Enhanced Fujita scale damage indicators and degrees of damage, chapter 20

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Institutional Buildings (IB)

Typical Construction:

Examples are hospitals, courthouses, university buildings, state and federal buildings, jails
Range in height from 1 to 10 storeys; balconies, porches and porticos with heavy façade
Roofing materials include fully adhered and mechanically fastened single-ply membranes, polyurethane foam, and copper-clad domes
Structure is normally reinforced concrete, relatively small windows
Walls are masonry with cut stone or pre-cast panels - may be very ornate

Table 20. Degree of Damage (DOD) for Expected (EXP), Lower Bound (LB) and Upper Bound (UB)
DOD	Damage Description	EXP*	LB*	UB*
1	Threshold of visible damage	115	95	140
2	Loss of roof covering (up to 20%)	140	115	175
3	Damage to penthouse roof and walls; loss of rooftop HVAC equipment	150	120	180
4	Broken glass in windows or doors	155	125	185
5	Uplift of lightweight roof deck and insulation; significant loss of roofing material (more than 20%)	185	155	220
6	Façade components torn from structure	190	155	225
7	Damage curtain walls or other wall cladding	210	175	245
8	Uplift of pre-cast concrete roof slabs	230	190	260
9	Uplift of metal deck with concrete fill slab	235	190	275
10	Collapse of some top story exterior walls	240	205	275
11	Complete destruction of all or a large portion of building	340	285	430

*All wind speeds in km/h

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Date modified:: 2014-05-07