Analysis - Repeatability of Concepts
In some cases, metadata is repeatable, meaning the concept as expressed in the LAC Operational Standard on Digital Archival Records’ Metadata can have more than one distinct value that LAC would be interested in acquiring. For example, each item only has one piece of integrity information (e.g., checksum) at transfer; however, an item may be in more than one language and thus language can be repeatable. This guidance is being provided to ensure that all relevant metadata is identified and transferred to LAC. It provides useful information on the repeatability of concepts within the LAC Operational Standard.
In this analysis, repeatability is presented from the view of:
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One item
- An item is the smallest conceptually indivisible archival unit or record that is complete in itself and can be distinguished from a group (e.g., JPEG, PDF, DOCX).
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One aggregation
- An aggregation is a grouping of records (e.g., files, series) accumulated and organized to reflect the creator’s activities.
- In the context of the Operational Standard, aggregation may also refer to the grouping of records transferred together at one time (i.e., a transfer).
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One transfer
- A transfer is a grouping of records moved as part of their scheduled disposition in a single transaction from a government institution to LAC or another repository.
- The change in custody and ownership of government records from a government institution to LAC occurs via the application of a valid disposition authority and transfer agreement by the transferring institution.
As discussed in the Operational Standard, Appendix C, different concepts can be:
- Mandatory: a metadata concept must be maintained throughout the record’s life cycle and at time of transfer
- Mandatory where present: if a metadata concept has been maintained throughout the record’s life cycle, then it must be provided at the time of transfer, but if it has not, then it does not need to be provided at the time of transfer.
- Mandatory at transfer: the metadata concept will be created (and transferred) at time of transfer
- Optional: a metadata concept can be provided if it exists and should be discussed with the assigned LAC archivist.
It should be noted that some concepts are applicable only to items, aggregations, or transfers, while other concepts are applicable at multiple levels (e.g., items as well as transfers).
It should also be noted that a digital record comprising more than one component is a “compound record.” Compound records are made up of multiple components (e.g., multimedia components of a web page; a digital document; data elements such as entries in a database).
The table below provides an explanation of the concepts and obligations, as well as an overview of their repeatability.
Note that the use of the term “file”’ as in “computer file” in the table is meant to represent a discrete collection of information for use on a computer that is treated as a single unit for storage (e.g., a JPEG, PDF, DOCX).
Required concept | Obligations | Repeatability | Comments |
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Classification code | Items: Mandatory where present | Yes |
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Aggregations: Mandatory | Yes |
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Transfers: N/A | N/A |
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Creator | Items: Mandatory where present | Yes |
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Aggregations: Mandatory where present | Yes |
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Transfers: Mandatory | Yes |
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Date/time | Items: Mandatory | Yes |
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Aggregations: Mandatory where present | Yes |
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Transfers: N/A |
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Disposition authorization | Items: Optional | No |
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Aggregations: Mandatory where present | No |
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Transfers: Mandatory | No |
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Extent | Items: Optional | No |
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Aggregations: Optional | No |
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Transfers: Mandatory | No |
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Format | Items: Mandatory | Yes |
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Aggregations: N/A | N/A | N/A | |
Transfers: N/A | N/A | N/A | |
Integrity | Items: Mandatory at transfer | No |
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Aggregations: N/A |
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Transfer: N/A |
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Language | Items: Mandatory where present | Yes |
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Aggregations: N/A | No |
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Transfer: N/A | No |
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Record identifier | Items: Mandatory | Yes |
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Aggregations: Mandatory where present | Yes |
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Transfer: N/A | N/A |
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Rights management information | Items: Mandatory where present | Yes |
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Aggregations: Mandatory | Yes |
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Transfer: Mandatory if present | Yes |
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Technical environment information | Items: Optional | Yes |
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Aggregations: Mandatory | Yes |
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Transfers: Optional | Yes |
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Title | Items: Mandatory | Yes |
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Aggregations: Mandatory where present | Yes |
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Transfers: Optional | Yes |
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