Archived: Air Pollutant Emission Inventory report: chapter 1

APEI sector

Sector descriptions

Aluminium industry

Alumina production through bauxite refining, primary aluminium production through smelting and refining and secondary aluminium production in which aluminium is recovered from aluminium-containing scrap.

Asphalt paving industry

Asphalt concrete (or hot-mix asphalt) manufacturing. Emissions are from permanent and portable hot-mix asphalt installations.

Cement and concrete industry

Entire process of cement production in rotary kilns as wel as the preparation of concrete and ready-mix concrete, lime manufacture and concrete batching and products.

Foundries

Castings of various types of ferro-alloys as well as small iron and steel foundries not associated with integrated iron and steel facilities. The types of foundries included are: open ferrous, electric arc and induction foundries.

Iron and steel industries

Steel production, including blast furnaces, basic oxygen furnaces, electric arc furnaces, sintering, direct reduction of iron, hot forming and semi-finishing, coke production.

Iron ore industry

Iron ore mining, beneficiation by concentration and sintering into pellets are included.

Mineral products industry

Manufacture of brick and related clay products such as pipes, liner and tiles.

Mining and rock quarrying

Overburden removal, drilling in rock, blasting, crushing of rock, loading of materials, transporting raw materials by conveyors or haulage trucks, scraping, bulldozing, grading, open storage pile losses and wind erosion from exposed areas.

Non-ferrous mining and smelting industry

Primary copper and nickel production using pyrometallurgical operations, lead ore crushing, concentrating and metallurgic processing and zinc metal production through electrolytic processes.

Downstream oil and gas industry

Refining and processing of crude oil to make fuels or other products such as solvents or asphalt.

Upstream oil and gas industry

Drilling, testing and servicing of wells, conventional oil and gas production, in situ bitumen extraction and open pit mining, oil sands upgrading, natural gas processing, crude oil transmission.

Coal

Electric power generation from combustion of coal by utilities and by industry for commercial sale and/or private use.

Diesel

Electric power generation from combustion of diesel by utilities and by industry for commercial sale and/or private use.

Natural gas

Electric power generation from combustion of natural gas by utilities and by industry for commercial sale and/or private use.

Waste materials

Electric power generation from combustion of waste materials by utilities and by industry for commercial sale and/or private use.

Other electric power generation

Electric power generation from other energy sources by utilities and by industry for commercial sale and/or private use.

Abrasives manufacture

Manufacturing of abrasive grinding wheels, abrasive-coated materials and other abrasive products.

Bakeries

Manufacturing of bakery products, other than for retail sale, including frozen baked products.

Biofuel production

Production of ethanol for fuel or oils for biodiesel.

Chemicals industry

Large number of different product industries including fertilizer manufacturing, plastic resins, paints and varnishes, petrochemicals and inorganic chemicals. The raw materials, processes used and products produced are in many cases unique to individual plants.

Electronics

Manufacturing of electronics, such as communications equipment, semiconductors and electronic components, navigational and guidance instruments, electric lamp bulb and parts, transformers, switchgear, relay and industrial control.

Food preparation

Activities related to food production for human or animal consumption, such as manufacturing of dog and cat food, sugar and confectionery products, frozen food, dairy products, meat products, and tobacco and beverage products; seafood product preparation and packaging; and fruit and vegetable canning, pickling and drying.

Glass manufacture

Making of glass from sand and cullet as well as  the remelting, pressing, blowing or otherwise shaping purchased glass.

Grain processing

Primary, process, terminal and transfer elevators, as well as manufacturing or processing grain for use in other products.

Metal fabrication

Activities related to metal fabrication, such as: iron and steel mills and ferro-alloy manufacturing; production of iron and steel pipes and tubes, cold-rolling steel bars, sheets, strips and other steel shapes; steel wire drawing; smelting of non-ferrous metals; copper rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; forging; stamping; and other metal manufacturing.

Plastics manufacture

Manufacturing of plastics bags, plastic film and sheet, unlaminated plastic profile shapes, plastic pipes and pipe fittings, laminating plastic profile shapes (plates, sheets and rods), polystyrene foam products, urethane and other foam products, motor vehicle plastic parts, tires, rubber and plastic hose and belting, and other rubber products.

Pulp and paper industry

Chemical, mechanical, recycling and semi-chemical mills, including the production of energy through the combustion of spent pulping liquor, biomass and fossil-fuel combustion. Also includes fugitive emissions from wood refining, screening and drying, and various steps in chemical recovery systems.

Textiles

Textile product-related activities, including: fibre, yarn and thread manufacturing; textile and fabric finishing; fabric coating; carpet and rug manufacturing; clothing knitting; as well as clothing accessories and other clothing manufacturing.

Vehicle manufacture (engines, parts, assembly, painting)

Activities related to: vehicle manufacturing, such as manufacturing of motor vehicles plastic parts, engine and power transmission equipment, automobile and light-duty motor vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, truck trailers, motor vehicle brake systems, seating and interior trim, and vehicle parts; urban transit systems; and support activities for rail transportation.

Wood products

Sawmills, panel board mills (including veneer, plywood, waferboard, particle board and medium-density fiberboard mills), and other wood products manufacturing establishments (including furniture and cabinet makers, wood treating plants, wood pellet mills and Masonite manufacturers).

Other manufacturing industries

Manufacturing, food production or processing industries that are not included under a specific industrial sector.

Air transportation

Piston and turbine military, commercial and general aviation (landing and take-off only), and in-flight (cruise) emissions for turbine aircraft.

Heavy-duty diesel vehicles

Diesel vehicles over 3 856 kilograms.

Heavy-duty gasoline vehicles

Gasoline vehicles over 3 856 kilograms.

Heavy-duty LPG/NG vehicles

Propane and natural gas vehicles over 3 856 kilograms.

Light-duty diesel trucks

Diesel trucks under 3 856 kilograms.

Light-duty diesel vehicles

Diesel vehicles under 3 856 kilograms.

Light-duty gasoline trucks

Gasoline trucks under 3 856 kilograms.

Light-duty gasoline vehicles

Gasoline vehicles under 3 856 kilograms.

Light-duty LPG/NG trucks

Propane and natural gas trucks under 3 856 kilograms.

Light-duty LPG/NG vehicles

Propane and natural gas vehicles under 3 856 kilograms.

Marine transportation

Marine craft in anchored, berth and underway phases.

Motorcycles

Motorcycles.

Off-road diesel vehicles and equipment

Off-road vehicles and mobile equipment using diesel fuel in mining, construction, agriculture, commercial purposes, logging, railway maintenance, and airport ground support; lawn and garden equipment using diesel fuel; and recreational vehicles using diesel fuel.

Off-road gasoline/LPG/CNG vehicles and equipment

Off-road vehicles and mobile equipment using gasoline, liquid petroleum gas, and compressed natural gas in mining, construction, agriculture, commercial purposes, logging, railway maintenance, airport ground support; lawn and garden equipment using gasoline, liquid petroleum gas, or compressed natural gas; and recreational vehicles using gasoline, liquid petroleum gas, and compressed natural gas.

Rail transportation

Freight and passenger trains, including yard switching activities.

Tire wear and brake lining

Tire and brake lining wear from all categories of road transportation.

Animal production

Animal housing, manure storage, and application of manure to the field

Crop production

Application of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, tillage, and crop harvesting.

Fuel use

Stationary combustion sources in agricultural facilities such as space and water heating and crop drying.

Cigarette smoking

Mainstream cigarette smoke, which is directly exhaled by the smoker and sidestream smoke, which is directly released from burning cigarettes.

Commercial and institutional fuel combustion

External combustion sources used for space/water heating in commercial establishments, health and educational institutions and government/public administration facilities.

Commercial cooking

Cooking meat and french fries in commerical foodservice operations.

Construction fuel combustion

Combustion of fossil fuels used for space heating and the heating of construction materials, such as concrete.

Home firewood burning

Burning of fuel wood and pellets for space heating and hot water. Includes emissions from fireplaces, wood stoves and wood-fired boilers.

Human

Human respiration, perspiration and dental amalgams.

Marine cargo handling

Handling, loading and unloading of materials, goods and merchandise from ships to docks.

Residential fuel combustion

Combustion of fossil fuels used for space/water heating in residences.

Service stations

Fuel transfers and storage at service stations, as well as individuals refueling vehicles and off-road equipment.

Other miscellaneous sources

Infant-diapered waste and facility-reported data from sectors that are not included elsewhere.

Crematoriums

Combustion of caskets and human bodies, as well as companion animals.

Waste incineration

Incinerators used to combust municipal solid waste and recover energy.

Waste treatment and diposal

Disposal sites used for a variety of wastes, such as domestic, commercial, hazardous, liquid and non-hazardous solid industrial wastes as well as sewage sludge and from on-site burning of residential waste materials in backyard barrels or open-pit burning.

Dry cleaning

Dry cleaning of fabric and leather items.

General solvent use

Broad range of applications occurring in residential, commercial, industrial and institutional locations. Industrial applications include uses such as: degreasing, adhesives and sealants, aerosols, blowing agents, and resin manufacturing. The use of consumer and commercial products, pesticides and personal care products are also included.

Printing

Manufacturing or use of printing inks, which includes: flexographic, gravure, letterpress, lithographic and other printing.

Surface coatings

Broad range of applications and industries, including individuals and companies engaged in the manufacturing or use of paints and coatings.

Coal transportation

Transportation of coal by train or truck.

Construction operations

Soil disturbance on construction sites (residential, industrial-commercial-institutional (ICI), engineering).

Mine tailings

Wind erosion at mine tailings ponds located on active and inactive mine sites.

Paved roads

Re-suspension of particulate matter by vehicles travelling on paved roads.

Unpaved roads

Re-suspension of particulate matter by vehicles travelling on unpaved roads.

Prescribed forest burning

Controlled fires used for land management treatments such as reducing logging residues, managing forest production, controlling insects, and minimizing the potential for destructive wildfires. Excludes the burning of agricultural residues.

Structural fires

Vehicle fires (including trains and airplanes) and fires that burn buildings.