Ecological State of the Science Report on Decabromodiphenyl Ether (decaBDE): appendix B
Appendix B: Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification and Trophic Magnification Data
| Species, Food Web or Predator: Prey | Eco- system |
Study Type | Tissue | Location | Endpoint | Result | Statistic | Refe- rence |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pelagic food web (zooplankton, whitefish, white sucker, emerald shiner, goldeye, burbot, walleye) (Calanoid sp., Coregonus clupeaformis, Catostomus commersoni, Notropis atherinoides, Hiodon alosoides, Lota lota, Stizostedion vitreum) |
Aquatic | Field | Whole body | Lake Win- nipeg |
TMF (lipid norma- lized) |
3.6 | Regres- sion slope |
Law et al. 2006 | Statistically significant slope (P < .001) |
| Fish: fish | Aquatic | Field | Whole body | Lake Win- nipeg |
BMFs (lipid norma- lized) |
0.1-6.8 | Range | Law et al. 2006 | Generally superseded by TMF from the same system but still useful supporting info |
| Fish: invertebrates | Aquatic | Field | Whole body | Lake Win- nipeg |
BMFs (lipid norma- lized) |
0.2-34 | Range | Law et al. 2006 | Generally superseded by TMF from the same system but still useful supporting info |
| Pelagic food web (zooplankton, sprat, herring, salmon) (Sprattus sprattus, Clupea harengus, Salmo salar) |
Aquatic | Field | Whole body | Baltic Sea | TMF (lipid norma- lized) |
~0.6 (not signi- ficantly different from 0) |
Regres- sion slope |
Burreau et al. 2006 | Lowest trophic level (zooplankton) had much higher concen- trations than fish; the feeding relation- ships were not described |
| Pelagic food web (roach, perch, pike) (Rutilus rutilus, Perca fluviatilis, Esox lucius) |
Aquatic | Field | Whole body | Baltic Sea | TMF (lipid norma- lized) |
~0.80 (not signi- ficantly different from 0) |
Regres- sion slope |
Burreau et al. 2004 | Lowest trophic level (zooplankton) had much higher concen- trations than fish; the feeding relation- ships were not described |
| Fish: fish | Aquatic | Field | Whole body | Baltic Sea | BMFs (lipid norma- lized) |
0.02-1.3 | Range | Burreau et al. 2004 | |
| Fish: zooplankton | Aquatic | Field | Whole body | Baltic Sea | BMFs (lipid norma- lized) |
0.04-0.11 | Range | Burreau et al. 2006 | Unclear if fish feed on sampled zooplankton |
| Fish: fish | Aquatic | Field | Whole body | Baltic Sea | BMFs (lipid norma- lized) |
1.71-5 | Range | Burreau et al. 2006 | |
| Juvenile Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush |
Aquatic | Lab | Whole body | na | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.3 | Mean | Tomy et al. 2004 | It is unlikely that steady state was reached during the experiment and the BMF was estimated using the kinetic method |
| Carp Cyprinus carpio |
Aquatic | Lab | Whole body | n/a | BCF (wet weight) | < 3 000 | MITI 1992 | Tissue MDL divided by water solubility, high uncertainty | |
| Rainbow trout Salvelinus namaycush |
Aquatic | Lab | Carcass | n/a | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.022 | Range | Sta- pleton et al. 2006 |
decaBDE only |
| Rainbow trout Salvelinus namaycush |
Aquatic | Lab | Carcass | n/a | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.089 | Mean | Sta- pleton et al. 2006 |
decaBDE + BDE metabolites |
| Rainbow trout Salvelinus namaycush | Aquatic | Lab | Serum | n/a | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.35 | Mean | Sta- pleton et al. 2006 |
decaBDE only |
| Rainbow trout Salvelinus namaycush |
Aquatic | Lab | Serum | n/a | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.52 | Mean | Sta- pleton et al. 2006 |
decaBDE + BDE metabolites |
| Rainbow trout Salvelinus namaycush |
Aquatic | Lab | Liver | n/a | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
1.28 | Mean | Sta- pleton et al. 2006 |
decaBDE only |
| Rainbow trout Salvelinus namaycush |
Aquatic | Lab | Liver | n/a | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
1.73 | Mean | Sta- pleton et al. 2006 |
decaBDE + BDE metabolites |
| Polar cod:ice ampipod Boreogadus saida: Gammarus wilkitzkii |
Marine | Field | Whole body | Svalbard, Norway | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.03 | Mean | SØrmo et al. 2005 | |
| Grey seals Halichoerus grypus |
Marine mammal | Captive | Blood | North Sea | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
8.3-20.8 | Range | Thomas et al. 2005 | |
| Grey seals Halichoerus grypus |
Marine mammal | Captive | Blubber | North Sea | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.025-0.063 | Range | Thomas et al. 2005 | Based on day 30 concentration |
| Grey seals Halichoerus grypus |
Marine mammal | Captive | Blubber | North Sea | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.044-0.11 | Range | Thomas et al. 2005 | Based on day 83 concen- tration (unlikely to represent steady-state conditions) |
| Grizzly bear Ursus arctos horribilis |
Terres- trial |
Field | Fat and muscle | Coastal and interior British Colum- bia |
Bioaccu- mulation slope |
negative (not signi- ficantly different from 0) |
Regres- sion slope |
Chris- tensen et al. 2005 |
A positive bioaccu- mulation slope would provide evidence of biomagni- fication or trophic magnification |
| Earthworm Phylum annelida |
Terres- trial |
Lab | Whole body | Soil BSAF(lipid and OC norma- lized) |
0.044-0.73 (0.3) | Range (mean) | Sell- strom et al. 2005 |
||
| Rat | Terres- trial |
Lab | Whole body | n/a | BMF (wet weight) | 0.05 | Mean | Huwe and Smith 2007a, b | |
| Cow | Terres- trial |
Lab | Adipose tissue | n/a | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.037 | Mean | Kierke gaard et al. 2007 |
Based on mean silage concentration |
| Cow | Terres- trial |
Lab | Adipose tissue | n/a | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.31 | Mean | Kierke gaard et al. 2007 |
Based on silage concen- tration at end of experiment |
| Cow | Terres- trial |
Lab | Whole body | n/a | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.026 | Mean | Kierke gaard et al. 2007 |
Based on mean silage concen- tration |
| Cow | Terres- trial |
Lab | Whole body | n/a | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.21 | Mean | Kierke gaard et al. 2007 |
Based on silage concen- tration at end of experiment |
| Sunfish Lepomis gibbosus |
Aquatic | Field | Whole body | Marlowe Ck., Roxboro, NC | BSAF (lipid and OC norma- lized) |
0.0018 | Mean | La Guardia et al. 2007 | |
| Crayfish Campbarus punctic ambarus sp. C |
Aquatic | Field | Whole body | Marlowe Ck., Roxboro, NC | BSAF (lipid and OC norma- lized) |
0.013 | Mean | La Guardia et al. 2007 | |
| Various (see comments) | Aquatic | Field | Whole body | Pearl River Delta, China | BSAF (lipid and OC norma- lized) |
0 - 0.4 | Range | Xiang et al. 2007 | Large yellow croaker (omnivore), silvery pomfret (omnivore), flathead fish (benthivore), robust tonguefish (benthivore), Bombay duck (piscivore), jinga shrimp (benthic invertebrate), greasy-back shrimp (benthic invertebrate), mantis shrimp (benthic invertebrate) |
| Fish (see comments) | Aquatic | Field | Whole body | River Vero, Spain | BSAF (lipid and OC norma- lized) |
0.0011 to 0.0013 | Range | Eljarrat et al. 2007 | Barbell and carp |
| Aquatic oligochaete | Aquatic | Lab | Whole body | n/a | Accu- mulation |
Minimal | Ciparis and Hale 2005 | ||
| Horse mussel Modiolus modiolus |
Aquatic | Field | Whole body | Van- couver Island, Canada |
Sediment BSAF (lipid and organic carbon norma- lized) |
0-3.53 | Range | DeBruyn et al. 2009 | |
| Marine mammal: fish | Marine | Field | Blubber and whole fish | North Atlantic, coast of Maine, USA | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.67-1.3 | Range (ratio of predator tissue concen- tration to prey tissue concen- tration) |
Shaw et al. 2009 | Harbour seal (blubber): American plaice (whole body); Harbour seal (blubber): Atlantic mackerel (whole body); Harbour seal (blubber): White hake (whole body) |
| Marine food web: beluga whale, narwhal, walrus, arctic cod, shrimp, clams, deepwater redfish, mixed zooplankton Delphinapterus leucas, Monodon monoceros, Odobenus rosmarus, Boreogadus saida, Pandalus borealis, Hymenodara glacialis, Mya truncata, and Serripes groenlandica, Sebastes mentella) |
Marine | Field | Blubber and whole organism | Eastern Canadian Arctic | TMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.3 (statis- tically signi- ficant negative slope) |
Regres- sion slope |
Tomy et al. 2008 | Tissues sampled: blubber-- beluga whale, narwhal and walrus; whole organism-- arctic cod, shrimp, clams, deepwater redfish, and mixed zooplankton |
| Marine mammal: fish | Marine | Field | Blubber and whole organism | Eastern Canadian Arctic | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
<1 | Range (trophic level adjusted ratio of predator tissue concen- tration to prey tissue concen- tration) |
Tomy et al. 2008 | Beluga (blubber): cod (whole body); Beluga (blubber): redfish (whole body) |
| Fish: invertebrate | Marine | Field | Blubber and whole organism | Eastern Canadian Arctic | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
<1 | Trophic level adjusted ratio of predator tissue concen- tration to prey tissue concen- tration |
Tomy et al. 2008 | Cod (whole body): zooplankton (whole body) |
| Marine food web: beluga whale, ringed seal, arctic cod, Pacific herring, Arctic cisco, pelagic amphipod, and arctic copepod (Delphinapterus leucas, Phoca hispida, Boreogadus saida, Clupea pallasi, Coregonus autumnalis, Thermisto libelluala, Calanus hyperboreus) | Marine | Field | Blubber, liver, and whole organism | Western Canadian Arctic | TMF (lipid norma- lized) |
Not statis- tically signi- ficant |
Regres- sion slope |
Tomy et al. 2009 | Tissues sampled: blubber-- Beluga whale, ringed seal; liver-- arctic cod, Pacific herring, Arctic cisco; whole organism-- pelagic amphipod, and arctic copepod |
| Marine mammal: fish | Marine | Field | Blubber and liver | Western Canadian Arctic | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.3-0.9 | Range (trophic level adjusted ratio of predator tissue concen- tration to prey tissue concen- tration) |
Tomy et al. 2009 | Beluga whale (blubber): cod (liver); ringed seal (blubber): herring (liver); Beluga whale (blubber): Arctic cisco (liver) |
| Fish: invertebrate | Marine | Field | Liver and whole body | Western Canadian Arctic | BMF (lipid norma- lized) |
4.8-12.7 | Range (trophic level adjusted ratio of predator tissue concen- tration to prey tissue concen- tration) |
Tomy et al. 2009 | cod (liver): calanus (whole body); cod (liver): thermisto (whole body) |
| Freshwater food web: water snake, northern snakehead, mud carp, common carp, crucian carp, prawn, and Chinese mysterysnail (Enhydris chinensis, Channa argus, Cirrhinus molitorella, Cyprins carpio, Carassius auratus, Macro- brachium nipponense, Cipango- paludina chinensi) |
Aquatic | Field | Whole body | Reservoir near Qinyuan City, South China | TMF (lipid norma- lized) |
0.26 (negative slope, p=0.53) | Regres- sion slope |
Wu et al. 2009 | Authors interpret result as statistically significant |