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Population Status of Migratory Game Birds in Canada 2012: appendix B figures

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Appendix B - Figures

Figure 1. Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area in Eastern Canada
(Source: C. Lepage and M. Melançon, CWS, Quebec region)
Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area in Eastern Canada
Long description for Figure 1

Figure 1 provides a visual representation of the Waterfowl Survey Area in eastern Canada. The survey is subdivided into four strata that cover parts of the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Ontario.

Figure 2. American Black Ducks in the Atlantic and Mississippi Flyways in Mid-winter
Survey results in the Atlantic Flyway for 2001 and in the Mississippi Flyway for 1993 and 1998 were incomplete in some states.
(Source: Klimstra and Padding 2012)
American Black Ducks in the Atlantic and Mississippi Flyways
Long description for Figure 2

Figure 2 provides a visual representation of the numbers of Black ducks counted in mid-winter between 1954 and 2012 in the Atlantic Flyway, Mississippi Flyway and the two flyways combined.

Figure 3. American Black Ducks in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
Population Estimate and 90% credible intervals. The figures represent the combined results of helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft surveys.
American Black Ducks in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
Long description for Figure 3

Figure 3 provides a visual representation of the population estimates of Black ducks between 1989 et 2012 for the Atlantic Highlands region, Eastern Boreal Shield region, Central Boreal Shield region, Western Boreal Shield region in Canada and the entire survey area.

Figure 4a. Mallards in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
Population Estimate and 90% credible intervals. The figures represent the combined results of helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft surveys.
Mallards in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
Long description for Figure 4a

Figure 4a provides a visual representation of the population estimates of Mallards between 1989 et 2012 for the Atlantic Highlands region, Eastern Boreal Shield region, Central Boreal Shield region, Western Boreal Shield region in Canada and the entire survey area.

Figure 4b. American Green-winged Teal in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
Population Estimate and 90% credible intervals. The figures represent the combined results of helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft surveys.
American Green-winged Teal in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
Long description for Figure 4b

Figure 4b provides a visual representation of the population estimates of American Green-winged Teals between 1989 et 2012 for the Atlantic Highlands region, Eastern Boreal Shield region, Central Boreal Shield region, Western Boreal Shield region in Canada and the entire survey area.

Figure 4c. Ring-necked Ducks in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
Population Estimate and 90% credible intervals. The figures represent the combined results of helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft surveys.
Figure 4c. Ring-necked Ducks in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
Long description for Figure 4c

Figure 4c provides a visual representation of the population estimates of Ring-necked Ducks between 1989 et 2012 for the Atlantic Highlands region, Eastern Boreal Shield region, Central Boreal Shield region, Western Boreal Shield region in Canada and the entire survey area.

Figure 5a. Estimated Breeding Pairs (±1 SE) of Dabbling Duck Species in Southern Ontario, based on Ground Survey Plots, 1971-2012
(Source: S. Meyer, CWS, Ontario Region)
Estimated Breeding Pairs (±1 SE) of Dabbling Duck Species in Southern Ontario
Long description for Figure 5a

Figure 5a provides a visual representation of the population estimates of Black Ducks, Green-winged Teals, Blue-winged Teals, Mallards and Wood Ducks between 1971 and 2012 in Southern Ontario.

Figure 5b. Estimated Breeding Pairs (±1 SE) of Diving Duck Species in Southern Ontario, based on Ground Plots, 1971-2012
(Source: S. Meyer, CWS, Ontario Region)
Estimated Breeding Pairs (±1 SE) of Diving Duck Species in Southern Ontario
Long description for Figure 5b

Figure 5b provides a visual representation of the population estimates of Hooded Mergansers, Common Mergansers and Ring-necked Ducks between 1971 et 2012 in southern Ontario.

Figure 6. Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey of Western Canada: Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada and the United States
(Source: U.S. Department of the Interior and Environment Canada)
Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey of Western Canada
Long description for Figure 6

Figure 6 provides a visual representation of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey area of Western Canada and the United States.

  1. Strata 1-11 Alaska
  2. Strata 12-25, 50, 75-77 Western Boreal Canada
  3. Strata 26-40 Canadian Prairies
  4. Strata 41-49 U.S. Prairies
Figure 7. May Ponds in the Canadian and U.S. Prairies
Estimated number of ponds ± 1 SE.
May Ponds in the Canadian and U.S. Prairies
Long description for Figure 7

Figure 7 provides a visual representation of the numbers of ponds observed in May between 1961 and 2012 in the Canadian and United states prairies.

Figure 8. Mallard Breeding Population in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are population estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Mallard Breeding Population in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Long description for Figure 8

Figure 8 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Mallards between 1961 and 2012 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.

Figure 9. Northern Pintail Breeding Population in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are population estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Northern Pintail Breeding Population in the Traditional Survey Area
Long description for Figure 9

Figure 9 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Northern Pintails between 1961 and 2012 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.

Figure 10. Blue-winged Teal Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are population estimates (± 1 SE).The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Blue-winged Teal Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey
Long description for Figure 10

Figure 10 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Blue-winged Teals between 1961 and 2012 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.

Figure 11. Gadwall Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Gadwall Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population
Long description for Figure 11

Figure 11 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Gadwalls between 1961 and 2012 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.

Figure 12. Green-winged Teal Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Green-winged Teal Breeding Populations
Long description for Figure 12

Figure 12 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Green-winged Teals between 1961 and 2012 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.

Figure 13. American Wigeon Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
American Wigeon Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area
Long description for Figure 13

Figure 13 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of American Wigeons between 1961 and 2012 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.

Figure 14. Northern Shoveler Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Northern Shoveler Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area
Long description for Figure 14

Figure 14 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Northern Shovelers between 1961 and 2012 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.

Figure 15. Scaup spp. Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Scaup spp. Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area
Long description for Figure 15

Figure 15 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Scaup between 1961 and 2012 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.

Figure 16. Canvasback Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of theWaterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are population estimates (± 1SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Canvasback Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population
Long description for Figure 16

Figure 16 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Canvasbacks between 1961 and 2012 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.

Figure 17. Redhead Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Redhead Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population
Long description for Figure 17

Figure 17 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Redheads between 1961 and 2012 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.

Figure 18. Ring-necked Duck Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Ring-necked Duck Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area
Long description for Figure 18

Figure 18 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Ring-necked Ducks between 1961 and 2012 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.

Figure 19. Ruddy Duck Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Ruddy Duck Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area.
Long description for Figure 19

Figure 19 provides a visual representation of the estimated breeding populations of Ruddy Ducks between 1961 and 2012 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.

Figure 20. Breeding Pair Index for Dabbling Ducks in Southern Yukon 1991-2012
(Source: J. Hawkings, CWS, Pacific and Yukon Region)
Breeding Pair Index for Dabbling Ducks in Southern Yukon 1991-2012
Long description for Figure 20

Figure 20 provides a visual representation of the breeding pair indices of Mallards, Green-winged Teals, American Wigeon, Gadwall, Northern pintail and Northern Shoveler between 1991 and 2012 in southern Yukon

Figure 21. 2010 Breeding Distribution of Trumpeter Swan Populations in North America, Showing Individual Maps Sampled in Western Canada as Part of the 2010 North American Trumpeter Swan Survey
(Source: Groves 2012 USFWS)
2010 Breeding Distribution of Trumpeter Swan Populations in North America
Long description for Figure 21

Figure 21 provides a visual representation of the 2010 breeding distribution of Trumpeter Swan populations in North America.

Figure 22. Bufflehead, Surf Scoter, Common Goldeneye, Common Merganser, Hooded Merganser and Redbreasted Merganser in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
The figures represent results from the helicopter surveys only (estimate and SE).
Bufflehead, Surf Scoter, Common Goldeneye, Common Merganser, Hooded Merganser and Redbreasted Merganser
Long description for Figure 22

Figure 22 provides a visual representation of the population estimates of Buffleheads, Surf Scoters, Common Goldeneyes, Common Mergansers, Hooded Mergansers and Red-breasted Mergansers in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey area between 1990 and 2012

Figure 23. Scoter spp. Breeding Population Estimates in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are population estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Scoter spp. Breeding Population Estimates in the Traditional Survey Area
Long description for Figure 23

Figure 23 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of scoters in the Traditional Survey Area of western Canada between 1955 and 2012.

Figure 24. Breeding Pair Index for Diving Ducks, Sea Ducks and Trumpeter Swan in Southern Yukon 1991-2012
(Source: J. Hawkings, CWS, Pacific and Yukon Region)
Breeding Pair Index for Diving Ducks, Sea Ducks and Trumpeter Swan in Southern Yukon 1991-2012
Long description for Figure 24

Figure 24 provides a visual representation of the breeding pair indices of Barrow's Goldeneyes, Scaup, ring-necked Duck, Buffleheads and Trumpeter Swan between 1991 and 2012 in southern Yukon

Figure 25. Greater Snow Goose Spring Population Estimates (95% CI)
in the St. Lawrence River Valley
The horizontal lines represent the target range for the population.
(Source: Lefebvre 2012)
Greater Snow Goose Spring Population Estimates (95% CI))
Long description for Figure 25

Figure 25 provides a visual representation of the spring population estimates of the Greater Snow Goose in the St. Lawrence River Valley from 1965 to 2012.

Figure 26. Harvest of Greater Snow Geese
Numbers include geese harvested during special conservation measures initiated in spring 1999 in Canada and 2009 in the United States.
(Source: Smith and Gendron 2012; and Raftovich et al. 2012)
Harvest of Greater Snow Geese
Long description for Figure 26

Figure 26 provides a visual representation of the harvest estimates of Greater Snow Geese between 1975 and 2012 in Canada and the United States.

Figure 27. Mid-continent Lesser Snow Geese Populations in Mid-winter
Counts include some Ross' Geese. (Source: Fronczak 2012)
Mid-continent Lesser Snow Geese Populations in Mid-winter
Long description for Figure 27

Figure 27 provides a visual representation of the mid-winter counts of the Mid-continent populations of Lesser Snow Geese in the Central Flyway, the Mississippi Flyway and the two flyways combined between 1970 and 2012.

Figure 28. Number of Nesting Lesser Snow Geese Estimated Through Photo-inventories of Major Breeding Colonies in Canada
Number of Nesting Lesser Snow Geese Estimated Through Photo-inventories of Major Breeding Colonies in Canada
Long description for Figure 28

Figure 28 provides a visual representation of the numbers of nesting Lesser Snow Geese estimated through photo-inventories of major breeding colonies in Canada from the 1970s to 2000s.

Figure 29. Lesser Snow Geese Harvest Estimates for the Wrangel Island Population
Estimates include a +20% adjustment for cripple loss.
(Source: A. Breault, CWS, Pacific and Yukon Region).
Lesser Snow Geese Harvest Estimates for the Wrangel Island Population
Long description for Figure 29

Figure 29 provides a visual representation of the harvest estimates for the Wrangel Island Population of Lesser Snow Geese from 1990 to 2012

Figure 30. Greater White-fronted Geese of the Mid-Continent
Fall survey on staging areas in Saskatchewan and Alberta (K. Warner, CWS, Prairie and Northern region). The solid line represents actual counts, and the dashed line represents the running three-year mean.
Greater White-fronted Geese of the Mid-Continent
Long description for Figure 30

Figure 30 provides a visual representation of the fall counts of the Mid-continent Greater White-fronted Goose from 1992 to 2012.

Figure 31a. Canada Goose Populations in North America: NAP, AP, MVP and SJBP
Canada Goose Populations in North America: NAP, AP, MVP and SJBP
Long description for Figure 31a

Figures 31a to 31c present the distribution of Canada Goose and Cackling Goose Populations in North America. There are 13 populations of Canada Geese, one population of Cackling Geese and one mixed population of Canada and Cackling Geese.

Figure 31b. Canada Goose Populations in North America: AFRP, MFRP, EPP,GPP and WPP. Cackling Goose Population: TGPP
Canada Goose Populations in North America: AFRP, MFRP, EPP,GPP and WPP. Cackling Goose Population: TGPP
Long description for Figure 31b

Figures 31a to 31c present the distribution of Canada Goose and Cackling Goose Populations in North America. There are 13 populations of Canada Geese, one population of Cackling Geese and one mixed population of Canada and Cackling Geese.

Figure 31c. Canada Goose Populations in North America: HLP, RMP, PP and LP.Mixed Cackling / Canada Goose Population: SGPP.
Canada Goose Populations in North America: HLP, RMP, PP and LP.Mixed Cackling / Canada Goose Population: SGPP.
Long description for Figure 31c

Figures 31a to 31c present the distribution of Canada Goose and Cackling Goose Populations in North America. There are 13 populations of Canada Geese, one population of Cackling Geese and one mixed population of Canada and Cackling Geese.

Figure 32. Breeding Pairs of the North Atlantic Population Canada Geese in Stratum 2 of the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area (see Figure 1)
(Breeding pairs (±1 ET), Source: Adam Smith, CWS, National Capital Region)
Breeding Pairs of the North Atlantic Population Canada Geese in Stratum 2 of the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
Long description for Figure

Figure 32 provides a visual representation of the estimated numbers of breeding pairs for the North Atlantic Population of Canada Geese in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area from 1990 to 2012.

Figure 33. Breeding Pairs of the Atlantic Population Canada Geese in the Ungava Peninsula of northern Quebec
Breeding pairs ± 1SE. No surveys were conducted from 1989-1992.
(Source: Harvey and Rodrigue 2012)
Breeding Pairs of the Atlantic Population Canada Geese in the Ungava Peninsula of northern Quebec
Long description for Figure 33

Figure 33 provides a visual representation of the estimated numbers of breeding pairs for the Atlantic Population of Canada Geese in the Ungava Peninsula of northern Quebec from 1988 to 2012.

Figure 34. Estimated Breeding Pairs of Temperate-breeding Canada Geese (±1 SE) in Southern Ontario Population, 1971-2012
(Source: S. Meyer, CWS, Ontario Region)
Estimated Breeding Pairs of Temperate-breeding Canada Geese (±1 SE) in Southern Ontario Population, 1971-2012
Long description for Figure 34

Figure 34 provides a visual representation of the estimated numbers of breeding pairs for the Southern Ontario Population of Temperate-breeding Canada Geese from 1971 to 2012.

Figure 35. Southern James Bay Population Canada Geese Spring Estimates
(± 95% CI)
Changes in the survey design made the population estimates since 2007 not directly comparable to those of previous years (Source: Brook and Hughes 2012a).
Southern James Bay Population Canada Geese Spring Estimates
Long description for Figure 35

Figure 35 provides a visual representation of the estimated spring population for the Southern James Bay Population of Canada Geese from 1990 to 2012.

Figure 36. Mississippi Valley Population Canada Geese Spring Estimates
(± 95% CI)
(Source: Brook and Hughes 2012b)
Mississippi Valley Population Canada Geese Spring Estimates)
Long description for Figure 36

Figure 36 provides a visual representation of the estimated spring population for the Mississippi Valley Population of Canada Geese from 1989 to 2012.

Figure 37. Eastern Prairie Population Canada Geese Spring Estimates
(± 95% CI)
No survey was conducted in 1980. (Source: D. Fronczak 2012)
Eastern Prairie Population Canada Geese Spring Estimates
Long description for Figure 37

Figure 37 provides a visual representation of the estimated spring population for the Eastern Prairie Population of Canada Geese from 1972 to 2012.

Figure 38. Mid-winter Inventory of Atlantic Brant in the Atlantic Flyway
(Source: Klimstra and Padding, 2012)
Mid-winter Inventory of Atlantic Brant in the Atlantic Flyway
Long description for Figure 38

Figure 38 provides a visual representation of the mid-winter counts of Atlantic Brant in the Atlantic Flyway between 1961 and 2012.

Figure 39. Mid-winter Inventory of Black and Western High Arctic Brant
Note that beginning in 1986 Black Brant numbers include counts along the Alaska coast. No surveys in 2009, 2011 and 2012. (Source: Olson and Trost 2012)
Mid-winter Inventory of Black and Western High Arctic Brant
Long description for Figure 39

Figure 39 provides a visual representation of the mid-winter counts of Black Brant and Western High Arctic Brant between 1961 and 2012. There is no data for Black Brant in 2009.

Figure 40. American Woodcock Breeding Population Indices
Indices (singing males per route) from the Singing-ground Survey.
(Source: Cooper and Rau 2012)
American Woodcock Breeding Population Indices
Long description for Figure 40

Figure 40 provides a visual representation of the breeding population indices of American Woodcocks from 1968 to 2012.

Figure 41. American Woodcock Harvest in Canada and the United States
The USFWS results from 1999 onward are not directly comparable to those prior to 1999. (Source: Gendron and Smith 2012; Cooper and Rau 2012)
American Woodcock Harvest in Canada and the United States
Long description for Figure 41

Figure 41 provides a visual representation of the harvest estimates of American Woodcocks in Canada and the United States between 1974 and 2011.

Figure 42. Wilson's Snipe Harvest Estimates in Canada and the United States
The USFWS results from 1999 onward are not directly comparable to those prior to 1999. (Source: Gendron and Smith 2012; and Raftovich et al. 2012)
Wilson's Snipe Harvest Estimates in Canada and the United States
Long description for Figure _fig42

Figure 42 provides a visual representation of the harvest estimates of Wilson's Snipes in Canada and the United States between 1974 and 2011.

Figure 43. Mid-continent Population Sandhill Crane Spring Indices
Note: the 2012 value is for the Central Platte River Valley only, and is uncorrected for visibility bias. (Source: Kruse et al. 2012)
Mid-continent Population Sandhill Crane Spring Indices
Long description for Figure 43

Figure 43 provides a visual representation of the spring population indices for the Mid-continent Population of Sandhill Cranes between 1982 and 2012.

Figure 44. Harvest Estimates of Sandhill Cranes in Canada and the United States
Canadian harvest estimates ±1 SE (Gendron and Smith 2012), and U.S. harvest estimates (Kruse et al. 2012). The USFWS results for years prior to 1999 are not directly comparable to those from 1999 onward.
Harvest Estimates of Sandhill Cranes in Canada and the United States
Long description for Figure 44

Figure 44 provides a visual representation of the harvest estimates of Sandhill Cranes in Canada and the United States between 1974 and 2011.

Figure 45. American Coot Breeding Population in the Canadian Prairies (± 1 SE) from the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
American Coot Breeding Population in the Canadian Prairies (± 1 SE) from the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Long description for Figure 45

Figure 45 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of American Coots in the Canadian Prairies between 1961 and 2012.

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2017-09-10