Follow-up to ecological risk assessment of organotin substances on domestic substances list: chapter 8

8. References

Analytical Bio-Chemistry Laboratories. 1990. Chronic toxicity of dibutyltin dichloride to Daphnia magna. Study sponsored by the Consortium of Tributyltin Manufacturers (Administrator: M&T Chemicals, Inc., Woodbridge, New Jersey). Analytical Bio-Chemistry Laboratories, Inc., Columbia, Missouri (ABC Final Report No. 38311).

Becker, E. 1992. Ableitung von Qualitatszielen zum Schutz Oberirdischer Binnengewasser für Organozinnverbindungen: Dibutylzinnverbindungen, Tetrabutylzinn, Tributylzinnverbindungen, Triphenylzinnverbindungen. Umweltbundesamt, Entwurf für den BLAK QZ, Stand 26.3 (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development data file) [cited in ECOTOX].

Borghi, V. and C. Porte. 2002. Organotin pollution in deep-sea fish from the northwestern Mediterranean. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36: 4224-4228.

Bryan, G.W., P.E. Gibbs and G.R. Burt. 1988. A comparison of the effectiveness of tri-n-butyltin chloride and five other organotin compounds in promoting the development of imposex in the dogwhelk, Nucella lapillus. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 68: 733-744 [cited in Maguire, 2000].

CCME. 1999. Canadian environmental quality guidelines. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Chau, Y.K., P.T.S. Wong, O. Kramar and G.A. Bengert. 1980. Methylation of tin in the aquatic environment. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, Amsterdam, September. 4 pp. [cited in Government of Canada, 1993].

Chau, Y.K., R.J. Maguire, M. Brown, F. Yang and S.P. Batchelor. 1997. Occurrence of organotin compounds in the Canadian aquatic environment five years after the regulation of antifouling uses of tributyltin. Water Qual. Res. J. Can. 32: 453-521.

Day, K.E., R.J. Maguire, D. Milani and S.P. Batchelor. 1998. Toxicity of tributyltin to four species of freshwater benthic invertebrates using spiked sediment bioassays. Water Qual. Res. J. Can. 33: 111-132.

de Vries, H., A.H. Penninks, N.J. Snoeij and W. Seinen. 1991. Comparative toxicity of organotin compounds to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yolk sac fry. Sci. Total Environ. 103: 229-243.

Environment Canada. 2006. Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. Risk assessment of new and transitional organotin substances. New Substances Division, Environment Canada. Draft report, February 2006. 39 pp.

Geiger, D.L., L.T. Brooke and D.J. Call. 1990. Acute toxicities of organic chemicals to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Vol. 5. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Superior, Superior, Wisconsin. p. 331 [cited in ECOTOX].

Gibbs, P.E., P.L. Pascoe and G.R. Burt. 1988. Sex changes in the female dogwhelk, Nucella lapillus, induced by tributyltin from antifouling paints. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 68: 715-731 [cited in Maguire, 2000].

Gitlitz, M.H. and M.K. Moran. 1983. Tin compounds. In: H.F. Mark, D.F. Othmer, C.G. Overberger and G.T. Seaborg (eds.), Kirk-Othmer encyclopaedia of chemical technology. 3rd ed. Vol. 23. J. Wiley and Sons, Toronto, Ontario. pp. 42-77 [cited in Maguire, 1992; Government of Canada, 1993].

Government of Canada. 1993. Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Priority Substances List assessment report. Non-pesticidal organotin compounds. Environment Canada and Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. 32 pp.

Government of Canada. 2000. Persistence and Bioaccumulation Regulations. Canada Gazette, Part II, Vol. 134, No. 7, March 29, 2000.

Government of Canada. 2003. Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Follow-up Report on a PSL 1 Substance for Which Data Were Insufficient to Conclude Whether the Substance Was "Toxic" to Human Health, Non-pesticidal Organotin Compounds, May, 2003.

Huang, G., Z. Bai, S. Dai and Q. Xie. 1993. Accumulation and toxic effects of organometallic compounds on algae. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 7: 373-380.

Huang, G., S. Dai and H. Sun. 1996. Toxic effects of organotin species on algae. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 10: 377-387.

Hunziker, R.W., B.I. Escher and R.P. Schwarzenbach. 2001. pH-dependence of partitioning of triphenyltin and tributyltin between phosphatidylcholine liposomes and water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35: 3899-3904.

IUCLID. 2002a. IUCLID data set: 3-Ethylhexyl-4,4-dibutyl-10-ethyl-7-oxo-8-oxa-3,5-dithia-4-stannatetradecanoate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database, European Chemicals Bureau (searched September 10, 2002). IUCLID. 2002b. IUCLID data set: n-Butyltin trichloride. International Uniform Chemical Information Database, European Chemicals Bureau (searched September 10, 2002).

Lytle, T.F., C.S. Manning, W.W. Walker, J.S. Lytle and D.S. Page. 2003. Life-cycle toxicity of dibutyltin to the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) and implications of the ubiquitous tributyltin impurity in test material. Appl. Organometal. Chem. 17: 653-661.

Maguire, R.J. 1992. Supporting document - environmental section. CEPA assessment of non-pesticidal organotin compounds. National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario. 239 pp. (Report 92-145).

Maguire, R.J. 2000. Review of the persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity of tributyltin (TBT) in aquatic environments in relation to Canada's Toxic Substances Management Policy. Water Qual. Res. J. Can. 35: 633-679.

Mamelona, J. and E. Pelletier. 2003. Butyltins biomagnification from macroalgae to green sea urchin: a field assessment. Appl. Organometal. Chem. 17: 759-766.

Meador, J.P. 2000. Predicting the fate and effects to tributyltin in marine systems. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 166: 1-48.

Nagase, H., T. Hamasaki, T. Sato, H. Kito, Y. Yoshioka and Y. Ose. 1991. Structure-activity relationships for organotin compounds on the red killifish, Oryzias latipes. Appl. Organometal. Chem. 5: 91-97.

Pest Management Regulatory Agency. 2000. Special review of organotin antifouling paints for ship hulls. Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. 5 pp. (Special Review Announcement 2000-01, May 9, 2000) [cited in Maguire, 2000].

Rapsomanikis, S., O.F.X. Donard and J.H. Weber. 1987. Methylation of tin (II) and lead (II) in sediments by carbanion donors. Appl. Organometal. Chem. 1: 115-118 [cited in Maguire, 1992].

Rouleau, C., C. Gobeil and H. Tjalve. 1998. Pharmacokinetics and distribution of dietary tributyltin compared to those of methylmercury in the American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 171: 275-284.

Schering AG. 1998. Acute immobilization test of mono-n-octyltin trichloride with Daphnia magna. Schering AG, Berlin, Germany. (Research Report No. IC16).

Shim, W.J., J.R. Oh, N.S. Kim and S.H. Lee. 1999. Contamination of butyl- and phenyltin compounds in sediment from shipyards in Korea. In: Proceedings of special session held at Oceans '99 on Treatment of Regulated Discharges from Shipyards and Drydocks, Seattle, Washington. The Marine Technology Society, Washington, D.C. pp. 129-144.

Shimasaki, Y., T. Kitano, Y. Oshima, S. Inoue, N. Imada and T. Honjo. 2003. Tributyltin causes masculinization in fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22: 141-144.

Steinhauser, K.G., W. Amann, A. Spath and A. Polenz. 1985. Investigations on the aquatic toxicity of organotin compounds. Vom Wasser 65: 203-214.

Takahashi, S., S. Tanabe and T. Kubodera. 1997. Butyltin residues in deep-sea organisms collected from Suruga Bay, Japan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31(11): 3103-3109.

Viglino, L., E. Pelletier and R. St-Louis. 2004. Highly persistent butyltins in northern marine sediments: a long-term threat for the Saguenay Fjord (Canada). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 23: 2673-2681.

Vinyl Council of Canada and the Tin Stabilizers Association. 2004. A Guideline for the Environmental Management of Tin Stabilizers in Canada. May 2004. 23 pp.

Walsh, G.E., L.L. McLaughlan, E.M. Lores, M.K. Louie and C.H. Deans. 1985. Effects of organotins on growth and survival of two marine diatoms, Skeletonema costatumand Thalassiosira pseudonana. Chemosphere 14: 383-392.

Weber, J.H. and J.J. Alberts. 1990. Methylation of Sn (IV) by hydroponically incubated Spartina alternifolia. Environ. Technol. 11: 3-8 [cited in Government of Canada, 1993].