Recommendations to Canada under its third Universal Periodic Review

On this page:

• International human rights instruments
• Follow-up to recommendations and implementation of international obligations
• Indigenous Peoples
• Economic, social and cultural rights
  • Education and employment
  • Poverty, homelessness, and food security
• Equality and non-discrimination
  • Women and girls
  • Violence against women and children
  • Children and youth
  • Persons with disabilities
  • Immigrants, refugees, asylum-seekers, and migrant workers
  • Racism and non-discrimination
  • Older persons
  • LGBTQ2
• Public safety and law enforcement
• Business and human rights
• Other rights

International human rights instruments

1

Consider ratifying those international human rights instruments to which it is not yet a party (Burkina Faso);

2

Ratify the international human rights instruments to which Canada is not yet a party (Mali);

3

Consider acceding to the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (Sri Lanka);

4

Consider ratifying the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (Peru); (Albania); (Chile); (El Salvador); (Indonesia);

5

Adhere to and/or ratify those international human rights instruments to which it is not yet a party, in particular the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and International Labour Organization Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples (Honduras);

6

Ratify the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (Paraguay); (Egypt); (Uruguay); (Philippines); (Algeria); (Benin);

7

Ratify the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (Uruguay); (France); (Belgium); (Japan); (Portugal); (Costa Rica);

8

Consider signing the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Italy);

9

Consider ratifying the international human rights instruments which Canada has not yet become party, including the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Mongolia);

10

Consider acceding to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Tunisia);

11

Consider ratifying the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Ghana);

12

Sign and ratify Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in line with the 2013 announcement that Canada would begin the process of joining (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland);

13

Ratify those international human rights instruments to which Canada has not yet become party, in particular the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Romania);

14

Speed up the ratification process of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and put into place a national preventive mechanism in accordance with this instrument (Switzerland);

15

Set a clear timeline for the completion of the ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and establish, accordingly, the national preventive mechanism (Hungary);

16

Complete consultations with all relevant stakeholders, including provincial and territorial governments, to ratify Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and designate or establish national protective mechanism (Czechia);

17

Expedite accession to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Australia);

18

Expedite the process to ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Germany); (Greece); (New Zealand);

19

Expedite the process of ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture (Netherlands);

20

Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Portugal); (Chile); (Bosnia and Herzegovina); (Croatia); (Cyprus); (Denmark); (Estonia); (France); (Kenya); (Costa Rica); (Panama); (Spain) (Zambia);

21

Take steps to ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (New Zealand);

22

Expedite the process to ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Greece);

23

Ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Croatia); (Finland); (Spain);

24

Ratify the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Costa Rica); (Portugal); (Montenegro); (Spain);

25

Ratify International Labour Organization Convention No. 189 on Domestic Workers (Panama); (Togo); (Madagascar);

26

Ratification of the International Labour Organization Conventions on Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families as well as the 2011 Domestic Workers Convention (Syrian Arab Republic);

27

Consider ratifying International Labour Organization Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples (Peru); (Plurinational State of Bolivia);

28

Ratify International Labour Organization Convention no 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples (Brazil); (Benin); (Madagascar);

29

Consider becoming a party to the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (Georgia);

30

Ratify the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (Costa Rica); (Côte d’Ivoire);

31

Ratify the American Convention on Human Rights (Paraguay);

32

Expedite accession to the Arms Trade Treaty (Australia);

Follow-up to recommendations and implementation of international obligations

33

Take all necessary measures to ensure that the recommendations made by the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination are fully implemented (Azerbaijan);

34

Take the necessary measures to advance with the implementation of the Safe Schools Declaration and the Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military Use during Armed Conflict (Argentina);

35

Strengthen national mechanisms for monitoring implementation of the international human rights recommendations received by the State (Paraguay);

36

Strengthen the coordination on human rights implementation across levels of government in order to ensure better implementation domestically (Norway);

37

Establish a mechanism to follow up and implement human rights at all levels of government (France);

211

Arrange a follow-up visit from the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous peoples to gauge progress, with a particular focus on missing and murdered indigenous women (United States of America);

228

Develop and implement, in collaboration with Canada's various government entities and civil society, a national action plan to follow-up on the recommendations of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, following its visit in Canada in 2016 (Haiti);

Indigenous Peoples

41

Take further legal and administrative measures for the promotion and protection of human rights of aboriginals and to eliminate discrimination against minorities so that they enjoy life on equal basis throughout the country (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea);

46

Take additional measures to end discriminatory practices against Canada’s indigenous populations, especially indigenous women and children (Algeria);

74

Develop a comprehensive plan to counteract all forms of discrimination against indigenous peoples (Sweden);

76

Adopt and implement policy measures to protect the rights of the peoples of the First Nations and immigrants, especially women (Pakistan);

77

Continue to strengthen its measures to address discrimination against indigenous women and girls as raised by the treaty bodies (Japan);

78

Revoke all discriminatory provisions that remain in the Indian Act, with a view to avoiding revocation of indigenous status (Paraguay);

79

Repeal the remaining discriminatory provisions in the Indian Act (Iceland);

80

Abolish all discriminatory implications of the Indian Act to remove remaining historical discrimination against matrilineal descent regarding aboriginal status (Germany);

106

Ensure that Canada’s indigenous peoples are able to access justice on an equal footing with the rest of Canada’s population (Philippines);

140

Ensure that indigenous peoples have access to the same support, services and ability to exercise their human rights as other Canadian citizens (Sweden);

141

Enhance efforts to protect the rights of indigenous peoples, especially in the field of education and health services (Italy);

142

Cease cases of children being taken away from their parents by child welfare agencies, thus restoring the era of residential schools of 1874-1996 (Syrian Arab Republic);

143

Address disparities in access to health, education and welfare services provided for indigenous people, in particular for children (Hungary);

144

Provide adequate needs-based funding for all social programmes for children and families of First Nations and Indigenous communities (Haiti);

145

Remove all discriminatory practices against First Nations Children in access to health, educational and social supports and services (India);

146

Ensure non-discriminatory and culturally appropriate First Nations Child and Family Services as well as other public services such as education, health, culture and language (Slovenia);

147

Continue its efforts in order to improve healthcare and education for indigenous children, also by ensuring the allocation of adequate funds (Greece);

148

Continue efforts to expand financial and human resources to ensure the implementation of Jordan’s principle (Republic of Korea);

173

Further strengthen its efforts to improve access to quality education for its indigenous peoples, particularly women and girls (Myanmar);

174

Continue efforts to ensure access to every level of education for all indigenous girls and women (Bosnia and Herzegovina);

230

Implement further actions to promote the rights, respect, cooperation and partnership with indigenous peoples (Cuba);

231

Intensify efforts aimed at alleviating challenges faced by Indigenous peoples (Georgia);

232

Intensify efforts aimed at addressing the persistent economic challenges faced by indigenous peoples throughout the country (Namibia);

233

Continue efforts to protect the rights of Indigenous peoples (Republic of Moldova);

234

Continue efforts to guarantee the rights of indigenous people (Gabon);

235

Continue strengthening policies, programmes and legislative reforms for recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples (Plurinational State of Bolivia);

236

Take effective legislative and administrative measures to concretely improve the living conditions of indigenous people and ensure all kinds of rights of them (China);

237

Promote and protect the human rights of its indigenous people, in particular economic, social and cultural rights (Sudan);

238

Take further steps to promote, protect and fulfil the rights of indigenous peoples, particularly regarding their economic, social and cultural rights, on an equal basis with non-indigenous populations(Brazil);

240

Ensure the full equality for indigenous peoples in the protection of their international human rights to health, education and welfare (Norway);

242

Intensify efforts to provide equitable access to health education, social services, quality water and food security for indigenous people (Trinidad and Tobago);

243

Strengthen and enlarge its existing programmes and take more and specific measures towards improving the situation of indigenous persons, in particular with regards to the improvement of housing, employment and education opportunities especially after elementary school, and better safeguard women’s and children’s rights in consultation with civil society (Netherlands);

244

Implement effective measures to reduce the high levels of poverty, food insecurity of the indigenous peoples and to ensure better access for them to health care, education, adequate housing and other basic necessities (India);

245

Continue to develop and implement a comprehensive national strategy to provide access of indigenous peoples to education and health care services, and improve living standards and housing conditions of families with children (Belarus);

246

Take additional steps in order to improve the standard of living of indigenous peoples in Canada (Kazakhstan);

247

Step up efforts to improve the living conditions of indigenous peoples (Mali);

248

Continue to revise and adapt legislation to improve the living conditions of the First Nations (Spain);

249

Continue the important work on reconciliation with Canada's indigenous peoples by fulfilling the Government's promise to implement all of the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in a timely manner (Sri Lanka);

250

Implement all of the “calls to action” from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Australia);

251

Take all decisions concerning First Nations peoples in consultations with them (Slovenia);

252

Adopt measures to provide access to indigenous peoples to land, natural resources and to preserve their culture and languages (Russian Federation);

253

Provide public documentation of consultation and contracting agreements with First Nations (United States of America);

254

Ensure that indigenous communities can express their free and informed consent prior to any measure that may affect their land (Holy See);

255

Ensure the creation of transparent mechanisms for receiving free and informed consent of indigenous peoples in order to carry out economic activities in their traditionally resided territories (Russian Federation);

256

Re-establish the right to a healthy environment, prohibiting the destructive exploitation of the environment, particularly in the territories of indigenous peoples (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);

257

Prohibit the environmentally detrimental development of resources on the territories of indigenous peoples without the free, prior and informed consent of those communities (Ireland);

258

Invest in the preservation of endangered languages spoken by people belonging to First Nations (Israel);

Economic, social and cultural rights

Education and employment

82

Take necessary measures and place more emphasis on the principles of non-discrimination and inclusion in education, mainly for minority groups and persons with disabilities (Albania);

130

Ensure equality of opportunity for all citizens, so that each eligible person would be able to work in high-level and professional job positions (Islamic Republic of Iran);

131

Introduce strict policies and further strengthen its overall law enforcement to address discriminatory hiring practices (Malaysia);

132

Take all measures to ensure the adoption of employment equity legislative and policy measures in all jurisdictions to address unemployment faced by disadvantaged and marginalised groups (Islamic Republic of Iran);

133

Intensify efforts to address the issue of unemployment and take measures to ensure equality in this area (Russian Federation);

134

Address the employment disparity for African Canadians through the enactment of employment equity legislation through targeted hiring policies similar to those for First Nations people (Botswana);

135

Promote fairer working conditions for all, including migrant workers (Nepal);

137

Take the necessary steps to combat discriminatory labour market practices against women and migrant workers (Algeria);

171

Strengthen special measures to increase the level of educational achievements of African Canadian children, in particular by preventing their marginalisation (Serbia);

172

Put in place specific programmes to ensure better education for people of African descent and other indigenous peoples to lift them out of poverty (Senegal);

175

Continue providing resources for a full and effective classroom support needed to ensure inclusive education for children with special needs (Bulgaria);

Poverty, homelessness, and food security

138

Continue to support the social assistance program and improve individual and family income (Libya);

149

Ensure the justiciability of economic, social and cultural rights (South Africa);

150

Ensure that those living in poverty are not unduly criminalised (South Africa)

151

Interpret the Charter of Rights and Freedoms confirming the interdependence and indivisibility of all human rights with a view to ensuring access to food, health and adequate housing for all those living in the country (Uruguay);

153

Continue its efforts to fight against poverty (Gabon);

154

Introduce all measures necessary to combat poverty more effectively while paying particular attention to vulnerable groups and individuals (Bahrain);

155

Continue with efforts to eradicate poverty among vulnerable groups: indigenous peoples, people of African descent and persons with disabilities (Peru);

156

Continue to take all measures necessary to combat poverty more effectively while paying particular attention to groups and individuals, who are more vulnerable to poverty such as indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities, single mothers and minority groups (Serbia);

157

Ensure that its Poverty Reduction Strategy includes a targeted approach to addressing socio-economic disparities and systemic discrimination experienced by African Canadians and indigenous peoples and a federal disaggregated data collection programme (Trinidad and Tobago);

158

Promote social equality and take substantial steps in addressing poverty issue of indigenous, ethnic minority and disabled people (China);

159

Continue efforts to holistically address poverty and homelessness, taking into consideration the needs of the most vulnerable communities, in particular indigenous communities (Sri Lanka);

160

Ensure that adequate measures are put in place to prevent homelessness (South Africa);

161

Guarantee universal access to healthcare, education and a high standard of living without discrimination, including through the collection of disaggregated statistics (Mexico);

162

Take urgent steps to address homelessness and adopt legislation that fully recognizes the right to housing and provide for effective remedies for violations for the right (Philippines);

163

Plan allocating necessary resources in order to overcome swiftly the housing crisis (Belarus);

164

Ensure that the legislation implementing the national housing strategy fully recognizes the right to housing and provide for effective remedies for violations of that right (Portugal);

165

Expedite adoption of the national strategy to address issues of adequate housing (Republic of Korea);

166

Adopt the national housing strategy as soon as possible, taking into account the principles and recommendations included in the most recent report of the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing (Uruguay);

167

Comply with its commitment to guarantee the human right to drinking water and sanitation as well as implement strategies to promote access to drinking water and to improve sanitation facilities in remote areas (Spain);

Equality and non-discrimination

Women and girls

107

Work towards improving women’s access to justice, including indigenous and racialized women, and women with disabilities (Qatar);

125

Devise innovative policies to bring down existing gender wage gaps (Israel);

126

Combat the wage gap between men and women on the base of equal pay for work of equal value (Lebanon);

127

Bridge the wage gap between men and women (Iraq);

128

Adopt legislation in the federal jurisdiction and in all provincial and territorial jurisdictions on the principle of equal pay for work of equal value (Iceland);

129

Implement existing measures effectively for improving gender equality with a view to enhancing women’s participation in decision making, full time employment and equal pay for equal work (India);

169

Take action to ensure equal access to abortion and comprehensive sexuality education across provinces and territories (Norway);

176

Take measures to promote greater political participation of women in legislative bodies (Costa Rica);

177

Continue its work towards enhancing gender equality and women’s political and economic empowerment (Iceland);

178

Continue adopting programs and measures that seek to address the inequalities that women and girls suffer in the country (Cuba);

Violence against women and children

75

Step up efforts to protect indigenous women and girls from all forms of discrimination, violence and abuse (Philippines);

112

Increase funding for civil legal aid in order to ensure women have access to adequate legal aid in all jurisdictions, in particular women victims of violence (Ghana);

179

Continue efforts to combat discrimination and violence against women (Morocco);

180

Continue to combat violence against women (France);

181

Continue efforts to curb violence against women (Nepal);

182

Further strengthen its efforts in addressing issues regarding gender based violence against women (Indonesia);

183

Strengthen measures taken to prevent and punish all forms of violence against women and girls (Mali);

184

Step up efforts in order to make more efficient the legal framework to protect women against all forms of violence, from all age categories and from sexual abuse (Lebanon);

185

Stepping up efforts to protect victims of violence and ensure sufficient number of adequate shelter for them (Czechia);

186

Enhance the efficiency of measures aiming at better preventing all forms of violence against indigenous women and girls (Kazakhstan);

187

Take immediate steps to ensure safe emergency shelter with adequate support in Northern communities for those seeking protection from violence, in line with needs (Denmark);

188

Reinforce the existing mechanisms to prevent violence against women and girls as well as human trafficking, particularly against vulnerable populations (Angola);

189

Continue efforts to reduce violence against indigenous women and girls, including by implementing the recommendations of the UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women after her recent visit (New Zealand);

190

Strengthen measures to protect victims of violence against women and girls, particularly among minority communities, including through ensuring access to quality multi-sectoral responses for survivors covering safety, shelter, health, justice and other essential services (Rwanda);

191

Introduce a concrete action plan to combat all forms of violence against women and girls (Norway);

192

Adopt a comprehensive, measureable, well-resourced, time-bound National Action Plan to address all forms of violence against women and girls and make adequate shelters available to all victims (Germany);

193

Adopt a National Action Plan, in consultation with civil society organizations, to combat gender-based violence against women (Albania);

194

Convert the Federal Strategy on gender-based violence into a National Action Plan (Australia);

195

Adopt a National Action Plan, in consultation with civil society organizations, especially indigenous women's organizations, to combat gender-based violence against women (Zambia);

196

Adopt a National Action Plan on violence against women and girls, consulting in line with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples on specific provisions for indigenous women (Denmark);

197

Adopt a comprehensive and time-bound National Action Plan to address all forms of violence against women, including Indigenous women and girls (Finland);

198

Take effective legal measures to combat violence against women, especially indigenous and ethnic minority women (China);

199

Ensure effective investigation of cases of violence against women and girls, especially those belonging to indigenous peoples, and bring the perpetrators to justice (Russian Federation);

200

Continue all efforts to combat discrimination against women and to combat violence against women, particularly indigenous women and women of African descent (Tunisia);

201

Step up efforts to reinforce existing measures for combating violence against women, especially indigenous women (Honduras);

202

Take immediate legal measures in order to stop the ongoing violence against indigenous and aboriginal peoples especially women (Islamic Republic of Iran);

203

Continue its efforts to prevent and punish all forms of violence against indigenous women and girls as well as to redress victims (Myanmar);

204

Continue to investigate, prosecute and prevent cases of violence against aboriginal women and girls (Estonia);

205

Ensure relevant authorities record the aboriginality of victims of gender-based violence (Australia);

206

Continue to strengthen protection of the rights of indigenous women and girls against violence, in particular by systematically conducting investigations and ensuring the collection and dissemination of data on violence against indigenous women (Belgium);

207

Continue working with partners at all levels to address the significant levels of violence against aboriginal women, and its root causes (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland);

208

Reinforce efforts to investigate missing and murdered cases of aboriginal women (Republic of Korea);

209

Extend the mandate of the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls national inquiry by two years to allow all victims to be heard (Sri Lanka);

210

To help provide greater transparency regarding missing and murdered indigenous women, appoint a permanent government interlocutor to report to the Assembly of First Nations on the status of the ongoing inquiry into the cases of missing and murdered indigenous women (United States of America);

212

Take the necessary steps to investigate complaints lodged regarding forced sterilization of women from vulnerable groups and, where appropriate, punish those responsible and assist affected women (Argentina);

Children and youth

38

Adopt and ensure the effective implementation of a national youth policy that would promote the full realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all young people (Republic of Moldova);

120

Continue efforts to promote political participation of young people with a particular focus on empowerment of young women, including indigenous women (Republic of Moldova);

139

Take steps to ensure that all Canadian children have equal access to government services such as health, education and welfare, and address the disparities in access to these services for indigenous children in particular (Ireland);

213

Explicitly prohibit corporal punishment of children in all settings, including at home (Montenegro);

214

Enact and implement Bill S-206 as soon as possible (Sweden);

215

Continue current efforts to protect children from sexual exploitation (Tunisia);

216

Continue efforts to complete implementation of the remaining recommendations, including the promotion of human rights education and the establishment of a Federal Children’s Ombudsman or Commission (Bhutan);

Persons with disabilities

170

Develop people and community-centred mental health services that do not lead to institutionalization, over-medicalization, and practices that do not respect the rights, will and preferences of all persons (Portugal);

217

Develop and apply mechanisms for combating inequality and discrimination affecting persons with disabilities and for gathering data on progress made (Panama);

218

Fully implement the rights of persons with disabilities, whose grievances make up almost 50 percent of all discrimination complaints filed in Canada (Hungary);

219

Remove inequality and discrimination faced by persons with disabilities in realisation of right to education, work, employment, healthcare, affordable housing and other basic needs (India);

220

Allocate necessary resources to enable persons with disabilities to be afforded with opportunities to improve their overall wellbeing and live in dignity (Malaysia);

221

Continue to tackle the issues related to people with disabilities and poverty as pointed out by relevant treaty bodies (Japan);

222

Ensure equal opportunities and accessibility for persons with disabilities (Bahrain);

223

Promote the harmonization of legislation for the implementation of accessibility rights for persons with disabilities in all jurisdictions (Mexico);

224

Take further steps to extend welfare services and assistance to all persons with disabilities (Bulgaria);

225

Consider all options and measures to ensure the legislation encompasses all aspects of obligations under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Slovakia);

226

Establish official and standing mechanisms to consult with organisations of persons with disabilities (Spain);

Immigrants, refugees, asylum-seekers, and migrant workers

81

Further strengthen policies for social inclusion and tolerance between groups, particularly with regard to migrants (Viet Nam);

136

Take steps to reduce the employment gap among immigrants by provision of employment opportunities without discrimination (Pakistan);

259

Consider taking further necessary measures to ensure adequate protection of the rights of migrants and refugees (Nigeria);

260

Take legislative and administrative actions to reform current policies to ensure protection of all migrants (Islamic Republic of Iran);

261

Improve the conditions of migrant workers (Iraq);

262

Continue to take steps to improve the conditions of migrant workers, including temporary and seasonal workers and their welfare (Sri Lanka);

263

Enable migrant workers, especially those of African descent, to access basic health services (Senegal);

264

Ensure that temporary and migrant agricultural workers are covered under the protection of labour legislation and have access to health and employment benefits (Trinidad and Tobago);

265

Revise its national legislation with a view to guaranteeing respect for and protection of migrant workers, particularly as regards access to healthcare and social protection for seasonal workers and their protection against all types of exploitation or trafficking (Honduras);

266

Give attention to the issue of immigration detention for an indefinite period and seek to amend legislation to set a time limit for detention (Costa Rica);

267

Take steps to limit the use and prorogation of immigration detention (Mexico);

268

Ensure that all individuals who attempt to enter the country are provided with equal access to asylum proceedings (Mozambique);

269

Reinforce strategies aimed at reducing the backlog faced by the Immigration and Refugee Board, which causes delays in asylum procedures (Zambia);

270

Prevent additional delays in asylum procedures (Afghanistan);

271

Continue to improve the condition of refugees and asylum seekers in accordance with Canada’s international human rights obligation (Indonesia);

272

Eliminate or improve the two exceptions of subsection 115.2 of the Law on Immigration and Protection of Refugees in order to safeguard the principle of non-refoulement, according to what is established under international law (Ecuador);

273

Put an end to the detention of child refugees and asylum seekers, with alternatives to detention that respect the best interest of the child (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);

274

Put an end to the detention of refugee and asylum seeking children, through alternatives that fully take into consideration the best interest of the child (Ecuador);

275

Establish a procedure for the determination of statelessness as well as stateless status that is protected and facilitates the naturalization process for people in this situation (Chile).

Racism and non-discrimination

39

Further intensify their efforts for the elimination of structural inequality and intersectional discrimination faced by vulnerable groups (Cyprus);

40

Continue with efforts to combat all forms of discrimination and intolerance, especially against minority groups (El Salvador);

42

Redouble its efforts to raise awareness of the xenophobic and race-based discrimination and ill-treatment with a view to thoroughly ending such practices in the society (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea);

44

Strengthen legislation to combat discriminatory practices against indigenous peoples and people of African descent, and promote their inclusion in the area of human rights (Madagascar);

45

Put an end to the violation of human rights of ethnic, minority and vulnerable groups, eradicating racist and discriminatory practices by public organisations and entities (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);

47

Continue to implement policies to reduce inequalities, especially among indigenous peoples, racial and religious minorities and increase access to basic social services for all (Angola);

48

Continuing efforts to combat racism, discrimination and hatred (Libya);

49

Redouble efforts in combating racism and discrimination in all its forms (Nigeria);

50

Eliminate all forms of racial discrimination through legal, administrative and policy measures (Kenya);

51

Continue to support governmental programs aimed at combatting racism and hatred, and fostering positive interaction between different cultural, religious and ethnic groups in Canada (Lebanon);

53

Adopt and implement a National Plan to combat racial discrimination (Togo);

54

Criminalize acts of violence on the basis of race and religion (Pakistan);

55

Introduce legislations for banning any organization that incites racial discrimination (Pakistan);

56

Continue efforts to combat racial discrimination and hate speech against foreigners and minorities (Tunisia);

57

Strengthen measures to combat structural discrimination against Canadian Africans, indigenous peoples, LGTBIQ persons and religious minorities, in particular by establishing effective mechanisms of investigation and punishment of authors of acts of discrimination and violence against them (Argentina);

58

Making serious efforts to deal with crimes committed on racial ground and motivated by religious and ethnic hatred (Syrian Arab Republic);

59

Intensify efforts to combat hate crimes (Iraq);

60

Strengthen its policy to fight against offenses motivated by racial hatred (Côte d’Ivoire);

61

Redouble efforts to eliminating racist hate crimes and encourage the population to report such crimes (Qatar);

64

Address racist hate crimes especially against black population (Mozambique);

67

Eliminate any form of racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance against Muslims and the people of the African descent (Sudan);

68

Continue strengthening the legislative and institutional foundations to combat discrimination against indigenous peoples, migrants, refugees, people of African-descent, and Muslim minorities (Egypt);

69

Develop and implement strategies, including the introduction of legislation and awareness campaigns to counter anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim sentiment across Canada (Bahrain);

70

Continue to combat racial hatred and crimes against Muslims (Senegal);

71

Pay more attention to the issue of the rise of Islamophobia in certain provinces of Canada (Kazakhstan);

73

Address the worrying trend of the growing number of anti-Semitic incidents against members of the Jewish community in Canada (Hungary);

121

Continue making further efforts to ensure equal participation in political and public affairs (Slovakia);

152

Ensure that the rights to health, education and employment of indigenous peoples, people of African descent as well as migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are respected and guaranteed (Madagascar);

168

Continue promoting the living conditions of ethnic and racial minorities, especially in the areas of healthcare and decent housing (Holy See);

227

Broaden the legislative framework as well as programmes and policies for improving the promotion and protection of the rights of people of African descent (Plurinational State of Bolivia);

229

Continue taking steps to address the gaps in the promotion and protection of the rights of minorities and indigenous peoples (Bhutan);

239

Enable vulnerable persons, including indigenous peoples, to enjoy their basic rights; access to water, health, education, and a fair justice system (France);

241

Make additional efforts to ensure equitable access to quality health, education and other social services for those belonging to indigenous communities and to those racialized individuals and groups (Qatar);

Older persons

84

Continue efforts made to protect the rights of the elderly (Morocco);

LGBTQ2

83

Continue strengthening efforts in promoting the rights of LGBTI persons (South Africa);

Public safety and law enforcement

43

Strengthen measures adopted by the Government to combat racism and discrimination against Canadians of African descent and indigenous peoples in the criminal justice system (Belarus);

52

Strengthen its efforts to fight racial discrimination, including by enhancing institutional capacity to systematically document, investigate and prosecute racially motivated crimes (Rwanda);

62

Take further measures to address hate crimes and racial profiling in accordance with the rule of law, especially those that are directed towards religious minorities (Indonesia);

63

Take appropriate measures to address racism, racial discrimination and racial profiling especially for people of African descent and bring the perpetrators to book (Namibia);

65

Conduct impartial, thorough and effective investigations into all cases of attacks, harassment and intimidation against religious and ethnic minority groups and bring perpetrators of such offenses to justice (Azerbaijan);

66

End anti-black and anti-Muslim discrimination and racism and implement an appropriate justice strategy within the criminal justice system in this regard (Islamic Republic of Iran);

72

Ensure the consistent collection of data on ethnic and racial discrimination in the criminal justice system, as well as intensify the fight against racial profiling and ethnic and religious intolerance (Russian Federation);

102

End excessive use of force by police, when responding to cases involving vulnerable people of African descent, such as those who mentally ill (Sudan);

103

Adopting measures to prevent excessive use of force and a high number of police-involved deaths among vulnerable people of African descent (Czechia);

104

Put an end to the practice of excessive use of force by law enforcement officers, and arbitrary detentions during protests at federal and provincial levels (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela);

105

Halt the practice of solitary confinement of prisoners (Philippines);

108

Stop racial profiling and other discriminatory practices by the police and security agencies (India);

109

Combat racist hate crimes and racial profiling by the police, security agencies and border agents (South Africa);

110

Take measures to prohibit targeting, profiling and harassment of Muslims by its police, security agencies and other authorities (Pakistan);

111

Take effective measures to avoid that the police, security agencies and border agents continue to carry out day-to-day controls with a racist bias, against indigenous peoples, Muslims, Afro-Canadians and other minority ethnic groups (Ecuador);

113

Take measures to provide necessary assistance to victims of violence, including psychological assistance (Russian Federation);

114

Tackle the root causes of the over-representation of African Canadians and indigenous peoples at all levels of the judicial system, from arrest to incarceration (Congo);

115

Take effective measures to reduce overcrowding in detention centres (Ghana);

116

Organize training programs for law-enforcement officials to guarantee the respect of human rights standards (Egypt);

117

Adopt specific measures to address racial profiling in law enforcement to prevent arbitrary arrests, stops, searches and investigations and over-incarceration of African Canadians (Botswana);

119

Strengthen framework to prevent misuse of freedom of expression to incite violence and glorification of terrorists as martyrs (India);

122

Enhance efforts to adopt adequate mechanisms to identify victims of trafficking, especially those who need protection and rehabilitation, including women belonging to ethnic minorities;

123

Investigate, prosecute and adequately punish all cases of trafficking in persons (Serbia);

124

Revise the National Action plan to Combat Human Trafficking to reflect international commitments Canada has subsequently made in this area (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland);

Business and human rights

88

Strengthen its legislation and standards in conformity with international obligations, conducting periodic environmental impact assessments in the context of industrial activity (Panama);

89

Ensure that mining operations are conducted on the basis of clear and honest assessments of their environmental impact (Holy See);

90

Strengthen legislation regulating the foreign activities of companies registered or headquartered in Canada (Peru);

91

Take further steps to prevent human rights impacts by Canadian companies operating overseas as well as ensure access to remedies for people affected and to share Canada's practices as appropriate (Thailand);

92

Ensure that Canada’s mining, oil and gas companies are held accountable for the negative human rights impact of their operations abroad (Philippines);

93

Adopt additional measures to guarantee the accountability for transnational corporations and other business enterprises with regard to human rights abuses in third countries throughout their chain of production and operation (Brazil);

94

Strengthen measures aimed at ensuring access to justice and remedies for violations of rights of persons by transnational corporations registered in Canada operating abroad (Namibia);

95

Exercise due diligence in dealing with business entities that are involved in illegal economic activities and human rights violations in the uncontrolled conflict-affected territories of other United Nations Member States (Azerbaijan);

96

Consider making the Office of the Extractive Sector Corporate Social Responsibility Counsellor independent, and to broaden its mandate (Haiti);

97

Consistency with the United Nations guidelines with regard to the arrival of the victims of Canadian companies operating abroad to justice in Canada (Syrian Arab Republic);

98

Develop a National Action Plan for business and human rights (Switzerland);

99

Adopt a National Action Plan to implement the United Nations Guiding Principles on business and human rights (Kenya);

100

Start work on the drafting of a National Action Plan to implement the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, in cooperation with all stakeholders concerned (Belgium);

101

Adopt legislation governing the conduct of corporations under its jurisdiction in relation to their activities abroad (Kenya);

Other rights

85

Consider raising the level of Official Development Assistance to meet the target of 0.7 per cent of gross national income in response to the call of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Nepal);

86

Increase official development assistance to reach the 0.7% threshold of the Gross National Product, with a focus on capacity building and resilience (Haiti);

87

Engage actively with the international community in efforts to promote and protect human rights in the context of climate change (Viet Nam);

118

Decriminalize defamation and include it in the Civil Code in accordance with international standards (Estonia);