Oregon forestsnail (Allogona townsendiana) COSEWIC assessment and status report 2013: chapter 14

Information sources

Annschild, R., pers. comm. 2011. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2011. Conservation Director, Salt Spring Island Conservancy, Salt Spring Island, British Columbia.

Bains, B., A. Caldicott, and J. Heron. 2009. Surveys for Gastropods, Aquatic Invertebrates and Moths in the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia. Unpublished report. BC Ministry of Environment, Wildlife Science Section, Vancouver, British Columbia. 35 pp.

Baur, A., and B. Baur. 1990. Are roads barriers to dispersal in the land snail Arianta arbustorum? Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:613-617.

Bianchini, C., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. November 2012. Conservation Biologist, Bianchini Biological Services, Delta, British Columbia.

Boch S., D. Prati, S. Werth, J. Rüetschi, and M. Fischer. 2011. Lichen Endozoochory by Snails. PLoS ONE 6(4): e18770. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018770 Web site: Lichen Endozoochory by Snails [accessed June 25, 2012].

Branson, B.A. 1977. Freshwater and terrestrial mollusca of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Veliger 23:310-330.

British Columbia Conservation Data Centre. 2013. BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer. BC Ministry of Environment, Victoria, British Columbia. Web site: BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer [accessed 15 February 2013].

British Columbia Ministry of Environment. 2011a. Environmental Stewardship Division. Conservation Framework. Web site: British Columbia, Ministry of Environment, The Conservation Framework [accessed June 15, 2012].

British Columbia Ministry of Environment. 2011b. Water Stewardship Division. Index of designated flood plain areas by region. British Columbia, Ministry of Environment, Water Stewardship [accessed June 15, 2012].

British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations. 2012. Chilliwack Forest District. Web site: Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations [Accessed February 13, 2012]

British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection. 2002. Environmental Trends: Status of selected habitats in British Columbia, wetlands in the lower Fraser Valley. Web site: British Columbia, Ministry of Environment [accessed June 15, 2012].

Buffet, D., K. Moore, and D. Major. 2011. An analysis of loss and conservation prioritization of Fraser Lowland Wetlands 1989-2009. Presented at the Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference, October 25-27, 2011, Vancouver, British Columbia. (Presentation and slides at Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference (search page for “Buffet”)).

Burke, T.E. 1999. Management recommendations for terrestrial mollusk species.

Cryptomastix devia, the Puget Oregonian Snail. V. 2.0. Prepared for the Oregon Bureau of Land Management. 33 pp. Web site: Management Recommendations for Terrestrial Mollusk Species [accessed June 25, 2012].

Burke, T., J.S. Applegarth, and T.R. Weasma 1999. Management recommendations for survey and manage terrestrial mollusks 2.0. N. Duncan (ed.). October 1999. 33 pp. Web site: Management Recommendations for Survey and Manage Terrestrial Mollusks [accessed June 25, 2012].

Burton, R.F. 1966. Aspects of ionic regulation in certain terrestrial pulmonata. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 17:1007-1018.

Burton, R.F. 1983. Ionic regulation and water balance. pp. 291-352. in A.S.M. Saleuddin and K.M. Wilbur (eds.). The Mollusca, Vol. V Physiology, Park 2. Academic Press, New York.

Cameron, R. 1986. Environment and diversities of forest snail faunas from coastal British Columbia. Malacologia 27:341-355.

Cassidy, A. 2011. Pesticide ban too political [May 6, 2011 edition]. Coquitlam Now Abbotsford-Mission Times. Web site: Abbotsford Times [accessed November 20, 2011].

Chatwin, T., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2012. Species At Risk Biologist, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (Region 1), Nanaimo, British Columbia.

City of Abbotsford. 2004 (May). City in the Country Plan. Enhancing Agriculture, Preserving Community Sustainability. Final Report. Web site: Abbotsford Real Estate [accessed June 15, 2012].

City of Abbotsford. 2010. City of Abbotsford Wildlife Assessment Report Guidelines. 2010. Web site: Abbotsford Wildlife Assessment Report Guidelines [accessed February 19, 2013] .

Conservation Measures Partnership. 2010. Threats Taxonomy, how do we define direct threats? Web site: Conservation Measures Partnership [accessed November 19, 2011].

Copley, C., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2012. Entomology Collections Manager, Royal B.C. Museum, Victoria, British Columbia.

COSEWIC. 2002. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Oregon Forestsnail Allogona townsendiana in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 20 pp.

COSEWIC. 2010. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Threaded Vertigo Nearctula sp. in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. x + 36 pp.

COSEWIC. 2011. Guidelines for recognizing designatable units. Web site: Guidelines for Recognizing Designatable Units [accessed June 15, 2012].

Crowe, T., pers. comm. 2011. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. January 2011. Conservation Biologist, Galiano Island Conservancy, Galiano Island, British Columbia

Dainton, B.H. 1954a. The activity of slugs. I. The induction of activity by changing temperatures. Journal of Experimental Biology 32:165-187.

Dainton, B.H. 1954b. The activity of slugs. II. The effect of light and air currents. Journal of Experimental Biology31:188-197.

Dall, W.H. 1905. Land and fresh water mollusks. Harriman Alaska Expedition 13:1-171, pls. 1-2.

Department of National Defence (Canada), Formation Environment, Natural Resources Program. 2009. Summary of Survey work for Blue-grey Taildropper slug (Prophysaon coeruleum) at CFB Esquimalt's Rocky Point and Colwood Properties in 2009, Victoria, British Columbia. Unpublished report, 10 pp.

Dunn, M., pers. comm. 2011. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2011. Conservation Biologist, Mayne Island Conservancy, Mayne Island, British Columbia

Durand. R. 2006. Habitat assessment of the endangered Oregon Forestsnail, Allogona townsendiana, in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia. Report prepared by Taara Environmental. 28 pp.

Durand, R., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. June 2012. Conservation Biologist, Taara Environmental, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.

Edworthy, A., K. Steensma, H. Zandberg, and P. Lilley. 2012. Dispersal, home range size and habitat use of an endangered land snail, the Oregon Forestsnail (Allogonal townsendiana). Canadian Journal of Zoology 90(7):875-884.

Emberton, K.C. 1994. Polygyrid land snail phylogeny: external sperm exchange, early North American biogeography, iterative shell evolution. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 52:241-271.

Emberton, K.C. 1995. When shells do not tell: 145 million years of evolution in North America's polygyrid land snails, with a vision and conservation priorities. Malacologia 37:69-110.

Evely, A., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. June 2012. Park Manager, Metro Vancouver, Central Area Office, Burnaby, British Columbia.

Ferguson, G., pers. comm. 2011. Email correspondence to J. Heron. October 2011. Conservation Biologist, Suncity Environmental Services, Chilliwack, British Columbia.

Forsyth, R.G. 1999a. Terrestrial gastropods of the Columbia Basin, British Columbia. Living Landscapes -- Past, Present and Future; Royal British Columbia Museum. Web site: Living Landscapes. [accessed September 2001].

Forsyth, R.G. 1999b. Distribution of nine new or little-known exotic land snails in British Columbia. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 113:559-568.

Forsyth, R.G. 2001. First records of the European land slug Lehmannia valentiana in British Columbia, Canada. Festivus 33:75-78.

Forsyth, R.G. 2004. Land snails of British Columbia. Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia.188 pp.

Forsyth, R.G., pers. comm. 2011. Personal data emailed to J. Heron. October 2011. Gastropod Specialist, Kamloops, British Columbia.

Fraser Basin Council. 2011. Flood Hazard Management on the Fraser River. Web site: Fraser Basin Council [accessed June 15, 2012].

Frest, T.J., and R.S. Rhodes II. 1982. Oxychilus draparnaudi in Iowa. Nautilus 96:36-39.

Fyson, A., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. March 2012. Denman Conservancy, Denman Island, British Columbia

Gadsden, G., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2012. Species At Risk Biologist, Fraser Valley Regional District, Chilliwack, British Columbia.

Gervais, J.A., A. Traveset, and M. Willson. 1998. The potential for seed dispersal by the Banana Slug (Ariolimax columbianus). American Midland Naturalist 140:103-110.

Greater Vancouver Real Estate. 2011. Greater Vancouver Regional Housing Development Interactive Map. Web site: Greater Vancouver Regional Housing Developments Map [accessed October 19, 2011].

Harrison, M., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2012. Species At Risk Biologist, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Delta, British Columbia.

Hawkes, V., and J. Gatten. 2011. Detailed survey and habitat assessment for Oregon Forestsnail (Allogona townsendiana) on military lands in Chilliwack, B.C. Final report project number CK 10949. Prepared for Angela Knopp, Department of National Defense Canada, ASU Chilliwack, BC, Natural Resources Program. Unpublished report.

Heron, J. 2011. Personal survey data for Oregon Forestsnail submitted with this report. Invertebrate Specialist. BC Ministry of Environment, Vancouver, British Columbia.

Hirner, J., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2012. B.C. Ministry of Environment, Parks and Protected Areas (Region 2), North Vancouver, British Columbia.

Hylander K, C. Nilsson, and T. Gothner. 2004. Effects of buffer-strip retention and clearcutting on land snails in boreal riparian forests. Conservation Biology 18:1052-1062.

Iglesias, J., and J. Castillejo. 1998. Field observations on feeding of the land snail Helix aspersa Muller. Journal of Molluscan Studies 65(4):411-423.

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Conservation Measures Partnership (IUCN-CMP). 2006. IUCN-CMP unified classification of direct threats, ver. 1.0 – June 2006. Gland, Switzerland. 17 pp. Threats Taxonomy. [accessed June 15, 2012].

International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 2011. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 9.0 (September). Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Web site: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List of Threatened Species [accessed June 15, 2012].

Ipp, F. 2007. Municipal Population Estimates. B.C. Statistics, Victoria, British Columbia. Web site: BC Stats [accessed June 15, 2012].

Jarvis, J., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2012. Park Manager. Metro Vancouver, East Area Parks, Burnaby, British Columbia.

Jones, T., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2012. Park Manager, Fraser Valley Regional District. Chilliwack, British Columbia.

Kirkby, J. and D. Cake. 2004. Tracking Ecosystem Loss on East Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands: Recent Research and Application. In T.D. Hopper (ed.). Proceedings of the Species At Risk 2004 Pathways to Recovery Conference. March 2 - 6, 2004, Victoria, BC. Species at Risk 2004 Pathways to Recovery Organizing Committee, Victoria, British Columbia. Available at: Legislative Library of British Columbia

Knopp, D., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2012. Species At Risk Biologist, B.C.’s Wild Heritage Consulting, Sardis, British Columbia.

Kozloff, E.N. 1976. Plants and Animals of the Pacific Northwest, an Illustrated Guide to the Natural History of Western Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. University of Washington Press, Seattle and London. 264 pp.

Krebs, C.J. 1989 Ecological Methodology. HarperCollins Publishers, New York, New York, USA. 654 pp.

Kus. M. 2005. A study of reproductive strategies and development of a hermaphroditic terrestrial snail, Allogona townsendiana. Undergraduate thesis, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia. 23 pp.

La Rocque, A. 1953. Catalogue of the Recent Mollusca of Canada. National Museum of Canada, Bulletin 129:i-ix, 1-406.

Law, T., pers. comm. 2011. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. October 2011. Conservancy Hornby, Hornby Island, British Columbia.

Lilley, P., pers. comm. 2011. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. October 2011. Raincoast Applied Ecology, Vancouver, British Columbia.

Machin, J. 1964a. The evaporation of water from Helix aspersa. I. Nature of the evaporating surface. Journal of Experimental Biology 41:783-792.

Machin, J. 1964b. The evaporation of water from Helix aspersa. II. Measurement of air flow and diffusion of water vapour. Journal of Experimental Biology 41:771-781.

Machin, J. 1964c. The evaporation of water from Helix aspersa. III. The application of evaporative formulae. Journal of Experimental Biology 41:783 - 792.

Machin, J. 1975. Water relationships in Pulmonates, Volume. I. pp. 105-163 in V. Fretter and J. Peake (eds.). Academic Press, New York, New York.

MacMillan, S., pers. comm. 2012. Email correspondence to J. Heron. February 2012. Fraser Valley Conservancy, Abbotsford, British Columbia.

Malt, J., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2012. Species At Risk Biologist, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Lands and Resource Operations (Region 2), Surrey, British Columbia.

Manweiler, A., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. 27 September 2012. Natural Resource Technical Officer, National Defence ASU Chilliwack Environment Office, Chilliwack, British Columbia.

Mason, C.F. 1970. Food, feeding rates and assimilation in woodland snails. Oecologia 4:358-373.

Master, L., D. Faber-Langendoen, R. Bittman, G.A. Hammerson, B. Heidel, J. Nichols, L. Ramsay, and A. Tomaino. 2009. Natureserve conservation status assessments: factors for assessing extinction risk. Natureserve, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Web site: NatureServe [accessed June 15, 2012].

Merkens, M., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. June 2012. Park Manager, Metro Vancouver, West Area Office, Vancouver, British Columbia.

Nagel, J. 2011. B.C. law-makers eye blanket pesticide ban. Abbotsford News (July 7 2011). Web site: Abbotsford News [accessed June 15, 2012].

Natureserve. 2012. Natureserve Explorer. Web site: NatureServe [accessed June 15, 2012].

Oregon Forestsnail Recovery Team. 2012. Recovery plan for Oregon Forestsnail (Allogona townsendiana) in British Columbia. Prepared for the BC Ministry of Environment, Victoria, British Columbia. 50 pp. Available at Ministry of Environment, Victoria, British Columbia [accessed February 15, 2013].

Ovaska, K., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2012. Gastropod Specialist, Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd., Victoria, British Columbia.

Ovaska, K., R. Forsyth, and L. Sopuck. 2001. Surveys for potentially endangered terrestrial gastropods in southwestern British Columbia, April-October 2000-2001. Report prepared for Endangered Species Recovery Fund and Wildlife Habitat Canada by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd., Sidney, British Columbia. 47 pp.

Ovaska, K, and L. Sopuck. 2000. Evaluation of the potential of terrestrial gastropods (slugs and snails) for monitoring ecological effects of logging practices on forest-floor conditions on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. A pilot study, October November 1999. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd., Nanaimo, British Columbia. 44 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2001. Potential of terrestrial gastropods and salamanders as indicators for monitoring ecological effects of variable-retention logging practices. A pilot study, in the North Island Timberlands, May-November, 2000. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. Nanaimo, British Columbia. 105 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2002a. Terrestrial gastropods and salamanders as indicators for monitoring ecological effects of variable-retention logging practices. A pilot study, May-October, 2001. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd., Nanaimo, British Columbia. 63 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2002b. Surveys for terrestrial and freshwater molluscs on Department of National Defense lands near Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for DND/CFS Natural Resources Management Program, Canadian Forces Base Esquimalt, Victoria, British Columbia. 56 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2003a. Terrestrial gastropods as indicators for monitoring ecological effects of variable-retention logging practices. Pre-disturbance surveys at experimental sites, May - October 2002. Unpublished report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd., Nanaimo, BC. 55 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2003b. Inventory of rare gastropods in southwestern British Columbia. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for BC Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Victoria, British Columbia. 23 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2003c. Surveys for terrestrial gastropod species at risk in Pacific Rim National Park Reserve. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for Parks Canada, Coastal British Columbia Field Unit Victoria, British Columbia. 49 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2004a. Surveys for terrestrial gastropods in the Pacific Rim, Gulf Islands, and Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserves. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd for Parks Canada, Coastal British Columbia Field Unit, Victoria, British Columbia. 108 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2004b.Distribution and status of rare forest slugs in western Canada Results of 2003 and 2004 field seasons. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for Endangered Species Recovery Fund (World Wildlife Fund and Environment Canada). Uncertain pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2005a. Surveys for potential wildlife habitat areas for terrestrial gastropods at risk in southwest British Columbia: Autumn 2004 and Spring 2005. Prepared for BC Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Victoria, British Columbia. April 2005. 52 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2005b. Surveys of potential Wildlife Habitat Areas for terrestrial gastropods at risk in southwest British Columbia, March 2005. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for the Ministry of Environment, Victoria, British Columbia. 37 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2006a. Surveys for terrestrial gastropods at risk in Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, 2006. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd for Parks Canada, Western and Northern Service Centre, Victoria, British Columbia. 47 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2006b. Surveys for the Blue-grey Taildropper and other gastropods at risk within CRD parks and trail systems in 2006. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for Capital Regional District Parks, Victoria, British Columbia. 45 pp.

Ovaska, K. and L. Sopuck. 2007a. Surveys for the Blue-grey Taildropper slug (Prophysaon coeruleum) on federal lands on southern Vancouver Island, BC, fall 2007. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for CFS/CFB Esquimalt Natural Resources Program, Victoria, British Columbia. Uncertain pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2007b. Surveys for the Blue-grey Taildropper within Capital Regional District Parks and Trails System in 2007. Progress report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for CRD Parks, Victoria, British Columbia. 14 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2008. Surveys for the Blue-grey Taildropper and other gastropods at risk within the Capital Regional Distirct Parks and Trails System in 2008. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for CRD Parks, Victoria, British Columbia. 61 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2009a. Surveys for the Blue-grey Taildropper slug (Prophysaon coeruleum) on federal lands on southern Vancouver Island in 2008. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for CFS/CFB Esquimalt Natural Resources Program, Victoria, British Columbia. 124 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2009b. Surveys for the Blue-grey Taildropper and other gastropods at risk at DND’s Royal Roads property, autumn 2009. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for Department of National Defense, Formation Safety and Environment (Canadian Forces Base Esquimalt), Victoria, British Columbia. 30 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2009c. Surveys for the Blue-grey Taildropper and other gastropods at risk within the Capital Regional District Parks and Trails System in 2009. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for CRD Parks, Victoria, British Columbia. 36 pp.

Ovaska, K., and L. Sopuck. 2010. Surveys for the Blue-grey Taildropper and other gastropods at risk with focus on Capital Regional District Parks, fall 2010. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for Habitat Acquisition Trust, Victoria, British Columbia. 30 pp.

Ovaska, K., L. Sopuck, and J. Heron. 2011. Surveys for terrestrial gastropods at Burns Bog, October 2009 - March 2011. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for BC Ministry of Environment, Vancouver, British Columbia. 30 pp.

Parkinson, L., and J. Heron. 2010. Surveys for two invertebrate species at risk in southwestern British Columbia: Audouin’s Night-stalking Tiger Beetle (Omus audouini) and Oregon Forestsnail (Allogona townsendiana). BC Ministry of Environment, Terrestrial Conservation Science Section, Vancouver, British Columbia. 182 pp.

Peake, J. 1978. Distribution and ecology of the Stylommatophora. pp. 429-526. in V. Fretter and J. Peake (eds.). Pulmonates, Volume 2A. Academic Press, New York.

Pearce, T.A. 2008. When a snail dies in the forest, how long will the shell persist? Effect of dissolution and micro-bioerosion. American Malacological Bulletin 26:111-117.

Pilsbry, H.A. 1939. Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico). The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Monograph 3, 1(1):i-xvii, 1-573.

Pilsbry, H.A. 1940. Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico). The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Monograph 3, 1(2):575-994

Pojar, J., and A. MacKinnon. 1994. Plants of coastal British Columbia. BC Ministry of Forests and Lone Pine Publishing, Vancouver, British Columbia. 527 pp.

Pollock, K.H., B.D. Richter, M.G. Anderson, and H.E. Richter. 1990. Statistical inference for capture-recapture experiments. Wildlife Monographs 107:1-97.

Pollon, C. 2010. Dendrology: King of the Cottonwoods. Canadian Geographic July/August 2010. pp. 1-2. Web site: Christopher Pollon [accessed June 15, 2012].

Potter, A., pers. comm. 2011. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. October 2011. Species At Risk Biologist, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Lacey, Washington State, USA.

Prior, D.J. 1983. Hydration-induced modulation of feeding responsiveness in terrestrial slugs. Journal of Experimental Zoology 227:15-22.

Prior, D.J. 1985. Water-regulatory behaviour in terrestrial gastropods. Biological Reviews 60(3):403-424.

Prior, D.J., M. Hume, D. Varga, and S.D. Hess. 1983. Physiological and behavioural aspects of water balance and respiratory function in the terrestrial slug, Limax Maximus. Journal of Experimental Biology 104:111-127.

Province of British Columbia. 1982. Wildlife Act [RSBC 1996] c. 488. Queen’s Printer, Victoria, British Columbia. Web site: BC Laws Wildlife Act [accessed May 31, 2012].

Province of British Columbia. 1996. Water Act [RSBC 1996] c. 488. Queen’s Printer, Victoria, British Columbia. Web site: BC Laws Water Act [accessed February 15, 2013].

Province of British Columbia. 2002. Forest and Range Practices Act [RSBC 2002] c. 69. Queen’s Printer, Victoria, British Columbia. Web site: Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Forest and Range Practices Act [accessed May 31, 2012].

Richter, K.O. 1979. Aspects of nutrient cycling by Ariolimax columbianus (Mollusca: Arionidae) in Pacific Northwest coniferous forests. Pedobiologia 19:60-74.

Richter, K.O. 1980a. Evolutionary aspects of mycophagy in Ariolimax columbianus and other slugs. pp. 616-636 in D.L. Dindal (ed.). Soil biology as related to land use practices. Proceedings of the VII International Colloquium of Soil Biology, USEPA Office of Pesticide and Toxic Substances, Washington, DC. EPA-560/13-80-038.

Richter, K.O. 1980b. Movement, reproduction, defense, and nutrition as functions of the caudal mucus in Ariolimax columbianus. Veliger 23:43-47.

Riddle, W.A. 1983. Physiological ecology of land snails and slugs. pp. 431-461. in W.D. Russell-Hunter (ed.). The Mollusca Volume 6, Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.

Robbins, K., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. 27 September 2012. Species At Risk Biologist, BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Resource Operations (Region 2), Surrey, British Columbia.

Rollo, C.D., and W.G. Wellington. 1979. Intra- and inter-specific agonistic behavior among terrestrial slugs (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora). Canadian Journal Zoology 57:846-855.

Rollo, C.D., and W.G. Wellington. 1981. Environmental orientation by terrestrial Mollusca with particular reference to homing behavior. Canadian Journal Zoology 57:846-855.

Salafsky, N., D. Salzer, A.J. Stattersfield, C. Hilton-Taylor, R. Neugarten, S.H.M. Butchart, B. Collen, N. Cox, L.L. Master, S. O’Connor, and D. Wilkie. 2008. A standard lexicon for biodiversity conservation: unified classifications of threats and actions. Conservation Biology 22:897-911.

Scudder, G.G.E. 1989. The adaptive significance of marginal populations: A general perspective. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 105:180-185.

Sle.g., D. (ed.). 1999. One foot on the border: A history of Sumas Prairie and area. Sumas Prairie and Area Historical Society, Deroche, British Columbia. 400 pp.

Smith, A.G. 1943. Mollusks of the Clearwater Mountains, Idaho. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) 23:537-554.

Sopuck, L., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2012. Gastropod Specialist, Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd., Sidney, British Columbia.

Sopuck, L., and K. Ovaska. 2010a. Risk assessment for gastropods on the Winter Cove property of Gulf Islands National Park Reserve, March 2009. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for Parks Canada, Sidney, British Columbia. Uncertain pp.

Sopuck, L., and K. Ovaska. 2010b. Survey for the Oregon Forestsnail at a proposed subdivision site on Matsqui Main IR #2, October 2010. Report prepared by Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd. for Matsqui First Nation. Uncertain pp.

Steensma, K., pers. comm. 2011, 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. October 2011, 27 September 2012. Professor. Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia.

Steensma, K.M.M., L.P. Lilley, and H.M. Zandberg. 2009. Life history and habitat requirements of the Oregon forestsnail, Allogona townsendiana (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Polygyridae), in a British Columbia population. Invertebrate Biology 128:232-242.

Stellini, J., pers. comm. 2011. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. October 2011. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Lacey, Washington, USA.

Tanaka, A., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2012. Species At Risk Biologist, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Delta, British Columbia.

Thiele, H.U. 1977. Carabid Beetles in Their Environment. Zoophysiology and Ecology 10, Springer, Berlin, pp. 369.

Thomas, T., pers. comm. 2011. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. October 2011. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington State, USA.

Trombulak, S., and C. Frissell. 2000. Review of ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic communities. Conservation Biology 14(1):18-30.

Turgeon, D.D., J.F. Quinn, A.E. Bogan, E.V. Coan, F.G. Hochberg, W.G. Lyons, P.M. Mikkelsen, R.J. Neves, C.F.E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F.G. Thompson, M. Vecchione, and J.D. Williams. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. Second edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26: ix + 526.

Waldock, S. 2002. A study of Allogona townsendiana and its correlation with Urtica dioica. Undergraduate thesis. Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia. Uncertain pp.

Wareborn, I. 1969. Land molluscs and their environments in an oligotrophic area in southern Sweden. Oikos 20:461-479.

Welstead, K., pers. comm. 2012. Verbal correspondence to J. Heron. February 2012. Species At Risk Biologist, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Lands and Resource Operations (Region 2), Surrey, British Columbia.

Wetland Stewardship Partnership. 2007. Green Bylaws Toolkit for Conserving Sensitive Ecosystems and Green Infrastructure. Victoria, British Columbia. 255 p.

Whiteaves, J.F. 1906. The fossils of the Silurian (Upper Silurian) rocks of Keewatin, Manitoba, the north eastern shore of Lake Winnipegosis, and the lower Saskatchewan River. Palaeozoic Fossils 3(4):245-297.

Page details

2018-01-04