References

Ahrens L, Barber JL, Xie Z, Ebinghaus R. 2009. Longitudinal and latitudinal distribution of perfluoroalkyl compounds in the surface water of the Atlantic Ocean. Environ Sci Technol 43(9): 3122–3127.

Arp HPH, Niederer C, Goss K-U. 2006. Predicting the partitioning behaviour of various fluorinated compounds. Environ Sci Technol 40 (23): 7298-7304.

Begley TH, White K, Honigfort P, Twaroski ML, Neches R, Walker RA. 2005. Perfluorochemicals: potential sources of and migration from food packaging. Food Addit Contam 22(10): 1023–1031

Beneficemalouet S, Blancou H, Itier J, Commeyras A. 1991. An improved synthesis of perfluorocarboxylic acids. Synthesis (Stuttg): 647–648.

Benninghoff AD, Field JA, Williams DE. 2007. In vitro and in vivo assessment of the estrogen activity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and other structurally diverse perfluorinated chemicals. 46th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology. Charlotte, North Carolina, March 25–29

Berger U, Herzke D, 2006. Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAs) extracted from textile samples. Organohal Compds 68, 2023-2026

Bernett MK, Zisman WA. 1959. Wetting of low-energy solids by aqueous solutions of highly fluorinated acids and salts. J Phys Chem 63:1911-1916.

Blancou H, Moreau P, Commeyras A. 1976. Preparation of perfluoroalkane carboxylic and sulfonic-acid derivatives by the action of metallic couples on perfluoroalkyl iodides in dimethyl-sulfoxide. J Chem Soc Chem Commun: 885–886.

Bossi R, Riget FF, Dietz R. 2005. Temporal and spatial trends of perfluorinated compounds in ringed seal (Phoca hispida) from Greenland. Environ Sci Technol 39:7416–7422.

Boudreau TM, Sibley P, Mabury SA, Muir DCG, Solomon K. 2002. Toxicity of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids of different chain length to selected freshwater organisms. In: Department of Environmental Biology, Master’s Thesis; University of Guelph: Guelph (ON). p 134.

Boulanger B, Peck AM, Schnoor JL, Hornbuckle KC. 2005a. Mass budget of perfluorooctane surfactants in Lake Ontario. Environ Sci Technol39:74–79.

Boulanger B, Vargo JD, Schnoor JL, Hornbuckle KC. 2005b. Evaluation of perfluorooctane surfactants in a wastewater treatment system in a commercial surface protection product. Environ Sci Technol 39:5524–5530.

Bradley EL, Read WA, Castle L, 2007. Investigation into the migration potential of coating materials from cookware products. Food Add Contami 24(3): 326-335

Butt CM, Stock NL, Mabury SA, Muir DCG, Braune BM. 2007a. Prevalence of long-chain perfluorinated carboxylates in seabirds from the Canadian Arctic between 1975 and 2004. Environ Sci Technol 41:3521–3528

Butt CM, Muir DCG, Stirling I, Kwan M, Mabury SA. 2007b. Rapid response of Arctic ringed seals to changes in perfluroalkyl production. Environ Sci Technol 41 (1): 42-49.

Butt CM, Mabury SA, Kwan M, Wang X, Muir DCG. 2008. Spatial trends of perfluoroalkyl compounds in ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from the Canadian Arctic. Environ Toxicol Chem 27(3):542–553.

Canada. 1995. Toxic Substances Management Policy. Ottawa (ON): Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada (Environment Canada). Available from: https://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/En40-499-1-1995E.pdf (PDF 491 kB) [reprinted 2004]

Canada. 1999. Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. S.C., 1999, c. 33, Canada Gazette. Part III, vol. 22, no. 3. Available from: https://www.canadagazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p3/1999/g3-02203.pdf (PDF 1.6 MB)

Canada. 2000. Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999: Persistence and Bioaccumulation Regulations, P.C. 2000-348, 23 March, 2000, SOR/2000-107, Canada Gazette, Part II, vol. 134, no. 7, p. 607-612. Available from: https://www.canadagazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2000/2000-03-29/pdf/g2-13407.pdf (PDF 1.9 MB)

Conder JM, Hoke RA, de Wolf W, Russell MH, Buck RC. 2008. Are PFCAs bioaccumulative? A britical review and comparison with regulatory criteria and persistent lipophilic compounds. Environ Sci Technol 42:995–1003.

Crozier P, Furdui V, Lucaciu C, Stock N, Mabury SA, Reiner E. 2005. Detection of perfluoro-alkyl compounds (PFCs) in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and biosolids by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Fluoros International Symposium on Fluorinated Alkyl Organics in the Environment,2005, August 18–20.

Del Vento, S., Codling, G., Ahrens, L., Ebinghuas, R., Jones, KC, Halsall, CJ. 2009. Perfluoroalkylcompounds in the Arctic marine system: air, snow, water and sea-ice. Poster presentation at SETAC North America, New Orleans, November 2009.

De Silva AO, Mabury SA. 2004. Isolating isomers of perfluorocarboxylates in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from two geographical locations. Environ Sci Technol 38:6538–6545.

De Silva A, Spencer C, Scott B, Sekela M, Gledhill M, Rondeau B, Backus S, Muir D. 2009. Perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids and polyfluoroalkyls phosphoric acids in Canadian rivers. Poster presentation at SETAC North America, New Orleans, November 2009.

Dietz R, Bossi R, Riget FF, Sonne S, Born EW.2008. Increasing perfluoroalykl contaminants in east Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus): a new toxic threat to the Arctic bears. Environ Sci Technol 42(7):2701–2707.

Dinglasan MJA, Mabury SA. 2005. Evidence of 8:2 OHFT production from the biodegradation of 8:2 telomer methacrylate under aerobic conditions. Fluoros International Symposium on Fluorinated Alkyl Organics in the Environment,2005, August 18–20.

Dinglasan MJA, Ye Y, Edwards EA, Mabury SA. 2004. Fluorotelomer alcohol biodegradation yields poly- and perfluorinated acids. Environ Sci Technol38:2857–2864.

Dinglasan-Panlilio MJA, Mabury SA. 2006. Significant residual fluorinated alcohols present in various fluorinated materials. Environ Sci Technol 40(5):1447–1453.

Dreyer, A., Weinberg, I., Temme, C., Ebinghaus, R. 2009. Polyfluorinated compounds in the atmosphere of the Atlantic and Southern oceans: evidence for a global distribution. Environ Sci Technol 43 (17): 6507-6514

Ellis DA, Mabury SA, Martin JW, Stock NL. 2004a. Environmental Review of Other (non-C8) Perfluorocarboxylic Acids (PFCAs). Prepared under contract for Existing Substances Branch, Environment Canada. Gatineau (QC). 68 pp.

Ellis DA, Martin JW, De Silva AO, Mabury SA, Hurley MD, Sulbaek Andersen MP, Wallington TJ. 2004b. Degradation of fluorotelomer alcohols: A likely source of perfluorinated carboxylic acids. Environ Sci Technol 38:3316––3321.

Environment Canada. 2001. Primary Report on PFAs from Section 71 survey prepared by Use Patterns Section, Chemicals Control Division, Commercial Chemicals Evaluation Branch. Gatineau (QC).

Environment Canada. 2005. Report on PFCAs results of notice issued under Section 71 CEPA for 2004 calendar year.

Environment Canada and Health Canada. 2006. New Substances Evaluation: An Update to Environmental and Human Health Assessments – NSN Nos. 12763, 12798, 12863, 13211 and 13395.

Fasano WJ, Carpenter SC, Gannon SA, Snow TA, Stadler JC, Kennedy GL, Buck RC, Korzeniowski SH, Hinderliter PM, Kemper RA, 2006. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of 8-2 fluorotelomer alcohol in the rat. Toxicol Sci 91(2), 341-355

Fasano WJ, Carpenter SC, Gannon SA, Snow TA, Stadler JC, Kennedy GL, Buck RC, Korzeniowski SH, Hinderliter PM, Kemper RA, 2008. Erratum: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of 8-2 fluorotelomer alcohol in the rat. Toxicol Sci 102(2): 455

Fontell K, Lindman B. 1983. Fluorocarbon surfactants - phase-equilibria and phase structures in aqueous systems of a totally fluorinated fatty-acid and some of tts salts. J Phys Chem 87:3289-3297.

Furdui VI, Stock N, Ellis DA, Butt CM, Whittle DM, Crozier PW, Reiner EJ, Muir DCG, Mabury SA. 2007. Spatial distribution of perfluroalkyl contaminants in lake trout from the Great Lakes. Environ Sci Technol 41(5):1554–1559.

Furdui VI, Helm PA, Crozier PW, Lucaciu C, Reiner EJ, Marvin CH, Whittle DM, Mabury SA, Tomy GT. 2008. Temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl compounds with isomer analysis in lake trout from Lake Ontario (1979–2004). Environ Sci Technol 42:4739–4744.

Gauthier SA, Mabury SA. 2005. Aqueous photolysis of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:1837–1846.

Gebbink WA, Burgess N, Champoux L, Elliot JE, Hebert CE, Martin P, Wayland M, Chip Weseloh DV, Wilson L, Letcher RJ. 2009a. Perfluoroalkyl compounds in the eggs of four species of gulls (Larids) from breeding sites spanning Atlantic to Pacific Canada. SETAC North America, 30th Annual Meeting, New Orleans,LA.

Gebbink WA, Hebert CE, Letcher RJ. Perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates and precursor compounds in herring gull eggs from colonies spanning the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. 2009b. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43: 7443-7449.

Goss, K-U. 2008. The pKa values of PFOA and other highly fluorinated carboxylic acids. Environ Sci Technol 42: 456-458

Gray JS. 2002. Biomagnification in marine systems: the perspective of an ecologist. Mar Poll Bull 45:46–52.

Gulkowska A, Falandysz J, Taniyasu S, Bochentin I, Ka So M, Yamashita N. 2005. Perfluorinated chemicals in blood of fish and waterfowl from Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic Sea. Poster presented at Fluoros 2005. August 2005.

Guo Z, Liu X, Krebs KA, Roache NF. 2009. Perfluorocarboxylic acid content in 116 articles of commerce EPA/600/R-09/33. Research Triangle Park (NC) : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Hagen DF, Belisle J, Johnson JD, Venkateswarlu P, 1981. Characterization of fluorinated metabolites by a gas chromatographic-helium microwave plasma detector - The biotransformation of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanol to perfluorooctanoate. Anal Biochem 118(2): 336-343

Hare EF, Shafrin EG, Zisman WA, 1954. Properties of films of adsorbed fluorinated acids. J Phys Chem 58(3): 236-239

HaukÅs M, Berger U, Hop H, Gulliksen B, Gabrielsen, GW. 2007. Bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in selected species from the Barents Sea food web. Environ Pollut 148:360–371.

Herbst L, Hoffmann H, Kalus J, Reizlein K, Schmelzer U, Ibel K. 1985. Small-angle neutron-scattering on nematic lyotropic liquid-crystals. Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 89(10):1050-1064.

Higgins CP, Field JA, Criddle CS, Luthy RG. 2005. Quantitative determination of perfluorochemicals in sediments and domestic sludge. Environ Sci Technol 39: 3946-3956

Higgins CP, Luthy RG. 2006. Sorption of perfluorinated surfactants on sediments. Environ Sci Technol 40: 7251-7256

Higgins CP, McLeod PB, MacManus-Spencer LA, Luthy RG. 2007. Bioaccumulation of perfluorochemicals in sediments by the aquatic oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. Environ Sci Technol 41:4600–4606.

Hoke R, Bouchelle L, Ferrell B, Sloman T, Rivenbark J. 2009. Comparative acute toxicity of a suite of polyfluorinated acids to green algae, an invertebrate and freshwater fish. Poster presentation. SETAC North America, 30th Annual Meeting, New Orleans,LA.

Holmström KE, Berger U. 2008. Tissue distribution of perfluorinated surfactants in common guillemot (Uria aalge) from the Baltic Sea. Environ Sci Technol 42: 5879–5884.

Hori H, Yamamoto A, Hayakawa E, Taniyasu S, Yamashita N, Kutsuna S, Kiatagawa H, Arakawa R. 2005a. Efficient decomposition of environmentally persistent perfluorocarboyxlic acids by use of persulfate as a photochemical oxidant. Environ Sci Technol39:2383–2388.

Hori H, Yamamoto A, Katsuna S. 2005b. Efficient photochemical decomposition of long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids by means of an aqueous/liquid CO2 biphasic system. Environ Sci Technol 39:7692–7697.

Hori H, Nagaoka Y, Murayama M, Kutsuna S. 2008. Efficient decomposition of perfluorocarboxylic acids and alternative fluorochemical surfactants in hot water. Environ Sci Technol 42(19):7238–7443.

Houde M, Wells RS, Fair PA, Bossart GD, Hohn AA, Rowles TK, Sweeney JC, Solomon KR, Muir DCG. 2005. Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in free-ranging dolphins (Tursiops truncates) from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Environ Sci Technol39:6591–6598.

Houde M, Bujas TAD, Small J, Wells RS, Fair PA, Bossart GD, Solomon KR, Muir, DCG. 2006a. Biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl compounds in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) food web. Environ Sci Technol 40:4138–4144.

Houde M, Martin JW, Letcher RJ, Solomon KR, Muir DG. 2006b. Biological monitoring of polyfluoroalkyl substances: a review. Environ Sci Technol 40:3463–3473.

Houde M, Balmer BC, Brandsma S, Wells RS, Rowles TK, Solomon KR, Muir DCG. 2006c. Perfluoroalkyl compounds in relation to life-history and reproductive parameters in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA. Environ Toxicol Chem 25(9): 405–2412.

Huang B-N, Haas A, Lieb M, 1987. A new method for the preparation of perfluorocarboxylic acids. J Fluor Chem 36: 49-62.

Hurley MD, Andersen MPS, Wallington TJ, Ellis DA, Martin JW, Mabury SA. 2004. Atmospheric chemistry of perfluorinated carboxylic acids: reaction with OH radicals and atmospheric lifetimes. J Phys Chem A 108:615–620.

Ishibashi H, Iwata H, Kim E-Y, Tao L, Kannan K, Tanabe S, Batoev V, Petrov E. 2008a.Contamination and effects of perfluorochemicals in Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica). 2. molecular characterization, expression level, and transcriptional activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a. Environ Sci Technol 42: 2302-2308.

Ishibashi H, Iwata H, Kim E-Y, Tao L, Kannan K, Amano M, Miyazaki N, Tanabe S, Batoev VB, Petrov E. 2008b. Contamination and effects of perfluorochemicals in Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica). 1. Residue level, tissue distribution, and temporal trend. Environ Sci Technol 42: 2295–2301.

Ishikawa N, Takahashi M, Sato T, Kitazume T. 1983. Ultrasound-promoted direct carboxylation of perfluoroalkyl iodides. J Fluor Chem 22: 585-587.

Ikawa Y, Tsuru S, Murata Y, Okawauchi M, Shigematsu M, Sugihara, G. 1988. A pressure and temperature study on solubility and micelle formation of sodium perfluorodecanoate in aqueous-solution. J Solution Chem 17:125–137.

Kaiser MA, Larsen BS, Kao C-P, Buck, RC. 2005. Vapor pressures of perfluorooctanoic, -nonanoic, -decanoic, -undecanoic, and -dodecanoic acids. J Chem Eng Data50:1841–1843.

Kannan K, Yun SH, Evans TJ. 2005. Chlorinated, brominated and perfluorinated contaminants in livers of polar bears from Alaska. Environ Sci Technol39:9057–9063.

Kauck EA, Diesslin AR. 1951. Some properties of perfluorocarboxylic acids. Ind Eng Chem 43:2332–2334.

Katz S, Muir D, Gamberg M. 2009. Bioaccumulation of perfluorinated compounds in the vegetation-caribou-wolf food chain In: Smith S, Stow J, Edwards J, editors. Synopsis of research conducted under the 2008-2009 Northern Contaminants Program. Ottawa, Ontario: Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. p. 215- 220.

Kelly BC, Gobas FAPC, McLachlan MS. 2004. Intestinal absorption and biomagnification of organic contaminants in fish, wildlife and humans. Enviro Toxicol Chem 23(10):2324–2336.

Key BD, Howell RD, Criddle CS. 1997. Fluorinated organics in the biosphere. Environ Sci Technol 31:2445–2454.

Kissa E. 1994. Fluorinated Surfactants. Synthesis Properties Applications. New York (NY): Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Klevens HB, Raison M, 1954. Association dans les perfluoroacides. III. Etudes des tensions superficielles J Chim Phys Physicochim Biol51

Knudsen LB, BorgÅ K, JØrgensen EH, van Bavel B, Schlabach M, Verreault J, Gabrielsen GW. 2007. Halogenated organic contaminants and mercury in northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis): levels, relationships to dietary descriptors and blood to liver comparison. Environ Pollut 146: 25–33.

Kudo N, Iwase Y, Okayachi H, Yamakawa Y, Kawashima Y, 2005. Induction of hepatic peroxisome proliferation by 8–2 telomer alcohol feeding in mice: formation of perfluorooctanoic acid in the liver Toxicol Sci 85(2): 231-238

Kunieda H, and Shinoda K. 1976. Krafft points, critical micelle concentrations, surface tension, and solubilizing power of aqueous solutions of fluorinated surfactants. J Phys Chem 80(22): 2468-2470

Lange CC. 2002. Biodegradation screen study for telomer-type alcohols. Minneapolis (MN): Pace Analytical Services. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency public docket AR226-1149

Lehlmer H-J, Oyewumi M-O, Jay M, Bummer, PM. 2001. Behaviour of partially fluorinated carboxylic acids at the air-water interface. J Fluor Chem 107:141-146.

Leonel, J., Kannan, K., Tao, L., Fillmann, G., and Montone, R.C. 2008. A baseline study of perfluorochemicals in Franciscana dolphins and Subantarctic fur seal from coastal waters of southern Brazil. Mar Pollut Bull 56: 770-797.

Li X, Yeung LWY, Taniyasu S, Li M, Zhang H, Liu D, Lam PKS, Yamashita N, Dai J. 2008. Perfluorooctanesulfonate and related fluorochemicals in the Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) from China. Environ Sci Technol 42: 7078–7083.

Liu J, Lee LS, Nies LF, Nakastu CH, Turco R. 2007. Biotransformation of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol in soil and by soil bacteria cultures. Environ Sci Technol 41: 8024–8030.

Liu W, Chen S, Quan, X, Jin Y-H. 2008. Toxic effect of serial perfluorosulfonic and perfluorocarboxylic acids on the membrane system of a freshwater alga measured by flow cytometry. Environ Toxicol Chem 27(7):1597–1604.

Loewen M, Halldorson T, Wang F, Tomy G. 2005. Fluorotelomer carboxylic acids and SPFO in rainwater from an urban centre in Canada. Environ Sci Technol 39:2944–2951.

Loewen M, Wania F, Wang F, Tomy G. 2008. Altitudinal transect of atmospheric and aqueous fluorinated organic compounds in western Canada. Environ Sci Technol 42(7):2374–2379.

Löfstrand K, Jörundsdóttir H, Tomy G, Svavarsson J, Weihe P, NygÅrd T, Bergman Å. 2008. Spatial trends of polyfluorinated compounds in guillemot (Uria aalge) eggs from north-western Europe. Chemosphere 72(10): 1475–1480.

Lucaciu C, Furdui V, Crozier P, Marvin C, Reiner E, Wania F, Mabury SA. 2004. Temporal study of perfluorinated alkyl substances in Niagara River suspended sediments. SETAC North America 26thAnnual Meeting2004, November 13–17.

Mackay D, Fraser A. 2000. Bioaccumulation of persistent organic chemicals: mechanisms and models. Environ Pollut 110:375–391.

Martin JW, Mabury SA, Solomon KR, Muir DCG. 2003a. Dietary accumulation of perfluorinated acids in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environ Toxicol Chem 22:189–195.

Martin JW, Mabury SA, Solomon KR, Muir DCG. 2003b. Bioconcentration and tissue distribution of perfluorinated acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environ Toxicol Chem 22:196–204.

Martin JW, Smithwick MM, Braune BM, Hoekstra PF, Muir DCG, Mabury SA. 2004a. Identification of long-chain perfluorinated acids in biota from the Canadian Arctic. Environ Sci Technol 38:373–380.

Martin JW, Whittle M, Muir DCG, Mabury SA. 2004b. Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in a food web from Lake Ontario. Environ Sci Technol 38:5379–5385.

Martin JW, Mabury SA, O’Brien PJ, 2005. Metabolic products and pathways of fluorotelomer alcohols in isolated rat hepatocytes. Chem Biol Interact 155:165-180

Mawn MP, McKay RG, Ryan TW, Szostek B, Powley CR, Buck RC, 2005. Determination of extractable perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water, sweat simulant, saliva simulant, and methanol from textile and carpet samples by LC/MS/MS. Analyst 130(5):670-678

Mekenyan O, Dimitrov S, Temelkov S. 2002. PFOS metabolic pathways and metabolic distributions: Generated by catabolic simulator (2001–2002). Results compiled and edited by P. Robinson, Existing Substances Branch, Environment Canada, Gatineau (QC).

Moody CA, Martin JW, Kwan WC, Muir DCG, Mabury SC. 2002. Monitoring perfluorinated surfactants in biota and surface water samples following an accidental release of fire-fighting foam into Etobicoke Creek. Environ Sci Technol 36:545–551.

Moroi Y, Yano H, Shibata O, Yonemitsu T. 2001. Determination of acidity constants of perfluoroalkanoic acids. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 74:667–672.

Mukerjee P, Handa T. 1981. Adsorption of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants to air-water, hexane-water, and perfluorohexane-water interfaces - relative affinities and fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon nonideality effects. J Phys Chem 85:2298–2303.

Myers AL, Crozier PW,Helm PA, Reiner EJ, Burniston D, Marvin CH, McCarry BE. 2009. Spatial distribution and temporal trends of perfluorinated compounds in Great Lakes sediments and surface waters. Poster presentation. SETAC North America, 30th Annual Meeting, New Orleans,LA.

Nabb DL, Szostek B, Himmelstein MW, Mawn MP, Gargas ML, Sweeney LM, Stadler JC, Buck RC, Fasano WJ, 2007. In vitro metabolism of 8-2 fluorotelomer alcohol: Interspecies comparisons and metabolic pathway refinement. Toxicol Sci 100(2): 333-344

Nakayama K, Iwata H, Tao L, Kannan K, Imoto M, Kim E-Y, Tashiro K, Tanabe S. 2008. Potential effects of perfluorinated compounds in common cormorants from Lake Biwa, Japan: an implication from the hepatic gene expression profiles by microarray. Environ Toxicol Chem 27(11):2378–2386.

[OECD] Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. 2007. Lists of PFOS, PFAS, PFOA, PFCA , related compounds and chemicals that may degrade to PFCA. ENV/JM/MONO (2006)15

Powley CR, Michalczyk MJ, Kaiser MA, Buxton LW, 2005. Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) extractable from the surface of commercial cookware under simulated cooking conditions by LC/MS/MS. Analyst 130(9):1299-1302

Powley GR, George SW, Russell MH, Hoke RA, Buck RC. 2008. Polyfluorinated chemicals in a spatially and temporally integrated food web in the Western Arctic. Chemosphere 70:664–672

Prevedouros K, Cousins IT, Buck RC, Korzeniowski SH. 2006. Sources, fate, and transport of perfluorocarboxylates. Environ Sci Technol 40:32–44.

Scott BF, Spencer C, Moody CA, Martin JW, Mabury SA, Mactavish D, Muir DCG. 2003. Determination of perfluoroalkanoic acids in the aquatic environment. Poster presented at SETAC Europe 23rd Annual Meeting, Hamburg, Germany.

Scott BF, Moody CA, Spencer C, Small JM, Muir DCG, Mabury SA. 2006a. Analysis for perfluorocarboxylic acids/anions in surface waters and precipitaton using GC-MS and analysis of PFOA from large-volume samples. Environ Sci Technol 40:6405–6410.

Scott BF, Spencer C, Mabury SA, Muir DCG. 2006b. Poly and perfluorinated carboxylates in North American precipitation. Environ Sci Technol 40(23):7167–7174

Shoeib M, Harner T, Wilford BH, Jones KC, Zhu J. 2005. Polyfluorinated compounds in the home: levels in air and dust and human exposure. Fluoros International Symposium on Fluorinated Alkyl Organics in the Environment,2005, August 18–20.

Shoeib M, Harner T, Vlahos,P. 2006. Perfluorinated chemicals in the Arctic atmosphere. Environ Sci Technol 40(24):7577–7583

Sigma-Aldrich Canada Ltd. 2004. Material Safety Data Sheet: Nonadecafluorodecanoic acid, product number 177741. Oakville Ontario.

Simcik MF, Dorweiler KJ. 2005. Ratio of perfluorochemical concentrations as a tracer of atmospheric deposition to surface waters. Environ Sci Technol 39:8678–8683.

Sinclair E, Kannan K. 2006. Mass loading and fate of perfluoroalkyl surfactants in wastewater treatment plants. Environ Sci Technol40(5):1408–1414.

Sinclair E, Kim SK, Akinleye HB, Kannan K, 2007. Quantitation of gas-phase perfluoroalkyl surfactants and fluorotelomer alcohols released from nonstick cookware and microwave popcorn bags. Environ Sci Technol 41(4):1180-1185

Smithwick M, Mabury SA, Solomon KR, Sonne C, Martin JW, Born EW, Dietz R, Derocher AE, Letcher RJ, Evans TJ, et al. 2005a. Circumpolar study of perfluoroalkyl contaminants in polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Environ Sci Technol39:5517–5523.

Smithwick M, Muir DCG, Mabury SA, Solomon KR, Martin JW, Sonne C, Born EW, Letcher RJ, Dietz R. 2005b. Perflouroalkyl contaminants in liver tissue from east Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Environ Toxicol Chem24:981–986.

Smithwick M, Norstrom RJ, Mabury SA, Solomon K, Evans TJ, Stirling I, Taylor MK, Muir DCG. 2006. Temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl contaminants in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from two locations in the North American Arctic, 1972-2002. Environ Sci Technol 40(4):1139–1143.

So MK, Taniyasu S, Yamashita N, Giesy JP, Zheng J, Fang Z, Im SH, Lam PK. 2004. Perfluorinated compounds in coastal waters of Hong Kong, South China, and Korea. Environ Sci Technol 38(15):4056–4063

Sonne C, Bossi ., Dietz R, Leiffson PS, Rigét FF, Born EW. 2007. Potential correlation between perfluorinated acids and liver morphology in east Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Toxicol Environ Chem 90(2):275–283.

Stern GA. 2009. Temporal trend studies of trace metals and halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs), including new and emerging persistent compounds, in Mackenzie River burbot, Fort Good Hope, NWT. In: Smith S, Stow J, Edwards J, editors. Synopsis of research conducted under the 2008-2009 Northern Contaminants Program. Ottawa, Ontario: Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. p. 164-171.

Stevenson CN, MacManus-Spencer LA, Luckenbach T, Luthy RG, Epel D. 2006a. New perspectives on perflurochemical ecotoxicology: inhibition and induction of an efflux transporter in the marine mussel, Mytilus californianus. Environ Sci Technol 40:5580–5585.

Stevenson R. 2006b. DRAFT State of the science review of the bioaccumulation of non C8 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). Environment Canada.

Stock NL, Muir DCG, Mabury, SA. 2005. Temporal trends of polyfluorinated sulphonamides and telomer alcohols in Toronto: results of a long-term sampling campaign. Fluoros International Symposium on Fluorinated Alkyl Organics in the Environment,2005, August 18–20.

Stock NL, Furdui VI, Muir DCG, Mabury SA. 2007. Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: evidence of atmospheric transport and local contamination. Environ Sci Technol 41:3529–3536.

Strynar MJ, Lindstrom AB. 2005. Perfluorinated compounds in archived house dust samples. Fluoros International Symposium on Fluorinated Alkyl Organics in the Environment, 2005, August 18–20.

Taniyasu S, Kannan K, So MK, Gulkowska A, Sinclair E, Okazawa T, Yamashita N, 2005. Analysis of fluorotelomer alcohols, fluorotelomer acids, and short- and long-chain perfluorinated acids in water and biota. J Chromatog A 1093(1-2):89-97

Tominaga N, Kohra S, Iguchi T, Arizono, K. 2004. Effects of perfluoro organic compound toxicity on nematode Caenorhabditis elegans fecundity. J Health Sci 50:545–550.

Tomy G, Pleskach K,Rosenberg B, Stern G. 2009a. Temporal trends of halogenated chemicals of emerging concern in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Hendrickson Island and Pangnirtung In: Smith S, Stow J, Edwards J, editors. Synopsis of research conducted under the 2008-2009 Northern Contaminants Program. Ottawa, Ontario: Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. p. 99 – 107.

Tomy G, Rosenberg B,Pleskach K, Fisk A,Ferguson S, Muir D, Marvin C. 2009b. Trophodynamics of some BFRs, PFCs current use pesticides and legacy persistent organic pollutants in a marine food web from Cumberland Sound. In: Smith S, Stow J, Edwards J, editors. Synopsis of research conducted under the 2008-2009 Northern Contaminants Program. Ottawa, Ontario: Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. p. 209 – 214.

Tomy GT, Pleskach K, Ferguson SH, Hare J, Stern G, MacInnis G, Marvin CH, Loseto L. 2009c. Trophodynamics of some PFCs and BFRs in a western Canadian Arctic marine food web. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43: 4076-4081

Tseng, C-L., Liu, L-L., Chen, C-M., and Ding, W-H. 2006. Analysis of perfluorooctanesulfonate and related fluorochemicals in water and biological tissue samples by liquid-chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatog A 1105 (1-2):119-126

van de Vijver KI, Hoff PT, Das K, Van Dongen W, Esmans EL, Jauniaux T, Bouquegneau JM, Blust R, De Coen W. 2003. Perfluorinated chemicals infiltrate ocean waters: link between exposure levels and stable isotope ratios in marine mammals. Environ Sci Technol 37:5545–5550.

van de Vijver KI, Hoff PT, Das K, Van Dongen W, Esmans EL, Sieber U, Bouquegneau JM, Blust R, De Coen WM. 2004. Baseline study of perfluorochemicals in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from northern Europe. Mar Pollut Bull48:986–1008.

van de Vijver KI, Hoff P, Das K, Brasseur S, Van Dongen W, Esmans E, Reijnders P, Blust R, De Coen W. 2005. Tissue distribution of perfluorinated chemicals in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the Dutch Wadden Sea. Environ Sci Technol39:6878–6884.

van de Vijver KI, Holsbeek L, Das K, Blust R, Joiris C, de Coen W. 2007. Occurrence of perfluorooctane sulfonate and other perfluorinated alkylated substances in harbour porpoises from the Black Sea. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41: 315-320

van den Heuvel-Greve M, Leonards P, Brasseur S, Kotterman M, Zabel A, Vethaak D. 2009. Bioaccumulation of perfluorinated compounds in a harbour seal food web of the Westerschelde, the Netherlands: a field study. Poster presentation. SETAC North America, 30th Annual Meeting, New Orleans,LA.

van Leeuwen SPJ, Kärrman A, Van Bavel B, De Boer J, Lindstrom G. 2006. Struggle for quality in determination of perfluorinated contaminants in environmental and human samples. Environ Sci Technol 40(24):7854–7860.

Verreault J, Houde M, Gabrielsen GW, Berger U, Haukäs M, Letcher RJ, Muir DCG. 2005. Perfluorinated alkyl substances in plasma, liver, brain, and eggs of glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) from the Norwegian Arctic. Environ Sci Technol39(19):7439–7445.

Verreault J, Berger U, Gabrielsen GW. 2007. Trends of perfluorinated alkyl substances in herring gull eggs from two coastal colonies in northern Norway: 1983–2003. Environ Sci Technol 41(19):6671–6677.

Wang J, Ober CK. 1999. Solid state crystalline and liquid crystalline structure of semifluorinated 1-bromoalkane compounds. Liq Cryst 26:637.

Wang N, Szostek B, Buck RC, Folsom PW, Sulecki LM, Capka V, Berti WR, Gannon JT. 2005a. Fluorotelomer alcohol biodegradation – direct evidence that perfluorinated carbon chains break down. Environ Sci Technol 39:7516–7528.

Wang N, Szostek B, Folsom PW, Sulecki LM, Capka V, Buck RC, Berti WR, Gannon JT. 2005b. Aerobic biotransformation of 14C-labeled 8-2 telomer B alcohol by activated sludge from a domestic sewage treatment plant. Environ Sci Technol39:531–538.

Wang Y, Yeung LWY, Taniyasu S, Yamashita N, Lam JCW, Lam PKS. 2008. Perfluorooctane sulfonate and other fluorochemicals in waterbird eggs from South China. Environ Sci Technol 42: 8146–8151.

Wallington TJ, Hurley MD, Xia J, Wuebbles DJ, Sillman S, Ito A, Penner JE, Ellis DA, Martin J, Mabury SA, et al. 2006. Formation of C7F15COOH (PFOA) and other perfluorocarboxylic acids during the atmospheric oxidation of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol. EnvironSci Technol 40:924–930.

Wania F. 2007. A global mass balance analysis of the source of perfluorocarboxylic acids in the Arctic Ocean. Environ Sci Technol 41:4529–4535.

Washburn ST, Bingman TS, Braithwaite SK, Buck RC, Buxton LW, Clewell HJ, Haroun LA, Kester JE, Rickard RW, Shipp AM, 2005. Exposure assessment and risk characterization for perfluorooctanoate in selected consumer articles. Environ Sci Technol 39(11):3904-3910

Waterland RL, Gannon J, Kaiser MA, Botelho MA, Harding TW, Ellison GB, Vaida V, Tuck AF, Murphy DM. 2005. Global transport of biogenic and anthropogenic surfactants on marine aerosols. Fluoros International Symposium on Fluorinated Alkyl Organics in the Environment,2005, August 18-20. (Poster ENV016).

Yamashita N, Kannan K, Taniyasu S, Horii Y, Okazawa T, Petrick G, Gamo T. 2004. Analysis of perfluorinated acids at parts-per-quadrillion levels in seawater using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol 38(21):5522–5528.

Yamashita N, Kannan K, Taniyasu S, Horii Y, Patrick G, Gamo T. 2005. A global survey of perfluorinated acids in oceans. Mar Pollut Bull 51:658–668.

Yeung LWY, Loi EIH, Wong VYY, Guruge KS, Yamanaka N, Tanimura N, Hasegawa J, Yamashita N, Miyazaki S, Lam PKS. 2009a. Biochemical responses and accumulation properties of long-chain perfluorinated compounds (PFOS/PFDA/PFOA) in juvenile chickens (Gallus gallus). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 57:377-386.

Yeung LWY, Miyake Y, Peng L, Taniyasu S, Kannan K, Guruge KS, Lam PKS, Yamashita N. 2009b. Comparison of total fluorine, extractable organic fluorine and perfluorinated compounds in the blood of wild and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)–exposed rats: evidence for the presence of other organofluorine compounds. Anal Chim Acta 635: 108–114.

Yeung LWY, Miyake Y, Wang Y, Taniyasu S, Yamashita N, Lam PKS. 2009b. Total fluorine, extractable organic fluorine, perfluorooctane sulfonate and other related fluorochemicals in liver of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) from South China. Environ Pollut 157: 17–23.

Yoo H, Kannan K, Kim SK, Lee KT, Newsted JL, Giesy JP. 2008. Perfluoroalkyl acids in the egg yolk of birds from Lake Shihwa, Korea. Environ Sci Technol 42: 5821–5827

Young CJ, Furdui VI, Franklin J, Koerner RM, Muir DCG, Mabury SA. 2007. Perfluorinated acids in Arctic snow: new evidence for atmospheric formation. Environ Sci Technol 41:3455–3461.

Page details

Date modified: