Enhanced Fujita scale damage indicators and degrees of damage, chapter 10
Strip Malls (SM)
Typical Construction:
- Large, rectangular single-storey building with large surrounding parking lots
- Flat roof with parapet wall
- Built-up roofing or single-ply roof membrane with rigid insulation
- Wood or metal deck, wood-fiber cement panels
- Light-frame steel roof support with steel joists or joist girders
- Brick or concrete block wall construction
- Large window glass and glass entry doors
- Covered walkway attached to building
| DOD | Damage Description | EXP* | LB* | UB* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Threshold of visible damage | 105 | 85 | 130 |
| 2 | Uplift of roof covering at eaves and roof corners | 130 | 105 | 160 |
| 3 | Broken windows or glass doors | 140 | 115 | 170 |
| 4 | Uplift of roof decking | 165 | 135 | 195 |
| 5 | Collapsed façade or parapet walls | 165 | 135 | 200 |
| 6 | Covered walkways uplifted or collapsed | 165 | 140 | 200 |
| 7 | Uplift or collapse of entire roof structure | 195 | 165 | 230 |
| 8 | Collapse of exterior walls; closely spaced interior walls remain standing | 225 | 190 | 265 |
| 9 | Complete destruction of all or a large section of building | 275 | 235 | 320 |
*All wind speeds in km/h
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