏᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᖃᓯᐅᑎᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᑭᖑᖅᐸᐅᓂᕐᓴᓂᑦ ᐊᕿᐊᕈᒻᒥᑦᑐᑦ (Mysis oculata) ᓂᕿᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᐊᑕᕐᒥᒻᒪᑕ (Pomerleau et al. 2011).

ᓴᓐᖏᓂᖓ “Calanus ᑭᖑᕋᓛᓄᑦ ᑲᓱᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ” ᒪᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓂᖓᓂᑦ (Finley et al. 1994). ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᖕᒥ ᑐᕙ ᓯᑯᐃᖅᓵᓕᑉᐸᑦ, ᐅᓄᕐᑐᕐᔪᐊᕌᓘᓕᔭᑦᑐᑦ ᖁᐃᑦᑎᓐᓂᑰᓕᕐᑐᑦ ᑭᖑᕋᓛᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒥ ᐊᕐᕕᓄᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᓂᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᓯᑯᓕᐊᓘᖏᓐᓇᑎᓪᓗᒍ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓂ 1983ᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ1992ᒥ), ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᑭᖑᕋᓛᓂᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᖃᑦᓯᐊᐸᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ.

ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᒐᓗᐊᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᔾᔨᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ 1900ᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᑐᒍ, ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᓱᓕ ᐊᓐᖑᑎᓐᖏᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᔭᐃᕐᑐᒧᑦ, ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᖅ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᐆᒪᑎᒋᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᓲᕐᓗ ᐊᑯᓂᐊᓗᖕ ᑭᖑᕚᕇᑦ ᐃᓚᕙᓪᓕᐊᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᐊᕐᓇᓪᓗᐃᑦ ᒫᕋᓛᖅᑖᓲᖑᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᑯᓗᒻᒥᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᓗ (3− 7) ᐊᓂᒍᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ (Rugh et al. 1992, Schell and Saupe 1993, COSEWIC 2009). ᐋᕐᓕᕆᔪᑦ, ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᖅ ᒫᕋᓛᖏᑦ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐱᔾᔪᑕᐅᓪᓗᐊᑕᕐᖓᑦ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓚᕿᔪᑦ (Mitchell and Reeves 1982, Reeves and Mitchell 1988, George et al. 1994, Finley 2001, Moshenko et al. 2003, Higdon et al. 2011). ᐅᓄᕐᑐᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒦᑉᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᕿᓕᕈᓕᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᓕᕆᓂᑯᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᕐᔪᐊᕌᓗᐃᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᕐᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᖑᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᕐᓕᕆᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ (Finley et al. 1984, Finley et al.1986, Finley 1990, George et al. 1994, Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2002, Reinhart et al. 2013). ᐊᕐᓗᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᕐᓴᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓕᕆᓂᕐᓴᐅᓕᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᒥᖕ ᓯᑯᑦᓵᓕᖃᑦᑕᓕᖅᐸᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᕿᒫᕕᑦᓴᖃᕈᓐᓃᕈᑎᒃ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐅᖅᑰᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ (Moshenko et al. 2003, Higdon et al. 2011, IPCC 2014). ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᑐᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᓗ ᓯᕗᓂᔅᓴᑎᓐᓂ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᓇᖅᑐᒦᑎᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ ᒪᑯᓂᖓ ᓲᕐᓗ ᐅᒥᐊᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᓵᕐᑐᑦ, ᖃᖓᑕᓲᑦ ᐊᑦᑎᓈᕐᑐᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒪᕕᒻᒥ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᖃᖅᑲᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᓂᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐳᔪᕐᓗᒧᑦ ᓱᕈᕐᑎᕆᔭᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓱᕋᑦᑎᕆᔪᓂᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᑦᓯᑦᑕᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᓄᓗᐊᓄᑦ (Finley et al. 1986, Philo et al. 1992, Finley 2001, COSEWIC 2009).

3.2.2 ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᐳᐃᔩᑦ

ᓇᓄᖅᑕᖃᐃᓐᓇᓲᖑᒻᒪᑦ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᑭᕋᓴᖓ ᐅᓄᕐᑑᓂᖏᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᕗᑦ, ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑐᓕᕆᔩᑦ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᕈᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ, ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᔪᑦ (Dowsley 2007, Peacock et al. 2013). ᓇᓄᑦ ᑲᑎᓐᖓᒐᔪᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒥ ᐊᐅᔭᑐᖃᐅᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓯᑯᖃᕈᓐᓃᑐᐊᕐᖓᑦ (Government of the Northwest Territories 1993, Igalirtuuq Steering Committee 2000, Government of Nunavut 2014). ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᐱᕐᖓᑦᓵᒃᑯᓪᓗ, ᓇᓄᑦ ᓯᐊᑦᓯᒪᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᒪᕕᒻᒥ ᑲᕝᕙᖃᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᓯᓖᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓪᓗᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᐅᓕᑦᑎᕕᒻᒥ ᑲᐃᑐᕐ ᓄᕗᐊᓂᓗ (Government of the Northwest Territories 1993). ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖓᓂ 1987, ᓂᕈᐊᕐᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᐸᖕᓂᖅᑐᖅᒥᑦ ᐊᕝᕚᖅᑑᒧᑦ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔭᐅᓗᓂ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ, ᓂᕈᐊᕋᑦᓴᓐᖑᕐᑎᑕᐅᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᑦᓴᐅᒋᐊᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐱᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑑᒋᐊᖓ ᑎᓯᖃᐅᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖅᐸᓯᒻᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᓈᖓ ᓇᓄᖃᒃᑲᐅᓂᖓᓄᑦ (Government of the Northwest Territories 1993) (ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 8).

ᓇᑦᓰᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᓐᓇᐅᔭᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒫᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ (Government of Nunavut 2014). ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᑦᓵᒃᑯᓪᓗ, ᖃᑦᓰᓐᓇᑯᓗᓐᓂᑦ ᐅᔾᔪᖃᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᒃᑲᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᓯᓈᖓᓂ (Government of Nunavut 2014). ᓯᑉᑎᒻᒪᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᒃᑑᕝᕙᒥᓗ, ᖃᑦᓰᓐᓇᐅᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᖃᐃᕈᓖᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᓵᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓂᒋᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᓵᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᒍᑦ (Government of Nunavut 2014). ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᐃᕝᕙᒋᐊᕐᐸᓚᐅᕐᑑᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ ᓇᓄᖃᐅᓲᒥ ᐊᐅᓕᑦᑎᕕᖕ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖏᓂ (Milton Freeman Research 1976) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᑐᖃᖅᑕᖃᐅᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᐅᓕᕕᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᕕᒃ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᓂ (Finley 1988a, Wenzel 2008). ᐊᕐᓗᖃᓚᐅᓪᓚᓲᖅ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ ᐋᒋᓯᒥ ᓯᑉᑎᒻᒪᒥᓗ (Finley et al. 1986, Higdon et al. 2011), ᖃᓚᓗᒐᓪᓗ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᖅ (Delphinapterus leucas) ᐃᓛᓐᓂᓚᐅᓱᖓᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᑭᓲᖑᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᔪᓚᐃᒥ ᐋᒋᓯᒥᓗ (Government of Nunavut 2014. ᕿᕐᓂᖅᑕᑦ ᑑᒑᓖᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᕐᒨᕋᔪᐃᑦᑐᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐃᒻᒪᑐᖃᖅ ᐊᖑᔭᐅᕙᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᑕᒫᓂ (Government of Nunavut 2014).

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᐃᓂᐅᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᖑᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓂ 1923ᒥᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ 1974ᒧᑦ (Milton Freeman Research 1976). ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓂ ᑕᐃᒫᖕ ᓯᑯᒥ ᓇᒡᒍᑏᑦ ᐋᔪᕋᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒡᓗᐃᑦ ᓇᑦᓯᓄᑦ ᐊᕙᓗᐊᓂ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᑦ ᐹᖓᓃᒐᔪᑦᑐᑦ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᐅᓂᕐᓴᓂᓗ, ᐱᖃᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᕐᖓᑕ ᐅᔾᔪᓂᑦ ᐆᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᔭᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᑭᐊᑦᓵᒃᑯᓪᓗ, ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ ᐱᕕᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂ, ᓯᑯᓪᓛᓲᖑᓂᖓᓄᑦ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᖃᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᔾᔪᖃᕋᔪᐃᑦᑑᒋᐊᖓ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᐊᕙᓗᐊ, ᑲᑎᓐᖓᓂᕐᓴᐅᕙᒻᒪᑕ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᕐᐸᓯᒻᒥ ᐱᖑᐊᕐᔪᒃ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ.

3.2.3 ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᑦ

ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᐃᖅᑲᖓ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᕈᓘᔭᓂᑦ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᖃᐅᕐᑐᖅ boulder-kelp ("ᑯᐊᓐᓂᑦ") ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᖂᑏᑦ ᖁᖓᓯᖅᐸᐃᓪᓗ (Aitken and Fournier 1993). ᑯᐊᓐᓃᑦ Laminaria ᐊᒻᒪᓗ Rhodomela ᐱᑕᖃᕋᔪᑦᑐᑦ (ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ, ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ). Aitken and Fournier (1993) ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑐᐃᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᐅᕐᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᕈᔪᓐᓂᑦ ᐃᔨᓪᓕᕐᑑ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑐᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᒋᑦ; ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᕈᔪᐃᑦ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᒪᑯᐊ bivalves, gastropods, polychaetes, and echinoderms. ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᐃᖃᓗᖏᑦ, ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥᐅᑦ ᐆᒐᑦ (Arctogadus glacialis), ᐊᑦᓛᓐᑎᒃ ᖃᓕᕋᓖᑦ (Hippoglossus hippoglossus), ᐃᑎᔪᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᐊᐅᐸᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ (Sebastes mentella), ᐅᔾᔪᓐᓇᐃᑦ (Liparis fabricii), ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑐᔭᑦ ᓇᑖᕐᓇᐃᑦ (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), ᖃᑯᕐᑕᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᑦ (Coryphaenoides rupestris), ᐆᒐᑦ (Boreogadus saida), ᓇᑖᕐᓇᑦ, ᑲᓇᔪᑦ, ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ (Jørgensen et al. 2005, Jørgensen et al. 2011).

ᖃᑦᓯᑲᓪᓚᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᕈᔪᓐᓂᑦ (zooplankton) ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᕈᔪᑦ, ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᖅ ᑭᖑᕋᓛᕈᓗᐃᑦ, ᐊᕐᕕᓄᑦ Finley 1987, Finley et al. 1994, Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003). ᑭᖑᕋᓛᑦ (Calanus) ᐊᒥᓲᓛᖑᔪᑦ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᕈᔪᓐᓂ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᓂ ᒪᑯᓂᖓ Calanus hyperboreus, Calanus glacialis, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ Metridia longa ᐱᑕᖃᕐᓂᖅᐹᖑᓪᓗᑎᑦ (Finley 1987, Finley et al. 1994, Finley 1998, Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003). ᖁᐱᕐᕈᑦ (amphipods) ᐱᑕᖃᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᑲᓪᓛᓘᓪᓗᑎᑦ, ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᑦ Parathemisto libellula. ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᖓᓂᕐᒥᐅᑦ Pteropods, larvaceans, chaetognaths (ᖁᐱᕐᕈᑯᑖᕈᓗᐃᑦ), ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ctenophores (ᐃᑏᑦ) ᐱᑕᖃᓪᓛᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᖓᓂ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒥᓱᕐᔪᐊᕌᓗᐃᑦ ᑭᖑᖅᐸᑦ (Mysis oculata) ᓯᓈᖓᒍᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ (Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003).

3.2.4 ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ

ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓪᓗ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓛᖑᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐋᒋᓯ ᕿᑎᐊᓂᑦ ᐅᒃᑑᕝᕙ ᐱᒋᐊᓐᖓᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᑕ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖅᐸᓯᐊᑕ ᓯᓈᖓᒍᑦ (McLaren 1982, Mallory and Fontaine 2004). ᐊᒥᓱᕐᔪᐊᕌᓘᕙᑦᑐᑦ (5,000 to 8,000) ᐊᒪᐅᓕᔾᔪᐊᑦ (Somateria spectabilis) ᑲᑎᑉᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒥ ᖁᓂᕈᐃᔭᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒨᒪᔪᕐᑐᖅᑐᓪᓗ, ᐊᒡᒋᐊᕐᔪᑦ (Clangula hyemalis) ᐊᒥᓱᕐᔪᐊᕌᓘᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᑲᑎᑉᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓯᑉᑎᒻᒪᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᓯᓈᖓᒍᑦ, ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᖅ ᑰᒃᑕᓐᓇᒥ (ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ, ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ). ᖃᖅᓴᐅᑦ (Gavia stellata) ᐃᕙᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᒪᖅᓱᓕᒻᒥ ᑰᒃᑕᓐᓈᖅ ᒪᓂᕋᐅᓂᖓᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᓂᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᖃᖅᓴᐅᕌᕋᖏᓄᑦ (ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ, ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ). ᓯᑉᑎᒻᒪᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᒥᓱᐋᓗᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᐸᓕᐊᕐᔪᑦ (Alle alle) ᐅᑎᖅᑕᕐᕕᒻᒥᓄᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᓵᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᒍᑦ, ᓂᕿᖃᕐᑐᑎᑦ (Calanus) ᑭᖑᕋᓛᓂᑦ (ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ, ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ). ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑏᑦ ᐅᖃᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒃᐸᓕᐊᕐᔪᑦ ᐃᕙᕕᖃᕐᑐᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒥ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᓱᓕ (Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003). ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒃᐸᓕᐊᕐᔪᑦ ᐃᕙᕕᖏᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ ᐊᕐᕚᖅᑑᑉ, ᓂᒋᑦᓯᐊᖓᓂ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ (Finley and Evans 1984). ᖃᖁᓪᓗᐃᑦ (Fulmarus glacialis) ᐅᓄᕐᑐᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᓕᖃᑦᑕᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᓪᓚᕆᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐅᐱᓐᓇᕋᓂ ᓂᕿᖃᕐᖓᑕ ᖁᐃᑦᑎᓇᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᓇᖏᓂᑦ (Finley 1987, Finley 1998). ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔪᑦ, ᑲᖑᑦ (Chen caerulescens) ᐱᑕᖃᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᖓᓂ, ᓄᕗᑦᑎᐊᐱᐅᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖅᐸᓯᐊᓂ, ᒪᐃᒥ ᔫᓂᒥᓗ (Government of Nunavut 2014). ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑯᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐱᑦᑎᐅᓛᑦ (Cepphus grylle), ᓂᕐᓖᑦ (Branta canadensis), ᕿᖓᓛᓖᑦ (Somateria mollissima), ᓇᐅᔭᕕᔾᔪᐊᑦ (Larus hyperboreus), ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑑᓪᓕᕐᔪᐊᑦ (Gavia immer) (Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003). ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ/ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒦᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᕙᓗᐊᓂᓗ ᒪᑯᐊ: ᐃᒥᖅᑯᑕᐃᓚᐃᑦ (Sterna paradisaea), ᖁᓪᓕᖁᓕᐊᑦ (Charadrius hiaticula), ᓇᐅᔭᕕᑦ (Larus glaucoides), ᓇᐅᔭᕚᑦ (Pagophila eburnea), ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒃᐸᐃᑦ (Uria lomvia) (Sale 2006, McKinnon et al. 2009, Gaston 2011, Government of Nunavut 2014, Richards and Gaston 2018).

ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᐅᓗᐊᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ. ᑭᒡᒐᕕᐊᕐᔪᑦ, tundrius ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᑦ (Falco peregrinus ssp. tundrius), ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᕙᖃᑦᑕᕆᐊᖏᑦ ᐃᓐᓈᕉᓂᖓᓂ ᐃᔨᓪᓕᕐᑑᑉ ᐹᖓᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᕗᑦᑎᐊᐱᒃᒥ (ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 9) (Government of the Northwest Territories 1993). ᐃᓐᓈᕈᕐᒥ ᐃᕙᕕᖏᑦ ᑭᒡᒐᕕᐊᕐᔪᑦ ᑭᒡᒐᕖᓪᓗ (Falco rusticolus) ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᓕᒻᒥ 150 km ᑭᓚᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᓯᓈᖓᓂᑦ, ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ ᐹᓐᔅ ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᖓᓄᑦ (Government of the Northwest Territories 1993). ᑭᒡᒐᕖᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᓵᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓯᑉᑎᒻᒪᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᒃᑑᕝᕙᒥᓗ (Government of the Northwest Territories 1993). ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᕙᕕᖏᑦ ᖃᐃᓐᖔᑦ (Anthus rubescens), ᑐᓗᒐᑦ (Corvus corax), ᐅᑉᐱᔾᔪᐊᑦ (Bubo scandiacus), ᖃᐅᕈᓪᓕᒑᕐᔪᒃ (Eremophila alpestris), ᕿᓂᖅᑖᑦ (Calcarius lapponicus), ᖁᐸᓄᐊᕐᔪᒃ (Oenanthe oenanthe), ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕿᒡᒌᑦ (Lagopus muta) (Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003, Sale 2006, Government of Nunavut 2014, Richards and Gaston 2018). ᑕᑯᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᐃᒍᖓ A ᑎᑎᕋᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑯᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ.

3.2.5 ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᓱᑦᑏᑦ

ᐊᒥᓱᐊᕐᑎᓗᐊᕋᑎᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᓱᑦᑎᓂᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᒫᖓᓂᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ. ᑐᑦᑐᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᖕᒥ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᕐᐸᓯᐊᑕ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᓃᑦᑐᑦ (Government of Nunavut 2005) ᓄᓇᖓᓂ ᓂᒋᐊᓂᓗ ᐃᔨᓪᓕᕐᑑᑉ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᒃᐱᐊᑦ ᑰᖓᑕ ᓴᓂᕌᒍᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᐱᑕᖃᕋᔪᐃᑦᑐᖅ, ᐱᑕᖃᖅᐸᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅ, ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ (Jenkins and Goorts 2013). ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᑎᕆᒐᓂᐊᖏᑦ, ᐅᑲᓖᑦ (Lepus Arcticus), ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐆᒪᐃᓐ (Mustela erminea) ᑕᑯᔭᐅᒐᔪᑦᑐᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᐊᒪᕈᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᒐᔪᐃᑦᑐᑦ. ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ, ᐊᕕᓐᖓᓕᐊᓘᕙᑦᑐᖅ (Lemmus sibiricus).

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᐸᑦᑕᖏᓂᓪᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑐᐃᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥ ᑎᑎᕋᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᕝᕕᓂᑦ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᓱᑯᑦᓯᐊᓃᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᑐᒍ 1923ᒥᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ 1974ᒧᑦ (Milton Freeman Research 1976). ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑐᑦᑐᑦ ᑲᖏᕙᖅᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᒪᓂᕋᐅᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᕝᕚᖅᑑᑉ (ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᓂᒋᐊᓂ) ᐹᓐᔅ ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᐊᓗᐊᓄᑦ (ᐅᐊᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᓄᑦ), ᓇᓂᔭᐅᒐᔪᑦᑐᑦ ᓇᖅᓴᐅᓂᖏᓂ ᓄᕗᑦᑎᖏᑕ.

ᕼᐊᑦᓴᓐ ᐸᐃᒃᑯᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᑎᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᑖᕐᖓᑕ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥ 1923ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑎᕆᒐᓂᐊᑦ ᐊᒥᖏᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᒪᓂᕐᐹᖑᓕᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ; ᑎᕆᒐᓂᐊᕐᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᕼᐊᐃᓇᓕ ᑲᐃᑐᕐ ᓄᕗᑦᑎᐊᓗᐊ ᑎᕆᒐᓂᐊᓄᑦ ᑎᓯᖃᕐᕕᐅᒋᐊᖓ (Milton Freeman Research 1976).

3.3 ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ

ᒪᕐᕈᐃᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ (ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑦ 3) ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓃᓲᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᐅᓕᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᑎᓕᕕᖓᑕ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᓂ ᐊᑎᓖᑦ (ᓵᕋ SARA): ᓇᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ (anatum/tundrius) ᑭᒡᒐᕕᐊᕐᔪᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ (ᑕᒪᒃᑮᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ 1). ᓇᐅᔭᑦ (Rhodostethia rosea) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᐅᔭᕚᑦ (Pagophila eburnean) ᐱᑕᖃᐅᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ; ᐊᑎᖃᖃᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᕕᒻᒥ, ᑕᐃᒫᖕ ᑭᖑᓕᕇᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ, ᐊᑦᑕᖅᑯᓲᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ (ᐃᓚᖓᓂ 1) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᖑᓐᓂᐊᕋᓱᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ (ᐃᓚᖓᓂ 1) ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᓴᓪᓕᓗᐊᖁᓇᒋᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᓂ. ᓯᒡᔭᕆᐊᕐᐸᑦ (Caldris canutus islandica) ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓃᑉᐸᑦᑐᑦ, ᐊᑎᔭᐅᓯᒪᒋᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᖑᓐᓂᐊᕋᓱᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᓴᓪᓕᓗᐊᖁᓇᒋᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓ. ᐱᖓᓲᔪᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᐅᔾᔨᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᒻᒥᔪᑦ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓖᑦ, ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑳᓯᕕᒃᑯᓄᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᓇᕐᑐᒦᒋᐊᖏᑦ: ᐊᕐᕖᑦ, ᕿᓚᓗᒐᑦ ᖃᑯᕐᑕᑦ, ᕿᕐᓂᖅᑕᑦ ᑐᒑᓖᑦ, ᐊᐃᕖᑦ, ᓇᑦᓯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᕐᕖᑦ (Gulo gulo). ᑐᑦᑐᑦ ᒪᓂᕋᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᖅᑯᓲᑕᐅᒋᐊᖏᑦ ᑳᓯᕕᒃᑯᓄᑦ.

ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑦ 3: ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ

3.4 ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐋᓪᓚᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓂᑦ ᓇᑦᓴᕐᑕᐅᓂᑯᑦ

ᒫᓐᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᓗᕆᐊᓇᕐᑐᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐋᓪᓚᓂᑦ ᓇᑦᓴᕐᑕᐅᓂᑯᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓄᑦ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᐅᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ, ᓄᑖᒥᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᓯᐅᕐᑐᖃᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓕᕐᐸᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓄᑦ ᒪᑐᐃᖓᓕᕐᓗᓂ ᐳᓚᕋᑎᓄᑦ, ᐅᔭᕋᓐᓂᐊᕐᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓄᓪᓗ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕋᓱᑦᑎᓄᑦ (Lackenbauer and Lajeunesse 2014, Pizzolato et al. 2016, Dawson et al. 2017). ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᓯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᖓᑕ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᕈᔪᓐᓂᑦ ᑕᑯᑦᓴᐅᖏᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᕐᔪᐊᓂᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᖅᑯᑏᑦ ᐃᒪᖓᒍᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᑦᑕᖁᑏᑦ ᑯᕕᑎᑕᐅᔭᕋᐃᑉᐸᑕ ᓇᑦᓴᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᖓᑕ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᓂᑦ ᐋᓪᓚᓂᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᖓ ᓱᓐᓂᕐᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᒧᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᓄᑦ ᐅᓗᕆᐊᓇᕐᑐᒦᓕᕋᔭᕐᑐᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓃᑦᑐᑦ (Buck 2012, Chan et al. 2012, Ware et al. 2016). ᐆᓇᔪᓐᓂᖓ ᓈᒻᒪᑐᐊᖅᐸᑦ, ᐋᓪᓚᑦ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᕈᔪᐃᑦ ᐆᒻᒪᖅᐹᓗᓕᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᐅᑦᓯᐊᖏᑦᑐᒥ ᓇᔪᒐᖃᕈᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᕆᔭᐅᓂᐅᓴᓐᖏᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓄᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᓃᖅᓯᑲᐅᖅᑐᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᑕᒫᓂᕐᒥᐅᑕᑦᓴᔭᓂᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᖏᓂᑦ ᐊᖅᓵᖅᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ (Carlton 1996, Stachowicz et al. 1999). ᓯᓚ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᐸᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓃᓐᖔᕐᑐᑦ ᐋᓪᓚᑦ ᖁᐱᕐᕈᕈᔪᐃᑦ ᐊᑦᓱᐊᓗᖕ ᐆᒻᒪᐅᓕᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ (Drinkwater 2005, Chan et al. 2013).

4 ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓴᖅᓯᐅᕈᑕᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ

ᐅᖓᓯᑦᑐᒦᓐᓂᖓ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ, ᐃᓄᑦᑕᖃᐅᓗᐊᕐᐸᖏᑦᑐᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᓂᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᕝᕕᐅᖏᒧᑦ ᐊᕙᓗᐊ ᒫᓐᓇ ᐊᑦᑕᖅᑯᓲᑕᐅᓗᐊᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᕙᑎᐊ ᐆᒪᔪᓪᓗ ᓇᔪᒐᖓ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒃᑲᓗᐊᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᖃᑦᓯᑲᓪᓚᐃᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᕗᑦ ᐅᐸᓗᖓᐃᕐᓯᒪᕙᒌᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑦᓱᕈᕐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᖃᓄᖅᑑᑲᐅᕐᑐᕈᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᓴᖅᑭᕋᐃᑉᐸᑕ.

4.1 ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᖅ

ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᕗᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒥᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐋᖅᑮᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕆᕙᑦᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑎᒍᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᓂᑦ. ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᒻᒪᕆᐅᕗᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖁᔭᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᓕᕐᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ. ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓ, ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᓂᑦ ᐅᑯᐊ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᓪᓗᒋᑦ: ᓱᓐᓂᕐᑕᐅᖁᓇᒍ ᐊᕙᑎᕗᑦ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᓕᒫᓪᓗ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖄᓗᐊ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ; ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᑦ; ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᑦᓯᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᑑᑎᓕᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᐃᑦ, ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᖁᐃᓂᑦᓯᐊᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᑦᓴᒧᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᒧᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᓂᕝᕕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ; ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᑎᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᓄᖅᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᓴᓪᓕᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖓᓗ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒍᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᓂᑦ ᒪᓐᓂᑕᕆᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒫᖅ, ᐃᓄᒻᒪᕆᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖏᓂᑦ, 1994 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑏᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᕋᓛᖏᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖏᓂ.

ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᖏᑦ, ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕕᑦᑐᕐᓯᒪᓂᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᒍᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᖃᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᓐᓂᖕᒧᑦ. ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖓᓂ 2015, ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᖏᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓯᒋᐊᕆᓚᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᕐᑯᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᒍᓐᓇᕐᓯᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑐᖔᓃᓪᓚᕆᑦᑐᑦ ᓈᓴᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᖑᓂᑦᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ−ᐱᖓᓐᓇᓂ ᑲᓛᖠᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓰᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ (DFO 2015a). ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᖏᑦ ᑐᓂᐅᖅᑲᐃᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᒐᓱᓐᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᓂᕕᖓᑖᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᓄᑦ ᐊᒡᒍᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ (ᕿᑎᕐᒥᐅᑦ, ᑭᕙᓪᓕᕐᒥᐅᑦ, ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒻᒥᐅᓪᓗ) ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒡᒍᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᓱᐃᔨᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓇᓪᓕᐊᑦ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᓂᕕᖓᑖᕐᑖᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ. ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᒫᓐᓇ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᖅᑐᒦᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᒋᔭᐅᙱᒻᒪᑕ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᒪᓕᒐᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᕕᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᖑᓂᑦᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑑᑎᓂᖏᑦ ᑕᒪᑐᒧᖓ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖃᑦᑕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᖏᓐᓇᖃᑦᑕᕆᐊᓕᒃ.

4.2 ᐳᓚᕋᑦᑐᓕᕆᓂᖅ

ᐳᓚᕋᑦᑐᓕᕆᓂᖅ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᕐᐸᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓄᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑎᑦᓴᑲᓂᒐᓛᖑᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᓱᐊᑎᑕᐅᒐᔭᕐᑐᖅ (Nickels 1992). ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᑦᑎᓂ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕈᔾᔨᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ ᐳᓚᕋᑦᑐᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᓪᓗ ᐃᓪᓗᓕᐅᕐᑐᖃᕐᐸᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᒃᑐᐃᓂᖃᓗᐊᔾᔮᖏᒋᐊᖓ ᓄᓇᖓᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓃᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᐳᓚᕋᑎᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᑐᕋᔭᓐᖑᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᖁᑎᖏᓂᑦ ᖃᑦᓰᓐᓇᐅᒐᔭᕐᐸᓪᓚᐃᔪᑦ. ᑭᓯᓂᐊᓕ, ᐳᓚᕋᑦᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕋᓛᖑᓂᕐᓴᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᐸᕝᕕᓵᖃᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᓴᖅᐱᓕᓐᓂᑦ (Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003, Jansen et al. 2010, Bone 2018, Carter et al. 2017). ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐅᒥᐊᑦ ᐳᔪᕐᓗᒧᑦ ᓱᕈᕐᑎᕆᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᖓᑕ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓃᑦᑐᓂᑦ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐸᕝᕕᓵᖃᒻᒪᕆᓕᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᓴᖅᐱᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᓗ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓂᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᖏᓂᑦ. ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᖁᔨᒐᔭᕐᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᑕᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑎᒍᑦ ᓴᖅᐱᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᑲᔾᔭᐅᓴᒋᐊᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖏᓐᓂᒃ/ᒪᓕᒐᔅᓴᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐳᓚᕋᑦᑐᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎᓂᑦ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᕐᓯᒪᓂᖏᓂ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ. ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᓱᐃᑲᓂᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᒋᐊᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑎᓄᑦ, ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᔅᓴᐃᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑦᑐᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥ ᐊᑑᑎᓂᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕈᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᓱᓕᒃᑲᓂᖅ, ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᒋᐊᖃᕐᓂᖏᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᐃᓪᓗ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ ᑐᓪᓕᕋᕐᑕᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓖᑦ, ᓱᕋᑦᑎᕆᔪᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ, ᑎᓪᓕᒍᒪᔪᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᖏᓐᓇᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑏᑦ ᑎᑭᓯᒪᓂᖏᓂ.

4.3 ᓂᐱᓖᑦ

ᓂᐱᖃᓪᓗᐊᑕᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ, ᒥᑭᑦᑑᑕᐅᓂᕐᓴᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᑦ, ᖃᖓᑕᓲᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᓂᑦ ᕿᓂᕐᑐᑦ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᓂᐅᖅᑐᖅᑐᓄᑦ, ᖃᕋᕐᑎᕆᔾᔪᑎᓄᑦ ᕿᓂᕐᑐᑦ, ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥ ᓴᓇᔪᓄᑦ) (Richardson and Malme 1993). ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᓂᐱᓕᒻᒥᑦ ᕿᒪᕉᑎᒐᔪᑉᐸᑦᑐᑦ (Richardson et al. 1985, Richardson et al. 1987), ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᑉᐸᖏᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᑐᓂ, ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒥᓗ ᖃᖓᐅᑉᐸᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕐᕕᖓ (Richardson and Malme 1993, Moshenko et al. 2003). ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᒥᑦᑎᒪᑕᓕᖕᒥᐅᓪᓗ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᓐᓂᖃᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᐳᓚᕋᑏᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᕈᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᐸᑕ, ᐃᓚᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᖏᔫᑕᐅᓂᕐᓴᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒃᑐᐃᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᑎᑭᑉᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᓄᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓂᓪᓗ (Marshall Macklin Monaghan Ltd. 1982, Nickels 1992, Stewart et al. 2011, Stewart et al. 2013). ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒐᔪᒻᒪᑕ, ᓴᖅᐱᓖᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐸᕝᕕᔫᔮᕐᐸᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᓵᕐᑐᓂᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᖃᓂᓪᓕᓗᐊᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ, ᓴᖅᐱᓖᑦ ᐃᒃᑲᓐᓂᕐᓴᒨᕋᔪᑦᑐᑦ. ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᐊᑕ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᖓᑕ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑎᑦᓴᓂᐅᕐᑐᑦ, ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒋᐊᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᖏᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᐸᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᑯᖃᓐᖏᓂᕐᓴᐅᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ (Paxian et al. 2010, Pizzolato et al. 2016, Dawson et al. 2018).

4.4 ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐊᐴᑎᓂᖏᑦ

ᐊᕐᕕᑦ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑑᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᒻᒪᑕ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓄᑦ ᐊᐳᖅᑕᐅᔭᓐᓂᕐᓴᐅᕗᑦ, ᑕᐃᒫᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᓴᖅᐱᓖᑦ ᐊᐳᖅᑕᐅᓲᖑᒻᒪᑕ (Kraus 1990). ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᕐᐸᑕ, ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕈᓐᓇᕐᖓᑕ. ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᕿᒪᕉᑎᓲᖑᒐᓗᐊᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓂᐱᓕᒻᒥᑦ, ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᓱᖏᐅᑎᔪᓐᓇᕐᖓᑕ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᓂᐱᖏᓂᑦ, ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᐳᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ (George et al. 1994), ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᖅ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᓪᓚᕆᓕᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒥ. ᒫᓐᓇ, ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᒥᓲᙱᑦᑎᐊᖅᑑᒐᓗᐊᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᐊᑑᑎᓂᕆᒐᔭᖅᑕᖏᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐊᐴᑎᓐᓂᖅᑲᑕ ᓴᕐᐱᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᐅᑦᓯᑐᖅᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖃᖃᑦᑕᓂᕐᓴᐅᓕᖅᑲᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᔅᓴᑎᓐᓂ.

4.5 ᐳᔪᕐᓗᒥᑦ ᓱᕈᕐᓇᕐᑐᑦ

ᐊᑑᑎᒍᓐᓇᓪᓚᕆᓐᓂᖓ ᐳᔪᕐᓗᒥᑦ ᓱᕈᕐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᑦᓯᐊᖓᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓃᓐᖔᐸᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᖅᑯᓵᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᖃᓂᓪᓕᖓᐃᒻᒪᑕ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓂᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑎᓂᑦ ᐃᒪᖓᓄᐊᕐᐸᑕ ᑲᔾᔭᐅᓴᒋᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᑦ. ᑯᕕᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ ᑭᓈᓗᒻᒥᑦ ᖁᕐᕕᒻᒥᑦ, ᐃᒪᑐᖃᕐᒥᑦ, ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᒥᓂᕐᒥᓪᓗ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᖓᑕ ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓃᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓄᓪᓗ (COSEWIC 2009, Beyer et al. 2016, Blanken et al. 2017, Bone 2018, Nevalainen et al. 2018, Vergeynst et al. 2018). ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔪᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓂᑦ 400 ᑕᓐᔅᓂᑦ ᑯᕕᑎᑦᓯᑕᐃᓕᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᑭᓈᓗᒻᒥᑦ ᓴᓗᒻᒪᕐᓴᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᖃᓂᓪᓕᑦᑕᐃᓕᒋᐊᓖᑦ 3 nm ᒦᑕᑦ ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᓯᓈᖓᓂᑦ; ᓄᓇᒥᑦ; ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᕐᓴᐅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᖃᓂᓪᓕᑦᑕᐃᓕᒋᐊᓖᑦ 12 nm ᒦᑕᑦ ᓄᓇᔪᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᖁᒪᐃᓐᓂᖃᕐᐸᑕ ᐅᖓᑖᓂ 400 ᑕᓐᔅ.

ᓄᓇᖃᐅᓐᖏᓂᖓᓕ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓ/ᐅᐊᓐᓇᖓ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᑭᕋᓴᖓᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑭᑐᔪᐊᓘᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒐᓱᓐᓂᖅ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔾᔪᑎᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᑭᖏᑦ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᒃᓯᐅᕐᑐᖃᓗᐊᔾᔮᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᒑᓯᒥᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᒫᓐᓇᒫᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᑦᑎᓂ (Harsem et al. 2015), ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᒃᓯᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᒑᓯᓯᐅᕐᑐᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᓄᓇᖓ ᐃᒪᖓᓗ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓂᕐᓴᐅᓕᕐᐸᑦ, ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᖕᒥᑦ ᑯᕕᔪᖃᑳᓪᓚᓐᓂᖅ ᓂᕆᐅᓇᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᓐᓂᕋᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᒍᑦ. ᐅᓄᖅᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᐸᑕ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᒃᓯᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᒑᓯᒥᓪᓗ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᕐᓴᑦ ᓴᓂᖅᑯᖃᑦᑕᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓕᕐᐸᑦ ᓂᕆᐅᓇᕐᓂᕐᓴᐅᓕᕐᓗᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᖕᒥᑦ ᑯᕕᔪᖃᕐᓂᐊᖏᒃᑲᓗᐊᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓄᑦ. ᖃᓂᓐᓂᖅᐹᕐᓕ ᕿᓂᕈᒪᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓚᐃᓴᑖᕐᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᓂ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᕐᐸᓯᐊᑕ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᓂ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᑕ ᐹᑦᓯᐊᖓᓂ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ 500 km ᑭᓚᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᒧᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂᑦ. ᐊᑐᕐᓂᖓᓕ ᑐᕙᐅᑉ, ᐃᖅᑲᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᑎᓂᖓ, ᐃᒪᐅᑉ ᓂᓪᓕᓇᕐᓂᖓ, ᐱᖅᓱ ᐊᓄᕆᑉᐸᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᐊᓗᐊᒍᑦ ᓇᑦᓴᕐᑐᒥᓂᐅᑉᐸᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᖕᒥᑦ ᑯᕕᔪᒥᓂᕐᒦᓐᖔᕐᑐᒥᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓐᖏᑦᓯᐊᕐᖓᑦ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᐱᕐᕈᓗᐊᕿᔪᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᑦ; ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ, ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᖕᒧᑦ ᐅᓗᕆᐊᓇᕐᑎᒋᒻᒪᖔᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᒃᓯᐅᕐᑐᖃᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᓱᓕ. ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᑦ, ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᔅᓴᓂᑦ ᐱᒃᑲᓐᓂᕆᐊᖃᕐᖓᑕ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᓇᕐᓯᓚᐅᙱᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᓱᕈᕐᓇᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᓐᓂᐊᓂᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᒑᓯᔅᓴᓯᐅᕐᓂᒥᓪᓗ ᑐᑭᓯᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓯᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒍ ᓱᓕ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒻᒧᑦ; ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᐱᔭᕇᕈᑎᖏᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑦ ᑐᑭᒧᐊᒍᑎᔅᓴᓂᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᑭᕋᓴᖓᓂ ᑐᑭᓯᑎᑦᑎᒋᐊᒃᑲᓂᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᔅᓴᓂᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᓇᕐᓂᖓ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ ᒑᓯᔅᓴᒥᓪᓗ ᐲᔭᐃᓂᖅ ᑕᒫᓂ ᐊᕙᑖᓂ (ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ 2019).

4.6 ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᓴᒧᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᓕᕆᓂᖅ

ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᓴᒧᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᓐᓂᖅ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᓪᓗᓂ ᒪᑭᒪᓇᓱᐊᕈᑕᐅᒻᒪᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᑕ ᓯᓚᑕᓂ ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᓂᕆᐅᓇᕐᑐᖅ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖓ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐃᒪᖓᓂ ᓯᓚᕗᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᐸᑦ (Church 2011). ᖃᓕᕋᓖᑦ, ᓇᑖᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑐᓂᑦ, ᑭᖑᖅᐸᑦ ᐊᖏᓂᕐᓴᑦ (Pandalus borealis), ᑭᖑᖅᐸᑦ ᒥᑭᓐᓂᕐᓴᑦ (Pandalus montagui) ᖃᑦᓰᓐᓇᐅᓂᕐᓴᓪᓗ ᐃᖃᓗᑉᐲᑦ ᐃᖃᓪᓕᐊᕐᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᓴᒧᑦ ᓴᓐᓂᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᓂ, ᓯᔾᔭᕐᐸᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᑭᕐᒥ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᐃᒪᕕᐊᓂ (Church 2011, Government of Nunavut 2016, Bone 2018, ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ 2020), ᖃᓕᕋᓖᓪᓕ ᑭᖑᖅᐸᐃᓪᓗ ᐱᔭᐅᓇᓱᐊᓪᓚᕆᑉᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑯᑦᑭᑦᑐᑦ ᒥᑦᓵᓂ (Jørgensen and Arboe 2013). ᑐᕙᐅᑉ ᓯᓈᖓ ᖃᓂᓪᓕᕙᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓯᑯᓇᓵᕐᐸᓐᓂᖓᓗ ᓯᑯᐃᕐᓵᓕᕙᓐᓂᖓᓗ, ᓄᑕᐅᓂᕐᓴᑦ ᒫᓐᓇᓗ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᑦᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᐅᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᒥᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᒥ. ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᓴᒧᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᑦᑏᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔩᑦᓯᐊᖃᑦᑕᕐᑐᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐃᖅᑲᖓᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᒫᖓᓂᑦ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᑲᓕᒐᕐᓄᑦ ᖃᓕᕋᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ), ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑉᐸᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖓ ᓴᖅᐱᓖᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕐᕕᑐᐊᖓ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᑐᒦᓕᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ. ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᓄᖅᑲᑎᑦᓯᓯᒪᓕᕐᑐᑦ ᑲᓕᒐᕐᓄᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᓐᓂᖕᒥᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᐅᔪᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᕐᓂᕐᐸᑕ ᐅᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᖅᐱᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑉᐱᒋᔭᐅᓕᕐᐸᑕ ᐱᐅᓯᖏᓂᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᐃᓂᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᖓᑦ. ᓱᓕᒃᑲᓂᖅ, ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᑉᐸᑕ ᒪᑦᑎᑦᑕᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᑦᑏᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᕐᓴᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓯᒪᔪᓐᓇᕐᖓᑕ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᓄᓗᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᑎᓄᔾᔨᕕᒻᒥ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖓᓂ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᓗ, ᓱᕋᑦᑎᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᓄᓗᐊᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᒐᕕᐅᑎᓪᓗᑎᑦ (Nunavut Wildlife Management Board 2000). ᒫᓐᓇᓕ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑏᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖃᕐᑐᑦ ᑐᖁᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᓄᓗᐊᖅᑎᓯᒪᔪᒧᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᖅᑯᓲᑕᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ−ᐊᑯᑦᑎᑐᑦ ᐱᓇᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦ; ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᐅᑎᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓱᕐᕋᐃᑎᒋᒻᒪᖔᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᕐᑐᖅ. ᓯᕗᓂᑦᑎᓂ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᓴᒧᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᑦᑏᑦ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᕐᐸᑕ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ, ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᓂᒐᕕᐅᑎᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᓗᐊᓄᑦ.

4.7 ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ

ᓇᔪᒐᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᑐᕙᐅᑉ ᓯᓈᖓ ᖃᓂᓐᓂᖓ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ (IPCC 2014). ᐊᓐᓇᐃᒐᔭᕐᑐᑦᓴᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᓯᑯᒥ ᓇᔪᒐᖃᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ., ᐊᖃᔭᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᖑᕋᓛᑦ), ᐱᕈᓴᕋᐃᑦᑐᐹᓘᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᕿᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓴᖅᐱᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓄᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᓄᑦ (Finley 2001, Lairdre et al. 2008). ᐃᓚᒃᑲᓂᕐᓗᒍ, ᓱᑯᐃᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᐸᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓕᕐᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᑦ ᓂᕿᖃᕐᐸᑦᑐᑦ, (Moshenko et al. 2003, Higdon et al. 2011, IPCC 2014). ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᑕᒫᓐᖓᔭᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓕᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᓪᓗ ᑕᐅᒪᓐᖓᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᑕᒪᐅᖓ ᓅᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓲᖑᒻᒪᑕ ᓯᓚ ᐅᖅᑰᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ (Chan et al. 2012). ᐊᖏᓂᕐᓴᒻᒪᕆᓪᓕ, ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᑐᐊᓘᑉᐸᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᒫᖓᑕ ᐱᐅᓯᖓ ᐆᒪᕕᐅᔪᓪᓗ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕐᑎᓄᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑦᓱᐊᓗᖕ ᓱᓐᓂᕈᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ ᐊᕐᕕᓄᑦ -Calanus ᑲᑎᕝᕕᐅᕙᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᕐᒥ. Laidre et al. (2008) ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᒥᓂ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᓚᐅᕐᑐᖅ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐃᑉᐱᒍᓱᓐᓂᕐᐹᖑᒻᒪᑕᒎᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᖅᑳᓲᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐅᖅᑰᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓂᑦ ᐳᐃᔨᐅᖃᑎᖏᓂᑦ ᓲᕐᓗ ᕿᓚᓗᒐᕐᓂᑦ ᖃᑯᕐᑕᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᑦᓯᓂᑦ. ᓱᓕᒃᑲᓂᖅ, ᑐᕙᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐃᑉᐱᒋᔭᐅᑦᓴᐅᑎᒋᒻᒪᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᕙᑦᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓄᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᑦᓯᓯᐅᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓇᓐᓂᐊᕐᓯᒪᑎᓪᓗᒋᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ (Gearheard et al. 2006).

ᓯᑯᑦᑕᖅᑐᑐᖄᓗᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖅ ᓯᑯᓐᖏᓂᕐᓴᐅᕙᓕᕐᐸᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᑦᑎᓂ ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᒪᑐᐃᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᖓᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᓱᓪᓗᐊᓗᐊ ᐅᐊᓚᓂᕐᒧᐊᖓᔪᖅ ᐅᓄᕐᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᓕᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᖅᑐᑦ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᐳᔪᕐᓗᒧᑦ ᓱᕈᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓗᓂ, ᓂᐱᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐸᕝᕕᓵᕆᔪᑦ, ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᐊᑦ, ᐊᐳᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᖑᓂᖔᖓᒍᑦ ᐃᑉᐱᓐᓂᕈᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᒥᑦᑎᒪᑕᓕᒻᒥᐅᓄᓪᓗ (COSEWIC 2009, Paxian et al. 2010, Stewart et al. 2013, Pizzolato et al. 2016).

5 ᑐᕌᒐᑦᓴᑦ ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᓪᓗ

5.1 ᑕᑯᓐᓇᓐᖑᐊᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ

ᓯᕕᑐᔪᒧᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᐅᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᕐᕕᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓄᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᓄᑦ, ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᖅᑕᐅᓗᓂ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥ ᓄᓇᒥᓗ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᒋᒻᒪᒋᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓗᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᒥᒍᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓯᒪᕕᒋᕙᑦᑕᖓ. ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᑐᖅᑲᑕᕐᕕᐅᓂᐊᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕆᐊᕐᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓂ ᓇᔪᕐᑕᖓ, ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᐊ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒻᒪᑐᖄᓗᓐᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑕᓂᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᒥᒍᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑎᓄᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᓴᒧᑦ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᕐᑐᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᖓᑕ ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᔾᔪᑎᑦᓴᓄᑦ ᒪᑭᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᑎᑦᓯᓂᖕᒧᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕙᑎᑦᑎᓂᑦ ᑲᔾᔭᐅᓴᒋᐊᕐᑐᓄᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑦᑐᓕᕆᕙᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᕕᑦᓴᕐᑖᓂᑦ.

5.2 ᑐᕌᒐᑦᓴᑦ ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᓪᓗ

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᒍᓰᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᓪᓗ ᓴᖅᑮᓇᓱᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᑐᕌᒐᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐃᑉᐱᒍᓱᑦᑎᐊᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖃᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ 2.1 ᐊᖏᕈᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᑐᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᓂ.

ᓱᓕᒃᑲᓂᖅ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᓐᖑᐊᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑐᑭᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᓇᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᑎᑦᓴᑦ ᑐᕌᒐᖏᓂ ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᓂᓗ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓄᑦ:

ᑐᕌᒐᖅ 1: ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓄ ᐱᖁᔭᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥ ᓄᓇᒥᓗ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕕᖏᑦ, ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᑐᖃᕐᓂᕐᐸᑦ.

ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᑦ 1.1: ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᑎᓕᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᑖᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑐᕌᒐᓂᑦ ᐱᔭᕇᔭᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᓂᓪᓗ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ.

ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᑦ 1.2: ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ, ᐅᐊᑦᑎᖃᕐᓗᑎᑦ, ᓇᐃᑦᓯᕐᑐᖅᑎᖃᕐᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕈᒪᔪᑦ.

ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᑦ 1.3: ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᖁᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᑎᑕᐅᕙᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᑐᒦᖁᓇᒋᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ, ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᑦ; ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᖃᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᑕᒪᑐᒧᖓ ᑐᕌᖓᔪᓂᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎᓕᕆᔨᓂᑦ, ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᓪᓗᒋ.

ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᑦ 1.4: ᓇᐅᑦᓯᕐᑐᖅᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᓪᓗ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᒫᖓ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᒋᐊᓐᖓᕐᓗᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔾᔪᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᐅᑦᓯᕐᑐᖅᑕᐅᖏᓐᓇᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕆᐊᖃᓕᕋᐃᑉᐸᑕ.

ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᑦ 1.5: ᐱᓕᕆᔪᓐᓇᕐᓯᑎᑦᑎᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᖅᑎᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᕙᑎᖓᑕ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᐅᔪᓂᓪᓗ.

ᑐᕌᒐᖅ 2: ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᐃᒻᒪᓂᓴᑐᖃᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓃᑦᑐᑦ, ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᓴᒧᑦ ᕿᓚᓗᒃᑭᐊᕐᓂᖅ.

ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᑦ 2.1: ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᑎᑦᓴᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᕙᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓇᐅᑦᓯᕐᑐᖅᑕᐅᓗᓂᓗ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕐᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓂᑦ.

ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᑦ 2.2: ᐱᓕᕆᔪᓐᓇᕐᓯᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᓗᑎᒃ ᓯᕗᓕᖅᑎᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᓂᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᐃᑦ.

ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᑦ 2.3: ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᒻᒪᓂᓴᑐᖃᓪᓗ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔫᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓖᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᑐᖃᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ.

ᑐᕌᒐᖅ 3: ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᑎᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ, ᑲᔾᔮᓇᕈᒥᓇᕐᓯᑎᓪᓗᒋᓪᓗ, ᓄᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᓱᓐᓂᕐᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᐊᓐᓂᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ, ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᖅ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓂᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᐅᕐᓂᖓᓂᑦ.

ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᑦ 3.1: ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑦᓯᓗᑎᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᕐᑎᑦᓯᒍᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕈᕐᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᓄᑦ.

5.3 ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓂᖅ

ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ ᓇᐅᑦᓯᕐᑐᖃᑦᑕᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᒪᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕐᓂᖏᓂᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᑎᓂᓪᓗ. ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᑲᓐᓂᓛᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᓕᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᐊᓂᒍᕐᐸᑕ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᐊᖏᖅᑕᐅᕕᒋᓚᐅᕐᑕᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᔭᐅᑲᓐᓂᖃᑦᑕᓛᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᖁᓕᑦ ᓈᔭᕋᐃᑉᐸᑕ. ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓗᒋᑦ ᓇᐅᑦᓯᕐᑐᖅᑕᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᑦ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᕐᑕᐅᓂᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᒥᓂᖏᓂᑦ ᐅᓇᓂ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᐸᓗᖓᐃᔭᐃᕙᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᔾᔭᐅᖁᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᒋᐊᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒡᒍᕐᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐱᖁᑏᑦ.

6 ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᒍᓰᑦ

ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓚᖓ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑦ 4 ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑐᐃᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖃᓄᖅᑑᕐᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓇᕐᑕᖏᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒥᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᕙᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔨᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᒋᐊᓕᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᓕᕋᐃᒍᑎᒃ ᐅᐸᓗᖓᐃᔭᐃᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐱᔭᑦᓴᕆᓂᐊᕐᑕᖏᓂᑦ.

6.1 ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᐱᖁᑎᑐᖃᕆᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᓰᑦ

ᓄᓇᖓᓂᓕ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ, ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᐃᓪᓗ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᒋᐊᖃᕐᖓᑕ ᐳᓚᕋᑎᓄᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᔭᐅᖁᓇᒋᑦ; ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓂᐊᕐᐸᑕ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᑦᓯᐊᕆᐊᖃᕋᑦᑎᒍ, ᓇᓗᓇᐃᔭᑦᓯᐊᕐᓗᒋᑦ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕆᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᓐᖑᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᓱᑯᑦᓯᐊᓃᒻᒪᖔᑦ ᐃᓂᖏᑦ, ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᑦᓯᐊᕐᓗᓂᓗ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕈᒪᔪᓄᑦ. ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓯᒪᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐸᐸᓪᓂᒋᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᓇᒦᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓖᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᒪᔪᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᖃᑦᑕᖁᓗᒋᑦ ᑐᓴᕈᒪᔭᖏᓂᑦ ᓱᓕᒃᑲᓂᖅ, ᐳᓚᕋᑎᓕᒫᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᕈᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᓄᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᕈᒪᓗᑎᑦ; ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖃᑦᑕᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᓚᐅᖏᓂᕐᒥᓂ.

ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ 2.1.7 ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᓂᑦ IIBA, ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔭᑐᖃᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓴᐳᑎᔭᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥᑦ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔨᔪᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᐅᕐᓱᐊᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᕐᕕᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑎᖅᒍᓪᓗ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ. ᐃᓘᓐᓇᑎᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᓂᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᒪᓕᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᕐᕕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᑐᖃᕐᔪᐊᕌᓗᒃ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅᑕᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓛᒃᑯᑦ 33 ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᖏᓐᓂᑦ. ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᕐᕕᒃ, ᑭᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᔭᐅᑉᐸᑦ ᓯᕗᕐᖓᒍᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓂᑰᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᙳᐊᑎᒍᑦ ᓱᑯᑦᑎᐊᓃᒻᒪᖔᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓗᓂ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᑎᒍᑦ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᔅᓴᐃᑦ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᒋᐊᖃᓕᕋᔭᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓄᓪᓗ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᖁᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᐅᑦᓯᑐᖅᑎᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᒥᖓᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᐅᓴᕋᐃᒋᐊᕐᔫᒥᓗᑎᒃ.

6.2 ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓂᑦ ᒥᐊᓂᕆᔾᔪᓰᑦ

ᓂᖏᖓᓂᐅᑉ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᐅᖓᓯᑦᑑᓪᓗᓂ ᓄᓇᖓᓗ ᑕᕆᐅᖓᓗ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓂᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᓱᓐᓂᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᓄᖅᑲᕋᒥ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᖓᑕ 1900 ᐱᒋᐊᓕᓵᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐃᒪᖓ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᒐᔪᓗᐊᕐᐳᖅ ᐊᕐᕕᓄᑦ ᑲᑎᓐᓂᐅᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖓ, ᐃᖅᑲᖓ, ᐊᓄᕆᖓᑕ ᓇᑭᓐᖔᕐᓂᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᑉ ᓯᑯᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑕᕆᐊᒥᖕ ᐊᔪᕐᓇᕐᒪᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᓐ, ᓇᔪᖅᐸᑦᑕᖓᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᐊ ᓱᕐᕋᒋᐊᖃᓐᖏᒻᒪᕆᑦᑐᖅ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ.

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔾᔪᓰᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᓕᒐᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᕕᐅᑦᑕᐃᓕᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᑕᐅᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᒍᑕᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓱᓐᓂᕐᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᒥᑦ ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕚᓗᒻᒥᑦ ᐊᕙᓗᐊᓂᓗ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᐱᕈᕐᑐᓪᓗ ᓱᕐᕋᑦᑕᐅᖁᓇᒋᑦ. ᐃᓱᒫᓗᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᓲᖑᔪᒥᒃ ᐃᓯᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᔅᓴᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑎᒃ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ; ᐃᓘᓐᓇᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᐅᑕᐅᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ (ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃᑰᕐᑐᑦ) ᐃᓯᖅᑐᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒻᒧᑦ ᑭᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᖅᑳᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᒻᒥᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᓄᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᔭᐅᓲᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᕐᓄᑦ (ACMC) ᑐᓂᓯᔭᐅᓚᐅᙱᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᓯᕈᓐᓇᐅᒻᒥᑦ.

ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᐊᓘᒻᒪᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓗ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕋᓱᑦᑏᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᓐᖓᕈᒪᓕᓛᕐᑐᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᖔᑦᑎᓂ. ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᓐᓂᖅ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᑦᓴᒧᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᓂᐅᓴᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓄᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓄᓪᓗ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ, ᒫᓐᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕆᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂ.

ᐱᕈᒃᑲᓂᕈᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᓂᑦ ᕿᓂᕐᓂᖅ ᐃᓚᓐᖔᑎᕆᓂᕐᓗ ᓄᓇᒥᑦ ᐊᑭᕋᕐᑐᕐᖓᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᓗᐊᕆᒻᒪᒍ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᕋᓱᐊᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᑐᕌᒐᖏᓂ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᓗᐊᕐᖓᑦ ᓱᕈᕐᓇᕐᑐᕈᔪᓐᓄᑦ ᓱᓐᓂᕐᓯᒪᓐᖏᓂᖓ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔾᔪᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᕙᑎᐊ ᐆᒪᔫᑎᖃᒌᓪᓗ ᐃᒪᖓᓂ. ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᖄᖓ ᐊᓰᓐᓇᓕᔭᐅᒋᐊᖃᓐᖏᒻᒪᑦ ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᑭᐊᖓᓂᑦ ᐱᕈᒃᑲᓂᕈᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᕿᓂᕐᑏᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᐊᓗᓯᐅᕆᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᑦᓯᐅᕐᕕᑦᓴᒥᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᔪᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᓄᑦ.

6.3 ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᑦ ᒥᐊᓂᕆᓂᖅ

ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᑦ ᒥᐊᓂᕆᓂᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᑐᕌᒐᖃᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᐅᓗᕆᐊᓇᕐᑐᒦᑦᑕᐃᓕᑎᑦᓯᓂᖕᒥᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᑦᓃᑦ ᐊᑦᓱᔾᔫᒥᐅᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᑦᓯᑳᓪᓚᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓕᕇᕐᑐᑦ, ᓴᖅᐱᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓂᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᓵᖃᑦᑕᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᕐᑎᑦᓯᔨᖏᑕ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖁᔭᖏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ 7.3. ᒫᓐᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᖁᓲᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ, ᐸᕝᕕᓴᑦᑕᐅᓂᖅ ᐳᓚᕋᑎᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓄᑦ, ᐊᓯᖏᑎᒍᓪᓗ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᕐᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᒃᑯᑦ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᓵᕐᑐᑦ ᐃᒪᖓᒍᑦ (Finley et al. 1986, Kraus 1990, George et al. 1994, Richardson and Malme 1993, Northern Environmental Marine Organization 2003), ᐳᔪᕐᔪᒧᑦ ᓱᕈᕐᓇᕐᑐᒧᑦ, ᐊᖑᔭᓄᑦ, ᓇᔪᒐᖓ ᓇᔪᕋᑦᓴᐅᔪᓐᓃᕐᐸᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᑦᑎᑕᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᑦᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐃᔭᐅᔪᒥᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᓄᓗᐊᖅᑎᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ (Philo et al. 1992, Finley 2001). ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᒍᑎᖏᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᓐᖏᑉᐸᑕ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᐅᖃᖃᑎᒋᔭᐅᓇᓱᐊᕐᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᑎᒥᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᓂᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᖏᑕ ᓯᓚᑖᓃᑉᐸᑦ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ., ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᖓᑦ, ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᒥᖓᑦ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᖏᑦ, CCG ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᓄᓕᕆᔨᑐᖃᒃᑯᖏᑦ) ᐋᔩᖃᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᒪᓗᑎᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑕᐅᑦᓯᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᓐᖑᐊᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᑐᕌᒐᑦᓴᑦ ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᓪᓗ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓴᖅᓯᐅᕈᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖁᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔾᔪᑕᐅᓕᕋᐃᑉᐸᑕ.

ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᕐᓂᖏᓂ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᐋᒋᓯ ᐱᒋᐊᓐᖓᕐᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᐆᒃᑑᕝᕙ ᓄᓐᖑᐊᓄᑦ), ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᑦᓴᒧᑦ ᓂᕿᒧᑦ ᐳᐃᔨᓂᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖁᔨᓐᖏᑦᓯᐊᕐᑑᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᐃᒃᑲᓂᖓᓂ ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᕗᒃᑎᐊᐱᐅᒻ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᑎᓂᐅᓂᖓᓂ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕐᕕᖏᓂ.

ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓃᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓇᖏᖅᑎᖓᓘᓐᓃᑦ(ᖏᑦ) ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕐᐹᖑᕗᑦ ᐊᐱᕆᔭᐅᖅᑳᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐋᒡᒑᖅᑳᕈᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕈᔾᔨᔨᐅᔪᒪᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑎᑎᔨᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥᐅᑕᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᕐᐸᑕ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᕈᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᕐᒥ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕈᔾᔨᔨᐅᔪᒪᓗᑎᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑎᑎᔨᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᕐᒥ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᑎᑦᓯᓂᐊᕐᐳᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓂᑦ, ᐃᓇᖏᖅᑎᖓᓘᓐᓃᑦ(ᖏᑦ) ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕐᐹᖑᕗᑦ ᐊᐱᕆᔭᐅᖅᑳᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᕈᒪᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖅᑖᕈᒪᒍᑎᖕ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕈᔾᔨᔨᐅᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑕᐃᒫᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᒪᓕᒐᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥᐅᑕᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᐅᑎᖓᑕᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ.

ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖃᔭᐅᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᓱᐃᔾᔮᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐱᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᓴᓪᓕᓗᐊᖁᓇᒋᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᑦ. ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᓯᐊᒻᒪᓗᑦᓯᒪᕙᒻᒪᑕ ᓯᕕᑐᔪᐊᓗᖕᒥ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓯᓚᑖᓅᖓᔪᓂᑦ; ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐆᒪᔪᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑎᒥᐅᔪᓄᑦ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᖃᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᓄᑦ. ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓂᑦ ᑎᒥᔪᐅᓂᑦ ᒥᐊᓂᕆᔭᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖏᑦ, ᐊᑲᐅᓈᕋᐃᑉᐸᑦ.

6.4 ᓇᐅᑦᓯᕐᑐᕐᓂᖅ

ᓇᐅᑦᓯᕐᑐᕆᐊᖃᓂᖅ ᐱᓱᑦᑎᓂᑦ ᐳᐃᔨᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅᐹᖑᖃᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᑎᑦᓴᓂ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ. ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕐᐹᖑᓗᓂ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ, ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᑦ, ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓪᓗ ᒫᓐᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᖔᑦᑎᓂᓗ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ ᐅᐸᑦᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓕᕐᐸᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᑦᓯᐊᕖᖓᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᓐᖏᒃᑲᓗᐊᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓂᓗ ᓇᔪᒐᖓ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᔭᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᖏᒃᑲᓗᐊᕐᒪᖔᑦ.

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓗᐊᓐᖏᒻᒪᑕ ᒫᓐᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᓕᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓐᓂᖏᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᓐ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᒐᔪᑦᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᓐᖓᕐᓂᖓᓂ ᑭᓪᓕᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᖓᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔾᔪᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᖃᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓇᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᓂᑦ ᐅᔾᔨᕈᓱᓐᓂᕈᑎᒃ ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᓇᐅᑦᓯᕐᑐᖅᑕᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ.

ᓇᐅᑦᓯᕐᑐᖅᑕᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᒪᑯᐊ:

ᐊᕙᑎᑦᑎᓂ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᓕᒫᑦ

1. ᓈᓴᕐᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓗ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᔾᔭᐅᖁᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᓐᖓᕐᓂᖓᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ
2. ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓇᓱᐊᕐᓗᑕ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᓂᐊᕋᑦᑎᒍ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᓱᕐᕋᐃᕙᓪᓕᐊᒻᒪᓗᖔᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᒫᖓᓂ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ
3. ᑲᑎᖅᓱᐃᓗᑎᑦ (ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ) ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ, ᓇᔪᒐᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓪᓗ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓱᕐᕋᐃᑎᒋᕙᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᕙᓗᐊᓂ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒋᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ

ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ

1. ᓈᓴᕐᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᓐᖑᐊᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑐᖅᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓖᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓃᑐᑦ;
2. ᑎᑎᕋᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᖃᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓂᖏᓂᑦ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᖏᓪᓗ, ᐃᓪᓗᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᖏᑕ ᐋᖅᑭᐅᒪᓂᖏᑦ, ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ.);
3. ᓈᓴᕐᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᓐᖑᐊᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑐᖅᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᒫᓐᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᑭᓱᓕᕆᕙᒻᒪᖔᑕ, ᖃᖓᒃᑰᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒥ, ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ)

ᐊᓯᖏᑦ

1. ᓄᓇᓐᖑᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕐᑕᐅᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᑎᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᔾᔪᑏᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᖃᕐᐸᑦ ᓴᓗᒻᒪᕆᐊᓖᓪᓗ ᓴᓂᒥᓃᑦ ᓴᓗᒻᒪᖅᓴᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ;
2. ᑲᑎᖅᓱᐃᓗᑎᑦ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᓇᓪᓕᐊᖑᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᓂᐱᖃᕋᔪᑦᑐᓪᓗ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐊᕙᓗᐊᓂᓗ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ.

6.5 ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ

ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑐᕌᒐᖃᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᓱᑯᑦᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖃᕐᒪᖓᑕ ᓂᕆᕙᑦᑕᖏᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ. ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᓪᓕᐅᑎᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕋᑦᓴᑦ ᒪᑯᐊ:

• ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᓴᖅᐱᓕᓐᓄᑦ, ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ
• ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ, ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖓ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕙᑎᐊ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᓕᒫᓪᓗ ᑲᓱᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ
• ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᓄᖅᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑎᑦ ᓄᖑᕈᔾᔨᑲᓴᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓅᓯᒪᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᒪᖓᓄᑦ
• ᑐᑭᓯᓇᓱᐊᕐᓗᑕ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᓐᓇᕆᔭᐅᒻᒪᖔᑦ ᓄᓇᖓ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᓱᖅᑎᑲᓐᓂᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᖏᑕ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᓚᐅᕐᑕᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑎᓪᓚᕆᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓇᕈᔨᐅᓚᐅᕐᖓᑕ.

ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓯᕈᓐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᔾᔪᓯᕆᕙᑦᑕᖓ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᐊᑕᕐᐸᒻᒪᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᑦ ᓇᐅᑦᑎᕐᓱᕈᑎᒋᕙᑦᑐᓂᔾᔪᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᓂᐅᕙᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥ. ᐊᑑᑎᓖᑦ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᑦᑎᐊᑐᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐ ᓇᐅᑦᓯᖅᑐᕈᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᓪᓗ ᑐᑭᒧᐊᑦᑎᑕᐅᑦᑎᐊᕐᓗᓂ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᕆᐊᖃᕐᖓᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᖃᑎᒌᖃᑦᑕᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒋᕙᑦᑕᖏᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕖᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐃᑲᔫᑎᖃᕐᐸᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᑐᕌᒐᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᑎᒋᐊᓕᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ. ᐃᓘᓐᓇᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑐᔅᓯᕋᐅᑏᑦ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᔨᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑯᓐᓄᑦ; ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓗᒍ 7.0 ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᔅᓴᓂᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐃᓯᕈᓐᓇᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒨᖓᔪᓂᑦ.

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔨᒋᐊᕆᔨᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᑯᐊ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᖃᑦᑕᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑯᓐᓂ ᐱᓕᕆᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᑐᔅᓯᕋᐅᑏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᒪᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑐᓕᖁᔨᕙᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᑭᓪᓕᖃᑦᑐᑦᓴᐅᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᓕᒐᖃᕐᑐᑦᓴᐅᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᑐᓂ ᐱᓕᕆᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ.

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓴᖅᓯᐅᖃᑦᑕᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᓐᓂ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒨᖓᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᑎᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥᑦ, ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᒥᑦ ᓇᐅᑦᓯᕐᑐᕆᐊᓕᓐᓄᑦ/ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐸᐅᑦᑎᐅᔾᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂ 6.4. ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 6.5.

6.6 ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᔭᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᖅᑲᑯᓂᖓ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ

ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᑐᖃᕋᐃᑉᐸᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓂ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᓱᐃᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᔪᕈᕐᓃᖅᓴᐃᕙᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᑲᔪᖏᖅᑐᐃᔾᔪᑕᐅᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᖕ ᒪᑭᒪᓇᓱᐊᕐᓂᖕᒧᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦᑎᒍᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑎᑦᓴᖃᑦᓯᐊᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ (CA IIBA 2.1.8). ᓱᓕᒃᑲᓂᖅ, ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᑐᐃᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᑐᖃᕈᒪᑉᐸᑦ ᑲᔪᖏᖅᑐᐃᔾᔪᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᐸᑕ ᐃᓅᖅᑲᑎᒌᓂᑦ ᑭᒃᑐᐃᓐᓇᓂᑦ ᐅᔾᔨᕈᓱᒋᐊᕐᑎᑦᓯᒍᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᔾᔪᑕᐅᓗᓂ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᕈᓯᓂᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᑐᐃᔨᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ. ᑭᖑᓂᖔᖓᒍᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑯᑕ ᓇᓗᓇᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᑎᑦᓯᐊᓚᖓᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᖓᓗ ᐆᒻᒪᐅᑦᓯᐊᓯᖅᐸᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔪᓐᓇᕐᓯᓗᑎᑦ.

ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᓱᐃᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᑕᖅᑲᑯᓄᖓᓗ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᒧᑦ ᐆᒪᔫᖃᑎᒌᓕᒫᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓃᑦᑐᓕᒫᓄᑦ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᓪᓚᕆᒻᒪᖔᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ. ᓱᓕᒃᑲᓂᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᒍᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᒫᖓᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᑎᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᕐᑎᑦᓯᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᔭᐅᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᖁᔭᒋᔭᐅᓗᓂᓗ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᓯᕗᓕᖏᓐᓃᓐᖔᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᑎᒋᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᕕᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᕐᑎᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᑎᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᖃᓇᒋᔭᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᐅᑉᐸᑕ ᒪᑭᑦᓯᐊᓚᖓᔪᖅ ᐊᕙᓗᐊᓂ ᐳᓚᕋᑦᑐᓕᕆᓂᖅ. ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᓄᑦ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐅᔾᔨᕐᑐᕈᑎᑦᓴᓂᓪᓗ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᕐᑎᑦᓯᖃᑦᑕᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐱᓗᐊᕐᑐᒥᖕ ᓯᓚᑎᑦᑎᓄᑦ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᔭᐅᒋᐊᓕᓐᓂᑦ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕋᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᑕᖅᑲᒃᑯᓄᖓ; ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᑦᓴᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ, ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ, ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᓪᓗ.

7 ᓴᓐᖏᓂᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᑦᑕᐃᓕᓃᓪᓗ

ᐱᓪᓗᒋᓪᓕ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓗ, ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᓗᐊᑦᑕᐃᓕᑎᑦᓯᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔨᐅᓪᑎᓪᓗ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᒪᓐᓂᕐᐸᑕ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂ ᐊᖅᑯᑕᐅᓗᓂ ᐊᑐᓕᕐᑎᑕᐅᓂᖓ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑦ. ᐱᖁᔭᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᐱᑦᑕᐃᓕᑎᑦᓯᕙᒻᒪᑕ ᓄᖅᑲᖓᑎᑕᐅᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᒪᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒥᓂᔅᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓄᑦ ᐱᕕᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᒋᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᕐᒥᒍᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᓂ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᓚᐅᕋᓗᐊᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐱᑦᑕᐃᓕᕕᐅᒋᐊᖓ ᓄᖅᑲᑎᑦᓯᓂᒃᑯᑦ. ᐱᖁᔭᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᒪᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᒥᓂᔅᑕ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᖃᕐᖓᑦ ᐅᐸᒍᑎᒋᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓄᑦ.

7.1 ᐃᓯᕈᕐᓇᖅᑎᑕᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ

ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑎᖃᖃᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᒍᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᕗᑦ; ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ, ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥᐅᑕᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕈᒪᒍᑎᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᒪᓐᓂᕈᑎᒃ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓂ.

ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᓂ, ᒥᓂᔅᑕ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᐃᔾᔪᑎᒥᓂᖕ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓇᒥᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᕐᑎᑦᓯᓗᓂ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐹᖓᓂ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᐅᑉ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᖓᑕ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ ᓇᒥᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐃᓯᕆᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒻᒧᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ. ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᖅᑎᑦᓯᖃᑦᑕᕐᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᐃᒍᑎᓂᑦ ᒥᓂᔅᑕ ᐃᓱᒪᖃᖅᐸᑦ ᐃᓯᕈᓂ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᕐᑕᐃᓕᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑐᕌᖓᑉᐸᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᖃᕐᐸᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓯᕐᕕᐅᒍᓂ ᐸᕝᕕᓵᕆᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᖓᑕ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᖓᑕᓗ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓂᑦ.

7.2 ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᓐᖏᒃᑲᓗᐊᕐᓗᑎᑦ

ᑕᐃᒫᖕ ᐅᖃᖅᓯᒪᒻᒪᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᓂ “ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓱᖅᑎᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᒐᑎᓪᓗ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖕᒥᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂᖕ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᒧᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᑉᐸᑕ ᓇᒥᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᓄᓇᒥ, ᐃᒪᕐᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᓗ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᑕ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ” (ᐃᓚᖓ 5.7.16). ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᓕᒫᖓ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑎᖃᖃᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᑖᖃᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᖁᑎᖓᒍᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓱᖅᓯᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᒐᑎᓪᓗ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕈᓐᓇᓂᖕᒥᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂᖕ, ᐃᒪᕐᒥᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᓗ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂ ᐃᒪᐃᓕᐅᕐᓂᐊᕐᐸᑕ:

• ᐊᖑᓇᓱᓂᖅ (ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ. 5.7.16)
• ᐅᔭᖅᑭᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ 50 m³ ᑭᑉᐹᕆᓪᓗᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᒦᑕᑦ ᐅᒃᑯᓯᑦᓴᒥᑦ (ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ. 19.9.4); ᐊᒻᒪᓗ
• ᓄᓇᑖᕈᒪᔪᖃᕐᐸᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᕋᓛᕐᑖᕈᑎᒃᑯᑦ (ᒪᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᖓᓂᑦ; ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ. 7.2.4)

ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᓂ ᓄᓇᕗᒥᐅᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᕈᑕᐅᑲᓂᕐᒥᔪ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖕᒥᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᓐᖏᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕈᔾᔨᓂᐊᕐᐸᑕ ᑕᑯᕚᕐᑖᕋᓱᐊᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕈᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂᑦ.

7.3 ᐊᖏᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᓯᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ

ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑎᖃᖃᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᒍᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᕗᑦ; ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ, ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥᐅᑕᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖃᕈᒪᒍᑎᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᒪᓐᓂᕈᑎᒃ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᖓᓂ.

ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᒋᐊᓕᒃ: ᖃᓄᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᓂᖏᑉᐸᑕ ᑐᓴᕋᑦᓴᖁᑎᕗᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕆᐅᔭᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᓇᓂ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᐅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓂᑯᑦ ᒥᓂᔅᑕᒧᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᐅᑎᖓ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᖅ.

7.4 ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ

ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᕐᑎᑦᓯᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᒥᓂᔅᑕ ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᒃᑯᓂ ᐃᑲᔫᑎᖃᕐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖓ ᑭᓪᓕᓯᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᖏᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓂᓪᓗ ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᓂᖕᒧᑦ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᕆᓂᐊᕐᑕᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᓯᐊᓂᐊᑐᐊᖅᐸᑕ ᑐᑭᑖᕈᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᑕ ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒪᓕᑦᓯᐊᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᒫᓐᓇᓂᓴᐅᓂᕐᐹᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ. ᒥᓂᔅᑕ ᐃᓚᓯᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᖁᔭᖏᓂᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑦᓱᔾᔫᒥᐅᒍᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐸᕝᕕᓵᖑᓗᐊᑦᑕᐃᓕᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᖓᓗ ᐊᕙᑎᐊ ᐱᓕᕆᔪᓄᑦ.

ᑐᑦᓯᕋᕈᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂᓕᒫᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᑕᑕᑎᕆᐊᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᖏᖅᑕᐅᔪᒪᔾᔪᑎᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᒃᑯᑦ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐅᑯᓄᖓ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᑎᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᑐᕌᕈᑎᖓᓄᑦ ᖃᕆᓴᐅᔭᒃᑯᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᕕᒋᓗᒍ:

Environment and Climate Change Canada – Canadian Wildlife Service

Northern Region
933 Mivvik Street, 3^rd Floor
P.O. Box 1870
Iqaluit, NU X0A 0H0

ᐅᖄᓚᐅᑖ:: 867-975-4636
ᖃᕆᓴᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ: CWSPermitNorth@ec.gc.ca

ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕐᕕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ CWSPermitNorth@ec.gc.ca ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐅᖄᓚᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᑭᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᒃᑯᑦ 1-800-668-6767 (ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ) ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑎᑦᓴᖃᕈᕕᑦ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᑦᓴᖃᕈᕕᑦ, ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒋᔭᖃᕈᕕᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓂᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᑕᐅᔪᒪᒍᕕᑦ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᐅᑏᑦ ᑕᑕᑎᓕᕈᕕᒋᑦ ᑭᐅᔭᕆᐊᓖᑦ.

ᑐᓂᔭᐅᑐᐊᕐᐸᑕ, ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᓯᖃᑦᑕᕐᑐᑦ ᑎᑎᖃᐅᔭᕐᓯᒪᔪᓂ ᐊᑐᐊᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 10ᒥ. ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓂᐊᕐᐳᖅ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᒍᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐊᑯᓂᑲᓪᓚᕈᓗᖕ ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᓇᓱᐊᕐᐸᒻᒪᑕ. ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᖃᑦᑕᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᔪᒪᔪᑦ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᐅᑎᖏᓂᑦ, ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓ. ᓱᓕᒃᑲᓂᖅ, ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐸᕐᓇᐃᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᑦᓴᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᑦ, ᐊᒡᒍᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᓂᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᓚᐅᖏᓂᖏᓂ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ, ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐸᕐᓇᐃᔩᑦ ᑲᒥᓴᖓᑦ (NPC) ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᑐᑦᓯᕌᖏᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᑦᓴᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᓯᐊᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᓄᓇᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒋᐊᖃᕐᐸᑕ, ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐸᕐᓇᐃᔩᑦ ᑲᒥᓴᖓᑦ ᐊᑐᓕᖁᔨᒍᓐᓇᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓐᓂᑦ (NIRB) ᕿᒥᕐᕈᖁᔨᓗᑎᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᔪᒪᔪᑦ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᐅᑎᖓᓂᑦ. ᑐᑦᓯᕋᕐᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᐃᖏᐊᓖᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐸᕐᓇᐃᔩᑦ ᑲᒥᓴᖏᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᒃᑲᓂᕈᒪᒍᑎᒃ ᐊᒡᒍᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᕕᒋᕙᑦᑕᖏᑕ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᖏᓂᑦ.

ᐃᓱᒪᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔭᕆᐊᖃᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅ 10−ᒥ, ᑐᑦᓯᕋᕈᒪᔪᑦ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᐅᑎᖏᓂᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᓯᒪᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓄᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐱᓕᕆᒍᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕈᒪᑉᐸᑕ ᔫᓂ 1−ᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐆᒃᑑᕝᕙ 31−ᒥ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᕐᓯᒪᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᕕᕝᕗᐊᕆ 1. ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓕ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ, ᑐᑦᓯᕋᕈᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᕈᒪᔪᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᓯᒪᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᑐᑦᓯᕋᐅᑎᖏᓂᑦ ᑕᖅᑭᑦ ᑎᓴᒪᑦ ᓯᕗᕐᖓᒍᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᓚᐅᖏᓂᖓᓂ ᐅᓪᓗᖓᓂ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᕆᔪᒪᔭᖓᑕ.

7.5 ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᓗ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕈᑎᐅᔪᑦ

ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᓂᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᖅ, ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᔪᓐᖏᔾᔪᑎᓂᑦ ᐱᓯᒪᒋᐊᖃᕋᔭᖅᑐᔅᓴᐅᔪᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᑐᖃᕈᒪᑉᐸᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥ. ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᕕᑦᑐᕐᓯᒪᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥᓗ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᕐᑎᑦᓯᔨᖏᑕ ᐊᓪᓚᕝᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᒃᑲᓂᕈᒪᒍᕕᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕆᐊᖃᕐᒪᖔᕐᐱᑦ.

8 ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓇᓐᖏᑦᑐᓕᕆᓂᖅ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᑐᒦᕐᔭᐃᕈᑏᓪᓗ

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓴᖅᓯᐅᕈᑎᖃᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐅᑯᓂᖓ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᑐᒦᑦᑕᐃᓕᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᖃᓄᖅᑑᕈᑕᐅᒋᐊᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ ᐱᔭᑦᓴᖏᑕ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ:

• ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕐᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᓱᕋᑦᑎᕐᓯᒪᔪᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᕋᓛᑦ ᐲᔭᕐᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᕗᒃᑎᐊᐱᒻᒥ;
• ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓂ ᕿᒪᒃᑲᑯᑦ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᖃᑦᑕᐅᔭᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᖅᓱᖃᐅᑎᒥᓃᑦ ᓅᓪᓗᒋᓪᓗ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᐃᕕᓐᓄᑦ ᓅᑕᐅᒋᐊᓕᓐᓄᑦ. ᓇᓗᓇᕐᑐᖅ ᓴᓗᒻᒪᕐᑕᐅᒌᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᖓᑦ ᐃᒐᓕᑦᑑᖅ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐱᔭᕇᕐᑕᐅᓪᓗᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᓱᓕ ᓴᓂᖅᑕᖃᕐᐸᑦ ᓅᑕᐅᒋᐊᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂᑦ;
• ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᓇᑉᐸᐃᔪᑦᓴᐅᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂ.

ᑭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᕐᑐᖅ ᐅᐸᓗᖓᐃᕐᓯᒪᑦᓯᐊᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᐅᖓᓯᑦᑑᓂᖓᓄᑦ, ᓯᓚᕈᔫᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ, ᓯᑯᕐᓗᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖓᑕ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᖓᑦ ᓇᓄᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓄᓪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓄᑦ ᑎᑭᕌᕐᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᖓᑕ. ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓯᒪᒍᓰᑦ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑏᓪᓗ ᐅᖓᓯᑦᑐᒧᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓯᒪᓂᐊᕐᓗᓂ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᑕᖁᐊᕆᐊᓖᑦ.

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ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᐃᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᓯ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐊᕙᑎᐊᓂ ᑐᐊᕕᕐᓇᕐᑐᖃᑳᓪᓚᑉᐸᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᐃᕕᒻᒧᑦ ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕐᒥ ᓄᓇᕗᒥᓗ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᑦᑎᓂ ᑐᐊᕕᕐᓇᕐᑐᖃᕐᐸᑦ ᐅᕗᖓ:

1-867-920-8130

ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ ᖃᓄᓕᒫᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᓇᓱᐊᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓇᓐᖏᑦᑐᒦᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᑐᒦᖁᓇᒋᓪᓗ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔭᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᕐᑕᐅᑦᓯᐊᕐᐸᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᑉᐸᑕ ᓱᑯᑦᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᑐᖃᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᐅᓗᕆᐊᓇᕐᑐᖃᕐᒪᖔᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ. ᓱᓕᒃᑲᓂᖅ, ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᑎᖏᑦ ᖃᓄᓕᒫᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᖕ ᐅᔾᔨᕐᑐᑦᓯᐊᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᑐᒦᖁᓇᒋᑦ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓇᕐᑐᒧᑦ ᑲᑉᐱᐊᓇᕐᑐᒦᖁᓇᒋᓪᓗ, ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖃᑎᖏᑦ; ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᐳᓚᕋᑏᑦ, ᐱᖃᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᔨᕐᑏᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᑳᓐᑐᓛᕐᑏᑦ, ᖃᓄᓕᒫᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᑐᑭᓯᑦᓯᐊᕋᓱᖅᑳᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᑭᓱᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐅᓗᕆᐊᓇᕐᑐᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ, ᐅᐸᓗᖓᐃᕐᓯᒪᑦᓯᐊᕐᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᐸᕐᓇᓯᒪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔪᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᓱᓐᓂᕐᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᒥ ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᑐᖃᓲᖑᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᔾᔨᕐᑐᑦᓯᐊᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᓯᒪᑦᓯᐊᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑏᑦ, ᑐᑭᓯᓯᒪᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᑎᖏᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᓕᒫᖅ ᐅᐊᑦᓯᕙᓐᖏᒻᒪᑕ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᐸᓐᖏᒪᑕᓗ ᐳᓚᕋᑎᓂᑦ ᑐᐊᕕᕐᓇᕐᑐᖃᓕᕐᐸᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂ.

ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᕆᐊᖃᕈᕕᑦ ᖃᓄᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᔪᖃᕐᓂᖅᐸᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᐃᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑎᑦ ᐅᓇᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᕝᕕᖏᓐᓄᑦ:

• ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᐊᕐᑎᒃᑯᑦ (ᔭᓗᓇᐃᕝᒥ ᐃᖃᓗᓐᓂᓗ): dalfnord-wednorth@ec.gc.ca
• ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᐊᓪᓚᕝᕕᖓ (ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ): 867-975-4642 CWSPermitNorth@ec.gc.ca
• ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᖓᑕ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᐊᕐᑎᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥ, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ: 867-924-6235
• ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥ, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ: 867-924-0123, or 867-924-1111 ᑐᐊᕕᕐᓇᕐᑐᖃᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ
• ᓇᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᓄᑦ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒻᒥ, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ

9 ᒪᓕᒐᕐᓂᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑎᑎᓂᖅ

ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔨᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖁᔭᕋᓛᖏᑦ:

• ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑦ, 1994, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᕋᓛᖏᑦ
• ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖅ; and ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑦ
• ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᓴᓪᓕᓗᐊᖁᓇᒋᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᑦ

ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᑕᐅᔾᔪᑎᑦᓴᖏᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑦ, 1994 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᖅᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᕋᓛᖏᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑦ, ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᐊᕐᑎᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᕗᑦ ᐸᓖᓯᓐᖑᐊᖑᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᑭᒡᒐᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐸᓖᓯᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᓕᕐᑎᑦᓯᕙᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᖅᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᕋᓛᖏᓂᑦ ᒪᓕᒋᐊᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑕ, ᑕᐃᒫᖕ ᑭᖑᓕᕆᑦᑐᑎᒃ.

ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᓇᐅᑦᓯᕐᑐᖅᑎᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᖁᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑏᓪᓗ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᑦᓯᐊᓕᕋᓗᐊᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐱᖁᔭᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᕋᓛᓪᓗ ᐃᓗᐊᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᓕᒫᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᑕᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᖁᒥᑦᓯᔪᖃᕐᓂᖅᐸᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕆᐊᖃᕐᑐᓂ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᔪᖃᕐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑕᕆᐊᖃᕋᒥ. ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᖅᐸᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᕋᓛᖏᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖏᓂᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓄᓕᒫᖅ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑕᕆᐊᖃᕋᐃᒍᑎᒃ, ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᐊᕐᑏᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᓂᑦ ᓯᖁᒥᑦᓯᔪᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᕋᑦᓴᓐᖑᕐᑎᑦᓯᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ.

ᐃᓚᖓ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᑕ ᓄᓇᖓ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖓᓃᒻᒪᑦ, ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓅᖓᔪᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᕕᐅᑦᑕᐃᓕᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᓴᓪᓕᓗᐊᖁᓇᒋᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᒍᑦ (ᐃᓚᖓ 32. ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 33.) ᐊᑑᑎᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓄᓕᒫᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᓄᖑᓯᒪᓕᕐᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓄᑦ ᓅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ, ᓄᖑᓐᓂᐊᕋᓱᒋᔭᐅᓕᕐᑐᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑦᑕᖅᑯᓲᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᑕᐅᖃᓯᐅᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᐃᒍᖏᓂ 1. ᐳᓚᕋᑏᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᑐᖁᑦᓯᔭᕆᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ, ᐋᓐᓂᕐᑎᕆᒋᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ, ᓇᓪᓕᓵᕐᑎᑦᓯᒋᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ, ᐸᕝᕕᓴᒋᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ, ᑎᒍᐊᕐᑖᕆᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᒍᓯᔭᕆᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᐃᒍᖓᓂ 1. ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᖃᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᑎᒥᖏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᑉᐸᑕ ᓇᔪᒐᓪᓗᐊᑕᓂᑦ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᓪᓚᕆᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᑎᖃᖃᑕᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᑎᒍᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᓴᖅᑮᔭᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖃᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖓᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᒐᔨᑦ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᓕᐅᕐᕕᖓᒍᑦ. ᐃᓚᖓᓂ 58 ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᓴᓪᓕᓗᐊᖁᓇᒋᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑎᒍᑦ ᓱᕋᑦᑎᕆᔭᕆᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᓪᓗᐊᑕᐅᑐᐊᕐᐸᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᐅᒐᔪᑦᑐᒥ.

10 ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᓕᕐᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ

ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᐊᑐᓕᕐᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᔭᕆᐊᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓃᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᖁᓕᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ, ᐋᖅᑭᑦᓱᐃᕙᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒫᒧᑦ ᐱᔭᑦᓴᕆᓂᐊᕐᑕᖏᓂᑦ ᒪᓕᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᔾᔭᐅᖁᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᑦ ᐊᑐᕈᒫᕐᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓂᖏᑦ. ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᓱᐃᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑐᖅᓯᒪᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᓕᕐᑎᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐸᑦᑕᖏᑦ ᐱᔭᑦᓴᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐃᓄᑦᑕᖏᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓪᓗ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᓱᖏᐅᑎᕙᓪᓕᐊᓯᓐᓈᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᔭᒥᓄᑦ ᐊᑲᐅᒋᔭᐅᓂᕐᐹᖑᓪᓗᓂ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᕐᐸᑕ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ. ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᑲᓐᓂᓛᕐᑐᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᓕᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᑐᓕᕐᑎᑕᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ (5) ᐊᓂᒍᕐᓯᒪᓕᕐᐸᑕ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐅᖃᓕᒪᒐᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᒪᓕᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᔭᑦᓴᕐᑖᖑᓯᒪᒧᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑦ 5ᒥ.

10.1 ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑎᓕᔭᐅᔾᔪᑏᓪᓗ

10.1.1 ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔨᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ(ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ,ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕐᑎᖏᑦ)

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᓄᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖃᕐᑐᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᑦ.

10.1.2 ᐊᕕᑦᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑕᐅᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᑦ (ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ)

ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔨᒋᐊᕆᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᒥᓂᔅᑕᒥᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓄᑦ ᓇᐅᒃᑯᓕᒫᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᓯᓂ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓄᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑕᕆᐊᖃᕋᒥ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᒋᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᒍᑦ.

10.1.3 ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ (ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ)

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᕗ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ, ᑎᓕᓯᔾᔪᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᓂ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ.

10.1.4 ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓄᑦ (ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓃᒃᑯᑦ)

ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓃᒃᑯᑦ ᑭᒡᒐᕆᔭᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᖕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔨᒋᐊᕆᔨᐅᕙᑦᑐᑎᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖏᑕ ᒥᑦᓵᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᕐᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᑕᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑖᓂ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕖᑦᓂ.

10.1.5 ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᒥᖓᑦ (ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒃᑯᑦ)

ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᑐᑭᒧᐊᕐᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᕆᐊᓕᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᒍᑦ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑖᓂ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ, ᑐᓴᐅᒪᑎᑦᓯᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᖃᖃᑎᖃᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓖᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒃᑯᓂᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᑭᐊᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓂᑦ ᐱᕈᒃᑲᓂᕈᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᑦ ᖃᑭᔾᔪᑎᑦᓴᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ.

10.2 ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᔭᐅᓂᖏᑦ

ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᔭᐅᓛᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ (5) ᐊᓂᒍᕐᓯᒪᓕᕐᐸᑕ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖏᑦ. ᑕᐃᒫᖏᓛᖕ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᓯᒪᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᓂ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓂ, ᑭᒡᒐᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ, ᑲᑎᒪᔨᐅᖃᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᓄᑦ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᑎᖏᑦ ᓱᓐᓂᕐᓯᒪᓐᓂᕐᐸᑕ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕆᖁᔨᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓴᖅᓯᐅᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕈᑕᐅᖁᔭᐅᔪᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑐᓕᖁᔨᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕐᑕᐅᖁᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᐱᐅᓯᕆᔭᐅᒋᐊᓕᒃ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ 3.5 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 3.6 ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕈᑎᑦᓴᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᓂ.

11 ᑭᒡᒐᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᐅᖃᑎᒌᑦ

11.1 ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᑦ

ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑎᒌᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔨᒋᐊᕆᕙᓐᓂᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᔪᑦᓴᐅᒻᒪᖔᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓ ᑐᓴᕋᓱᐊᓚᐅᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐅᖃᖃᑎᖃᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒡᒍᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖏᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᖃᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓂᑦ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᖃᐅᕐᑐᓂᓪᓗ, ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒋᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᖕᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓂᑦ, ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ. ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ ᐱᔭᑦᓴᖃᓪᓗᐊᑕᕐᖓᑕ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᓂᖕᒥᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᖑᔭᑦᓴᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑖᓂ. ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᖏᑦ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔪᓕᕆᔨᖏᑦ, ᐃᓄᓕᕆᔨᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᐅᑉ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑐᓕᕆᔨᖏᑦ, ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ, ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐸᕐᓇᐃᔩᑦ ᑲᒥᓴᖓᑦ, ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᐅᒻ ᕼᐋᒪᓚᖓᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᖁᑎᑐᖃᖏᓂᑦ ᐸᐸᑦᓯᔩᑦ (IHT), ᐳᕆᓐᔅ ᕕᐅᓪᔅ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᖓᑦ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᔾᔪᐊᖅ ᐃᒻᒪᓂᓴᑐᖃᕐᓂᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑦᑐᓕᕆᔨᖏᑦ.

ᐃᑲᔪᕐᑎᐅᖃᑎᑦᓴᖏᓂᑦ ᐱᓐᖑᕐᑎᑦᓯᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᕿᓂᕐᓗᑎᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᕐᓴᕐᕕᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑏᑦ ᑐᑦᑕᕐᕕᖏᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᒪᔪᖃᕐᓂᖅᐸᑦ ᓂᖏᖓᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖃᕐᕕᖓᓂ.

11.2 ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᖓᑦ

ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᑕ ᐊᕙᑎᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᖏᑦ − ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᑎᓕᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᑦ ᐱᓱᑦᑎᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ. ᓱᓕᒃᑲᓂᖅ, ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖓᓂ, ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᖏᑕ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖓᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᕆᐊᓕᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᕈᓘᔭᓂᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓄᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᖁᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᒥᓗ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᖁᔨᕗᖔᕈᑎᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᓕᒫᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᖃᑕᐅᒋᐊᖃᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓᑦ. ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑐᕌᒐᑦᓴᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖓᑕ ᓇᓕᒧᒌᒥᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔪᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᒪᓕᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᑦ, ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑎᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᖃᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖃᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥᐅᑦ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᔭᖏᑕ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖏᓂᑦ ᑭᓐᖒᒪᔭᖏᓂᓪᓗ.

ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᖓᑕ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᐱᖁᓯᑎᑐᖃᓕᕆᔨᖏᓪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᓖᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᓂᕐᒥᓪᓗ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᑐᖃᕐᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒥ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎᑎᒍᑦ, ᒪᓕᒐᔅᓴᖅᑎᒍᑦ, ᐊᑐᐊᒐᖅᑎᒍᓪᓗ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᒪᓕᒐᐃᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔾᔪᑏᑦ ᐱᖃᓯᐅᔾᔨᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓐᓂᑦ, ᐱᓕᕆᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᐅᓗᓂ, ᑲᒪᒋᔭᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᑭᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᕆᓂᐊᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑐᖃᒥᓂᕐᓂᑦ, ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅᑲᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ, ᐊᕙᑎᒦᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᓂᖅ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐳᓚᕋᑦᑐᓕᕆᓂᖅ.

12 ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕐᕕᒥᓃᑦ

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