Population Status of Migratory Game Birds in Canada 2013: appendix B figures
Appendix B - Figures
Source Document: Population Status of Migratory Game Birds in Canada - November 2013
Figure 1. Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area in Eastern Canada
(Source: C. Lepage and M. Melançon, Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS), Quebec region)
Long Description for Figure 1
Figure 1 provides a visual representation of the Waterfowl Survey Area in eastern Canada. The survey is subdivided into four strata that cover parts of the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Ontario.
Figure 2. American Black Ducks in the Atlantic and Mississippi Flyways in mid-winter
Survey results in the Atlantic Flyway for 2001 and in the Mississippi Flyway for 1993 and 1998 were incomplete in some states.
(Source: Klimstra and Padding 2013)
Long Description for Figure 2
Figure 2 provides a visual representation of the numbers of Black ducks counted in mid-winter between 1954 and 2013 in the Atlantic Flyway, Mississippi Flyway and the two flyways combined.
Figure 3. American Black Ducks in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
Population Estimate and 90% credible intervals. The figures represent the combined results of helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft surveys.
Long Description for Figure 3
Figure 3 provides a visual representation of the population estimates of Black ducks between 1989 and 2013 for the Atlantic Highlands region, Eastern Boreal Shield region, Central Boreal Shield region, Western Boreal Shield region in Canada and the entire survey area.
Figure 4a. Mallards in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
Population Estimate and 90% credible intervals. The figures represent the combined results of helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft surveys.
Text Description for Figure 4a
Figure 4a provides a visual representation of the population estimates of Mallards between 1989 and 2013 for the Atlantic Highlands region, Eastern Boreal Shield region, Central Boreal Shield region, Western Boreal Shield region in Canada and the entire survey area.
Figure 4b. American Green-winged Teal in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
Population Estimate and 90% credible intervals. The figures represent the combined results of helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft surveys.
Long Description for Figure 4b
Figure 4b provides a visual representation of the population estimates of American Green-winged Teals between 1989 and 2013 for the Atlantic Highlands region, Eastern Boreal Shield region, Central Boreal Shield region, Western Boreal Shield region in Canada and the entire survey area.
Figure 4c. Ring-necked Ducks in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
Population Estimate and 90% credible intervals. The figures represent the combined results of helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft surveys.
Long Description for Figure 4c
Figure 4c provides a visual representation of the population estimates of Ring-necked Ducks between 1989 and 2013 for the Atlantic Highlands region, Eastern Boreal Shield region, Central Boreal Shield region, Western Boreal Shield region in Canada and the entire survey area.
Figure 5a. Estimated Breeding Pairs (±1 Standard Error (SE)) of Dabbling Duck Species in Southern Ontario, based on Ground Survey Plots, 1971-2013.
(Source: S. Meyer, Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS), Ontario Region)
Long Description for Figure 5a
Figure 5a provides a visual representation of the population estimates of Black Ducks, Green-winged Teals, Blue-winged Teals, Mallards and Wood Ducks between 1971 and 2013 in Southern Ontario.
Figure 5b. Estimated Breeding Pairs (±1 SE) of Diving Duck Species in
Southern Ontario, based on Ground Plots, 1971-2013
(Source: S. Meyer, CWS, Ontario Region)
Long Description for Figure 5b
Figure 5b provides a visual representation of the population estimates of Hooded Mergansers, Common Mergansers and Ring-necked Ducks between 1971 and 2013 in southern Ontario.
Figure 6. Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey of Western Canada:
Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada and the United States
(Source: United States (U.S.) Department of the Interior and Environment Canada)
Regions of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey (WBPHS)
- Strata 1-11 Alaska
- Strata 12-25, 50, 75-77Western Boreal Canada
- Strata 26-40 Canadian Prairies
- Strata 41-49 U.S. Prairies
Long Description for Figure 6
Figure 6 provides a visual representation of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey area of Western Canada and the United States.
Figure 7. May Ponds in the Canadian and U.S. Prairies
(Estimated number of ponds ± 1 SE)
Long Description for Figure 7
Figure 7 provides a visual representation of the numbers of ponds observed in May between 1961 and 2013 in the Canadian and United states prairies.
Figure 8. Mallard Breeding Population in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are population estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) population goal.
Long Description for Figure 8
Figure 8 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Mallards between 1961 and 2013 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.
Figure 9. Northern Pintail Breeding Population in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are population estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Long Description for Figure 9
Figure 9 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Northern Pintails between 1961 and 2013 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.
Figure 10. Blue-winged Teal Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are population estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Long Description for Figure 10
Figure 10 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Blue-winged Teals between 1961 and 2013 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.
Figure 11. Gadwall Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (±1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Long Description for Figure 11
Figure 11 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Gadwalls between 1961 and 2013 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.
Figure 12. Green-winged Teal Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Long Description for Figure 12
Figure 12 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Green-winged Teals between 1961 and 2013 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.
Figure 13. American Wigeon Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Long Description for Figure 13
Figure 13 provides provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of American Wigeons between 1961 and 2013 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.
Figure 14. Northern Shoveler Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Long Description for Figure 14
Figure 14 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Northern Shovelers between 1961 and 2013 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.
Figure 15. Scaup spp. Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal. (No data were available in 2013).
Long Description for Figure 15
Figure 15 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Scaup between 1961 and 2013 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.
Figure 16. Canvasback Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Long Description for Figure 16
Figure 16 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Canvasbacks between 1961 and 2013 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.
Figure 17. Redhead Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Long Description for Figure 17
Figure 17 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Redheads between 1961 and 2013 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.
Figure 18. Ring-necked Duck Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
Long Description for Figure 18
Figure 18 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of Ring-necked Ducks between 1961 and 2013 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.
Figure 19. Ruddy Duck Breeding Populations in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are estimates (± 1 SE). The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal. (No data were available in 2013).
Long Description for Figure 19
Figure 19 provides a visual representation of the estimated breeding populations of Ruddy Ducks between 1961 and 2013 for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of Western Canada.
Figure 20. Breeding Pair index for Dabbling Ducks in Southern Yukon 1991-2013
(J. Hawkings, CWS, 2013, pers. comm.).
Long Description for Figure 20
Figure 20 provides a visual representation of the breeding pair indices of Mallards, Green-winged Teals, American Wigeon, Gadwall, Northern pintail and Northern Shoveler between 1991 and 2013 in southern Yukon.
Figure 21. 2010 Breeding Distribution of Trumpeter Swan Populations in North America, Showing Individual Maps Sampled in Western Canada as Part of the 2010 North American Trumpeter Swan Survey
(Source: Groves 2012 USFWS)
Description for Figure 21
Figure 21 provides a visual representation of the 2010 breeding distribution of Trumpeter Swan populations in North America.
Figure 22. Bufflehead, Surf Scoter, Common Goldeneye, Common Merganser, Hooded Merganser and Red-breasted Merganser in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area
The figures represent results from the helicopter surveys only (estimate and 90% credible intervals).
Long Description for Figure 22
Figure 22 provides a visual representation of the population estimates of Buffleheads, Surf Scoters, Common Goldeneyes, Common Mergansers, Hooded Mergansers and Red-breasted Mergansers in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey area between 1990 and 2013.
Figure 23. Scoter spp. Breeding Population Estimates in the Traditional Survey Area of the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
Data shown are population estimates (± 1 SE).
The horizontal line represents the NAWMP population goal.
(No data were available in 2013)
Long Description for Figure 23
Figure 23 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of scoters for the Canadian Prairies, Western Boreal Canada, U.S. Prairies, Alaska and the entire Traditional Survey Area of western Canada between 1955 and 2013.
Figure 24. Breeding Pair trends for Diving Ducks and Trumpeter Swan in Southern Yukon 1991-2013
(J. Hawkings, CWS, 2013, pers. comm.).
Long Description for Figure 24
Figure 24 provides a visual representation of the breeding pair indices of Barrow's Goldeneyes, Scaup, Ring-necked Duck, Buffleheads and Trumpeter Swan between 1991 and 2013 in southern Yukon.
Figure 25. Greater Snow Geese Spring Population Estimates (95% CI) in the St. Lawrence River Valley
The horizontal lines represent the target range for the population.
(Source: Lefebvre 2013)
Long Description for Figure 25
Figure 25 provides a visual representation of the spring population estimates of the Greater Snow Geese in the St. Lawrence River Valley from 1965 to 2013.
Figure 26. Harvest of Greater Snow Geese
Numbers include geese harvested during special conservation measures initiated in spring 1999 in Canada and 2009 in the United States.
(Source: Smith and Gendron 2013; and Raftovich and Wilkins 2013)
Long Description for Figure 26
Figure 26 provides a visual representation of the harvest estimates of Greater Snow Geese between 1975 and 2013 in Canada and the United States.
Figure 27. Mid-continent Lesser Snow Geese Populations in Mid-winter
Counts include some Ross' Geese.
(Source: Fronczak 2013)
Long Description for Figure 27
Figure 27 provides a visual representation of the mid-winter counts of the Mid-continent populations of Lesser Snow Geese in the Central Flyway, the Mississippi Flyway and the two flyways combined between 1970 and 2013.
Figure 28. Number of Nesting Lesser Snow Geese Estimated Through
Photo-inventories of Major Breeding Colonies in Canada
Long Description for Figure 28
Figure 28 provides a visual representation of the numbers of nesting Lesser Snow Geese estimated through photo-inventories of major breeding colonies in Canada from the 1970s to 2000s.
Figure 29. Estimates for numbers of Ross's and Lesser Snow Geese that attempted to nest at Karrak Lake, 1993-2012.
The vertical line represents the start of special conservation measures for overabundant Snow Geese.
Long Description for Figure 29
Figure 29 provides a visual representation of the numbers of Ross' and Lesser Snow Geese that attempted nesting at Karrak Lake from 1993 to 2012.
Figure 30. Lesser Snow Geese Harvest Estimates for the Wrangel Island Population
Estimates include a +20% adjustment for cripple loss.
(Source: A. Breault, CWS, Pacific and Yukon Region).
Long Description for Figure 30
Figure 30 provides a visual representation of the harvest estimates for the Wrangel Island Population of Lesser Snow Geese from 1990 to 2013.
Figure 31. Midwinter counts of mid-continent White-fronted Geese in the Central and Mississippi Flyways, 1969-2011
Long Description for Figure 31
Figure 31 provides a visual representation of the mid-winter counts of the Mid-continent populations of White-fronted Geese in the Central and Mississippi flyways between 1969 and 2011.
Figure 32. Lincoln population estimates of mid-continent White-fronted Geese, 1975-2010, compared to the fall survey index from 1992-2011 (the fall survey was not conducted in 2013)
Long Description for Figure 32
Figure 32 provides a visual representation of the Lincoln population estimates of mid-continent White-fronted Geese from 1975 to 2010, compared to the fall survey index from 1992 to 2011.
Figure 33. Annual harvests of mid-continent White-fronted Geese in Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, 1975-2012 (y = 497.53x + 50 281, R² = 0.1089)
Long Description for Figure 33
Figure 33 provides a visual representation of the annual harvest of mid-continent White-fronted Geese in Alberta and Saskatchewan from 1975 to 2011.
Figure 34a. Canada Geese Populations in North America: NAP, AP, Mississippi Valley Population (MVP) and Southern James Bay Population (SJBP)
Long Description for Figure 34a
Figures 34a to 34c present the distribution of Canada Geese and Cackling Geese Populations in North America. There are 13 populations of Canada Geese, one population of Cackling Geese and one mixed population of Canada and Cackling Geese.
Figure 34b. Canada Geese Populations in North America: AFRP, MFRP, EPP, GPP and WPP. Cackling Goose Population: TGPP.
Long Description for Figure 34b
Figures 34a to 34c present the distribution of Canada Geese and Cackling Geese Populations in North America. There are 13 populations of Canada Geese, one population of Cackling Geese and one mixed population of Canada and Cackling Geese.
Figure 34c. Canada Geese Populations in North America: HLP, RMP, Pacific Population (PP) and LP.
Mixed Cackling/Canada Geese Population: SGPP.
Long Description for Figure 34c
Figures 34a to 34c present the distribution of Canada Geese and Cackling Geese Populations in North America. There are 13 populations of Canada Geese, one population of Cackling Geese and one mixed population of Canada and Cackling Geese.
Figure 35. Breeding Pairs of the North Atlantic Population Canada Geese in Stratum 2 of the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area (see Figure 1)
(Breeding pairs (±1 ET), Source: Adam Smith, CWS, National Capital Region)
Long Description for Figure 35
Figure 35 provides a visual representation of the estimated numbers of breeding pairs for the North Atlantic Population of Canada Geese in the Eastern Waterfowl Survey Area from 1990 to 2013.
Figure 36. Breeding Pairs of the Atlantic Population Canada Geese in the Ungava Peninsula of northern Quebec
Breeding pairs ± 1SE. (Source: Harvey and Rodrigue 2012)
No surveys were conducted from 1989-1992, and in 2013.
Long Description for Figure 36
Figure 36 provides a visual representation of the estimated numbers of breeding pairs for the Atlantic Population of Canada Geese in the Ungava Peninsula of northern Quebec from 1988 to 2013.
Figure 37. Estimated Breeding Pairs of Temperate-breeding Canada Geese (± 1 SE) in Southern Ontario Population, 1971-2013
(Source: S. Meyer, CWS, Ontario Region)
Long Description for Figure 37
Figure 37 provides a visual representation of the estimated numbers of breeding pairs for the Southern Ontario Population of Temperate-breeding Canada Geese from 1971 to 2013.
Figure 38. Southern James Bay Population Canada Geese Spring Estimates (± 95% CI)
Changes in the survey design made the population estimates since 2007 not directly comparable to those of previous years (Source: Brook and Hughes 2012a).
Long Description for Figure 38
Figure 38 provides a visual representation of the estimated spring population for the Southern James Bay Population of Canada Geese from 1990 to 2013.
Figure 39. Mississippi Valley Population Canada Geese Spring Estimates (± 95% CI)
(Source: Brook and Hughes 2013b)
Long Description for Figure 39
Figure 39 provides a visual representation of the estimated spring population for the Mississippi Valley Population of Canada Geese from 1989 to 2013.
Figure 40. Eastern Prairie Population Canada Geese Spring Estimates (± 95%CI)
No survey was conducted in 1980.
(Source: D. Fronczak 2013)
Long Description for Figure 40
Figure 40 provides a visual representation of the estimated spring population for the Eastern Prairie Population of Canada Geese from 1972 to 2013.
Figure 41. Canada Geese Population Estimate, Prairies, Boreal and Parkland of Western Canada (1955-2013)
Long Description for Figure 41
Figure 41 provides a visual representation of the estimated Canada Goose population for the Prairies, Boreal and Parklands of Western Canada from 1955 to 2013.
Figure 42. Map of the breeding range of mid-continent Cackling Geese
Long Description for Figure 42
Figure 42 provides a visual representation of the breeding range of mid-continent Cackling Geese, which includes most of northern Canada, excepting the high arctic.
Figure 43. Longitudinal variation in band recovery distributions of Cackling Geese marked in different regions of the Canadian arctic. Only direct recoveries of shot birds that were banded from 2000-2009 are included.
Long Description for Figure 43
Figure 43 provides a visual representation fo the band recovery distributions of Cackling Geese marked in three different regions of the Canadian Arctic from 2000 to 2009.
Figure 44. Estimated number of adult Cackling Geese on the Great Plain of the Koukdjuak, Baffin Island, Nunavut-based on August helicopter surveys, 1996-2009
Long Description for Figure 44
Figure 44 provides a visual representation of the estimated number of Cackling Geese on the Great Plain of Koukdjuak, Baffin Island, from 1996 to 2009.
Figure 45. Midwinter counts of Cackling Geese in the Central and Mississippi Flyways,1970-2011 (y = 12 323x + 276 134, R² = 0.5138)
Long Description for Figure 45
Figure 45 provides a visual representation of the midwinter counts of Cackling Geese in the Central and Mississippi Flyways from 1970 to 2011.
Figure 46. Lincoln population estimates of mid-continent Cackling Geese, 1975-2010 (y = 22405x1.4161, R² = 0.8087)
Long Description for Figure 46
Figure 46 provides a visual representation of the Lincoln population estimates of mid-continent Cackling Geese from 1975 to 2010.
Figure 47. Mid-winter Inventory of Atlantic Brant in the Atlantic Flyway
(Source: Klimstra and Padding, 2013)
Long Description for Figure 47
Figure 47 provides a visual representation of the mid-winter counts of Atlantic Brant in the Atlantic Flyway between 1961 and 2013.
Figure 48. Mid-winter Inventory of Black and Western High Arctic Brant
Note that beginning in 1986 Black Brant numbers include counts along the Alaska coast.
No surveys conducted in Mexico in 2009, 2011 and 2012 (Source: Olson and Trost 2013).
Long Description for Figure 48
Figure 48 provides a visual representation of the mid-winter counts of Black Brant and Western High Arctic Brant between 1961 and 2013.
Figure 49. American Woodcock Breeding Population Indices
Indices (singing males per route) from the Singing-ground Survey.
(Source: Cooper and Rau 2013)
Long Description for Figure 49
Figure 49 provides a visual representation of the breeding population indices of American Woodcocks from 1968 to 2013.
Figure 50. American Woodcock Harvest in Canada and the United States
The USFWS results from 1999 onward are not directly comparable to those prior to 1999.
(Source: Gendron and Smith 2013; Cooper and Rau 2013)
Long Description for Figure 50
Figure 50 provides a visual representation of the harvest estimates of American Woodcocks in Canada and the United States between 1974 and 2013.
Figure 51. Wilson's Snipe Harvest Estimates in Canada and the United States
The USFWS results from 1999 onward are not directly comparable to those prior to 1999.
(Source: Gendron and Smith 2013; and Raftovich and Wilkins 2013)
Long Description for Figure 51
Figure 51 provides a visual representation of the harvest estimates of Wilson's Snipes in Canada and the United States between 1974 and 2013.
Figure 52. Mid-continent Population Sandhill Crane Spring Indices
Note: the 2012 value is for the Central Platte River Valley only, and is uncorrected for visibility bias.
(Source: Kruse et al. 2013)
Long Description for Figure 52
Figure 52 provides a visual representation of the spring population indices for the Mid-continent Population of Sandhill Cranes between 1982 and 2013.
Figure 53. Harvest Estimates of Sandhill Cranes in Canada and the United States
Canadian harvest estimates ±1 SE (Gendron and Smith 2013), and U.S. harvest estimates (Kruse et al. 2013). The USFWS results for years prior to 1999 are not directly comparable to those from 1999 onward.
Long Description for Figure 53
Figure 53 provides a visual representation of the harvest estimates of Sandhill Cranes in Canada and the United States between 1974 and 2013.
Figure 54. American Coot Breeding Population in the Canadian Prairies (± 1 SE) from the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey
(No data available in 2013)
Long Description for Figure 54
Figure 54 provides a visual representation of the breeding population estimates of American Coots in the Canadian Prairies between 1961 and 2013.