Annex 4: Areas of Concern

The purpose of this Annex is to restore water quality and ecosystem health in Areas of Concern.

Areas of Concern (AOCs) are geographic areas in the Great Lakes that were identified in the mid-1980s because water quality and ecosystem health had been severely degraded by human activities to the point that beneficial uses were impaired. Restoring these areas not only benefits the local community, it also contributes to improving water quality and ecosystem health throughout the Great Lakes. Forty-three locations were formally recognized as AOCs by Canada and the United States pursuant to the 1987 Protocol to the Canada-United States Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement: 12 in Canada, 26 in the United States and five binational AOCs that are shared by the two countries.

The environmental degradation within AOCs is primarily a legacy of the past caused by industrial activities, agriculture, urban and rural runoff, municipal wastewater effluents, land-use planning and practices on urban and rural lands. These past practices resulted in degraded water quality, contaminated river and lake sediment, and severely impacted fish and wildlife populations and habitats.

Working with community members and local governments, Canada and Ontario are implementing Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) to restore beneficial uses within the AOCs. Considerable progress has been made and, by 2010, three of the Canadian AOCs had been fully remediated and officially delisted (no longer deemed to be an AOC): Collingwood Harbour in 1994, Severn Sound in 2003, and Wheatley Harbour in 2010. Two additional Canadian AOCs have had all recommended remedial actions completed and have been recognized as being in recovery: Spanish Harbour in 1999 and Jackfish Bay in 2011. Environmental monitoring is continuing to confirm restoration of water quality and ecosystem processes.

In the remaining Canadian and binational AOCs, continued efforts are needed to complete implementation of the RAPs to restore ecosystem quality. This Annex includes initiatives that directly support the restoration and protection of environmental quality and beneficial uses in AOCs. This will contribute to the long-term goal of delisting the remaining AOCs and ensuring that environmental improvements achieved through the AOC process are sustained.

Canada and Ontario will:

1. (a) Promote the reduction of microbial and other contaminants and excessive nutrients from urban stormwater sources in the Bay of Quinte by working with local governments, First Nations and stakeholders to identify preferred options to address stormwater controls and promote and monitor the completion of the planning for these facilities; and
   
2. (b) Promote and monitor upgrades to the Township of Red Rock’s sewage treatment facility from primary to secondary treatment in the Nipigon Bay AOC.

Ontario will:

1. (c) Apply regulatory measures as appropriate to reduce the quantity and improve the quality of municipal and industrial wastewater in AOCs; and
   
2. (d) Continue its regulatory oversight to ensure measures are in place and are being implemented to reduce the migration of pollutants from contaminated municipal and industrial sites within the Nipigon Bay, Peninsula Harbour, Niagara River, Bay of Quinte, and St. Lawrence River (Cornwall) AOCs.

Canada and Ontario will:

1. (a) Identify and promote the implementation of urban and rural non-point source priority actions for delisting in the Bay of Quinte and Niagara River AOCs by providing technical advice, workshops, education and outreach materials, and support for landowner contact programs, environmental stewardship projects and beneficial management practices; and
   
2. (b) Complete the development and promote implementation of the Bay of Quinte phosphorus reduction strategy based on the most up-to-date science and information.

Canada and Ontario will:

1. (a) Continue to implement the long-term sediment monitoring plan in the Niagara River AOC and the administrative controls for monitored natural recovery according to the Lyons Creek East Contaminated Sediment Strategy;
   
2. (b) Provide support as needed for the coordination of the Lyons Creek East Contaminated Sediment Strategy administrative controls;
   
3. (c) Continue to implement the Trent River Mouth administrative controls and associated long-term monitoring;
   
4. (d) Provide support as needed for the coordination of the Trent River Mouth administrative controls;
   
5. (e) Continue to monitor the contaminated sediment deposits along the Cornwall waterfront in accordance with the Cornwall Sediment Strategy monitoring plan;
   
6. (f) Continue to implement the Cornwall Sediment Strategy as outlined in the Cornwall Sediment Strategy Accord and Protocol (2005); and
   
7. (g) Provide support as appropriate for the coordination of the Cornwall Sediment Strategy administrative controls.

Canada and Ontario will:

1. (a) Support the completion of key actions to restore fish and wildlife habitats and populations identified in the 2010 Niagara River RAP Stage 2 Update report and complete the status assessment of fish populations; and
   
2. (b) Support the completion of key actions to restore fish habitats and populations identified in the Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan Stage 2 report and continue to promote the integration of the fish habitat management plan, fisheries management plan and the natural heritage strategy into municipal and regional official plans in the Bay of Quinte AOC.

Canada and Ontario will:

1. (a) Consult with the community on the status of environmental recovery, completion of actions for delisting, and monitoring needs in the Nipigon Bay, Peninsula Harbour, Niagara River and Bay of Quinte AOCs;
   
2. (b) Support the activities of the Nipigon Bay, Peninsula Harbour, Niagara River and the Bay of Quinte RAP implementation teams to coordinate and implement projects, report on progress, facilitate community engagement and consultation, and promote adoption of mechanisms to sustain long-term environmental protection;
   
3. (c) Support the activities of public outreach and community groups involved in the communication and implementation of RAPs in the Nipigon Bay, Peninsula Harbour, Niagara River, Bay of Quinte and St. Lawrence River (Cornwall) AOCs; and
   
4. (d) Identify opportunities and mechanisms to communicate and collaborate with First Nations in AOCs during the process of delisting an AOC or designating it as an AOC in Recovery.

Canada and Ontario will:

1. (a) Finalize and implement monitoring plans to confirm status of impaired beneficial uses in the Nipigon Bay, Peninsula Harbour, Niagara River and Bay of Quinte AOCs;
   
2. (b) Complete assessments of beneficial use impairments and delisting or AOC in Recovery reports as appropriate for the Nipigon Bay, Peninsula Harbour, Niagara River and Bay of Quinte AOCs; and
   
3. (c) Complete the environmental status reports for the Nipigon Bay, Peninsula Harbour, Niagara River, Bay of Quinte and St. Lawrence River (Cornwall) AOCs and formally transmit the reports to the International Joint Commission for comment.

Ontario will:

1. (d) Implement the long-term monitoring program of Peninsula Harbour contaminated sediment.

Canada and Ontario will:

1. (a) Promote eligible investments that support the delisting of AOCs and improve the water quality of the Great Lakes as priority considerations under applicable infrastructure and other funding programs;
   
2. (b) Continue to promote and monitor implementation of priority actions related to sewage treatment plant upgrades in the Hamilton Harbour AOC;
   
3. (c) Continue to identify and promote implementation of the priority actions to address combined sewer overflows and storm water management as appropriate in the Thunder Bay, St. Marys River, St. Clair River, Hamilton Harbour, and Toronto and Region AOCs;
   
4. (d) Continue to provide support to AOC municipalities, as appropriate, to:
   1. Research, develop and demonstrate potentially cost-effective approaches and technologies for storm water management;
   2. Prepare/update combined sewer overflow and storm water management plans as appropriate in the Thunder Bay, St. Marys, Hamilton Harbour, and Toronto and Region AOCs; and
   3. Conduct pre-implementation studies, such as environmental study reports, sustainable asset management plans, environmental management plans, and integrated watershed management plans, to prepare AOC municipalities to identify and address infrastructure requirements.

Ontario will:

1. (e) Apply regulatory, policy and voluntary measures as appropriate to reduce the quantity and improve the quality of municipal and industrial wastewater combined sewer overflows and storm water in the Thunder Bay, St. Marys River, St. Clair River, Hamilton Harbour, and Toronto and Region AOCs;
   
2. (f) Track decommissioning of industrial facilities in the St. Clair River AOC to ensure RAP delisting targets are met; and
   
3. (g) Continue its regulatory oversight to ensure measures are in place and are being implemented to reduce the migration of pollutants from contaminated municipal and industrial sites within the Thunder Bay, St. Marys River, St. Clair River, Detroit River, Hamilton Harbour, and Toronto and Region AOCs.

Canada and Ontario will:

1. (a) Identify and support rural and urban non-point source priority actions for delisting in the St. Clair River, Hamilton Harbour, and Toronto and Region AOCs by:
   1. Working with local communities to collect and evaluate data and use tools such as models to determine and target priority areas for reductions to achieve delisting criteria;
   2. Transferring technologies and information on best management practices on farms and rural properties;
   3. Providing technical advice and outreach materials to promote awareness and stewardship initiatives regarding sources of non-point source contaminants and actions that reduce non-point source pollution;
   4. Assisting land-owners to access funding for projects that improve farm management practices; and
   5. Supporting environmental stewardship projects and application of best management practices.

Canada and Ontario will:

1. (a) Complete the development of contaminated sediment management strategies for the Thunder Bay (North Harbour site), St. Marys River (east of Bellevue Marine Park site) and St. Clair River AOCs;
   
2. (b) With the local community, begin implementation of the Randle Reef Contaminated Sediment Management Project in the Hamilton Harbour AOC;
   
3. (c) Provide technical support and advice for the characterization and development of sediment management strategies for contaminated slips in the Hamilton Harbour AOC;
   
4. (d) Undertake monitoring to confirm restoration of beneficial uses in areas where sediment remediation has been completed (Thunder Bay NOWPARC site, St. Clair River Zone 1 and Detroit River – Turkey Creek); and
   
5. (e) Develop a framework for monitored natural recovery.

Canada will:

1. (f) As part of the federal Port Hope Area Initiative, continue to lead the funding, planning, oversight and implementation of plans to address contaminated sediment in Port Hope Harbour.

Canada and Ontario will:

1. (a) Make progress on fish and wildlife habitat protection and rehabilitation priority actions in the St. Marys River, St. Clair River, Hamilton Harbour, and Toronto and Region AOCs through collaboration and community involvement;
   
2. (b) Support the completion of key actions to restore fish and wildlife habitat and populations identified in the 2010 Detroit River RAP Stage 2 report; and
   
3. (c) Implement priority actions required for delisting the Toronto and Region and Hamilton Harbour AOCs as identified in fisheries management and natural heritage plans and strategies, such as the Toronto Waterfront Aquatic Habitat Restoration Strategy, and the Fish and Wildlife Habitat Project Plan for Hamilton Harbour.

Canada and Ontario will:

1. (a) Support existing local community RAP implementation groups in the St. Clair River, Detroit River, Hamilton Harbour, Thunder Bay, St. Marys River, and Toronto and Region AOCs;
   
2. (b) Provide information, opportunities and support for community input, consultation and participation on RAP projects and initiatives through education, outreach, workshops, technology transfer and funding;
   
3. (c) Collaborate with local community RAP implementation groups and the Great Lakes community, as needed, to prepare, update and publish RAP progress reports, beneficial use impairment status reports, and information materials, and to maintain current websites; and
   
4. (d) Identify opportunities and mechanisms to communicate and collaborate with First Nations in AOCs during the development and implementation of priority actions.

Canada and Ontario will:

1. (a) Review and revise/update delisting criteria as appropriate in the Thunder Bay, St. Marys River, and Toronto and Region AOCs;
   
2. (b) Develop and implement AOC specific monitoring plans to track progress toward environmental recovery and meeting delisting targets in consultation with AOC communities for the Thunder Bay, St Marys River, Detroit River, St. Clair River, Hamilton Harbour and Toronto and Region AOCs. This will be accomplished through agency programs or by providing scientific, technical and funding support and collaborative arrangements with local organizations as required;
   
3. (c) Provide an updated report on the status of beneficial use impairments in the remaining twelve AOCs and the AOCs in recovery by March 31, 2016; and
   
4. (d) Identify and promote science and remedial actions in the Thunder Bay, St. Marys River, St. Clair River, Hamilton Harbour, and Toronto and Region AOCs with a target of increasing the number of beneficial use impairments designated as “not impaired” by 25%.

Canada and Ontario will:

1. (a) Continue to monitor environmental conditions in Wheatley Harbour and report by March 31, 2016 on the results;
   
2. (b) Undertake contaminant exposure assessments for areas of contaminated sediment in Spanish Harbour as part of its AOC in Recovery Monitoring Plan;
   
3. (c) Implement post-delisting monitoring and reporting as may be required for delisted AOCs identified in Goal 1 of this Annex; and
   
4. (d) Continue to implement the Jackfish Bay AOC in Recovery Monitoring Plan.