Annex 1: Key labour market statistics

Official title:  Employment Insurance Monitoring and Assessment Report for the fiscal year beginning April 1, 2021 and ending March 31, 2022: Annex 1: Key labour market statistics

In this section

• List of abbreviations
• Annex 1.1 – Key labour market statistics: Concepts and definitions
• Annex 1.2 – Key labour market statistics
• Annex 1.3 – Employment
• Annex 1.4 – Unemployment
• Annex 1.5 – Unemployment rate
• Annex 1.6 – Average duration of unemployment
• Annex 1.7 – Job vacancies
• Annex 1.8 – Job vacancy rates
• Annex 1.9 – Average hourly wage rate

List of abbreviations

This is the complete list of abbreviations for the Employment Insurance Monitoring and Assessment Report for the fiscal year beginning April 1, 2021 and ending March 31, 2022.

Abbreviations

AD

Appeal Division

ADR

Alternative Dispute Resolution

AI

Artificial Intelligence

ASETS

Aboriginal Skills and Employment Training Strategy

B

Beneficiary

B/C Ratio

Benefits-to-Contributions ratio

B/U

Beneficiary-to-Unemployed (ratio)

B/UC

Beneficiary-to-Unemployed Contributor (ratio)

BDM

Benefits Delivery Modernization

CAWS

Client Access Workstation Services

CCAJ

Connecting Canadians with Available Jobs

CCDA

Canadian Council of Directors of Apprenticeship

CCIS

Corporate Client Information Service

CEGEP

College of General and Professional Teaching

CEIC

Canada Employment Insurance Commission

CERB

Canada Emergency Response Benefit

CESB

Canada Emergency Student Benefit

CEWB

Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy

COEP

Canadian Out of Employment Panel Survey

COLS

Community Outreach and Liaison Service

CPP

Canada Pension Plan

CRA

Canada Revenue Agency

CRB

Canada Recovery Benefit

CRCB

Canada Recovery Caregiving Benefit

CRF

Consolidated Revenue Fund

CRSB

Canada Recovery Sickness Benefit

CSO

Citizen Service Officer

CWLB

Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit

CX

Client Experience

EAS

Employment Assistance Services

EBSM

Employment Benefits and Support Measures

ECC

Employer Contact Centre

EI

Employment Insurance

EI-ERB

Employment Insurance Emergency Response Benefit

EICS

Employment Insurance Coverage Survey

EIPR

Employment Insurance Premium Ratio

eROE

Electronic Record of Employment

ESDC

Employment and Social Development Canada

eSIN

Electronic Social Insurance Number

FY

Fiscal Year

G7

Group of Seven

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GIS

Guaranteed Income Supplements

HCCS

Hosted Contact Centre Solution

HR

Human Resources

ID

Identification

IQF

Individual Quality Feedback

IS

Income Security

ISET

Indigenous Skills and Employment Training

IVR

Interactive Voice Response

JCP

Job Creation Partnerships

LFS

Labour Force Survey

LMDA

Labour Market Development Agreements

LMI

Labour Market Information

LMP

Labour Market Partnerships

LWF

Longitudinal Worker File

MAR

Monitoring and Assessment Report

MBM

Market Basket Measure

MIE

Maximum Insurable Earnings

MSCA

My Service Canada Account

NAICS

North American Industry Classification System

NESI

National Essential Skills Initiative

NIS

National Investigative Services

NOM

National Operating Model

NQCP

National Quality and Coaching Program

OAG

Office of the Auditor General of Canada

OAS

Old Age Security

OSC

Outreach Support Centre

PAAR

Payment Accuracy Review

PEAQ

Processing Excellence, Accuracy and Quality

PPE

Premium-paid eligible individuals

PRAR

Processing Accuracy Review

PRP

Premium Reduction Program

PTs

Provinces and Territories

QPIP

Quebec Parental Insurance Plan

RAIS

Registered Apprenticeship Information System

RCMP

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

R&I

Research and Innovation

ROE

Record of Employment

ROE Web

Record of employment on the web

RPA

Robotics Process Automation

SAT

Secure Automated Transfer

SCC

Service Canada Centre

SD

Skills Development

SD-A

Skills Development – Apprenticeship

SD-R

Skills Development – Regular

SDP

Service Delivery Partner

SEPH

Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours

SIN

Social Insurance Number

SIR

Social Insurance Registry

SRS

Simple Random Sampling

SST

Social Security Tribunal

STDP

Short-term disability plan

SUB

Supplemental Unemployment Benefit

TRF

Targeting, Referral and Feedback

TTY

Teletypewriter

TWS

Targeted Wage Subsidies

U

Unemployed

UC

Unemployed contributor

UV

Unemployment-to-vacancy

VBW

Variable Best Weeks

VER

Variable Entrance Requirement

VRI

Video Remote Interpretation

WCAG

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

WWC

Working While on Claim

Annex 1.1 – Key labour market statistics: Concepts and definitions

Chapter I and annex 1 provide information on the labour force, employment, unemployment, participation rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, job vacancies and job vacancy rate. These concepts are defined below.

Labour force

The labour force is comprised of those members of the civilian non-institutional population 15 years of age and over who were employed or unemployed during the Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey reference week.

Persons who are not in the labour force include those who were either unable to work or unavailable for work. They also include persons who were without work and who had neither actively looked for work in the past 4 weeks nor had a job to start within 4 weeks of the reference week.

Employment

Employed persons are those who, during the Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey reference week:

• did any work at all at a job or business, that is, paid work in the context of an employer-employee relationship, or self-employment (it also includes persons who did unpaid family work, which is defined as unpaid work contributing directly to the operation of a farm, business or professional practice owned and operated by a related member of the same household), or
• had a job but were not at work due to factors such as their own illness or disability, personal or family responsibilities, vacation or a labour dispute (this excludes persons not at work because they were on layoff or between casual jobs, and those who did not then have a job even if they had a job to start at a future date)

Unemployment

Unemployed persons are those who, during the Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey reference week:

• were without work but had looked for work in the past 4 weeks (ending with the reference week) and were available for work
• were on temporary layoff due to business conditions, with an expectation of recall (either because they have a definite date to return to work or because they have an indication from their employer that they will be recalled in the future) and were available for work, or
• had not actively looked for work in the past 4 weeks but had a job to start within 4 weeks from the reference week and were available for work

Participation rate

The participation rate is defined as the labour force expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

Participation rates can be examined by characteristics such as province, gender or age. The participation rate for a particular group is the labour force in that group expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over for that group.

Employment rate

The employment rate is defined as the number of employed persons expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

Employment rates can be examined by characteristics such as province, age or gender. The employment rate for a particular group is the number employed in that group expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over for that group.

Unemployment rate

The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force.

Unemployment rates can be examined by characteristics such as province, age or gender. The unemployment rate for a particular group is the number unemployed in that group expressed as a percentage of the labour force for that group.

Job vacancies

A job is vacant if it meets the following conditions:

• it is vacant on the reference date (first day of the month) or will become vacant during the month
• there are tasks to be carried out during the month for the job in question, and
• the employer is actively seeking a worker outside the organization to fill the job

The job could be full-time, part-time, permanent, temporary, casual, or seasonal. Jobs reserved for subcontractors, external consultants, or other workers who are not considered employees, are excluded.

Job vacancy rate

The number of job vacancies expressed as a percentage of labour demand; for example, all occupied and vacant jobs.

Sources: Statistics Canada, "Guide to the Labour Force Survey", catalogue no. 71-543-G, Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2020. Statistics Canada, "Labour Force Information: February 9 to 15, 2020", Catalogue no. 71-001-X, Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2020. Statistics Canada, "Guide to the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey", Catalogue no. 75-514-G, Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2020.

Annex 1.2 – Key labour market statistics

Annex 1.2 – Key labour market statistics¹

Category	FY1920r	FY2021r	FY2122	February 2020r	March 2022	Change (%) February 2020 to March 2022
Population 2 (levels in thousands)	30,805.0	31,118.5	31,419.5	30,949.1	31,626.8	+2.2
Labour force (levels in thousands)	20,268.3	20,023.8	20,580.6	20,393.9	20,759.5	+1.8
Employment (levels in thousands)	19,075.8	17,990.9	19,178.3	19,223.4	19,663.3	+2.3
Unemployment (levels in thousands)	1,192.6	2,032.9	1,402.3	1,170.5	1,096.3	-6.3
Unemployment rate (%)	5.9	10.2	6.8	5.7	5.3	-0.5
Participation rate (%)	65.8	64.3	65.5	65.9	65.6	-0.3
Employment rate (%)	61.9	57.8	61.0	62.1	62.2	+0.1

• Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Changes in percentage and percentage points are based on unrounded numbers.
• ¹ Statistics exclude the territories.
• ² Number of working-age persons, 15 years of age and older.
• ^r Revised data
• Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Table 14-10-0287-01, seasonally adjusted data.

Annex 1.3 – Employment

Annex 1.3 – Employment by province or territory, gender, age, educational attainment, industry, employment type, class of workers and job permanency (levels in thousands)

Category1	FY1920r	FY2021r	FY2122	February 2020r	March 2022	Change (%) February 2020 to March 2022
Newfoundland and Labrador	227.7	214.3	224.7	226.5	229.7	+1.4
Prince Edward Island	80.2	76.3	81.2	81.3	84.4	+3.8
Nova Scotia	463.8	446.0	470.6	468.8	478.5	+2.1
New Brunswick	363.4	353.0	364.2	369.0	369.5	+0.1
Quebec	4,318.3	4,077.7	4,321.9	4,359.2	4,411.6	+1.2
Ontario	7,427.3	6,995.4	7,506.6	7,503.7	7,750.0	+3.3
Manitoba	660.8	628.9	664.8	668.8	673.9	+0.8
Saskatchewan	575.6	543.9	567.8	576.8	578.5	+0.3
Alberta	2,297.6	2,136.5	2,290.7	2,302.7	2,350.3	+2.1
British Columbia	2,661.0	2,519.0	2,685.9	2,666.7	2,737.0	+2.6
Yukon2	23.3	21.7	22.8	22.6	23.1	+2.2
Northwest Territories2	23.0	21.9	23.8	22.5	25.1	+11.6
Nunavut2	13.5	12.1	13.9	13.7	13.2	-3.6
Men	10,031.2	9,518.8	10,075.9	10,101.4	10,311.2	+2.1
Women	9,044.5	8,472.1	9,102.3	9,122.0	9,352.0	+2.5
15 to 24 years	2,593.0	2,192.0	2,545.9	2,632.8	2,659.0	+1.0
25 to 54 years	12,304.6	11,811.8	12,452.7	12,365.8	12,756.7	+3.2
55 years and older	4,178.2	3,987.1	4,179.6	4,224.7	4,247.5	+0.5
Less than high school3	1,540.1	1,294.4	1,407.4	1,461.5	1,410.5	-3.5
High school diploma4	4,592.2	4,199.6	4,397.3	4,590.5	4,409.8	-3.9
Post-secondary certificate or diploma5	6,823.6	6,279.9	6,692.7	6,648.5	6,766.8	+1.8
University degree6	6,123.9	6,215.0	6,672.7	6,225.3	6,808.6	+9.4
Goods-producing industries	3,988.3	3,788.9	3,947.3	3,845.8	3,929.7	+2.2
Agriculture	294.6	274.9	253.8	274.7	238.2	-13.3
Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	325.6	308.1	327.8	312.0	329.2	+5.5
Utilities	133.2	134.0	138.9	134.6	137.9	+2.5
Construction	1,489.6	1,397.4	1,468.6	1,407.3	1,452.2	+3.2
Manufacturing	1,745.3	1,674.6	1,758.2	1,717.3	1,772.2	+3.2
Services-producing industries	15,091.5	14,200.0	15,222.8	15,079.9	15,465.9	+2.6
Wholesale and retail trade	2,928.1	2,742.7	2,937.1	2,924.8	3,002.3	+2.6
Transportation and warehousing	1,030.8	934.3	989.8	1,021.2	967.8	-5.2
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing	1,243.4	1,254.9	1,339.5	1,247.0	1,343.5	+7.7
Professional, scientific and technical services	1,567.7	1,580.1	1,715.1	1,558.5	1,757.7	+12.8
Business, building and other support services7	749.1	670.5	684.3	719.4	659.7	-8.3
Educational services	1,326.0	1,352.0	1,459.5	1,414.2	1,536.9	+8.7
Health care and social assistance	2,481.1	2,404.1	2,551.4	2,507.0	2,602.5	+3.8
Information, culture and recreation8	772.8	658.4	747.1	747.6	777.6	+4.0
Accommodation and food services	1,197.7	893.7	986.7	1,172.1	1,010.6	-13.8
Other services (except public administration)	782.7	692.8	716.3	776.6	710.8	-8.5
Public administration	1,012.3	1,016.6	1,096.1	991.6	1,096.5	+10.6
Full-time employment9	15,493.7	14,770.5	15,635.7	15,618.2	16,022.4	+2.6
Part-time employment10	3,582.0	3,220.4	3,542.6	3,605.1	3,640.9	+1.0
Employees	16,251.9	15,285.2	16,525.1	16,151.1	16,766.0	+3.8
Public sector employees	3,765.0	3,785.7	4,069.8	3,815.2	4,168.4	+9.3
Private sector employees	12,487.0	11,499.5	12,455.3	12,335.9	12,597.6	+2.1
Self-employed	2,827.9	2,703.8	2,645.1	2,774.6	2,629.7	-5.2
Employees	16,251.9	15,285.2	16,525.1	16,151.1	16,766.0	+3.8
Permanent employees11	14,183.7	13,549.7	14,533.9	14,248.3	14,879.1	+4.4
Temporary employees12	2,068.2	1,735.4	1,991.1	1,902.8	1,886.8	-0.8
Canada	19,075.8	17,990.9	19,178.3	19,223.4	19,663.3	+2.3

• Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding.
• ¹ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender, age, educational attainment, industry, employment type, class of workers and job permanency) also excludes territorial data.
• ² Figures for the territories are calculated based on three-month moving averages using seasonally adjusted monthly data produced by Statistics Canada.
• ³ Includes zero to eight years of education and some high school.
• ⁴ Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
• ⁵ Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
• ⁶ Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
• ⁷ This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ⁸ This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ⁹ Full-time employment consists of persons who usually work 30 hours or more per week at their main or only job.
• ¹⁰ Part-time employment consists of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week at their main or only job.
• ¹¹ A permanent job is one that is expected to last as long as the employee wants it, if business conditions permit—that is, there is no predetermined end date.
• ¹² A temporary job has a predetermined end date or will end as soon as a specified project is completed. This category includes seasonal jobs; temporary, term or contract jobs, including work done through a temporary help agency; casual jobs; and other temporary work.
• ^r: Revised data
• Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Tables 14-10-0019-01, unadjusted (for data by educational attainment); 14-10-0022-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by industry); 14-10-0026-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by class of workers); 14-10-0071-01, unadjusted (for data by job permanency); 14-10-0287-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to provinces, by gender, age and employment type); and 14-10-0292-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to territories).

Annex 1.4 – Unemployment

Annex 1.4 – Unemployment by province or territory, gender, age, educational attainment, industry, reasons for unemployment and unemployment duration (levels in thousands)

Category1	FY1920r	FY2021r	FY2122	February 2020r	March 2022	Change (%) February 2020 to March 2022
Newfoundland and Labrador	31.7	37.2	33.7	32.0	35.4	+10.6
Prince Edward Island	7.4	9.3	8.9	7.2	7.9	+9.7
Nova Scotia	39.2	49.0	41.3	41.5	35.8	-13.7
New Brunswick	32.1	42.0	35.0	29.0	28.5	-1.7
Quebec	239.1	415.2	249.6	207.8	191.3	-7.9
Ontario	449.8	818.3	597.8	442.7	435.7	-1.6
Manitoba	37.6	59.2	40.5	36.4	33.3	-8.5
Saskatchewan	35.4	50.2	36.5	39.5	30.6	-22.5
Alberta	175.7	289.1	189.7	180.6	155.7	-13.8
British Columbia	144.4	263.4	169.4	153.8	142.2	-7.5
Yukon2	1.0	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.4	+27.3
Northwest Territories2	1.7	2.3	1.4	1.9	1.3	-31.6
Nunavut2	2.2	2.2	1.9	1.9	2.6	+36.8
Men	655.2	1,093.8	760.2	647.2	562.4	-13.1
Women	537.4	939.1	642.2	523.3	533.8	+2.0
15 to 24 years	331.9	581.4	345.2	310.7	268.4	-13.6
25 to 54 years	634.5	1,070.1	735.4	625.1	589.0	-5.8
55 years and older	226.1	381.4	321.8	234.7	238.8	+1.7
Less than high school3	199.4	274.5	209.1	186.7	196.3	+5.1
High school diploma4	370.9	676.4	432.8	395.6	352.8	-10.8
Post-secondary certificate or diploma5	347.9	616.7	433.4	360.7	365.3	+1.3
University degree6	273.8	465.9	329.2	271.6	257.0	-5.4
Goods-producing industries7	219.6	345.6	192.2	266.3	201.8	-24.2
Agriculture	13.1	14.6	13.2	23.6	17.5	-25.8
Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	26.7	40.2	22.1	26.4	18.5	-29.9
Utilities	2.6	2.9	2.8	4.6	2.5	-45.7
Construction	104.3	151.2	83.8	124.4	100.9	-18.9
Manufacturing	73.0	136.9	71.0	87.3	62.5	-28.4
Services-producing industries7	561.2	1,183.3	542.8	516.9	474.0	-8.3
Wholesale and retail trade	118.2	252.7	115.2	126.8	94.7	-25.3
Transportation and warehousing	35.6	83.9	40.0	35.3	46.0	+30.3
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing	21.3	47.1	20.4	20.9	17.9	-14.4
Professional, scientific and technical services	43.9	87.3	36.8	42.2	24.5	-41.9
Business, building and other support services8	49.3	87.9	43.7	49.7	47.5	-4.4
Educational services	56.8	92.4	59.3	25.1	43.7	+74.1
Health care and social assistance	44.4	93.4	47.6	33.3	48.6	+45.9
Information, culture and recreation9	50.3	112.9	54.5	49.3	46.0	-6.7
Accommodation and food services	89.5	227.2	73.9	79.3	65.3	-17.7
Other services (except public administration)	29.2	69.0	28.6	30.8	19.0	-38.3
Public administration	22.8	29.4	22.8	24.2	20.7	-14.5
Unclassified industries10	411.2	504.5	669.6	431.3	495.7	+14.9
Reasons for unemployment: People who have left their job	239.9	238.9	176.5	219.1	183.6	-16.2
Reasons for unemployment: People who have lost their job	540.9	1,290.1	558.5	564.0	492.2	-12.7
Reasons for unemployment: People who have not worked in the last year or who have never worked	411.2	504.5	669.6	431.3	495.7	+14.9
Duration of unemployment11: 1 to 4 weeks	496.2	580.0	450.0	473.1	408.7	-13.6
Duration of unemployment11: 5 to 13 weeks	304.2	637.2	326.0	296.9	266.6	-10.2
Duration of unemployment11: 14 to 26 weeks	164.9	409.8	198.5	171.0	134.8	-21.2
Duration of unemployment11: 27 weeks or more	167.1	342.7	360.9	178.7	222.1	+24.3
Duration of unemployment11: 52 weeks or more	89.1	123.5	223.2	98.6	129.0	+30.8
Duration of unemployment11: unknown12	60.3	63.1	66.9	50.7	64.0	+26.2
Canada	1,192.6	2,032.9	1,402.3	1,170.5	1,096.3	-6.3

• Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Monthly data that are confidential under the Statistics Act are excluded from the calculation of the fiscal year average.
• ¹ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender, age, educational attainment, industry, reason for unemployment and duration of unemployment) also excludes territorial data.
• ² Figures for the territories are calculated based on three-month moving averages using seasonally adjusted monthly data produced by Statistics Canada.
• ³ Includes zero to eight years of education and some high school.
• ⁴ Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
• ⁵ Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
• ⁶ Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
• ⁷ Information is provided for the last job held, providing the person worked within the previous twelve months.
• ⁸ This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ⁹ This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ¹⁰ People who have not worked in the last year or who have never worked are not classified as belonging to any industry.
• ¹¹ Duration of unemployment is the number of continuous weeks during which a person has been without work and is looking for work, or is on temporary layoff.
• ¹² Duration of unemployment is not reported for unemployed people who reported having a job to start in the next four weeks under the Labour Force Survey.
• ^r: Revised data
• Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Tables 14-10-0019-01, unadjusted (for data by educational attainment); 14-10-0022-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by industry); 14-10-0342-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by duration of unemployment); 14-10-0125-01, unadjusted (for data by reason for unemployment); 14-10-0287-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to provinces, by gender and age); and 14-10-0292-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to territories).

Annex 1.5 – Unemployment rate

Annex 1.5 – Unemployment rate by province or territory, gender, age, educational attainment and industry (%)

Category1	FY1920r	FY2021r	FY2122	February 2020r	March 2022	Change (% points) February 2020 to March 2022
Newfoundland and Labrador	12.2	14.8	13.0	12.4	13.4	+1.0
Prince Edward Island	8.4	10.9	9.9	8.1	8.6	+0.4
Nova Scotia	7.8	9.9	8.1	8.1	7.0	-1.2
New Brunswick	8.1	10.6	8.8	7.3	7.2	-0.1
Quebec	5.2	9.2	5.5	4.6	4.2	-0.4
Ontario	5.7	10.5	7.4	5.6	5.3	-0.2
Manitoba	5.4	8.6	5.7	5.2	4.7	-0.5
Saskatchewan	5.8	8.5	6.0	6.4	5.0	-1.4
Alberta	7.1	11.9	7.6	7.3	6.2	-1.1
British Columbia	5.1	9.5	5.9	5.5	4.9	-0.5
Yukon2	4.2	6.2	5.5	4.6	5.7	+1.1
Northwest Territories2	7.0	9.4	5.7	7.8	4.9	-2.8
Nunavut2	14.1	15.2	11.9	12.2	16.5	+4.3
Men	6.1	10.3	7.0	6.0	5.2	-0.8
Women	5.6	10.0	6.6	5.4	5.4	0.0
15 to 24 years	11.3	21.0	11.9	10.6	9.2	-1.4
25 to 54 years	4.9	8.3	5.6	4.8	4.4	-0.4
55 years and older	5.1	8.7	7.1	5.3	5.3	+0.1
Less than high school3	11.5	17.5	12.9	11.3	12.2	+0.9
High school diploma4	7.5	13.9	9.0	7.9	7.4	-0.5
Post-secondary certificate or diploma5	4.9	8.9	6.1	5.1	5.1	0.0
University degree6	4.3	7.0	4.7	4.2	3.6	-0.5
Goods-producing industries	5.2	8.4	4.6	6.5	4.9	-1.6
Agriculture	4.3	5.0	4.9	7.9	6.8	-1.1
Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	7.6	11.5	6.3	7.8	5.3	-2.5
Utilities	1.9	2.1	2.0	3.3	1.8	-1.5
Construction	6.5	9.8	5.4	8.1	6.5	-1.6
Manufacturing	4.0	7.6	3.9	4.8	3.4	-1.4
Services-producing industries	3.6	7.7	3.4	3.3	3.0	-0.3
Wholesale and retail trade	3.9	8.4	3.8	4.2	3.1	-1.1
Transportation and warehousing	3.3	8.2	3.9	3.3	4.5	+1.2
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing	1.7	3.6	1.5	1.6	1.3	-0.3
Professional, scientific and technical services	2.7	5.2	2.1	2.6	1.4	-1.3
Business, building and other support services7	6.2	11.6	6.0	6.5	6.7	+0.3
Educational services	4.1	6.4	3.9	1.7	2.8	+1.0
Health care and social assistance	1.8	3.7	1.8	1.3	1.8	+0.5
Information, culture and recreation8	6.1	14.6	6.8	6.2	5.6	-0.6
Accommodation and food services	7.0	20.3	7.0	6.3	6.1	-0.3
Other services (except public administration)	3.6	9.1	3.8	3.8	2.6	-1.2
Public administration	2.2	2.8	2.0	2.4	1.9	-0.5
Canada	5.9	10.2	6.8	5.7	5.3	-0.5

• Note: Monthly data that are confidential under the Statistics Act are excluded from the calculation of the annual average.
• ¹ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender, age, educational attainment and industry) also excludes territorial data.
• ² Figures for the territories are calculated based on three-month moving averages using seasonally adjusted monthly data produced by Statistics Canada.
• ³ Includes zero to eight years of education and some high school.
• ⁴ Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
• ⁵ Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
• ⁶ Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
• ⁷ This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ⁸ This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ^r: Revised data
• Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Tables 14-10-0019-01, unadjusted (for data by educational attainment); 14-10-0022-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by industry); and 14-10-0287-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to provinces, by gender, age and employment type); and 14-10-0292-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to territories).

Annex 1.6 – Average duration of unemployment

Annex 1.6 – Average duration of unemployment^1,2 by province, gender and age (number of weeks)

Category3	FY1920r	FY2021r	FY2122	February 2020r	March 2022	Change (%) February 2020 to March 2022
Newfoundland and Labrador	17.2	18.5	21.6	18.5	18.9	+2.2
Prince Edward Island	15.6	14.9	17.2	14.5	15.7	+8.3
Nova Scotia	15.7	19.8	21.7	15.5	17.2	+11.0
New Brunswick	14.7	16.2	19.1	19.3	15.4	-20.2
Quebec	16.3	14.8	19.0	16.5	15.8	-4.2
Ontario	15.7	17.5	23.0	16.0	21.7	+35.6
Manitoba	16.1	15.4	20.5	17.8	22.6	+27.0
Saskatchewan	17.9	18.2	23.1	19.0	16.7	-12.1
Alberta	19.5	20.2	27.7	20.3	23.5	+15.8
British Columbia	12.1	17.5	20.2	13.6	18.2	+33.8
Men	16.9	18.3	23.2	17.3	20.9	+20.8
Women	15.1	16.3	21.2	15.6	18.4	+17.9
15 to 24 years old	9.5	12.7	12.9	10.9	12.5	+14.7
25 to 54 years old	16.6	18.4	23.5	16.9	20.9	+23.7
55 years old and over	24.2	22.0	29.4	23.2	26.2	+12.9
Canada	16.1	17.4	22.3	16.7	19.6	+17.4

• ¹ Duration of unemployment is the number of continuous weeks during which a person has been without work and is looking for work, or is on temporary layoff.
• ² Average weeks of unemployment is calculated with no upper limit to length of unemployment.
• ³ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender and age) also excludes territorial data.
• ^r Revised data
• Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Table 14-10-0342-01, seasonally adjusted data.

Annex 1.7 – Job vacancies

Annex 1.7 – Job vacancies by province or territory, industry, job type, job permanency and vacancy duration

Category	Last two quarters of FY1920r	Last two quarters of FY2021r	Last two quarters of FY2122	Change (%) Last two quarters of FY2021 to FY2122
Newfoundland and Labrador	4,515	4,395	6,863	+56.1
Prince Edward Island	1,770	1,760	3,245	+84.4
Nova Scotia	11,008	12,903	19,353	+50.0
New Brunswick	9,145	11,038	13,990	+26.7
Quebec	127,570	147,663	231,255	+56.6
Ontario	189,195	203,300	342,510	+68.5
Manitoba	16,145	17,853	26,643	+49.2
Saskatchewan	11,028	11,310	20,038	+77.2
Alberta	46,908	47,545	87,045	+83.1
British Columbia	91,633	97,100	149,033	+53.5
Yukon	880	805	1,243	+54.3
Northwest Territories	480	730	1,305	+78.8
Nunavut	395	445	443	-0.6
Goods-producing industries	93,963	110,333	176,858	+60.3
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	12,070	11,743	13,493	+14.9
Mining and quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,030	4,520	8,173	+80.8
Utilities	1,903	1,583	2,558	+61.6
Construction	33,840	42,898	70,565	+64.5
Manufacturing	42,120	49,590	82,070	+65.5
Services-producing industries	416,713	446,518	726,108	+62.6
Wholesale trade	21,930	22,045	34,548	+56.7
Retail trade	59,170	70,993	99,643	+40.4
Transportation and warehousing	25,770	29,148	44,085	+51.2
Finance and insurance	21,970	23,038	33,568	+45.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	7,645	6,393	10,858	+69.8
Professional, scientific and technical services	39,193	42,828	67,510	+57.6
Business, building and other support services1	39,075	41,893	65,175	+55.6
Educational services	14,908	15,953	22,290	+39.7
Health care and social assistance	67,493	99,530	130,785	+31.4
Information, culture and recreation2	24,480	17,163	33,893	+97.5
Accommodation and food services	61,013	47,760	132,463	+177.4
Other services (except public administration)	23,498	20,538	36,758	+79.0
Public administration	10,570	9,240	14,535	+57.3
Full-time positions3	370,390	401,165	670,868	+67.2
Part-time positions4	140,285	155,683	232,098	+49.1
Permanent positions5	409,403	433,245	763,320	+76.2
Temporary positions6	101,273	123,603	139,648	+13.0
Seasonal positions7	65,953	69,545	80,893	+16.3
Duration: less than 15 days	124,473	145,693	154,845	+6.3
Duration: 15 to 29 days	94,700	109,473	150,545	+37.5
Duration: 30 to 59 days	84,263	101,550	167,435	+64.9
Duration: 60 to 89 days	39,570	50,828	98,018	+92.8
Duration: 90 days or more	105,395	149,305	332,123	+122.4
Canada	510,675	556,848	902,965	+62.2

• Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Percentage change is based on unrounded numbers.
• ¹ This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ² This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ³ A full-time vacant position consists of position which requires 30 or more hours of work per week.
• ⁴ A part-time vacant position consists of position which requires less than 30 hours of work per week.
• ⁵ A permanent position consists of a position which is expected to last as long as the employee wants it, given that business conditions permit. That is, there is no pre-determined termination date.
• ⁶ A temporary position consists of a position which has a predetermined end date, or will end as soon as a specified project is completed.
• ⁷ A seasonal position is a temporary position which is linked to a recurring event (e.g., public holidays) or time of the year (e.g., summertime).
• ^r Revised data
• Sources: Statistics Canada, Job Vacancy and Wage Survey, Tables 14-10-0326-01, seasonally unadjusted data (for data by industry and province or territory) and 14-10-0328-01, seasonally unadjusted data (for data by job vacancy type, job permanency and job vacancy duration).

Annex 1.8 – Job vacancy rates

Annex 1.8 – Job vacancy rates by province or territory and industry (%)

Category	Last two quarters of FY1920r	Last two quarters of FY2021r	Last two quarters of FY2122	Change (% points) Last two quarters of FY2021 to FY2122
Newfoundland and Labrador	2.3	2.3	3.5	+1.2
Prince Edward Island	2.7	2.9	4.8	+2.0
Nova Scotia	2.7	3.3	4.6	+1.4
New Brunswick	3.0	3.6	4.4	+0.8
Quebec	3.4	4.2	5.9	+1.8
Ontario	2.9	3.4	5.2	+1.8
Manitoba	2.7	3.1	4.4	+1.3
Saskatchewan	2.4	2.5	4.1	+1.6
Alberta	2.3	2.6	4.4	+1.8
British Columbia	3.9	4.4	6.1	+1.8
Yukon	4.9	4.6	6.5	+1.9
Northwest Territories	2.2	3.6	6.0	+2.4
Nunavut	2.8	3.1	2.9	-0.3
Goods-producing industries	2.9	3.2	4.6	+1.4
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5.2	5.0	5.6	+0.6
Mining and quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2.0	2.4	4.0	+1.6
Utilities	1.5	1.3	2.0	+0.7
Construction	3.2	4.1	6.1	+2.0
Manufacturing	2.6	3.3	5.1	+1.9
Services-producing industries	3.0	3.3	5.0	+1.7
Wholesale trade	2.6	2.8	4.2	+1.4
Retail trade	2.9	3.6	4.8	+1.2
Transportation and warehousing	3.1	3.7	5.4	+1.7
Finance and insurance	2.8	3.1	4.1	+1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	2.5	2.5	3.8	+1.4
Professional, scientific and technical services	3.8	4.2	5.8	+1.6
Business, building and other support services1	3.1	3.5	5.3	+1.9
Educational services	1.0	1.2	1.6	+0.4
Health care and social assistance	3.2	4.6	5.7	+1.1
Information, culture and recreation2	3.7	3.2	5.3	+2.2
Accommodation and food services	4.4	4.9	10.4	+5.5
Other services (except public administration)	4.1	4.1	6.6	+2.5
Public administration	2.1	1.9	2.8	+0.9
Canada	3.1	3.6	5.3	+1.7

• Note: Percentage points change is based on unrounded numbers.
• ¹ This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ² This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ^r: Revised data
• Source: Statistics Canada, Job Vacancy and Wage Survey, Table 14-10-0326-01, seasonally unadjusted data.

Annex 1.9 – Average hourly wage rate

Annex 1.9 – Average hourly wage rate^1,2,3 by province, gender, age and industry (current dollars)

Category	FY1920	FY2021	FY2122	February 2020	March 2022	Change (%) February 2020 to March 2022
Newfoundland and Labrador	26.53	28.02	28.50	27.04	29.02	+7.3
Prince Edward Island	23.11	24.56	25.76	24.13	26.99	+11.9
Nova Scotia	24.29	25.86	26.34	24.59	27.12	+10.3
New Brunswick	23.88	25.04	26.05	24.25	27.25	+12.4
Quebec	27.19	28.90	29.56	27.85	30.31	+8.8
Ontario	29.25	31.30	31.83	29.62	32.25	+8.9
Manitoba	25.79	27.16	27.30	25.98	27.76	+6.9
Saskatchewan	28.22	29.89	29.91	28.80	30.55	+6.1
Alberta	32.21	33.71	33.13	32.42	33.62	+3.7
British Columbia	28.68	30.52	31.59	29.50	31.98	+8.4
Men	30.58	32.33	32.98	31.17	33.73	+8.2
Women	26.57	28.35	28.73	26.97	29.10	+7.9
15 to 24 years old	17.36	17.87	18.41	17.46	18.76	+7.4
25 to 54 years old	30.89	32.60	33.32	31.42	33.87	+7.8
55 years old and over	29.93	31.72	32.28	30.14	32.65	+8.3
Goods-producing industries	30.49	31.54	32.31	30.98	33.21	+7.2
Agriculture	20.21	20.45	21.18	21.19	21.69	+2.4
Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	41.44	43.05	44.48	42.51	45.69	+7.5
Utilities	44.69	46.61	47.10	44.65	46.28	+3.7
Construction	30.85	31.52	32.39	31.48	33.51	+6.4
Manufacturing	28.08	29.18	29.77	28.36	30.59	+7.9
Services-producing industries	28.12	30.09	30.53	28.62	31.00	+8.3
Wholesale and retail trade	22.15	23.34	23.68	21.99	24.57	+11.7
Transportation and warehousing	27.86	29.02	30.06	28.92	29.42	+1.7
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing	34.29	36.46	37.56	35.64	38.19	+7.2
Professional, scientific and technical services	36.36	38.15	39.02	36.71	40.59	+10.6
Business, building and other support services4	21.65	23.24	23.79	21.59	24.91	+15.4
Educational services	35.25	36.70	36.88	35.28	36.36	+3.1
Health care and social assistance	28.29	29.45	29.63	28.55	29.74	+4.2
Information, culture and recreation5	27.02	30.99	31.30	27.82	31.24	+12.3
Accommodation and food services	16.66	17.15	17.44	16.89	17.75	+5.1
Other services (except public administration)	24.63	26.72	26.92	25.37	26.50	+4.5
Public administration	38.68	39.89	40.07	40.02	40.90	+2.2
Canada	28.60	30.39	30.89	29.09	31.44	+8.1

• ¹ Hourly wage rate includes wage/salary before taxes and other deductions, and includes tips, commissions and bonuses for the main job.
• ² Annual average hourly wage rate is calculated as the average of the monthly data.
• ³ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by industry, gender and age) also excludes territorial data.
• ⁴ This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ⁵ This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Table 14-10-0063-01, seasonally adjusted data.