EI Monitoring and Assessment Report 2012/13 Annex 6 - Key Studies Referenced in Chapter 2

Notice: Refer to the Table of contents to navigate through the EI Monitoring and Assessment Report 2012/13.

1. Employment Insurance Coverage Survey

Author(s): Statistics Canada

Objective(s): The Employment Insurance Coverage Survey (EICS) provides information on unemployed individuals, whether or not they are eligible for or apply for Employment Insurance (EI) benefits.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • In 2012, 81.9% of unemployed individuals who had been paying premiums and had a recent job separation that met EI program criteria were eligible to receive EI benefits.
  • Among the 1,310,000 unemployed individuals in 2012, 808,000 were covered by the EI program, as they had paid EI premiums in the previous 12 months before becoming unemployed. They represented 61.7% of all unemployed people.

Availability: Findings for the 2012 EICS are available on Statistics Canada’s web site at Employment Insurance Coverage Survey, 2012.

2. Financial Impacts of Receiving Employment Insurance

Author(s): Constantine Kapsalis, Data Probe Economic Consulting Inc.

Objective(s): This study explores the financial impact of receiving EI benefits. The study probes the evolution of individual incomes before, during and after the receipt of EI benefits, as well as the influence of receiving EI on household consumption.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • The average EI beneficiary experienced a 38% drop in wages during a year with EI. The most important offsetting factor was EI; it replaced about 38% of lost wages. The second most important factor was investment income; it replaced about 9% of lost wages. Other income sources played a lesser role.
  • Lower income families received a higher return of their contributions than did higher income families. In fact, families with after-tax income below the median received 34% of total benefits and paid 18% of all premiums in 2007. The study also found that EI halved the incidence of low income among beneficiaries (from 14% to 7%) during that period.

Availability: This report is available upon request

3. The Redistributional Impact of Employment Insurance 2007-2009

Author(s): Ross Finnie, Queen’s University School of Policy Studies; and Ian Irvine, Concordia University for HRSDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): The objective of this study is to investigate the degree to which Canada’s Employment Insurance (EI) program has redistributed purchasing power during the recent economic recession. Precisely, this period of investigation runs from 2007 to 2009, although results from the 2002 to 2006 period are also presented in order to place the recession period in a longer-term context.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • EI redistributes income substantially when the unit of analysis is individual earnings. The lower deciles of the distribution benefit both on the contributions and benefits sides.
  • The quantitative redistributional impact of EI in 2009 appears to be approximately twice the impact of 2007.
  • In 2007 and 2008, Quebec was the largest recipient of benefits (even without accounting for family benefits. However, 2009 saw a reversal of this pattern: Quebec’s benefits increased by 20%, whereas Ontario’s benefits increased by almost 50%, a reflection of how much harder the recession hit the employment sector in Ontario than in Quebec.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

4. Inflation and Fixed Dollar Thresholds: The EI Family Supplement

Author(s): ESDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This paper considers how eligibility for the family supplement provided to EI claimants with family net income below $20,921 may have evolved had the threshold been indexed to a measure of price inflation.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Between 2001 and 2010, the number of households in Canada that would be eligible to receive the family supplement has fallen by nearly 20%. Similarly, the real value of the supplement has declined by approximately 14% over the same time period.
  • If the same index that is used to adjust the maximum insured earnings had been used to index family supplement eligibility, then the threshold for the full family supplement would have been $23,174 in 2010.

Availability: This report is available upon request

5. EI Premium Refund: Trend Analysis 1997 to 2011

Author(s): ESDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This paper considers how the EI premium refund for individuals who have less than $2,000 of insured earnings in a tax year would have evolved had the threshold been indexed to the minimum wage in Canada.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Over time, the number of people who receive the premium refund has fallen from 5.6% of Canadians who filed taxes in 1997 to 3.8% in 2011. The mean value of the refund has also fallen, from $29 in 1997 to $16.70 in 2011. This decrease is primarily due to the steady reduction in the EI premium rate since 1997.
  • In 2011, the estimated number of people who would have received the premium refund under an indexed threshold is approximately 1.1 million people, compared to 622 thousand who actually did receive it. The total dollar amount of the refund would have increased to a high of $27 to $29 million in 2009, about 2.5 times the amount that was actually paid.

Availability: This report is available upon request

6. EI Hiring Credit for Small Businesses: Analysis based on the 2011 T4 file

Author(s): Constantine Kapsalis, Data Probe Economic Consulting Inc. for ESDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This paper provides a description of the firms that benefited from the Hiring Credit for Small Business (HCSB) in 2011.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Approximately 538,750 businesses, representing 61% of all businesses in 2011, received the HCSB. Over 56% of businesses that benefited from the credit had less than 5 employees.
  • The average credit was $386 per recipient business, a reduction of EI premiums by 15.3%, for a total cost of $208 million.

Availability: This report is available upon request

7. EI and Non-Standard Workers: Part-Time, Short-Term and Seasonal Workers

Author(s): HRSDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This study examines the EI eligibility rate at the time of a job separation and regular benefits use by employment type for individuals unemployed due to a work shortage. It contrasts EI characteristics for full-time permanent job separators to separators who were full-time non-permanent, part-time permanent, part-time non-permanent, or seasonal for the years 2005 to 2010.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Full-time permanent job separators have an 85.7% eligibility rate while eligibility rates for job separators from other employment types varied between 64% and 76%.
  • EI eligibility patterns by employment type were very similar to those for insured hours of work.
  • Among separators eligible for EI, 61% used regular EI benefits overall. Full-time permanent job separators had a 68% use rate. Eligible separators from other employment times had use rates lower than 60%.
  • Holding other factors constant, the likelihoods of benefit use by eligible separators were similar for separators from permanent and seasonal jobs. Compared to eligible full-time permanent job separators, eligible non-permanent separators had an 8 to 11 percentage point lower benefit use rate.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

8. Employment Insurance (EI) and Key Socio-Economic Groups

Author(s): HRSDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This papers looks at three indicators of EI access (EI coverage, EI eligibility and EI application) for four key socio-economic groups (women, youth, immigrants and single parents) for the years 2009 and 2010. The objective is to assess the gaps in EI access for the key socio-economic groups and identify the sources of these gaps.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • The EI coverage rate was found to be statistically and significantly lower for women compared to men (63.5% vs. 70.2%), youth (15-24 years) compared to older individuals (59.4% vs. 70.5%), immigrants compared to non-immigrants (56.2% vs. 71.2%), and single parents compared to individuals in other family situations (56.8% vs. 68.7%).
    • The larger share of claimants in the socio-economic groups who had not worked in the last year or who had never worked mainly explained these coverage gaps.
  • The EI eligibility rate was found to be statistically and significantly lower for women compared to men (65.8% vs.72.3%), youth compared to older individuals (29.2% vs. 82.2%) and single parents compared to individuals in other family types (48.3% vs. 71.7%).
    • The higher proportion of women who quit their job without a cause acceptable to the EI program is one of the reasons why their EI eligibility rate is lower. The larger share of youth and single parents who quit their job to go to school, and who did not have enough insured hours mainly explained their lower EI eligibility rate.
  • The EI application rate was statistically and significantly lower for youth compared to older claimants (84.5% vs. 93.4%).

Availability: This report is available upon request.

9. Potential EI Eligibility of Canadian Paid Workers Using the Labour Force Survey

Author(s): Constantine Kapsalis, Data Probe Economic Consulting Inc.

Objective(s): Using the Labour Force Survey, the study estimates the proportion of Canadian paid workers who, in the event of a layoff, would have sufficient insurable hours of work to be eligible for EI benefits. The term paid worker refers to employees who are not self-employed and who are required to pay EI premiums. The main findings of the study are as follows:

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Simulations indicate that 87.0% of individuals who were working as paid workers during the twelve-month period October 2012-September 2013 would have been eligible for EI regular benefits if they had lost their job.
  • There are small differences in the EI eligibility ratio between the two genders and among the various regions.
  • However, there is a significant gap between youth and adults aged 25 to 69 (61.6% versus 92.0% respectively). One reason that may account for this result is that many youth are still in school and often work few hours. Another likely reason is that many youth workers are new entrants to the labour force and, therefore, face a higher entrance requirement (910 hours).
  • There is also a significant gap between full-time and part-time paid workers (58.3% versus 93.4%). The main reason is that fewer part-time workers are able to accumulate enough hours over a 52 week period.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

10. 2013 Actuarial Report on the Employment Insurance Premium Rate

Author(s): Canada Employment Insurance Financing Board (CEIFB), Chief Actuary

Objective(s): This report presents the premium rates for the 2013 MIE, the annual break-even rate and the projections for the EI Operating Account.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Employee premiums increased in 2013 to $1.88 per $100 of insurable earnings, from $1.83 in 2012 and $1.78 in 2011.
  • Accordingly, employer premiums increased in 2013 to $2.63 per $100 of insurable earnings, increasing from $2.56 in 2012.
  • The MIE increased to 47,400 in 2013 from $45,900 in 2012 and $44,200 in 2011.

Availability: This report can be found on the Canada Employment Insurance Financing Board's web site at http://www.ceifb-ofaec.ca/en/PDF_Reports/Rate%20Setting/CA%20English%20Report%202013%20FINAL.pdf

11. Estimates of the Employment Insurance Replacement Rate

Author(s): Constantine Kapsalis, Data Probe Economic Consulting Inc.

Objective(s): This study examines the extent to which EI regular benefits replace the weekly earnings of beneficiaries. In particular, the study estimates the share of regular beneficiaries who receive the maximum 55% replacement rate, as well as the average replacement rate across all regular beneficiaries.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • According to the 2010 EICS, 62% of regular beneficiaries received the maximum replacement rate in 2010. According to the 2009 SLID, the same share of regular beneficiaries (62%) received the maximum replacement rate in 2009.
  • Over a 10-year period, the share of beneficiaries receiving the maximum 55% replacement rate has declined. Based on time trend regression analysis, both surveys show that the share has been declining at an annual rate of 1.5 percentage points.
  • One possible explanation for the declining trend in the above share is that wages in current dollars are increasing faster than the maximum insurable earnings (MIE). This was clearly the case in 2000–2006, during which the MIE was fixed at $39,000. Another possible reason is that the wage gap between unemployed beneficiaries and the average worker has been closing.
  • Differences in the replacement rate between different demographic groups tend to be small. Moreover, the minor differences that are observed are almost entirely due to the correlation of individual characteristics with the level of weekly wages.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

12. Evaluation of the Impacts of the Increase in EI Allowable Earnings Pilot Project: Update Study

Author(s): Stephanie Lluis and Brian P. McCall for ESDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This study measured the impacts of the pilot project in effect between December 11, 2005 and December 6, 2008 in 23 high unemployment EI economic regions for claims who worked while on claim. The pilot project increased the amount a claimant could earn during a week while on claim before receiving a dollar-for-dollar reduction in EI benefits.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • The pilot increased the likelihood of working on claim with full benefits by 96% for men and 69% for women, and increased average weeks working on claim with full benefits by 0.6 weeks for men and by 0.7 weeks for women.
  • The pilot also reduced average total weeks on claim by 1.2 weeks for men and 1.5 weeks for women.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

13. An Evaluation of the EI Pilot Project on Small Weeks, 1998–2001

Author(s): HRSDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This study investigates the effectiveness of the pilot project in encouraging program participants to accept “Small Weeks” of work during the rate calculation period (the 26 weeks preceding the last day of employment); determines the project’s impact on program participants’ earnings and weeks of work; and assesses the project’s impacts on male and female EI benefits claimants separately.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Many EI claimants in the 31 Small Weeks regions benefited from the project.
  • The provision increased total duration of work in the 26 weeks prior to job separation and increased the total average income of male and female participants.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

14. Labour Supply and the Impacts of the Best 14 Weeks Pilot

Author(s): ESDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This paper examines the impact of the Best 14 Weeks pilot project on claimants’ incentives to work.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Approximately 55% of claimants in pilot regions had a higher benefit rate under the pilot. The increase ranged from $14.90 a week in 2006 to $20.90 in 2011.
  • The estimated impact on the number of weeks worked during the rate calculation period was between 0.6 and 0.8 fewer weeks worked as a result of the pilot. However, the impact on the number of weeks worked in the qualification period was insignificant in most years.

Availability: This report is available upon request

15. An Evaluation Overview of Seasonal Employment: Update

Author(s): HRSDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This study provides an overview of seasonal employment in Canada and draws conclusions on the subject of seasonal work.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Based on aggregate Labour Force Survey (LFS) data, it has been estimated that seasonal employment accounts for 2.8% of total employment.
  • The Canadian Out of Employment Panel (COEP) survey estimated seasonal workers made up 15.8 percent of job separations over the 2004 to 2007 period.
  • Seasonal workers are
    • more likely than other workers to be male, to have a lower level of education and to have fewer family dependants;
    • more prominent in eastern provinces and primary industries;
    • less likely to be unionized, to have a medical plan or to have a pension plan; and
    • more likely to expect to return to a previous employer.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

16. Extended Duration of Employment Insurance Regular Benefits: Second Evaluation Update

Author(s): HRSDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): The extended duration of EI regular benefits (EDB) initiative increased EI entitlements for regular claims by five weeks. It was introduced as part of a stimulus package in Budget 2009, along with several other relief measures. This study estimates the effect of EDB on benefit use and exhaustion of entitlements.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Mean weeks of EI benefits received rose with the entitlement increase.
  • The proportion of claimants using additional EDB weeks and their EI exhaustion rates declined with the entitlement increase.
  • From March 9, 2008 until April 4, 2010, the joint effect of the extra EDB weeks used and the increase in entitlement, controlling for other factors, led to an average increase in benefit use of 2.1 weeks.
  • Controlling for the same factors, the average probability of claimants exhausting their EI entitlement decreased by 4.8 percentage points due to the EDB initiative. Specifically, in EI economic regions previously eligible for the two preceding EI pilot projects that extended regular benefit weeks, the average probability of exhausting benefits was 4.4 percentage points lower due to EDB. In non-pilot regions, it was 5.0 percentage points lower.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

17. EI Payments and the GIS System

Author(s): HRSDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This paper assesses the impact of the Guaranteed Income Support (GIS) clawback provisions on overall individual income for EI claimants. It analyzes the interaction between the EI program and the GIS system, as well as how potential changes to Statistics Canada’s Social Policy Simulation Database and Model (SPSD/M) would affect these two programs.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Older workers (aged 55 and older) are generally net beneficiaries of EI regular benefits.
  • Even though workers aged 65 and older contribute more to the program than they receive in benefits, their premiums amount to only about 8% of what older workers in total contribute.
  • Workers between the ages of 55 and 64, who represent the vast majority of older workers, more than offset this by being net beneficiaries.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

18. A Profile of Seasonal Workers in 2011: A Complement to a Profile of Temporary Workers

Author(s): HRSDC, Economic Policy Directorate

Objective(s): This study provides a profile of seasonal workers. It explores their demographics and work characteristics, and their regional and industry distribution using data from the 2011 Labour Force Survey (LFS).

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Between 1997 and 2011, the number of seasonal workers grew steadily and more rapidly than total employment. On average, the number of seasonal workers grew by 43.3%, compared to 26.2% for all employed individuals.
  • Seasonal workers are aging more rapidly than all Canadian workers.
  • Seasonal workers are more likely to be employed in the construction and tourism sectors, with slight variations depending on the season.
  • Seasonal workers are more frequently found in firms with less than 20 employees.
  • Seasonal workers have lower earnings and income than all salaried workers.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

19. Interprovincial Mobility and Earnings

Author(s): André Bernard, Ross Finnie and Benoît St-Jean, Statistics Canada

Objective(s): This study looks at interprovincial migration longitudinally to identify factors that affect the probability that someone will move and to quantify the labour market gains associated with migration. It also compares the situations of migrants and non-migrants.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Factors such as personal and labour market characteristics, as well as moving costs, play a key role in mobility decisions.

Availability: This study can be found on Statistics Canada’s web site at Interprovincial mobility and earnings.

20. The Impact of EI Regional Boundary Revisions on Mobility in New Brunswick: Evidence from the Longitudinal Administrative Databank

Author(s): HRSDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This report investigates whether the change in the generosity of EI that occurred in the eastern region of New Brunswick with the revision of the EI regional boundary in 2000 affected the probability of moving out of that region.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • The impact of the boundary revisions on the decision to move out of the eastern region was not statistically significant, which confirms that EI generosity does not seem to affect mobility decisions.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

21. Regional Out-Migration and Commuting Patterns of Employment Insurance (EI) Claimants

Author(s): HRSDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This paper compares the mobility and commuting behaviour of EI claimants living in high and low unemployment regions. The objective is to determine whether EI claimants residing in high unemployment regions were less mobile than those living in low unemployment regions and whether the mobility gap could be attributed to generosity of EI benefits.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • The study suggested that EI does not impede mobility:
    • Between 2007 and 2011, about 24% of EI claimants were commuters (i.e. their home address and employer’s address were located in two different economic regions) and 7% were movers (i.e. they changed their home economic region between claims).
    • Claimants residing in high unemployment regions (unemployment rate over 12%) were less likely to move (by about 2 percentage points) and more likely to commute (by about 4 percentage points) than claimants residing in lower unemployment regions.
    • The lower likelihood of moving out of high unemployment regions could not be attributed to the longer EI entitlement provided in these regions. And only a small part of the commuting gap (about 1 percentage point) was attributed to the EI entitlement.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

22. The Commuting and Mobility Patterns of Employment Insurance (EI) Recipients and Non-Recipients

Author(s): HRSDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This report investigates whether EI benefits can foster mobility by helping to finance mobility and commuting costs. It also examines the alternative hypothesis—that, by providing a safety net, EI benefits can lower the pressure to move or commute to areas where better job opportunities are available. The objective of this paper was to compare mobility and commuting patterns of EI recipients and non-recipients to shed light on these unresolved questions.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • The study suggested that EI does not discourage workers from being mobile:
    • EI recipients were found to be more likely than non-EI recipients to commute 30 kilometres or more to go to work.
    • EI recipients were more likely to work outside their census subdivision of residence.
    • Also, following a job loss, EI recipients were more likely than non-EI recipients to move more than 100 kilometres away.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

23. Policy-Induced Internal Migration: An Empirical Investigation of the Canadian Case

Author(s): Kathleen M. Day, University of Ottawa, and Stanley L. Winer, Carleton University

Objective(s): This study investigates the influence of public policy on interprovincial migration in Canada.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • The prime determinants of interprovincial migration were differences in earnings, employment prospects and moving costs.
  • EI is not a barrier to mobility, as eliminating regional EI extended benefits and regional EI differences in qualifying requirements would increase the volume of migration by less than 1%.

Availability: This paper can be found through CESifo at POLICY - INDUCED INTERNAL MIGRATION: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE CANADIAN CASE PDF.

24. Results of the 2011 Evaluation Survey of Self-employed People

Author(s): ESDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): The main objective of the survey is to establish a profile of participants and non-participants and explore the issue of awareness of the Special Benefits available to Self-Employed (SBSE) Canadians. To this end, respondents were asked about their reasons for participation or not in the measure, and participants were asked about the registration, claim, and cancellation/termination processes.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Compared to non-participants, SBSE participants are more likely: to be female; under 45 years of age; to report post-secondary education; to be self-employed with no help; to work in the government, education or health care industries; and to report fewer years of self-employment.
  • Self-employed Canadians in general were not well aware of the SBSE Only 25.4% of non-participants had heard of the SBSE measure prior to the survey interview.
  • Respondents most often heard about the SBSE measure from the media or word-of-mouth. Almost one-quarter of participants first heard of the SBSE measure via a federal government website (ESDC or Service Canada).
  • Less than half of non-participants (45.7%) indicated they would consider registering for the SBSE; 18.6% were unsure. Reasons related to age (being at or near retirement), insufficient earnings or no longer being self-employed were cited by 29.6% of those who did not intend on participating. No need for the insurance was reported by 22.1%. Another one-fifth reported insufficient information about the SBSE.
  • Overall, participants were satisfied with the registration process (77.9%), and claimants were satisfied with the claims process (69.7%). There were two main reasons for cancellation or termination of agreements: uncertainty regarding program requirements and aspects of the measure such as benefit level and the payment of premiums (49.0%); and no need for the insurance, due to changes in circumstances (38.7%).

Availability: This report is available upon request.

25. Use of EI Regular and Special Benefits by Maternity and Parental Claimants

Author(s): ESDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This study examines the use of EI special and regular benefits by maternity and parental claimants. The objective is to determine the extent to which these claimants combine benefits and how. Given that Quebec introduced the Quebec Parental Insurance Plan in 2006, the focus of the report is on claims from Canada outside of Quebec.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • The number of maternity/parental claims rose by 17.5% from 2002/03 to 2010/11. Most noticeable is the increase in parental claims for males, which rose by 43.1% from 18,830 to 26,950 over the same period.
  • Most claimants did not combine benefits. For males, 84.5% of the parental claims were not combined with any other type of claims. When benefits were combined, males most often combined parental benefits with regular benefits (11.2%). When males combined parental benefits with sickness or regular benefits, the parental benefits were paid first in about half of the claims. The overall duration of claims averaged 20 weeks and duration was longer when the parental benefits were not paid first.
  • For females, the proportion of claims representing maternity/parental benefits only was 82.7%. When benefits were combined, females most often combined maternity/parental benefits with sickness benefits (11.9%). When sickness benefits were combined with maternity/parental benefits, almost all claims paid sickness benefits first (98.3%). The overall duration of claims averaged 47.6 weeks.
  • Working in occupations requiring university education or a high level of skill for management positions decreased the likelihood of combining benefits. As insured earnings and insured hours increased there was a decrease in the likelihood that claimants would combine benefits.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

26. 2013 Actuarial Report on the Reduction in EI Premiums for Employers with Wage-Loss Plans

Author(s): Canada Employment Insurance Financing Board (CEIFB).

Objective(s): This report presents the details of the methodology and calculations that support the rates of premium reduction that will apply to employers with registered wage-loss replacement plans in 2013.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Employers who participated in the EI Premium Reduction Program received a total of $918 million in EI premium reductions in 2012.

27. Compassionate Care Benefits

Author(s): HRSDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): The report provides an overview of compassionate care benefits (CCB). It also provides a socio-economic profile of CCB applicants and claimants and specific claim characteristics. Data are updated from previous reports. Due to the small number of claims established by self-employed applicants in 2011/12, the report does not cover the use of compassionate care benefits by self-employed individuals.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • The acceptance rate averaged 63.7% since the extension of family definition in 2006.
  • The main reasons for applicants not qualifying for CC benefits remain unchanged: the family member is not at significant risk of death, the patient dies before the benefit is paid or the claimant does not provide an acceptable medical certificate.
  • The study also found that in 2011/12, CCB applicants caring for a spouse or partner were more likely to have their claims approved than those caring for a parent, sibling or other type of family relation (excluding children).
  • The mortality rate of care recipients remains the main factor affecting how much of the six-week CCB period claimants use. If the care recipient passes away while the claimant is receiving CCB, the claimant does not receive the full six weeks.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

28. Usage of the Work-Sharing Program: 1990/91 to 2011/12

Author(s): HRSDC, Evaluation Directorate

Objective(s): This report examines the usage of the Work-Sharing program from 1990/91 to 2011/12. Specifically, it examines the extent to which the Work-Sharing program is used, expenditures on Work-Sharing benefits, and the characteristics and experiences of Work-Sharing participants.

Key finding(s) referenced in the report:

  • Work-Sharing usage and expenditures are counter-cyclical.
  • By using data on the annual number of Work-Sharing claimants and the average work reduction due to Work-Sharing agreements, it was estimated that the number of layoffs averted in 2011/12 due to the Work-Sharing program was around 6,600 down from 35,000 in 2009/10.

Availability: This report is available upon request.

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