Key results from the 2019 reports under the Products Containing Mercury Regulations

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Report objectives

Canada is committed to reducing the risk to the environment and human health from mercury found in products. To this end, the Products Containing Mercury Regulations (hereafter "the Regulations") were enacted in 2014 and came into force in 2015. The Regulations broadly prohibit the import and manufacture of products containing mercury or any of its compounds in Canada, with some exemptions for essential products, which have no technically or economically viable alternatives. The exemptions are listed in the schedule of the Regulations.

The objective of the Regulations is to protect the environment and human health by reducing releases of mercury from products used in Canada to the lowest level that is technically and economically feasible.

This report provides a summary of the imports and manufacture of essential products containing mercury that are exempted in Canada under the Regulations. All information in this report is based on data submitted by organizations that imported or manufactured products containing mercury in Canada for the triennial reporting years 2016 and 2019 (See Annex 1). The Regulations’ 2016 Report is also available.

The information in this report will inform decisions regarding amendments to the Regulations. Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) expects to publish the amended Regulations in the Canada Gazette Part I in 2021. The proposed modifications are detailed in the Consultation document published in 2018.

Products containing mercury: snapshot of 2019

In 2019, the total quantity of mercury contained in all products reported was 655 kg. The vast majority of mercury is found in dental amalgam (74%). The rest is found in lamps (17%), measuring instruments (5%) and other categories of products (3%) (figure 1).

Total quantity of mercury in products:

655 kg

The most common products containing mercury are lamps and dental amalgam capsules

The analysis indicates that a total of 24 523 487 individual products containing mercury were imported and manufactured in Canada in 2019 (See Annex 4). Among these, 23 million were lamps, 1.1 million were dental amalgam capsules, slightly over 4 500 were measuring instruments and around 244 000 were a variety of other types of lesser used essential products. No reports were submitted on 14 items out of the 34 listed in the schedule of the Regulations (See Annex 2).

Dental amalgam represents 74% of mercury in products.


Figure 1: mercury in products in Canada, 2019

Figure 1: mercury in products in Canada, 2019
Long description for figure 1

A circular diagram shows the distribution of mercury into 4 groupings of exempted products relative to the total quantity found in all exempted products in 2019.

Category of product Quantity of mercury in 2019
(kg)
Percentage
Dental amalgam 485 74 %
Lamps 112 17 %
Measuring instruments and reference materials 35 5 %
All others 22 3 %
Total 655 100 %


Nearly all products containing mercury are imported

In 2019, a total of 100 organizations reported having imported and/or manufactured products containing mercury. Of these, 93 organizations reported importing products, 4 reported manufacturing products, and 3 reporting doing both. Over 98% of all products containing mercury were imported that year, the rest were manufactured in Canada.

Over 50% of mercury in lamps is from fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps

A breakdown of lamp products shows that straight fluorescent lamps (LFL) (45%), and compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) (8%) make up for over 50% of the mercury found in lamps containing mercury in Canada (figure 2). Another important category of lamps for general lighting purposes is metal halide (25%), which is a type of high intensity discharge lamps (HID) used in stadiums, warehouses or industrial settings. Automobile headlamps together with electronic displays (CCFL and EEFL) account for 0.02% of total mercury in lamps. Based on the 2019 reports, no induction lamps, mercury vapour lamps, external electrode fluorescent lamps or neon lamps were imported or manufactured in Canada.

LFL and CFL represent 53% of mercury in lamps


Figure 2: mercury in lamps in Canada, 2019

Figure 2: mercury in lamps in Canada, 2019
Long description for figure 2

A circular diagram shows the distribution of mercury by lamp type relative to the total quantity found in all exempted lamps in Canada in 2019.

Lamp type Quantity of mercury in 2019
(kg)
Percentage
LFL 50 45 %
Metal halide 28 25 %
CFL 9 8 %
High pressure sodium 6 5 %
Non-linear 2 2 %
All others 18 16 %
Total 112 100 %


Products containing mercury: a declining trend

Between 2016 and 2019, there was a drastic decline (63%) in the total number of products containing mercury that were imported or manufactured in Canada. As a result, the overall quantity of mercury found in exempted products in Canada has decreased by 41% during the same period (figure 3).

63% fewer products contained mercury in 2019

This trend is reflected in the decline in the number of companies that imported or manufactured mercury-added products in Canada during the same period (decreasing from 125 organisations to 100).

Diminution of dental amalgam

In 2019, 1.1 million of dental amalgam capsules were imported to Canada, down from 1.5 million in 2016. This change is equivalent to 25% fewer capsules. In terms of mercury, the quantities went down to 485 kg in 2019, from 632 kg in 2016. It meant that 23% less mercury entered Canada in the form of dental amalgam in 2019.

25% fewer dental amalgam capsules imported in 2019


Figure 3: comparison of mercury in products in Canada between 2016 and 2019

Figure 3: comparison of mercury in products in Canada between 2016 and 2019
Long description for figure 3

A bar diagram compares the total quantities of mercury found in 4 groupings of exempted products in Canada for the years 2016 and 2019.

Product grouping Quantity of mercury in 2016
(kg)
Quantity of mercury in 2019
(kg)
Variation 2016-2019
Dental amalgam 632 485 -23%
Lamps 423 111 -73%
Measuring instruments and reference materials 15 35 126%
All others 33 22 -34%
Total 1104 655 -41%


Mercury-containing lamps continue to decline

In 2016, over 64 million lamps containing mercury were imported or manufactured in Canada. By 2019 this number shrank to 23 million, resulting in 64% less mercury-containing lamps in the market (figure 4). This decline is likely a reflection of the increased availability of light-emitting diode (LED) alternatives to mercury-containing lamps on the Canadian market.


Figure 4: number of lamps containing mercury in Canada in 2016 and 2019

Figure 4: number of lamps containing mercury in Canada in 2016 and 2019
Long description for figure 4

A bar diagram compares 4 categories of lamps containing mercury in Canada for the years 2016 and 2019.

Lamp type Number of lamps in 2016
(in millions)
Number of lamps in 2019
(in millions)
Variation 2016-2019
LFL 39 16 -57 %
CFL 15 4 -72 %
HID 4 1 -73 %
All others 7 1 -79 %
Total 64 23 -64 %


More importantly, the quantity of mercury found in all lamps exempted in Canada has also declined sharply by 73% during the same period (figure 5). This decline is seen across all types of lamps containing mercury. The most noteworthy reduction is for LFL for general lighting purposes, which went from accounting for 200 kg of mercury in 2016 to 50 kg in 2019, resulting in a 75% reduction.

Similarly, CFL for general lighting purposes have seen a 70% decline in the quantity of mercury used, decreasing from 29 kg in 2016 to 9 kg in 2019.

Canada reduced mercury contained in lamps by 73%

High intensity discharge lamps (HID) for general lighting purposes, which include mercury vapour lamps, high pressure sodium vapour lamps and metal halide lamps, also exhibited a major reduction. These lamps are used in stadiums, parking lots and street lighting, among other places. Mercury use in these lamps decreased from 101 kg in 2016 to 33 kg in 2019, which is equivalent to a 67% reduction. The exemption for mercury vapor lamps (Item 6 of the schedule of the Regulations) expired as of January 1, 2018. For detailed numbers on lamps, see Annex 3.


Figure 5: comparison of mercury in lamps in Canada between 2016 and 2019

Figure 5: comparison of mercury in lamps in Canada between 2016 and 2019
Long description for figure 5

A bar diagram compares quantities of mercury found in 4 categories of lamps exempted in Canada for the years 2016 and 2019.

Lamp type Quantity of mercury in 2016
(kg)
Quantity of mercury in 2019
(kg)
Change 2016-2019
LFL 200 50 -75 %
CFL 29 9 -70 %
HID 101 33 -67 %
All others 93 20 -79 %
Total 423 112 -73 %


Measuring instruments and other exempted products are declining

Between 2016 and 2019, there was an increase in the quantity of mercury used in measuring instruments, despite a decline in the number of products in this category that contain mercury. However, the category only currently accounts for 35 kg of mercury use, up from 15 kg in 2016, and hence the quantities remain low. Furthermore, this increase is likely due to the fact that ECCC has strengthened its efforts to reach more companies in this industry sector in the past few years, potentially resulting in larger number of companies reporting use quantities than before.

For all remaining exempted products, there has been a decline in the numbers that were imported and manufactured in Canada, resulting in a 34% decline in the quantity of mercury that they represent. This product grouping includes a dozen product categories, such as catalysts used in the manufacturing of polyurethane, medical devices and resins used in the aerospace industry.

Some essential products containing mercury are not used anymore

Finally, the analysis also reveals that the number of mercury-added product categories for which an exemption is required is diminishing. 14 product categories were not imported or manufactured in 2019, up from 8 in 2016. Consequently, Canada is also considering the removal of these exemption categories (See Annex 2).

14 products containing mercury were not reported in 2019

Conclusion

Using the most recent data on products containing mercury in Canada, this report demonstrated that there has been a notable decline in the reliance on exempted mercury-added products in Canada since the entry into force of the Regulations in 2015.

It is therefore reasonable to conclude that the Regulations are working towards meeting the objective of protecting human health and the environment by reducing releases of mercury from products used in Canada to the lowest level that is technically and economically feasible.

Canada will continue to work on reducing the risk that mercury in products poses to the environment and human health.

For more information on mercury-added products, or if you have any questions regarding this report, please contact the Products Division:

By email: produits-products@ec.gc.ca

Annex 1: methodology

For the years 2016 and 2019, manufacturers and importers of exempted and permitted products containing mercury were required to submit their reports electronically through the Regulations’ online reporting system hosted within the Single Window Information Management (SWIM). As prescribed in the Regulations, reports included:

In order to insure the reliability and accuracy of the results, the data extracted from the online reporting system was manually reviewed, follow-ups were conducted with organizations when necessary to verify their submissions, and automated calculations were manually verified.

The analysis addresses the types of commercial activity of the reporting organizations, the number of products containing mercury and the quantity of mercury contained in those products. Quantities in kilograms were rounded to the nearest whole number. When reviewing the information in this report, there are important limitations to consider regarding its scope:

The Government of Canada has an obligation to protect confidential business information. As a result, sensitive information such as names of submitters and their organizations or any information that could identify a submitter is excluded, and data submitted is aggregated. See Annex 4 for the aggregated data from the 2016 and 2019 reports.

Table A1: product categories aggregated into product groupings
Product grouping Item number(s) from the schedule of the Regulations
Dental amalgams 1
Lamps 2 to 14
Measuring instruments and reference material 16 to 26
Other 15, 27 to 33
Total 1 to 33

Annex 2: list of product categories not reported in 2019

The most recent data revealed that no import or manufacture was reported in 2019 for 14 product categories listed in the schedule of the Regulations. The results seem to suggest that these product categories might not be needed on the Canadian market anymore or might soon become unavailable. ECCC is considering removing them from the schedule of the Regulations.

Table A2: product categories listed in the Regulations not reported in 2019
Item Product category
5 Induction fluorescent lamp for general lighting purposes
10(b) Cold cathode fluorescent lamp measuring more than 1.5 m in length
11 External electrode fluorescent lamp
12 Cold cathode tubing for signage or cove lighting
13 Electrode for use in cold cathode tubing for signage or cove lighting
15 Very high accuracy capacitance and loss measurement bridges and high frequency RF switches and relays in monitoring and control instruments
20 Scientific instrument used as reference for clinical validation studies
21 Scientific instrument used for measuring the quantity of mercury in the environment
22 Radiation light detector
23 Infrared light detector
24 Low mercury chloride reference electrode
25 Low mercury sulphate reference electrode
28 Professional, commercial and industrial photographic paper
29 Composite resins and adhesive resins used in the aerospace industry
Annex 3: breakdown of mercury in lamps in Canada in 2016 and 2019
Item of the schedule Lamp category and grouping Lamp type Quantity of mercury in 2016
(kg)
Quantity of mercury in 2019
(kg)
Variations
2016-2019
2 Compact fluorescent lamp for general lighting purposes CFL 29.23 8.77 -70%
3 Straight fluorescent lamp for general lighting purposes LFL 199.81 50.34 -75%
4 Non-linear fluorescent lamp for general lighting purposes Non-linear 20.07 1.92 -90%
5 Induction fluorescent lamp for general lighting purposes Induction - - N/A
6 Mercury vapour lamp for general lighting purposes (Banned as of January 1, 2018) HID 1.50 - -100%
7 High pressure sodium vapour lamp for general lighting purposes HID 18.72 5.58 -70%
8 Metal halide lamp for general lighting purposes HID 80.74 27.54 -66%
- - HID total 100.97 33.12 -67%
9 Automobile headlamp Automobile 0.12 0.02 -83%
10 Cold cathode fluorescent lamp Electronic displays 1.65 < 0.00 -100%
11 External electrode fluorescent lamp Electronic displays < 0.00 - -100%
- - Electronics total 1.65 < 0.00 -100%
12 Cold cathode tubing for signage or cove lighting Neon 0.02 - -100%
13 Electrode for use in cold cathode tubing for signage or cove lighting Neon - - N/A
- - Neon total 0.02 - -100%
14 Fluorescent and discharge lamps other than those referred to in items 2 to 13 Miscellaneous 71.27 18.06 -75%
- - Lamps total 423.14 112.24 -73%

Annex 4: aggregated data from reporting years 2016 and 2019

Table 1: products containing mercury imported or manufactured in Canada in 2016
Item number Product category exempted under the schedule of the Regulations Number of products imported
(in million)
Number of products manufactured in Canada
(in million)
Total number of products
(in million)
Quantity of mercury in imported products
(kg)
Quantity of mercury in products manufactured in Canada
(kg)
Total quantity of mercury
(kg)
1 Dental amalgam 1.52 - 1.52 632.03 - 632.03
2 Compact fluorescent lamp for general lighting purposes 14.88 - 14.88 29.23 - 29.23
2(a) ≤ 25 watts 13.19 - 13.19 25.31 - 25.31
2(b) > 25 watts 1.69 - 1.69 3.92 - 3.92
3 Straight fluorescent lamp for general lighting purposes 17.68 20.93 38.61 71.96 127.85 199.81
3(a) T5, program start, with a normal lifetime (< 25 000 hours) 0.77 < 0.00 0.78 2.31 0.01 2.31
3(b) T8, 4-foot or less, instant and program start, medium bi-pin base, with a normal lifetime (< 25 000 hours) 4.53 < 0.00 4.53 15.24 0.01 15.25
3(c) T5, program start, with a long lifetime (≥ 25 000 hours) 1.77 - 1.77 4.80 - 4.80
3(d) T8, 4-foot or less, instant and program start, medium bi-pin base, with a long lifetime (≥ 25 000 hours) 6.54 - 6.54 22.94 - 22.94
3(e) T12, 4-foot or less, rapid start, medium bi-pin base 3.01 17.14 20.15 17.35 95.98 113.33
3(f) T12, 8-foot, instant start, single pin base 1.05 3.79 4.84 9.34 31.85 41.18
4 Non-linear fluorescent lamp for general lighting purposes, including a circular or square fluorescent lamp 0.22 4.10 4.32 1.20 18.87 20.07
5 Induction fluorescent lamp for general lighting purposes - - - - - -
6 Mercury vapour lamp for general lighting purposes 0.03 - 0.03 1.50 - 1.50
6(a) ≤ 250 watts 0.02 - 0.02 0.52 - 0.52
6(b) > 250 watts and ≤ 400 watts 0.01 - 0.01 0.33 - 0.33
6(c) > 400 watts and ≤ 1 000 watts < 0.00 - < 0.00 0.66 - 0.66
7 High pressure sodium vapour lamp for general lighting purposes 1.04 - 1.04 18.72 - 18.72
8 Metal halide lamp for general lighting purposes 2.99 - 2.99 80.74 - 80.74
8(a) ≤ 300 watts 2.22 - 2.22 26.26 - 26.26
8(b) > 300 watts and ≤ 500 watts 0.61 - 0.61 33.00 - 33.00
8(c) > 500 watts and ≤ 700 watts < 0.00 - < 0.00 0.10 - 0.10
8(d) > 700 watts and ≤ 1 000 watts 0.15 - 0.15 21.38 - 21.38
9 Automobile headlamp 0.07 - 0.07 0.12 - 0.12
10 Cold cathode fluorescent lamp 0.13 - 0.13 1.65 - 1.65
10(a) 1.5 m or less in length 0.13 - 0.13 1.65 - 1.65
10(b) more than 1.5 m in length - - - - - -
11 External electrode fluorescent lamp < 0.00 - < 0.00 < 0.00 - < 0.00
11(a) 1.5 m or less in length < 0.00 - < 0.00 < 0.00 - < 0.00
11(b) more than 1.5 m in length - - - - - -
12 Cold cathode tubing for signage or cove lighting - < 0.00 < 0.00 - 0.02 0.02
13 Electrode for use in cold cathode tubing for signage or cove lighting - - - - - -
14 Fluorescent and discharge lamps other than those referred to in items 2 to 13 2.35 < 0.00 2.35 71.27 < 0.00 71.27
15 Very high accuracy capacitance and loss measurement bridges and high frequency RF switches and relays in monitoring and control instruments - - - - - -
16 Thermometer for use in a laboratory for scientific research applications < 0.00 - < 0.00 0.50 - 0.50
17 Thermometer or other scientific instrument required to be used by an ASTM International standard < 0.00 - < 0.00 < 0.00 - < 0.00
18 Scientific instrument used for the calibration of medical devices or for the calibration of scientific research instruments < 0.00 < 0.00 < 0.00 < 0.00 < 0.00 < 0.00
19 Laboratory analytical standard or reference material 0.05 - 0.05 14.68 - 14.68
20 Scientific instrument used as reference for clinical validation studies - - - - - -
21 Scientific instrument used for measuring the quantity of mercury in the environment < 0.00 - < 0.00 < 0.00 - < 0.00
22 Radiation light detector - - - - - -
23 Infrared light detector 0.08 - 0.08 0.07 - 0.07
24 Low mercury chloride reference electrode < 0.00 - < 0.00 0.02 - 0.02
25 Low mercury sulphate reference electrode < 0.00 - < 0.00 < 0.00 - < 0.00
26 Low mercury oxide reference electrode < 0.00 - < 0.00 < 0.00 - < 0.00
27 Professional, commercial and industrial photographic film < 0.00 - < 0.00 < 0.00 - < 0.00
28 Professional, commercial and industrial photographic paper < 0.00 - < 0.00 < 0.00 - < 0.00
29 Composite resins and adhesive resins used in the aerospace industry < 0.00 - < 0.00 < 0.00 - < 0.00
30 Catalyst used in the manufacturing of polyurethane - 0.29 0.29 - 28.91 28.91
31 Button cell battery - - - - - -
32 Medical device that is intended to remain in the body for at least 30 consecutive days - - - - - -
33 In-vitro diagnostic assays and reagents < 0.00 - < 0.00 4.94 - 4.94
34 Replacement part (see note) if the product contained the part - - - - - -
34(a) before the coming into force of these Regulations; or - - - - - -
34(b) at the time of its manufacture or import, if that manufacture or import was permitted under these Regulations - - - - - -
Total All products 41.04 25.33 66.36 928.65 175.65 1 104.30
Table 2: products containing mercury imported or manufactured in Canada in 2019
Item number Product category exempted under the schedule of the Regulations Number of products imported
(in million)
Number of products manufactured in Canada
(in million)
Total number of products
(in million)
Quantity of mercury in imported products
(kg)
Quantity of mercury in products manufactured in Canada
(kg)
Total quantity of mercury
(kg)
1 Dental amalgam 1.14 - 1.14 485.27 - 485.27
2 Compact fluorescent lamp for general lighting purposes 3.99 0.13 4.11 8.44 0.34 8.77
2(a) ≤ 25 watts 3.07 < 0.00 3.07 6.09 0.01 6.10
2(b) > 25 watts 0.92 0.12 1.04 2.34 0.33 2.67
3 Straight fluorescent lamp for general lighting purposes 16.45 - 16.45 50.34 - 50.34
3(a) T5, program start, with a normal lifetime (< 25 000 hours) 0.25 - 0.25 0.64 - 0.64
3(b) T8, 4-foot or less, instant and program start, medium bi-pin base, with a normal lifetime (< 25 000 hours) 5.16 - 5.16 11.41 - 11.41
3(c) T5, program start, with a long lifetime (≥ 25 000 hours) 1.35 - 1.35 2.80 - 2.80
3(d) T8, 4-foot or less, instant and program start. medium bi-pin base, with a long lifetime (≥ 25 000 hours) 5.03 - 5.03 11.54 - 11.54
3(e) T12, 4-foot or less, rapid start, medium bi-pin base 3.73 - 3.73 17.34 - 17.34
3(f) T12, 8-foot, instant start, single pin base 0.94 - 0.94 6.61 - 6.61
4 Non-linear fluorescent lamp for general lighting purposes, including a circular or square fluorescent lamp 0.30 - 0.30 1.92 - 1.92
5 Induction fluorescent lamp for general lighting purposes - - - - - -
6 Mercury vapour lamp for general lighting purposes - - - - - -
6(a) ≤ 250 watts - - - - - -
6(b) > 250 watts and ≤ 400 watts - - - - - -
6(c) > 400 watts and ≤ 1 000 watts - - - - - -
7 High pressure sodium vapour lamp for general lighting purposes 0.46 - 0.46 5.58 - 5.58
8 Metal halide lamp for general lighting purposes 0.64 - 0.64 27.54 - 27.54
8(a) ≤ 300 watts 0.39 - 0.39 7.45 - 7.45
8(b) > 300 watts and ≤ 500 watts 0.18 - 0.18 9.60 - 9.60
8(c) > 500 watts and ≤ 700 watts < 0.00 - < 0.00 < 0.00 - < 0.00
8(d) > 700 watts and ≤ 1000 watts 0.07 - 0.07 10.50 - 10.50
9 Automobile headlamp 0.01 - 0.01 0.02 - 0.02
10 Cold cathode fluorescent lamp < 0.00 - < 0.00 < 0.00 - < 0.00
10(a) 1.5 m or less in length < 0.00 - < 0.00 < 0.00 - < 0.00
10(b) more than 1.5 m in length - - - - - -
11 External electrode fluorescent lamp - - - - - -
11(a) 1.5 m or less in length - - - - - -
11(b) more than 1.5 m in length - - - - - -
12 Cold cathode tubing for signage or cove lighting - - - - - -
13 Electrode for use in cold cathode tubing for signage or cove lighting - - - - - -
14 Fluorescent and discharge lamps other than those referred to in items 2 to 13 1.16 < 0.00 1.16 18.06 < 0.00 18.06
15 Very high accuracy capacitance and loss measurement bridges and high frequency RF switches and relays in monitoring and control instruments - - - - - -
16 Thermometer for use in a laboratory for scientific research applications < 0.00 - < 0.00 0.02 - 0.02
17 Thermometer or other scientific instrument required to be used by an ASTM International standard < 0.00 - < 0.00 0.19 - 0.19
18 Scientific instrument used for the calibration of medical devices or for the calibration of scientific research instruments < 0.00 - < 0.00 0.01 - 0.01
19 Laboratory analytical standard or reference material < 0.00 - < 0.00 34.15 - 34.15
20 Scientific instrument used as reference for clinical validation studies - - - - - -
21 Scientific instrument used for measuring the quantity of mercury in the environment < 0.00 - < 0.00 < 0.00 - < 0.00
22 Radiation light detector - - - - - -
23 Infrared light detector - - - - - -
24 Low mercury chloride reference electrode - - - - - -
25 Low mercury sulphate reference electrode - - - - - -
26 Low mercury oxide reference electrode < 0.00 < 0.00 < 0.00 < 0.00 0.22 0.22
27 Professional, commercial and industrial photographic film < 0.00 - < 0.00 < 0.00 - < 0.00
28 Professional, commercial and industrial photographic paper - - - - - -
29 Composite resins and adhesive resins used in the aerospace industry - - - - - -
30 Catalyst used in the manufacturing of polyurethane - 0.24 0.24 - 22.37 22.37
31 Button cell battery - - - - - -
32 Medical device that is intended to remain in the body for at least 30 consecutive days - - - - - -
33 In-vitro diagnostic assays and reagents - < 0.00 < 0.00 - 0.09 0.09
34 Replacement part (see note) if the product contained the part - - - - - -
34(a) before the coming into force of these Regulations; or - - - - - -
34(b) at the time of its manufacture or import, if that manufacture or import was permitted under these Regulations - - - - - -
Total All products 24.15 0.37 24.52 631.54 23.02 654.56

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