Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) COSEWIC assessment and status report 2012: chapter 4
Salvelinus confluentus
Bull Trout
Southcoast British Columbia populations
Range of occurrence in Canada (province/territory/ocean): BC
Demographic Information
| Generation time (usually average age of parents in the population; indicate if another method of estimating generation time indicated in the IUCN guidelines(2008) is being used). (see Biology) | ~7 yrs |
| Is there an observed continuing decline in number of mature individuals? | Unknown |
| Estimated percent of continuing decline in total number of mature individuals within 5 years or 2 generations. | Unknown |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over the last 10 years, or 3 generations. | Unknown |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over the next 10 years, or 3 generations. | Unknown |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over any period, over a time period including both the past and the future. | Unknown |
| Are the causes of the decline clearly reversible and understood and ceased? (see Threats and Limiting Factors) | No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of mature individuals? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | No |
Extent and Occupancy Information
| Estimated extent of occurrence (see Distribution) |
32 053 km2 |
| Index of area of occupancy (IAO) (see Distribution) (Always report 2x2 grid value; other values may also be listed if they are clearly indicated (e.g., 1x1 grid, biological AO)). |
> 2000 km2 |
| Is the total population severely fragmented? (see Distribution) |
Fragmented, but not severely |
| Number of locations* (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
5-10 |
| Is there a continuing decline in extent of occurrence? | Unknown |
| Is there a continuing decline in index of area of occupancy? | Unknown |
| Is there a continuing decline in number of populations? | Unknown |
| Is there a continuing decline in number of locations*? | Unknown |
| Is there a continuing decline in [area, extent and/or quality] of habitat? | Unknown |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of populations? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of locations*? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in index of area of occupancy? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | No |
* See definition of location.
| Population | NMature Individuals |
|---|---|
| Lillooet, BC | Unknown |
| Lower Fraser, BC | Unknown |
| Lower Fraser Canyon, BC | Unknown |
| Skagit, BC | 1750 |
| Squamish, BC | 575? |
| Total | > 2325 |
Quantitative Analysis
| Probability of extinction in the wild. | Not available |
Threats (actual or imminent, to populations or habitats)
- Loss of habitat network through degradation and fragmentation (particularly from hydroelectric, agriculture, urbanization, their associated road development, and climate change).
- Interaction (displacement/hybridization) with other species (particularly non-native Brook Trout).
- Vulnerability to overexploitation (particularly by-catch of anadromous Bull Trout from other salmonid fisheries).
Rescue Effect (immigration from outside Canada)
Status of outside population(s)? Threatened
(see Protection, Status, and Ranks)
Is immigration known or possible?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
Unlikely
Would immigrants be adapted to survive in Canada?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
Possibly
Is there sufficient habitat for immigrants in Canada?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
Probably
Is rescue from outside populations likely?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
No
Status History
COSEWIC: Designated Special Concern in November 2012
Status and Reasons for Designation
Status:
Special Concern
Alpha-numeric code:
NA
Reasons for designation:
This freshwater fish exists in five large river systems in this area. The population sizes are unknown for three of the rivers but are likely not large. This is a slow-growing and late-maturing species that thrives in cold, pristine waters, and many populations require long unimpeded migratory routes joining spawning to adult habitat. Therefore the species is particularly vulnerable to habitat degradation, fragmentation of river networks by dams, negative effects from the invasion of non-native Eastern Brook Trout, and overharvest. The anadromous life history form found in these populations is unique within this species.
Applicability of Criteria
Criterion A (Decline in Total Number of Mature Individuals):
No information on decline of the number of mature individuals.
Criterion B (Small Distribution Range and Decline or Fluctuation):
Not applicable. EO & IAO exceed thresholds (greater than 20 000 km2 and 2000 km2, respectively) and no evidence of continuing decline or extreme fluctuations.
Criterion C (Small and Declining Number of Mature Individuals):
Small numbers but no evidence of continuing decline
Criterion D (Very Small or Restricted Total Population):
Might be close to meeting small population size criterion.
Criterion E (Quantitative Analysis):
No quantitative analyses completed.
Salvelinus confluentus
Bull Trout
Western Arctic populations
Range of occurrence in Canada (province/territory/ocean): AB, BC, NT, YK
Demographic Information
| Generation time (usually average age of parents in the population; indicate if another method of estimating generation time indicated in the IUCN guidelines (2008) is being used). (see Biology) | ~7 yrs |
| Is there an observed continuing decline in number of mature individuals? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | Yes, in the Alberta portion of the DU, unknown elsewhere |
| Estimated percent of continuing decline in total number of mature individuals within 5 years or 2 generations. | Unknown |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over the last 10 years, or 3 generations. | Unknown |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over the next 10 years, or 3 generations. | Unknown |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over any period, over a time period including both the past and the future. | Unknown |
| Are the causes of the decline clearly reversible and understood and ceased? (see Threats and Limiting Factors) | No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of mature individuals? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | No |
Extent and Occupancy Information
| Estimated extent of occurrence (see Distribution) |
> 20 000 km2 |
| Index of area of occupancy (IAO) (see Distribution) (Always report 2x2 grid value; other values may also be listed if they are clearly indicated (e.g., 1x1 grid, biological AO)). |
> 2 000 km2 |
| Is the total population severely fragmented? (see Distribution) |
Fragmented, but not severely |
| Number of locations* (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
> 45 |
| Is there an observed continuing decline in extent of occurrence? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
Yes, in the Alberta portion of the DU, unknown elsewhere |
| Is there an observed continuing decline in index of area of occupancy? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | Yes, in the Alberta portion of the DU, unknown elsewhere |
| Is there an observed continuing decline in number of populations? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | Yes, in the Alberta portion of the DU, unknown elsewhere |
| Is there an observed continuing decline in number of locations*? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | Yes, in the Alberta portion of the DU, unknown elsewhere |
| Is there a projected continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat? (see Habitat) | Yes, in the Alberta portion of the DU, unknown elsewhere |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of populations? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of locations*? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in index of area of occupancy? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | No |
* See definition of location.
| Population | NMature Individuals |
|---|---|
| Populations in AB (n ≥ 15) | > 23000 |
| Populations in BC (n ≥ 30) | Unknown |
| Populations in NT undefined | Unknown |
| Populations in YK undefined | Unknown |
| Total | >> 23000 |
Quantitative Analysis
| Probability of extinction in the wild. | Not available |
Threats (actual or imminent, to populations or habitats)
- Loss of habitat network through degradation and fragmentation from intense development pressure (particularly from oil, gas and mining development, commercial forestry, their associated road and urban development, and hydroelectric).
- Interaction (displacement/hybridization) with introduced species (particularly non-native Brook Trout).
- Vulnerability to overexploitation exacerbated by misidentification. Overharvest may be associated with increased accessibility.
Rescue Effect (immigration from outside Canada)
Status of outside population(s)? Threatened
(see Protection, Status, and Ranks)
Is immigration known or possible?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
No
Would immigrants be adapted to survive in Canada?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
Possibly
Is there sufficient habitat for immigrants in Canada?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
Probably
Is rescue from outside populations likely?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
No
Status History
COSEWIC: Designated Special Concern in November 2012.
Status and Reasons for Designation
Status:
Special Concern
Alpha-numeric code:
NA
Reasons for designation:
This freshwater fish is broadly distributed throughout the Western Arctic drainage although populations are never abundant. There are areas with evidence of decline in numbers and distribution but quantitative estimates for the whole range are lacking. This is a slow-growing and late maturing species that thrives in cold, pristine waters, and many populations require long unimpeded migratory routes joining spawning to adult habitat. Therefore the species is particularly vulnerable to habitat degradation, fragmentation of river networks by dams, negative effects from the invasion of the non-native Eastern Brook Trout, and overharvest, but these threats are localized within its range.
Applicability of Criteria
Criterion A (Decline in Total Number of Mature Individuals):
There is some evidence of decline in numbers but they do not meet criteria
Criterion B (Small Distribution Range and Decline or Fluctuation):
Large distribution range with some evidence of decline but does not meet criteria
Criterion C (Small and Declining Number of Mature Individuals):
Numbers of mature individuals is not small.
Criterion D (Very Small or Restricted Total Population):
Numbers of mature individuals is not small.
Criterion E (Quantitative Analysis):
No quantitative analyses completed.
Salvelinus confluentus
Bull Trout
Upper Yukon Watershed populations
Range of occurrence in Canada (province/territory/ocean): YK, BC
Demographic Information
| Generation time (usually average age of parents in the population; indicate if another method of estimating generation time indicated in the IUCN guidelines(2008) is being used). (see Biology) | ~7 yrs |
| Is there an observed continuing decline in number of mature individuals? | Unknown |
| Estimated percent of continuing decline in total number of mature individuals within 5 years or 2 generations. | Unknown |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over the last 10 years, or 3 generations. | Unknown |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over the next 10 years, or 3 generations. | Unknown |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over any period, over a time period including both the past and the future. | Unknown |
| Are the causes of the decline clearly reversible and understood and ceased? (see Threats and Limiting Factors) | No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of mature individuals? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | No |
Extent and Occupancy Information
| Estimated extent of occurrence (see Distribution) |
Unknown |
| Index of area of occupancy (IAO) (see Distribution) (Always report 2x2 grid value; other values may also be listed if they are clearly indicated (e.g., 1x1 grid, biological AO)). |
Unknown |
| Is the total population severely fragmented? (see Distribution) |
Unknown |
| Number of locations* (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
Unknown |
| Is there a continuing decline in extent of occurrence? | Unknown |
| Is there a continuing decline in index of area of occupancy? | Unknown |
| Is there a continuing decline in number of populations? | Unknown |
| Is there a continuing decline in number of locations*? | Unknown |
| Is there a continuing decline in [area, extent and/or quality] of habitat? | Unknown |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of populations? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
Unknown |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of locations*? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
Unknown |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
Unknown |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in index of area of occupancy? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | Unknown |
* See definition of location.
| Population | NMature Individuals |
|---|---|
| Populations in BC (n ≥ 1) | Unknown |
| Populations in YK undefined | Unknown |
| Total | Unknown |
Quantitative Analysis
| Probability of extinction in the wild. | Not available |
Threats (actual or imminent, to populations or habitats)
General threats that apply to all Bull Trout within Canada (loss of habitat network, interaction with introduced species, and vulnerability to overexploitation) apply equally to this DU, although no specific threats have been identified and threat level is assumed to be low in this remote area (see Threats And Limiting Factors).
Rescue Effect (immigration from outside Canada)
Status of outside population(s)? Threatened
(see Protection, Status, and Ranks)
Is immigration known or possible?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
No
Would immigrants be adapted to survive in Canada?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
Possibly
Is there sufficient habitat for immigrants in Canada?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
Probably
Is rescue from outside populations likely?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
No
Status History
COSEWIC: Species considered in November 2012 and placed in the Data Deficient category.
Recommended Status and Reasons for Designation
Recommended Status:
Data Deficient
Alpha-numeric code:
NA
Reasons for designation:
This freshwater fish is believed to be distributed in the upper Yukon River drainage but information on population sizes and trends is not available. This is a slow-growing and late-maturing species that thrives in cold, pristine waters, and many populations require long unimpeded migratory routes joining spawning to adult habitat. In general, the species is vulnerable to habitat degradation, fragmentation of river networks by dams, and overharvest, but specific threats in these populations are largely unknown and likely minor in this remote watershed.
Applicability of Criteria
Criterion A (Decline in Total Number of Mature Individuals):
No information on the total number of mature individuals
Criterion B (Small Distribution Range and Decline or Fluctuation):
Large distribution range
Criterion C (Small and Declining Number of Mature Individuals):
No information on population sizes and declines
Criterion D (Very Small or Restricted Total Population):
No information on population sizes
Criterion E (Quantitative Analysis):
No quantitative analysis completed
Salvelinus confluentus
Bull Trout
Saskatchewan-Nelson Rivers populations
Range of occurrence in Canada (province/territory/ocean): AB
Demographic Information
| Generation time (usually average age of parents in the population; indicate if another method of estimating generation time indicated in the IUCN guidelines (2008) is being used). (see Biology) | ~7 yrs |
| Is there an observed continuing decline in number of mature individuals? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | Yes |
| Estimated percent of continuing decline in total number of mature individuals within 5 years or 2 generations. | Unknown |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over the last 10 years, or 3 generations. | Unknown |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over the next 10 years, or 3 generations. | Unknown |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over any period, over a time period including both the past and the future. | Unknown |
| Are the causes of the decline clearly reversible and understood and ceased? (see Threats and Limiting Factors) | No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of mature individuals? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | No |
Extent and Occupancy Information
| Estimated extent of occurrence (see Distribution) |
> 20 000 km2 |
| Index of area of occupancy (IAO) (see Distribution) (Always report 2x2 grid value; other values may also be listed if they are clearly indicated (e.g., 1x1 grid, biological AO)). |
> 2 000 km2 |
| Is the total population severely fragmented? (see Distribution) |
Fragmented but not severely |
| Number of locations* (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
> 36 |
| Is there an observed continuing decline in extent of occurrence? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
Yes |
| Is there an observed continuing decline in index of area of occupancy? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | Yes |
| Is there an observed continuing decline in number of populations? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | Yes |
| Is there an observed continuing decline in number of locations*? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | Yes |
| Is there a projected continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat? (see Habitat) | Yes |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of populations? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of locations*? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in index of area of occupancy? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | No |
* See definition of location.
| Population | NMature Individuals |
|---|---|
| Populations in AB ( n ≥ 36) | >10000 |
| Total | >10000 |
Quantitative Analysis
| Probability of extinction in the wild. | Not available |
Threats (actual or imminent, to populations or habitats)
- Loss of habitat network through degradation and fragmentation (particularly from oil, gas and mining development, urbanization, hydroelectric, their associated road development, and climate change).
- Interaction (displacement/hybridization) with introduced species (particularly non-native Brook Trout).
- Vulnerability to overexploitation exacerbated by misidentification.
Rescue Effect (immigration from outside Canada)
Status of outside population(s)? Threatened
(see Protection, Status, and Ranks)
Is immigration known or possible?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
Unlikely
Would immigrants be adapted to survive in Canada?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
Possibly
Is there sufficient habitat for immigrants in Canada?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
Probably
Is rescue from outside populations likely?
(see Population Sizes and Trends)
No
Status History
COSEWIC: none
Status and Reasons for Designation
Status:
Threatened
Alpha-numeric code:
A4de
Reasons for designation:
This freshwater fish is broadly distributed east of the Rocky Mountains. It is a slow-growing and late-maturing species that thrives in cold, pristine waters and often requires long unimpeded migratory routes joining spawning to adult habitat. Historical range contractions now limit the populations to the foothills and east slopes of the Rocky Mountains, likely in response to habitat deterioration and reduced habitat connectivity through damming of the larger rivers. No populations are abundant and more than half show evidence of decline. The primary and persistent threats to these populations include competition and hybridization with introduced Eastern Brook Trout and climate-induced increases in water temperature. Although legal harvest has been eliminated, this species is highly catchable and is therefore likely susceptible to catch and release mortality in many areas that are accessible to recreational anglers. Consequently, an aggregate decline in abundance of > 30% over the next three generations is projected.
Applicability of Criteria
Criterion A (Decline in Total Number of Mature Individuals):
Projected declines in abundance of greater than or equal to 30% over the next three generations and the primary threats will persist.
Criterion B (Small Distribution Range and Decline or Fluctuation):
Declines in distribution range noted but not a small distribution.
Criterion C (Small and Declining Number of Mature Individuals):
Number of mature individuals not small.
Criterion D (Very Small or Restricted Total Population):
Number of mature individuals not small.
Criterion E (Quantitative Analysis):
Quantitative analysis not completed
Salvelinus confluentus
Bull Trout
Pacific populations
Range of occurrence in Canada (province/territory/ocean): BC
Demographic Information
| Generation time (usually average age of parents in the population; indicate if another method of estimating generation time indicated in the IUCN guidelines(2008) is being used). (see Biology) | ~7 yrs |
| Is there an observed continuing decline in number of mature individuals? | Increasing, stable and decreasing trends are observed across the DU |
| Estimated percent of continuing decline in total number of mature individuals within 5 years or 2 generations. | No consistent trends |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over the last 10 years, or 3 generations. | No consistent trends |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over the next 10 years, or 3 generations. | No consistent trends |
| Percent reduction or increase in total number of mature individuals over any period, over a time period including both the past and the future. | No consistent trends |
| Are the causes of the decline clearly reversible and understood and ceased? (see Threats and Limiting Factors) | No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of mature individuals? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | No |
Extent and Occupancy Information
| Estimated extent of occurrence (see Distribution) |
> 20 000 km2 |
| Index of area of occupancy (IAO) (see Distribution) (Always report 2x2 grid value; other values may also be listed if they are clearly indicated (e.g., 1x1 grid, biological AO)). |
> 2 000 km2 |
| Is the total population severely fragmented? (see Distribution) |
Fragmented, but not severly |
| Number of locations* (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
> 78 |
| Is there a continuing decline in extent of occurrence? | Unknown |
| Is there a continuing decline in index of area of occupancy? | Unknown |
| Is there a continuing decline in number of populations? | Unknown |
| Is there a continuing decline in number of locations*? | Unknown |
| Is there a continuing decline in [area, extent and/or quality] of habitat? | Unknown |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of populations? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in number of locations*? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
No |
| Are there extreme fluctuations in index of area of occupancy? (see Population Sizes and Trends) | No |
* See definition of location.
| Population | NMature Individuals |
|---|---|
| Populations in BC (n ≥ 78) | >> 39000 |
| Total | >> 39000 |
Quantitative Analysis
| Probability of extinction in the wild. | Not available |
Threats (actual or imminent, to populations or habitats)
- Loss of habitat network through degradation and fragmentation (particularly from hydroelectric, forestry, and mining developments, and their associated road development, as well as mountain pine beetle and climate change).
- Interaction (displacement/hybridization) with introduced species (particularly non-native Brook Trout but also localized Lake Trout).
- Vulnerability to overexploitation exacerbated by misidentification.
Rescue Effect (immigration from outside Canada)
| Status of outside population(s)? (see Protection, Status, and Ranks) |
Threatened |
| Is immigration known or possible? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
Unlikely |
| Would immigrants be adapted to survive in Canada? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
Possibly |
| Is there sufficient habitat for immigrants in Canada? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
Probably |
| Is rescue from outside populations likely? (see Population Sizes and Trends) |
No |
Status History
COSEWIC: Designated Not at Risk in November 2012
Recommended Status and Reasons for Designation
Recommended Status:
Not at Risk
Alpha-numeric code:
NA
Reasons for designation:
This freshwater fish is broadly distributed throughout Pacific drainages. Although populations are never abundant, there are many dispersed populations across this area. There is no overall evidence of declines in abundance of mature adults and distribution. Although this is a slow-growing and late-maturing species that thrives in cold, pristine waters, and requires unimpeded migratory routes joining spawning to adult habitat, the risk level is assessed as low in these populations.
Applicability of Criteria
Criterion A (Decline in Total Number of Mature Individuals):
No evidence of decline in the overall number of mature individuals
Criterion B (Small Distribution Range and Decline or Fluctuation):
Large distribution range
Criterion C (Small and Declining Number of Mature Individuals):
Large number of mature individuals
Criterion D (Very Small or Restricted Total Population):
Large number of mature individuals
Criterion E (Quantitative Analysis):
No quantitative analysis completed
COSEWICHistory
The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) was created in 1977 as a result of a recommendation at the Federal-Provincial Wildlife Conference held in 1976. It arose from the need for a single, official, scientifically sound, national listing of wildlife species at risk. In 1978, COSEWIC designated its first species and produced its first list of Canadian species at risk. Species designated at meetings of the full committee are added to the list. On June 5, 2003, the Species at Risk Act (SARA) was proclaimed. SARA establishes COSEWICas an advisory body ensuring that species will continue to be assessed under a rigorous and independent scientific process.
COSEWICMandate
The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) assesses the national status of wild species, subspecies, varieties, or other designatable units that are considered to be at risk in Canada. Designations are made on native species for the following taxonomic groups: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, arthropods, molluscs, vascular plants, mosses, and lichens.
COSEWICMembership
COSEWICcomprises members from each provincial and territorial government wildlife agency, four federal entities (Canadian Wildlife Service, Parks Canada Agency, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, and the Federal Biodiversity Information Partnership, chaired by the Canadian Museum of Nature), three non-government science members and the co-chairs of the species specialist subcommittees and the Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge subcommittee. The Committee meets to consider status reports on candidate species.
Definitions (2012)
Wildlife Species
A species, subspecies, variety, or geographically or genetically distinct population of animal, plant or other organism, other than a bacterium or virus, that is wild by nature and is either native to Canada or has extended its range into Canada without human intervention and has been present in Canada for at least 50 years.
Extinct (X)
A wildlife species that no longer exists.
Extirpated (XT)
A wildlife species no longer existing in the wild in Canada, but occurring elsewhere.
Endangered (E)
A wildlife species facing imminent extirpation or extinction.
Threatened (T)
A wildlife species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed.
Special Concern (SC)*
A wildlife species that may become a threatened or an endangered species because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats.
Not at Risk (NAR)**
A wildlife species that has been evaluated and found to be not at risk of extinction given the current circumstances.
Data Deficient (DD)***
A category that applies when the available information is insufficient (a) to resolve a species’ eligibility for assessment or (b) to permit an assessment of the species’ risk of extinction.
* Formerly described as “Vulnerable” from 1990 to 1999, or “Rare” prior to 1990.
** Formerly described as “Not In Any Category”, or “No Designation Required.”
*** Formerly described as “Indeterminate” from 1994 to 1999 or “ISIBD” (insufficient scientific information on which to base a designation) prior to 1994. Definition of the (DD) category revised in 2006.
The Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, provides full administrative and financial support to the COSEWICSecretariat.
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