New Definitions for Military Sexual Trauma (MST) and Service-Related Military Sexual Trauma (SMST) in the Defence Terminology Bank

June 6, 2025 - Defence Stories

This article deals with sexual misconduct, which can be a difficult subject matter, and some people may not want to read further. Support services are available to all Defence Team members.

The prevention of sexual violence and gender-based violence, is a top priority for the Defence Team. Defence Team members, stakeholders and experts have emphasized that the language used to describe issues and situations in the workplace can profoundly impact understanding and response.

As part of this work, two new definitions have been added to the Defence Terminology Bank (Accessible only on the National Defence network) to acknowledge and address sensitive issues such as military sexual trauma.

What are the new definitions?

Following careful consultation with diverse contributors, including people with lived experiences, researchers, and health professionals, the following two terms have been defined and adopted for use within the Defence Team:

• Military sexual trauma (MST): “A trauma caused by experiencing or witnessing any unwanted sexual or sexualized activities in a military context. Note: Both military and civilians can experience MST."
• Service-related military sexual trauma (SMST): “A military sexual trauma experienced by a CAF member that is related to their military service.”

These terms reflect an inclusive and trauma-informed approach and recognize the experiences of those affected.

Note that the new definitions of MST and SMST are for internal DND/CAF purposes only. As such, they have no meaning outside of that context. They do not recognize or denote a diagnosis or a tort, and DND/CAF’s use of these terms does not create an entitlement to any type of benefit, compensation, or any entitlement at law.

Why are these definitions important?

The updated definitions are more than words - they are a commitment to a safer, healthier, and more effective Defence Team. They reflect a recognition of the harm caused to Defence Team members by sexual violence and gender-based violence in a military context and the necessity of creating systems that prevent harm, support affected individuals, and build trust within the organization.

The new definitions can provide affected persons with language they can use to describe their experiences in a way that validates their trauma while reducing the need to recount details repeatedly. This is particularly important for those navigating care, reporting processes, or legal systems.

By using specific terms, Defence Team members can gain clarity in recognizing these experiences for what they are and respond to the complex consequences that they can have on people. Ultimately, these definitions support the broader goal of enhancing the well-being and resilience of CAF members and all persons working within a military context, contributing to a healthier and more effective Defence Team.

We encourage all Defence Team members to familiarize themselves with these definitions and the resources available. The definitions will be reviewed every 12–18 months so that they remain responsive to evolving needs.

Where can I get support if I have experienced MST or SMST?

The Defence Team recognizes the enduring impacts of military sexual trauma and remains committed to fostering a culture of care and accountability. If you or someone you know has experienced MST or SMST, there is a range of services that can provide immediate care, support or medical assistance. Of note, the Sexual Misconduct Support Resource Centre is available for 24/7 help and support for CAF members and civilians at DND by calling 1-844-750-1648 or on weekdays at DND.SMSRC-CSRIS.MDN@forces.gc.ca.