Westmount District

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The historic district of Westmount, which is situated on the southwest slope of Mount Royal and is part of the City of Westmount, is emblematic of the Victorian and post-Victorian suburb in Canada on account of its overall diversity and integrity. Its opulent architectural and landscape heritage is characteristic of the architectural styles and trends in landscape architecture of the period between 1890 and 1930. It also reflects the concerted efforts of members of the municipality who, from the early 20th century onwards, were keen to protect and preserve the features of their built environment. What sets this historic district apart from others is the harmonious integration of both its buildings and its urban design.

Westmount, which was initially developed along the lines of the seigneurial land distribution model, became a wealthy suburb during the period of Montreal’s industrial expansion and possessed the following universally sought-after qualities: clean air, abundant green space and elegant architecture. There were various kinds of dwellings in Westmount, ranging from opulent mansions to townhouses. Some single family homes were even built in areas developed according to the principles of the garden city movement. Lastly, some apartment buildings were erected along major thoroughfares.

Between 1890 and 1914, Westmount was transformed into the kind of place it is today. It became the centre of the local English-speaking bourgeoisie, which developed a social and intellectual life of its own. During this period, Westmount residents also became aware of the importance of the quality of life in an urban setting. A municipal by-law facilitated the creation of a network of green spaces for the use of residents, while municipal buildings, schools and places of worship were added. These buildings were often designed by prominent architects, who contributed to maintaining the subtle charm of this area through their carefully planned work. In 1913 and 1914, in addition to adopting a city plan, the municipality formed an architectural and urban planning board to have it implemented. This move intensified the use of earlier models that had already promoted the development of a harmonious environment.

After 1914, most buildings within the area reflected a greater aesthetic homogeneity since contracts stipulated the mandatory use of specific materials and setbacks. Zoning laws limited the implementation of non-residential construction projects, which allowed Westmount to preserve most of its suburban character. To this was added a wide variety of architectural styles, characteristic of Canadian residential architecture at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The diversity, historical integrity and fine condition of the built environment make this historic district an excellent example of the Canadian suburb between 1890 and 1930.

 


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