Appendix B - Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification and Trophic Magnification Data

**Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification and Trophic Magnification Data**
Species, Food Web or Predator: Prey	Ecosystem	Study Type	Tissue	Location	Endpoint	Result	Statistic	Reference	Notes
Pelagic food web (zooplankton, whitefish, white sucker, emerald shiner, goldeye, burbot, walleye)(Calanoid sp., Coregonus clupeaformis, Catostomus commersoni, Notropis atherinoides, Hiodon alosoides, Lota lota, Stizostedion vitreum)	Aquatic	Field	Whole body	Lake Winnipeg	TMF (lipid normalized)	3.6	Regression slope	Law et al. 2006	Statistically significant slope (P < .001)
Fish: fish	Aquatic	Field	Whole body	Lake Winnipeg	BMFs (lipid normalized)	0.1–6.8	Range	Law et al. 2006	Generally superceded by TMF from the same system but still useful supporting info
Fish: invertebrates	Aquatic	Field	Whole body	Lake Winnipeg	BMFs (lipid normalized)	0.2–34	Range	Law et al. 2006	Generally superceded by TMF from the same system but still useful supporting info
Pelagic food web (zooplankton, sprat, herring, salmon) ( Sprattus sprattus, Clupea harengus, Salmo salar)	Aquatic	Field	Whole body	Baltic Sea	TMF (lipid normalized)	~0.6 (not signifi- cantly different from 0)	Regression slope	Burreau et al. 2006	Lowest trophic level (zoo- plankton) had much higher concen- trations than fish; the feeding relation- ships were not described
Pelagic food web (roach, perch, pike) (Rutilus rutilus, Perca fluviatilis, Esox lucius)	Aquatic	Field	Whole body	Baltic Sea	TMF (lipid normalized)	~0.80 (not signifi- cantly different from 0)	Regression slope	Burreau et al. 2004	Lowest trophic level (zoo- plankton) had much higher concen- trations than fish; the feeding relation- ships were not described
Fish: fish	Aquatic	Field	Whole body	Baltic Sea	BMFs (lipid normalized)	0.02–1.3	Range	Burreau et al. 2004
Fish: zooplankton	Aquatic	Field	Whole body	Baltic Sea	BMFs (lipid normalized)	0.04–0.11	Range	Burreau et al. 2006	Unclear if fish feed on sampled zoo-plankton
Fish: fish	Aquatic	Field	Whole body	Baltic Sea	BMFs (lipid normalized)	1.71–5	Range	Burreau et al. 2006
Juvenile Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush	Aquatic	Lab	Whole body	na	BMF (lipid normalized)	0.3	Mean	Tomy et al. 2004	It is unlikely that steady state was reached during the experiment and the BMF was estimated using the kinetic method
Carp Cyprinus carpio	Aquatic	Lab	Whole body	n/a	BCF (wet weight)	< 3 000		MITI 1992	Tissue MDL divided by water solubility, high uncertainty
Rainbow trout Salvelinus namaycush	Aquatic	Lab	Carcass	n/a	BMF (lipid normalized)	0.022	Range	Stapleton et al. 2006	decaBDE only
Rainbow trout Salvelinus namaycush	Aquatic	Lab	Carcass	n/a	BMF (lipid normalized)	0.089	Mean	Stapleton et al. 2006	decaBDE + BDE metabolites
Rainbow trout Salvelinus namaycush	Aquatic	Lab	Serum	n/a	BMF (lipid normalized)	0.35	Mean	Stapleton et al. 2006	decaBDE only
Rainbow trout Salvelinus namaycush	Aquatic	Lab	Serum	n/a	BMF (lipid normalized)	0.52	Mean	Stapleton et al. 2006	decaBDE + BDE metabolites
Rainbow trout Salvelinus namaycush	Aquatic	Lab	Liver	n/a	BMF (lipid normalized)	1.28	Mean	Stapleton et al. 2006	decaBDE only
Rainbow trout Salvelinus namaycush	Aquatic	Lab	Liver	n/a	BMF (lipid normalized)	1.73	Mean	Stapleton et al. 2006	decaBDE + BDE metabolites
Polar cod:ice ampipod Boreogadus saida: Gammarus wilkitzkii	Marine	Field	Whole body	Svalbard, Norway	BMF (lipid normalized)	0.03	Mean	Sørmo et al. 2005
Grey seals Halichoerus grypus	Marine mammal	Captive	Blood	North Sea	BMF (lipid normalized)	8.3–20.8	Range	Thomas et al. 2005
Grey seals Halichoerus grypus	Marine mammal	Captive	Blubber	North Sea	BMF (lipid normalized)	0.025– 0.063	Range	Thomas et al. 2005	Based on day 30 concen- tration
Grey seals Halichoerus grypus	Marine mammal	Captive	Blubber	North Sea	BMF (lipid normalized)	0.044–0.11	Range	Thomas et al. 2005	Based on day 83 concen- tration (unlikely to represent steady-state conditions)
Grizzly bear Ursus arctos horribilis	Terrestrial	Field	Fat and muscle	Coastal and interior British Columbia	Bioaccumulation slope	negative (not signifi- cantly different from 0)	Regression slope	Christensen et al. 2005	A positive bioaccu- mulation slope would provide evidence of biomagni- fication or trophic magnification
Earthworm Phylum annelida	Terrestrial	Lab	Whole body		Soil BSAF(lipid and OC normalized)	0.044– 0.73 (0.3)	Range (mean)	Sellstrom et al. 2005
Rat	Terrestrial	Lab	Whole body	n/a	BMF (wet weight)	0.05	Mean	Huwe and Smith 2007a, b
Cow	Terrestrial	Lab	Adipose tissue	n/a	BMF (lipid normalized)	0.037	Mean	Kierkegaard et al. 2007	Based on mean silage concen- tration
Cow	Terrestrial	Lab	Adipose tissue	n/a	BMF (lipid normalized)	0.31	Mean	Kierkegaard et al. 2007	Based on silage concen- tration at end of experiment
Cow	Terrestrial	Lab	Whole body	n/a	BMF (lipid normalized)	0.026	Mean	Kierkegaard et al. 2007	Based on mean silage concen- tration
Cow	Terrestrial	Lab	Whole body	n/a	BMF (lipid normalized)	0.21	Mean	Kierkegaard et al. 2007	Based on silage concen- tration at end of experiment
Sunfish Lepomis gibbosus	Aquatic	Field	Whole body	Marlowe Ck., Roxboro, NC	BSAF (lipid and OC normalized)	0.0018	Mean	La Guardia et al. 2007
Crayfish Campbarus punctic ambarus sp. C	Aquatic	Field	Whole body	Marlowe Ck., Roxboro, NC	BSAF (lipid and OC normalized)	0.013	Mean	La Guardia et al. 2007
Various (see comments)	Aquatic	Field	Whole body	Pearl River Delta, China	BSAF (lipid and OC normalized)	0 – 0.4	Range	Xiang et al. 2007	Large yellow croaker (omnivore), silvery pomfret (omnivore), flathead fish (benthi- vore), robust tonguefish (benthi- vore), Bombay duck (piscivore), jinga shrimp (benthic inverte- brate), greasy-back shrimp (benthic inverte- brate), mantis shrimp (benthic invertebrate)
Fish (see comments)	Aquatic	Field	Whole body	River Vero, Spain	BSAF (lipid and OC normalized)	0.0011 to 0.0013	Range	Eljarrat et al. 2007	Barbell and carp
Aquatic oligochaete	Aquatic	Lab	Whole body	n/a	Accumulation	Minimal		Ciparis and Hale 2005

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Date modified:: 2013-07-10