Annex 1: Key labour market statistics

From: Employment and Social Development Canada

Official title: Employment Insurance Monitoring and Assessment Report for the fiscal year beginning April 1, 2023, and ending March 31, 2024: Annex 1: Key labour market statistics

List of abbreviations
List of tables
Annex 1.1 – Key labour market statistics – Concepts and definitions
Annex 1.2 – Key labour market statistics
Annex 1.3 – Employment
Annex 1.4 – Unemployment
Annex 1.5 – Unemployment rate
Annex 1.6 – Average duration of unemployment
Annex 1.7 – Job vacancies
Annex 1.8 – Job vacancy rates
Annex 1.9 – Average hourly wage rate

List of abbreviations

This is the complete list of abbreviations for the Employment Insurance Monitoring and Assessment Report for the fiscal year beginning April 1, 2023 and ending March 31, 2024.

B/C: Benefits-to-Contributions
B/U: Beneficiary-to-Unemployed (rate)
B/UC: Beneficiary-to-Unemployed Contributor (rate)
CAWS: Client Access Work Station
CCB: Compassionate Care Benefits
CCDA: Canadian Council of Directors of Apprenticeship
CCIS: Corporate Client Information Service
CEEDD: Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database
CEGEP: College of General and Professional Teaching
CEIC: Canada Employment Insurance Commission
CEIFB: Canada Employment Insurance Financing Board
CERB: Canada Emergency Response Benefit
CF: Canadian Forces
CFP: Call for Proposals
CPI: Consumer Price Index
CPP: Canada Pension Plan
CRA: Canada Revenue Agency
CRF: Consolidated Revenue Fund
EAS: Employment Assistance Services
EBSM: Employment Benefits and Support Measures
EDI: Equity, Diversity and Inclusion
EI: Employment Insurance
EI-ERB: Employment Insurance Emergency Response Benefit
EIACC: Employment Insurance Appeals Consultative Committee
EICS: Employment Insurance Coverage Survey
eROE: Electronic Record of Employment
ESDC: Employment and Social Development Canada
FS: Family Supplement
G7: Group of Seven
GC: Government of Canada
GDP: Gross Domestic Product
HR: Human Resources
IC: Individual Counselling
ID: Identification
IMP: International Mobility Program
ISET: Indigenous Skills and Employment Training
JCP: Job Creation Partnership
LFS: Labour Force Survey
LMDA: Labour Market Development Agreements
LMI: Labour Market Information
LMP: Labour Market Partnerships
LTU: Long-Term Unemployed
MSCA: My Service Canada Account
MIE: Maximum Insurable Earnings
NERE: New Entrant and Re-Entrant
NESI: National Essential Skills Initiative
NHQ: National Headquarters
NOC: National Occupation Classification
OAS: Old Age Security
OASIS: Occupational and Skills Information System
p.p.: Percentage point
PCIC: Parents of Critically Ill Children
PCS: Post Call Survey
PPE: Premium Paid Eligible
PRP: Premium Reduction Program
PTs: Provinces and Territories
QPIP: Quebec Parental Insurance Plan
RAIS: Registered Apprenticeship Information System
R&I: Research and Innovation
ROE: Record of Employment
SAT: Secure Automated Transfer
SCT: Skills and Competency Taxonomy
SD: Skills Development
SD-A: Skills Development - Apprentices
SD-R: Skills Development - Regular
SE: Self-Employment
SEAQ: Service, Excellence, Accuracy and Quality
SEPH: Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours
SFS: Skills for Success
SIN: Social Insurance Number
SIP: Sectoral Initiatives Program
SME: Small and medium-sized enterprise
SST: Social Security Tribunal
STVC: Status Vector
SUB: Supplemental Unemployment Benefit
SWSP: Sectoral Workforce Solutions Program
TES: Targeted Earning Supplements
TR: Temporary Resident
TRF: Targeting, Referral and Feedback
TFWP: Temporary Foreign Worker Program
TWS: Targeted Wage Subsidies
UV: Unemployment-to-job-vacancy
VBW: Variable Best Weeks
VER: Variable Entrance Requirement
WISE: Work Integration Social Enterprises
WWC: Working While on Claim

List of tables

Annex 1.2 – Key labour market statistics
Annex 1.3 – Employment by province or territory, gender, age, educational attainment, industry, employment type, class of workers and job permanency (levels in thousands)
Annex 1.4 – Unemployment by province or territory, gender, age, educational attainment, industry, reasons for unemployment and unemployment duration (levels in thousands)
Annex 1.5 – Unemployment rate by province or territory, gender, age, educational attainment, and industry (%)
Annex 1.6 – Average duration of unemployment (weeks) by province, gender and age
Annex 1.7 – Job vacancies by province or territory, industry, job type, job permanency and vacancy duration
Annex 1.8 – Job vacancy rates by province or territory and industry (%)
Annex 1.9 – Average hourly wage rate by province, gender, age and industry (current dollars)

Annex 1.1 – Key labour market statistics: Concepts and definitions

Chapter 1 and Annex 1 provide information on the labour force, employment, unemployment, participation rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, job vacancies and job vacancy rate. These concepts are defined below.

Labour force

The labour force is comprised of those members of the civilian non-institutional population 15 years of age and over who were employed or unemployed during the Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey reference week.

Persons who are not in the labour force include those who were either unable to work or unavailable for work during the Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey reference period. They also include persons who were without work and who had neither actively looked for work in the past 4 weeks nor had a job to start within 4 weeks of the reference week.

Employment

Employed persons are those who, during the Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey reference week:

did any work at all at a job or business, that is, paid work in the context of an employer-employee relationship, or self-employment (it also includes persons who did unpaid family work, which is defined as unpaid work contributing directly to the operation of a farm, business or professional practice owned and operated by a related member of the same household), or
had a job but were not at work due to factors such as their own illness or disability, personal or family responsibilities, vacation or a labour dispute (this excludes persons not at work because they were on layoff or between casual jobs, and those who did not then have a job even if they had a job to start at a future date)

Unemployment

Unemployed persons are those who, during the Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey reference week:

were without work but had looked for work in the past 4 weeks (ending with the reference week) and were available for work
were on temporary layoff due to business conditions, with an expectation of recall (either because they have a definite date to return to work or because they have an indication from their employer that they will be recalled in the future) and were available for work, or
had not actively looked for work in the past 4 weeks but had a job to start within 4 weeks from the reference week and were available for work

Participation rate

The participation rate is defined as the labour force expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The participation rate for a particular group (province, gender, age, etc.) is the labour force in that group expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over for that group.

Employment rate

The employment rate is defined as the number of employed persons expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The employment rate for a particular group (province, gender, age, etc.) is the number employed in that group expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over for that group.

Unemployment rate

The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force.

The unemployment rate for a particular group (province, gender, age, etc.) is the number unemployed in that group expressed as a percentage of the labour force for that group.

Job vacancies

A job is vacant if it meets the following conditions:

it is vacant on the reference date (first day of the month) or will become vacant during the month
there are tasks to be carried out during the month for the job in question, and
the employer is actively recruiting outside the organization to fill the job

The job could be full-time, part-time, permanent, temporary, casual, or seasonal. Jobs reserved for subcontractors, external consultants, or other workers who are not considered employees, are excluded.

Job vacancy rate

The number of job vacancies expressed as a percentage of total labour demand; for example, the sum of filled and vacant jobs.

Sources: Statistics Canada, "Guide to the Labour Force Survey", catalogue no. 71-543-G, Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2020. Statistics Canada, "Labour Force Information: February 9 to 15, 2020", Catalogue no. 71-001-X, Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2020. Statistics Canada, "Guide to the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey", Catalogue no. 75-514-G, Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2023.

Annex 1.2 – Key labour market statistics

Annex 1.2 – Key labour market statistics¹
Category	2021‑22^R	2022‑23^R	2023‑24	Change (%) 2022‑23 to 2023‑24
Population²(levels in thousands)	31,424.7^R	31,988.7^R	32,945.2	+3.0
Labour force (levels in thousands)	20,599.0^R	20,973.3^R	21,660.1	+3.3
Employment (levels in thousands)	19,196.5^R	19,906.2^R	20,451.0	+2.7
Unemployment (levels in thousands)	1,402.6^R	1,067.1^R	1,209.1	+13.3
Unemployment rate (%)	6.8	5.1	5.6	+9.7
Participation rate (%)	65.6^R	65.6^R	65.7	0.0
Employment rate (%)	61.1^R	62.2	62.1	-0.2

¹ Statistics exclude the territories.
² Number of working-age persons, 15 years of age and older.
^R Revised data.
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Table 14-10-0287-01, seasonally adjusted data.

Annex 1.3 – Employment

Annex 1.3 – Employment by province or territory, gender, age, educational attainment, industry, employment type, class of workers and job permanency (levels in thousands)
Category¹	2021‑22^R	2022‑23^R	2023‑24	Change (%) 2022‑23 to 2023‑24
Newfoundland and Labrador	227.0^R	236.3^R	240.8	+1.9
Prince Edward Island	81.4^R	84.6^R	90.9	+7.3
Nova Scotia	478.2^R	497.0^R	510.6	+2.7
New Brunswick	366.0^R	380.2^R	390.8	+2.8
Quebec	4,308.1^R	4,431.9^R	4,535.6	+2.3
Ontario	7,517.9^R	7,829.9^R	8,044.0	+2.7
Manitoba	673.8^R	690.7^R	710.9	+2.9
Saskatchewan	564.2^R	580.1^R	590.4	+1.8
Alberta	2,275.5^R	2,381.2^R	2,466.8	+3.6
British Columbia	2,704.4^R	2,794.3^R	2,870.3	+2.7
Yukon²	23.3^R	23.9^R	25.2	+5.4
Northwest Territories²	23.6^R	24.2^R	23.5	-2.9
Nunavut²	14.0^R	14.3^R	14.0	-2.0
Men	10,112.3^R	10,447.2^R	10,774.7	+3.1
Women	9,084.1^R	9,459.0^R	9,676.3	+2.3
15 to 24 years	2,504.8^R	2,633.9^R	2,664.0	+1.1
25 to 54 years	12,530.4^R	13,010.0^R	13,423.7	+3.2
55 years and older	4,161.3^R	4,262.3^R	4,363.3	+2.4
Less than high school³	1,404.2^R	1,476.4^R	1,450.0	-1.8
High school diploma⁴	4,389.7^R	4,540.8^R	4,572.8	+0.7
Post-secondary certificate or diploma⁵	6,719.0^R	6,932.2^R	7,121.2	+2.7
University degree⁶	6,675.7^R	6,954.6^R	7,302.1	+5.0
Goods-producing industries	3,972.1^R	4,126.7^R	4,195.7	+1.7
Agriculture	257.5^R	264.0^R	249.8	-5.4
Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	329.4^R	327.4^R	336.7	+2.8
Utilities	142.0^R	154.1^R	159.1	+3.3
Construction	1,477.5^R	1,574.9^R	1,602.1	+1.7
Manufacturing	1,765.8^R	1,806.4^R	1,848.0	+2.3
Services-producing industries	15,224.4^R	15,779.5^R	16,255.3	+3.0
Wholesale and retail trade	2,930.1^R	2,982.2^R	2,987.2	+0.2
Transportation and warehousing	992.6^R	988.2^R	1,061.5	+7.4
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing	1,333.5^R	1,371.1^R	1,389.1	+1.3
Professional, scientific and technical services	1,727.7^R	1,844.8^R	1,916.3	+3.9
Business, building and other support services⁷	685.0^R	695.9^R	691.3	-0.7
Educational services	1,461.6^R	1,484.6^R	1,533.3	+3.3
Health care and social assistance	2,556.9^R	2,633.4^R	2,721.7	+3.4
Information, culture and recreation⁸	746.8^R	820.6^R	846.2	+3.1
Accommodation and food services	982.4^R	1,075.4^R	1,129.0	+5.0
Other services (except public administration)	714.2^R	722.9^R	781.9	+8.2
Public administration	1,093.7^R	1,160.4^R	1,197.8	+3.2
Full-time employment⁹	15,677.0^R	16,327.0^R	16,784.2	+2.8
Part-time employment¹⁰	3,519.5^R	3,579.2^R	3,666.8	+2.4
Class of worker ‑ Employees	16,547.0^R	17,266.5^R	17,791.8	+3.0
Public sector employees	4,077.9	4,233.4^R	4,347.6	+2.7
Private sector employees	12,469.2	13,033.1^R	13,444.3	+3.2
Class of worker ‑ Self-employed	2,641.6	2,637.4	2,654.3	0.6
Job permanency ‑ Employees	16,547.0^R	17,266.5^R	17,791.8	+3.0
Permanent employees¹¹	14,561.4^R	15,237.6^R	15,751.5	+3.4
Temporary employees¹²	1,985.6^R	2,028.9^R	2,040.3	+0.6
Canada	19,196.5^R	19,906.2^R	20,451.0	+2.7

¹ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender, age, educational attainment, industry, employment type, class of workers and job permanency) also excludes territorial data.
² Figures for the territories are calculated based on 3‑month moving averages using seasonally adjusted monthly data produced by Statistics Canada.
³ Includes 0 to 8 years of education and some high school.
⁴ Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
⁵ Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
⁶ Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
⁷ This industry sector comprises the industries with codes 55 (Management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
⁸ This industry sector comprises the industries with codes 51 (Information and cultural industries) and 71 (Arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
⁹ Full-time employment consists of persons who usually work 30 hours or more per week at their main or only job.
¹⁰ Part-time employment consists of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week at their main or only job.
¹¹ A permanent job is one that is expected to last as long as the employee wants it, if business conditions permit—that is, there is no predetermined end date.
¹² A temporary job has a predetermined end date or will end as soon as a specified project is completed. This category includes seasonal jobs; temporary, term or contract jobs, including work done through a temporary help agency; casual jobs; and other temporary work.
^R Revised data.
Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Tables 14-10-0019-01, unadjusted (for data by educational attainment); 14-10-0355-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by industry); 14-10-0026-01, unadjusted (for data by class of workers); 14-10-0071-01, unadjusted (for data by job permanency); 14-10-0287-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to provinces, by gender, age and employment type); and 14-10-0292-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to territories).

Annex 1.4 – Unemployment

Annex 1.4 – Unemployment by province or territory, gender, age, educational attainment, industry, reasons for unemployment and unemployment duration (levels in thousands)
Category¹	2021‑22^R	2022‑23^R	2023‑24	Change (%) 2022‑23 to 2023‑24
Newfoundland and Labrador	33.8^R	27.6^R	26.0	-5.9
Prince Edward Island	9.1^R	6.8^R	7.2	+6.0
Nova Scotia	41.8^R	34.7^R	36.1	+4.1
New Brunswick	35.3^R	28.0^R	28.7	+2.4
Quebec	247.9^R	203.2^R	217.4	+7.0
Ontario	598.1^R	465.6^R	508.3	+9.2
Manitoba	41.0^R	34.3^R	36.7	+6.8
Saskatchewan	35.7^R	28.4^R	30.3	+6.8
Alberta	189.1^R	147.5^R	156.4	+6.1
British Columbia	170.6^R	146.8^R	162.1	+10.4
Yukon²	1.4^R	1.0	1.0	-4.9
Northwest Territories²	1.4^R	1.4	1.5	+8.5
Nunavut²	1.9	2.1	2.0	-3.2
Men	760.6^R	578.3^R	657.5	+13.7
Women	641.9^R	488.8^R	551.6	+12.9
15 to 24 years	338.9^R	286.1^R	334.2	+16.8
25 to 54 years	741.9^R	575.8^R	667.5	+15.9
55 years and older	321.8^R	205.2^R	207.4	+1.1
Less than high school³	208.3^R	175.0^R	195.5	+11.7
High school diploma⁴	430.6^R	319.5^R	353.7	+10.6
Post-secondary certificate or diploma⁵	435.9^R	299.9^R	331.8	+10.7
University degree⁶	329.0^R	273.7^R	331.7	+21.2
Goods-producing industries⁷	193.8^R	170.9^R	192.3	+12.5
Agriculture	13.4^R	10.5^R	8.3	-20.6
Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	22.5^R	20.7^R	25.9	+25.3
Utilities	2.9^R	3.0	2.1	-29.2
Construction	84.4^R	79.8^R	90.1	+12.8
Manufacturing	71.4^R	57.4^R	66.3	+15.5
Services-producing industries⁷	542.2^R	455.9^R	557.1	+22.2
Wholesale and retail trade	114.5^R	100.4	115.4	+14.9
Transportation and warehousing	40.1^R	26.5	36.0	+35.8
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing	20.3^R	20.1^R	27.8	+38.8
Professional, scientific and technical services	37.2^R	42.7^R	63.7	+49.2
Business, building and other support services⁸	43.8^R	37.1^R	46.2	+24.6
Educational services	59.5^R	53.0^R	50.3	-4.8
Health care and social assistance	47.6	42.2^R	48.2	+13.2
Information, culture and recreation⁹	54.3^R	42.1^R	54.1	+28.3
Accommodation and food services	73.5^R	55.7^R	71.0	+27.4
Other services (except public administration)	28.6	17.8	26.3	+47.3
Public administration	22.8	18.4^R	18.1	-1.4
Unclassified industries¹⁰	667.8^R	441.3^R	462.9	+5.1
Reasons for unemployment: People who have left their job	176.2^R	208.1^R	228.5	+9.3
Reasons for unemployment: People who have lost their job	559.8^R	418.7^R	520.9	+24.4
Reasons for unemployment: People who have not worked in the last year or who have never worked	667.8^R	441.3^R	292.8	-33.6
Duration of unemployment¹¹: 1 to 4 weeks	449.6^R	393.3^R	423.5	+7.7
Duration of unemployment¹¹: 5 to 13 weeks	326.9^R	290.4^R	341.4	+17.6
Duration of unemployment¹¹: 14 to 26 weeks	198.6^R	151.1^R	195.7	+29.5
Duration of unemployment¹¹: 27 weeks or more	360.8^R	173.0^R	191.7	+10.8
Duration of unemployment¹¹: 52 weeks or more	223.6^R	101.8^R	96.5	-5.1
Duration of unemployment¹¹: Duration unknown¹²	66.6^R	59.2^R	55.9	-3.9
Canada	1,402.6^R	1,067.1^R	1,209.1	+13.3

Note: Monthly data that are confidential under the Statistics Act are excluded from the calculation of the fiscal year average.
¹ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender, age, educational attainment, industry, reason for unemployment and duration of unemployment) also excludes territorial data.
² Figures for the territories are calculated based on 3‑month moving averages using seasonally adjusted monthly data produced by Statistics Canada.
³ Includes 0 to 8 years of education and some high school.
⁴ Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
⁵ Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
⁶ Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
⁷ Information is provided for the last job held, providing the person worked within the previous 12 months.
⁸ This industry sector comprises the industries with codes 55 (Management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
⁹ This industry sector comprises the industries with codes 51 (Information and cultural industries) and 71 (Arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
¹⁰People who last worked more than 1 year ago or who have never worked before are not classified as belonging to any industry.
¹¹ Duration of unemployment is the number of continuous weeks during which a person has been without work and is looking for work, or is on temporary layoff.
¹² Duration of unemployment is not reported for unemployed people who reported having a job to start in the next 4 weeks under the Labour Force Survey.
^R Revised data.
Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Tables 14-10-0019-01, unadjusted (for data by educational attainment); 14-10-0022-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by industry); 14-10-0342-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by duration of unemployment); 14-10-0125-01, unadjusted (for data by reason for unemployment); 14-10-0287-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to provinces, by gender and age); and 14-10-0292-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to territories).

Annex 1.5 – Unemployment rate

Annex 1.5 – Unemployment rate by province or territory, gender, age, educational attainment, and industry (%)
Category¹	2021‑22^R	2022‑23^R	2023‑24	Change (% points) 2022‑23 to 2023‑24
Newfoundland and Labrador	13.0	10.5	9.7	-0.7
Prince Edward Island	10.0	7.1^R	7.4	+0.3
Nova Scotia	8.0^R	6.3^R	6.6	+0.3
New Brunswick	8.8	6.9	6.8	0.0
Quebec	5.4^R	4.2	4.6	+0.4
Ontario	7.4	5.3^R	5.9	+0.6
Manitoba	5.7	4.5	4.9	+0.4
Saskatchewan	6.0	4.5	4.9	+0.4
Alberta	7.7	5.6	6.0	+0.3
British Columbia	5.9	4.6^R	5.3	+0.8
Yukon²	5.5	4.1	3.7	-0.4
Northwest Territories²	5.6	5.4^R	6.0	+0.6
Nunavut²	12.1^R	12.8^R	12.7	-0.1
Men	7.0	5.2	5.8	+0.5
Women	6.6	4.9	5.4	+0.5
15 to 24 years	11.9	9.8	11.1	+1.3
25 to 54 years	5.6	4.2	4.7	+0.5
55 years and older	7.2	4.6	4.5	-0.1
Less than high school³	12.9	10.6	11.9	+1.3
High school diploma⁴	8.9	6.6	7.2	+0.6
Post-secondary certificate or diploma⁵	6.1	4.1	4.5	+0.3
University degree⁶	4.7	3.8	4.3	+0.6
Goods-producing industries	4.7	4.0	4.4	+0.4
Agriculture	4.9	3.8	3.2	-0.6
Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	6.4^R	6.0^R	7.2	+1.2
Utilities	2.0	1.9	1.3	-0.6
Construction	5.4	4.8	5.3	+0.5
Manufacturing	3.9	3.1	3.5	+0.4
Services-producing industries	3.4	2.8	3.3	+0.5
Wholesale and retail trade	3.8	3.3	3.7	+0.5
Transportation and warehousing	3.9	2.6	3.3	+0.7
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing	1.5	1.4	2.0	+0.5
Professional, scientific and technical services	2.1	2.3	3.2	+1.0
Business, building and other support services⁷	6.0	5.1^R	6.3	+1.2
Educational services	3.9	3.4^R	3.2	-0.3
Health care and social assistance	1.8	1.6	1.7	+0.2
Information, culture and recreation⁸	6.8	4.9	6.0	+1.1
Accommodation and food services	7.0	4.9	5.9	+1.0
Other services (except public administration)	3.9^R	2.4	3.3	+0.9
Public administration	2.0	1.6	1.5	-0.1
Canada	6.8	5.3^R	5.6	+0.3

Note: Monthly data that are confidential under the Statistics Act are excluded from the calculation of the annual average.
¹ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender, age, educational attainment and industry) also excludes territorial data.
² Figures for the territories are calculated based on 3‑month moving averages using seasonally adjusted monthly data produced by Statistics Canada.
³ Includes 0 to 8 years of education and some high school.
⁴ Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
⁵ Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
⁶ Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
⁷ This industry sector comprises the industries with codes 55 (Management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
⁸ This industry sector comprises the industries with codes 51 (Information and cultural industries) and 71 (Arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
^R Revised data.
Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Tables 14-10-0019-01, unadjusted (for data by educational attainment); 14-10-0022-01, unadjusted (for data by industry); 14-10-0287-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to provinces, by gender, age and employment type); and 14-10-0292-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to territories).

Annex 1.6 – Average duration of unemployment

Annex 1.6 – Average duration of unemployment (weeks)^1,2 by province, gender and age
Category³	2021‑22^R	2022‑23^R	2023‑24	Change (%) 2022‑23 to 2023‑24
Newfoundland and Labrador	18.5^R	21.6^R	18.8	-13.1
Prince Edward Island	15.0^R	17.2	19.0	+10.9
Nova Scotia	19.7^R	21.9^R	19.8	-9.3
New Brunswick	16.1^R	19.0^R	16.9	-11.1
Quebec	14.8	19.0	18.0	-18.5
Ontario	17.5	23.0	18.8	-18.0
Manitoba	15.4	20.5	18.2	-11.2
Saskatchewan	18.2	23.1	20.3	-12.3
Alberta	20.2	27.7	20.3	-26.6
British Columbia	20.2	17.0^R	17.7	+3.8
Men	23.2	19.3^R	17.9	-7.7
Women	21.3^R	17.7^R	17.3	-2.2
15 to 24 years old	12.9	10.0	11.6	+15.8
25 to 54 years old	23.5	19.6^R	18.5	-5.9
55 years old and over	29.4	27.8^R	24.6	-11.4
Canada	22.3	18.5^R	17.5	-5.5

¹ Duration of unemployment is the number of continuous weeks during which a person has been without work and is looking for work, or is on temporary layoff.
² Average weeks of unemployment is calculated with no upper limit to length of unemployment.
³ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender and age) also excludes territorial data.
^R Revised data.
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Table 14-10-0342-01, seasonally adjusted data.

Annex 1.7 – Job vacancies

Annex 1.7 – Job vacancies by province or territory, industry, job type, job permanency and vacancy duration
Category	Last 2 quarters of 2021‑22^R	Last 2 quarters of 2022‑23^R	Last 2 quarters of 2023‑24	Change (%) Last 2 quarters of 2022‑23 to 2023‑24
Newfoundland and Labrador	7,143^R	6,786^R	6,403	-5.6
Prince Edward Island	3,552^R	3,533^R	2,473	-30.0
Nova Scotia	20,207^R	20,312^R	15,312	-24.6
New Brunswick	14,697^R	13,793^R	11,250	-18.4
Quebec	240,381^R	210,082^R	151,876	-27.7
Ontario	351,349^R	310,365^R	225,397	-27.4
Manitoba	26,569^R	26,863^R	23,250	-13.5
Saskatchewan	21,773^R	24,584^R	21,269	-13.5
Alberta	92,072^R	95,661^R	80,346	-16.0
British Columbia	158,008^R	135,528^R	109,981	-18.9
Yukon	1,296^R	1,403^R	1,026	-26.9
Northwest Territories	1,300^R	1,558^R	1,289	-17.2
Nunavut	553^R	630^R	683	+8.5
Goods-producing industries	186,595^R	164,223^R	116,953	-28.8
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	15,065^R	12,615^R	9,775	-22.5
Mining and quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	8,515^R	8,650^R	6,463	-25.3
Utilities	2,623^R	2,990^R	3,030	+1.3
Construction	75,395^R	71,918^R	54,838	-23.7
Manufacturing	84,998^R	68,050^R	42,848	-37.0
Services-producing industries	757,565^R	694,465^R	540,773	-22.1
Wholesale and retail trade	141,780^R	125,605^R	86,813	-30.9
Transportation and warehousing	45,375^R	44,535^R	37,883	-14.9
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing	45,460^R	45,148^R	29,915	-33.7
Professional, scientific and technical services	68,035^R	54,820^R	42,663	-22.0
Business, building and other support services¹	66,908^R	53,205^R	39,513	-25.7
Educational services	22,195^R	25,103^R	23,638	-5.8
Health care and social assistance	133,503^R	146,240^R	137,005	-6.3
Information, culture and recreation²	35,373^R	30,078^R	18,998	-36.8
Accommodation and food services	144,375^R	116,888^R	79,010	-32.4
Other services (except public administration)	39,795^R	37,575^R	30,805	-18.0
Public administration	14,768^R	15,270^R	14,533	-4.8
Job vacancy type: Full-time positions³	702,048^R	640,223^R	513,888	-19.7
Job vacancy type: Part-time positions⁴	242,105^R	218,470^R	177,640	-18.7
Job permanency: Permanent positions⁵	791,440^R	717,393^R	535,278	-25.4
Job permanency: Temporary positions⁶	152,713^R	141,300^R	122,445	-13.3
Job vacancy duration: Less than 15 days	154,385^R	141,573^R	136,313	-3.7
Job vacancy duration: 15 to 29 days	151,055^R	132,510^R	103,933	-21.6
Job vacancy duration: 30 to 59 days	167,755^R	140,808^R	106,285	-24.5
Job vacancy duration: 60 to 89 days	97,880^R	90,070^R	57,393	-36.3
Job vacancy duration: 90 days or more	332,115^R	313,650^R	220,138	-29.8
Canada	938,950^R	851,105^R	650,512	-23.6

¹ This industry sector comprises the industries with codes 55 (Management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
² This industry sector comprises the industries with codes 51 (Information and cultural industries) and 71 (Arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
³ A full-time vacant position consists of position which requires 30 or more hours of work per week.
⁴ A part-time vacant position consists of position which requires less than 30 hours of work per week.
⁵ A permanent position consists of a position which is expected to last as long as the employee wants it, given that business conditions permit. That is, there is no pre-determined termination date.
⁶ A temporary position consists of a position which has a predetermined end date, or will end as soon as a specified project is completed.
⁷ A seasonal position is a temporary position which is linked to a recurring event (e.g., public holidays) or time of the year (e.g., summertime).
Sources: Statistics Canada, Job vacancies, payroll employees, and job vacancy rate, Table 14-10-0432-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by province or territory); 14-10-0400-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by industry); 14-10-0399-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by job vacancy occupation, type of work and position); and 14-10-0443-01, unadjusted (for data by job vacancy duration).

Annex 1.8 – Job vacancy rates

Annex 1.8 – Job vacancy rates by province or territory and industry (%)
Category	Last 2 quarters of 2021‑22^R	Last 2 quarters of 2022‑23^R	Last 2 quarters of 2023‑24	Change (% points) Last 2 quarters of 2022‑23 to 2023‑24
Newfoundland and Labrador	3.7^R	3.3^R	3.1	-0.2
Prince Edward Island	5.2^R	4.9^R	3.4	-1.5
Nova Scotia	4.6^R	4.5^R	3.3	-1.1
New Brunswick	4.5^R	4.1^R	3.4	-0.8
Quebec	6.1^R	5.2^R	3.8	-1.4
Ontario	5.3^R	4.5^R	3.3	-1.2
Manitoba	4.4^R	4.3^R	3.7	-0.6
Saskatchewan	4.4^R	4.8^R	4.1	-0.7
Alberta	4.6^R	4.6^R	3.8	-0.8
British Columbia	6.5^R	5.4^R	4.4	-1.0
Yukon	6.6^R	6.9^R	5.1	-1.8
Northwest Territories	5.8^R	6.5^R	5.6	-0.9
Nunavut	3.6^R	3.9^R	4.1	+0.3
Goods-producing industries	4.8^R	4.2^R	3.2	-1.0
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5.9^R	5.0^R	3.9	-1.1
Mining and quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4.2^R	4.0^R	3.0	-1.0
Utilities	2.0^R	2.3^R	2.2	0.0
Construction	6.5^R	5.9^R	4.5	-1.4
Manufacturing	5.3^R	4.2^R	2.7	-1.5
Services-producing industries	6.1^R	5.2^R	4.0	-1.3
Wholesale and retail trade	4.8^R	4.2^R	3.0	-1.3
Transportation and warehousing	5.5^R	5.1^R	4.3	-0.8
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing	4.1^R	3.9^R	2.6	-1.3
Professional, scientific and technical services	5.9^R	4.4^R	3.4	-1.0
Business, building and other support services¹	10.9^R	8.9^R	6.7	-2.3
Educational services	1.6^R	1.8^R	1.7	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	5.8^R	6.1^R	5.6	-0.6
Information, culture and recreation²	3.3^R	2.6^R	1.6	-1.0
Accommodation and food services	11.1^R	8.3^R	5.7	-2.6
Other services (except public administration)	7.1^R	6.4^R	5.1	-1.3
Public administration	2.8^R	2.8^R	2.5	-0.3
Canada	5.5^R	4.8^R	3.7	-1.1

¹ This industry sector comprises the industries with codes 55 (Management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
² This industry sector comprises the industries with codes 51 (Information and cultural industries) and 71 (Arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
Source: Statistics Canada, Job vacancies, payroll employees, and job vacancy rate, Tables 14-10-0432-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by province or territory); and 14-10-0400-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by industry).

Annex 1.9 – Average hourly wage rate

Annex 1.9 – Average hourly wage rate^1,2,3 by province, gender, age and industry (current dollars)
Category	2021‑22^R	2022‑23^R	2023‑24	Change (%) 2022‑23 to 2023‑24
Newfoundland and Labrador	28.5^R	32.4^R	34.0	+5.0
Prince Edward Island	25.7^R	29.8^R	31.4	+5.3
Nova Scotia	26.3^R	27.2^R	28.2	+3.7
New Brunswick	26.0^R	27.8^R	29.3	+5.1
Quebec	29.5^R	27.7^R	29.2	+5.3
Ontario	31.9^R	31.4^R	32.7	+4.0
Manitoba	27.2^R	33.4^R	35.1	+5.3
Saskatchewan	29.9^R	28.5^R	29.6	+4.0
Alberta	33.2^R	30.7^R	31.8	+3.6
British Columbia	31.6^R	33.9^R	35.3	+4.2
Men	33.0^R	34.6^R	36.2	+4.6
Women	28.7^R	30.0^R	31.6	+5.4
15 to 24 years	18.4^R	19.4^R	20.4	+4.8
25 to 54 years	33.3^R	35.0^R	36.7	+4.9
55 years and older	32.3^R	33.4^R	35.0	+4.8
Goods-producing industries	32.3^R	33.9^R	35.9	+5.7
Agriculture	21.2^R	22.0^R	23.9	+8.7
Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	44.5^R	45.0^R	47.4	+5.3
Utilities	47.1^R	48.3^R	49.8	+3.0
Construction	32.4^R	34.2^R	35.9	+5.1
Manufacturing	29.8^R	31.5^R	33.5	+6.2
Services-producing industries	30.6^R	32.0^R	33.5	+4.8
Wholesale and retail trade	23.7^R	25.0^R	26.3	+5.1
Transportation and warehousing	30.1^R	30.8^R	32.4	+5.3
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing	37.5^R	39.3^R	41.5	+5.7
Professional, scientific and technical services	39.0^R	42.5^R	44.9	+5.7
Business, building and other support services⁴	23.8^R	25.2^R	26.2	+4.0
Educational services	36.9^R	37.9^R	39.0	+2.8
Health care and social assistance	29.6^R	31.0^R	32.4	+4.5
Information, culture and recreation⁵	31.6^R	31.1^R	31.4	0.9
Accommodation and food services	17.5^R	18.9^R	20.0	+6.2
Other services (except public administration)	26.9^R	27.7^R	29.2	+5.5
Public administration	40.1^R	41.1^R	43.1	+5.0
Canada	30.9^R	32.4^R	34.0	+5.0

¹ Hourly wage rate includes wage/salary before taxes and other deductions, and includes tips, commissions and bonuses for the main job.
² Annual average hourly wage rate is calculated as the average of the monthly data.
³ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by industry, gender and age) also excludes territorial data.
⁴ This industry sector comprises the industries with codes 55 (Management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
⁵ This industry sector comprises the industries with codes 51 (Information and cultural industries) and 71 (Arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Table 14-10-0063-01, unadjusted data.

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Date modified:: 2025-06-17

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