Enhanced Fujita scale damage indicators and degrees of damage, chapter 23

Warehouse Buildings (WHB)

Typical Construction:

This category includes all building systems except 'Metal Building Systems'
Examples include warehouse, storage and industrial buildings
Buildings are generally rectangular in plan with flat, gable or hip roofs
Built-up roofs with gravel, single-ply membrane ballasted, mechanicall attached or fully adhered
Light-frame steel construction with masonry bearing walls
Large overhead doors
Pre-cast concrete columns, beams and double tees with tilt-up wall panels
Heavy timber construction with stud walls and wood panels

Table 23. Degree of Damage (DOD) for Expected (EXP), Lower Bound (LB) and Upper Bound (UB)
DOD	Damage Description	EXP*	LB*	UB*
1	Threshold of visible damage	110	90	135
2	Loss of roofing material (up to 20%)	135	110	170
3	Inward or outward collapse of overhead doors	140	120	170
4	Uplift of roof deck; significant loss of roofing material (more than 20%); loss of rooftop HVAC equipment	165	140	195
5	Collapse of other non-bearing exterior walls	185	150	205
6	Collapse of pre-cast concrete tilt-up panels	200	165	230
7	Total destruction of a large section of building or entire building	255	210	300

*All wind speeds in km/h