Archived: Air Pollutant Emission Inventory report: annex 2 - inventory development: part 2
A2.2 In-house estimates: continued
Table A2-2: estimation methodologies for ore and mineral industries (sector/subsector)
Asphalt paving industry
Description
Asphalt Paving Industry consists of emissions released during asphalt concrete (or hot-mix asphalt) manufacturing and application. Asphalt concrete manufacturing includes the heating and mixing of asphaltic cement with a mixture of graded aggregates. The sector applies to both permanent or portable hot-mix asphalt installations.
General inventory method
Pollutant(s) Estimated:
TPM, PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, VOCs, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, dioxins/furans, B(a)p, B(b)f, B(k)f, I(cd)p
Total usage of asphalt by province/territory is multiplied by pollutant-specific emission factors.
Activity data
Cutback and emulsion asphalt data to calculate VOC emissions from paving process: SNC/GECO Canada (1981)
Asphalt usage data from construction sector: Statistics Canada 1990-2016
Emission factors (EF)
TPM, PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, VOCs, CO, Pb, Cd, Hg, dioxins/furans, B(a)p, B(b)f, B(k)f, I(cd)p: Senes Consultants (2008)
VOCs from paving: SNC/GECO Canada (1981)
Concrete batching and products (under cement and concrete industry)
Description
Concrete Batching and Products include emissions produced by activities at concrete batching plants.
Concrete is composed essentially of water, cement, fine aggregate (i.e. sand) and coarse aggregate (i.e. gravel, crushed stone or iron blast furnace slag). Concrete batching plants store, convey, measure and discharge these constituents into trucks for transport to a construction site or process, for use in the manufacturing of concrete pipe, concrete blocks, etc.
General inventory method
Pollutant(s) Estimated:
TPM, PM10, PM2.5, Pb, Cd
Total usage of cement by province/territory (using national data with a provincial/territory population distribution), is multiplied by pollutant-specific emission factors.
Activity data
Cement consumption distribution for the provinces: CANMET (1993)
Cement production data: NRCan (2016)
Population data for the provinces: Statistics Canada
Emission factors (EF)
TPM, PM10, PM2.5, Pb, Cd: U.S. EPA (1998, 2010a)
Emission factors for TPM, PM10 and PM2.5 emitted by loading mixers and loading trucks: (U.S. EPA 2006).
PM10 and PM2.5 emission factors for sand and aggregate transfer are derived from a weighted combination of TPM emission factors, using information from the U.S. EPA’s PM Calculator database (2010a) (using SCC 30501101):
EFPM10=0.51*EFTPM
EFPM2.5=0.15*EFTPM
Ferrous foundries (under foundries)
Description
Ferrous Foundries include facilities that produce castings of various types of ferro-alloys, as well as small iron and steel foundries not associated with integrated iron and steel facilities. The types of foundries found in Canada include open ferrous, electric arc and induction foundries.
General inventory method
Pollutant(s) Estimated: TPM, PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, VOCs, CO
Methodology under review.
The in-house estimates were last calculated in 2011 and have been carried forward to 2016.
Activity data
Methodology under review.
Emission factors (EF)
Methodology under review.
Rock, sand and gravel (under mining and rock quarrying)
Description
Rock, Sand and Gravel encompasses emissions from rock quarrying, stone processing, and sand and gravel operations.
Rock quarrying activities typically include: overburden removal, drilling in rock, blasting, loading of materials, transporting raw materials by conveyors or haulage trucks, scraping, bulldozing, grading, open storage pile losses, and wind erosion from exposed areas.
Stone processing is categorized into three activities, depending on the size of stone required: crushed stone, pulverized stone and building stone.
Sand and gravel deposits are quarried, transported to the plant, and then classified and stockpiled. Processing is accomplished by crushing, screening, washing, blending and stockpiling materials according to product specifications. Products are used for road construction, as an aggregate for asphalt and concrete, and for other construction purposes such as fill and mortar sand. Sand is also used in the glassmaking, foundry and abrasives industries
General inventory method
Pollutant(s) Estimated:
TPM, PM10, PM2.5
Total quantity of rock, sand and gravel produced by province/territory is multiplied by pollutant-specific emission factors.
Activity data
Annual Statistics, Mineral Production of Canada, by Province and Territory NRCan (2017).
Emission factors (EF)
TPM, PM10, PM2.5: EMEP/EEA (2013)
Silica production (under mining and rock quarrying)
Description
Silica Production applies to silica sand quarrying and processing mainly for the glass and refining and smelting industries. Industrial sand processing operations are similar to those of construction sand production, with dust emissions originating mainly from crushing and screening operations, especially when grinding to very fine particle sizes. Dry or wet screening and air classification may be carried out to achieve the desired size distribution. Both wet and dry methods of dust control are used, and baghouses are commonly used.
General inventory method
Pollutant(s) Estimated:
TPM, PM10, PM2.5
Total quantity of silica produced by province/territory is multiplied by pollutant-specific emission factors.
Activity data
Annual mineral production: NRCan (2017)
Confidential provincial production values are estimated with population distributions: Statistics Canada a
Emission factors (EF)
TPM, PM10, PM2.5: EMEP/EEA (2013)
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