Wood products operations
Download the wood products operations calculator to help you estimate the releases of National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) substances.
Wood products operations include sawmills, lumber mills, panel board mills and wood product manufacturing facilities. They release criteria air contaminants (CACs), dioxins and furans, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB).
This tool calculates emissions from cyclones and baghouses used with dry wood chippers, dry wood handling, green wood material handling, miscellaneous wood handling, planers, saws and silos, as well as from lumber kilns, wood residue fired boilers and wood waste conical burners. Other documents that may help calculate releases from other processes at these facilities, such as from the combustion of distillate fuel oil (no. 2 oil) in industrial boilers, have not been incorporated in this tool.
The calculator focusses on releases to air and uses default emission factors. It can be adapted to use site-specific emission factors if they are available. If you want to use a site-specific emission factor, enter it in the emission factor column, but be sure to convert the units correctly.
The spreadsheet calculators use emission factors based on uncontrolled emission sources. If you use an emission control device and the default emission factor is uncontrolled, use this formula to adjust the spreadsheet calculation:
Controlled emissions = uncontrolled emission x ((100 - control efficiency)/100)
Since NPRI reporting thresholds are for the facility as a whole, you may need to combine the air releases you calculate with releases from other sources at your facility.
The following sections explain how the spreadsheet calculator works.
Suggested estimation methodology: emission factor
The general equation for estimation using an emission factor is:
E = A x EF
where:
- E = emissions
- A = activity rate
- EF = emission factor
Lumber kilns
Input data
DLP = dried lumber production [thousand board feet (MBF)]
TP = Percentage of tree type [percent (%)]
Tree types include: black spruce, jack pine, lodgepole pine, red pine, white spruce
Substance releases
Part 1 releases
A = (DLP x TP)/1000
Black spruce
Substance | Chemical Abstracts Service registry number (CAS RN)1 | Emission factor (EF)(2) |
EF Units |
---|---|---|---|
Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | 0.0485 | kilograms (kg)/MBF |
Acrolein | 107-02-8 | 0.000359 | kg/MBF |
Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 0.0027 | kg/MBF |
Methanol | 67-56-1 | 0.0522 | kg/MBF |
Lodgepole pine
Substance | Chemical Abstracts Service registry number (CAS RN)1 | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 3 | EF Units |
---|---|---|---|
Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | 0.033 | kg/MBF |
Acrolein | 107-02-8 | 0.000925 | kg/MBF |
Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 0.0023 | kg/MBF |
Methanol | 67-56-1 | 0.034 | kg/MBF |
White spruce
Substance | Chemical Abstracts Service registry number (CAS RN)1 | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 4 | EF Units |
---|---|---|---|
Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | 0.03 | kg/MBF |
Acrolein | 107-02-8 | 0.0007 | kg/MBF |
Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 0.005 | kg/MBF |
Methanol | 67-56-1 | 0.064 | kg/MBF |
Part 4 releases
A = DLP x TP
Volatile organic compounds (total) (VOCs) emissions [tonne VOC as carbon (C)/yr]
Wood species | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|
Black spruce | 0.2 | kg VOC as C /MBF |
Jack pine | 0.44 | kg VOC as C /MBF |
Lodgepole pine | 0.43 | kg VOC as C /MBF |
Red pine | 0.94 | kg VOC as C /MBF |
White spruce | 0.247 | kg VOC as C /MBF |
Part 5 releases
A = (DLP x TP)/1000
Substance | Chemical Abstracts Service registry number (CAS RN)1 | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 2 | EF Units |
---|---|---|---|
Alpha-pinene | 80-56-8 | 0.0753 | kg/MBF |
Beta-phellandrene | 555-10-2 | 0.0054 | kg/MBF |
Beta-pinene | 127-91-3 | 0.0240 | kg/MBF |
Ethanol | 64-17-5 | 0.0054 | kg/MBF |
Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 0.0027 | kg/MBF |
Methanol | 67-56-1 | 0.0522 | kg/MBF |
Myrcene | 123-35-3 | 0.0050 | kg/MBF |
Substance | Chemical Abstracts Service registry number (CAS RN)1 | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 3 | EF Units |
---|---|---|---|
Alpha-pinene | 80-56-8 | 0.0535 | kg/MBF |
Beta-phellandrene | 555-10-2 | 0.1650 | kg/MBF |
Beta-pinene | 127-91-3 | 0.0240 | kg/MBF |
Ethanol | 64-17-5 | 0.0190 | kg/MBF |
Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 0.0023 | kg/MBF |
Methanol | 67-56-1 | 0.0340 | kg/MBF |
Myrcene | 123-35-3 | 0.0091 | kg/MBF |
Substance | Chemical Abstracts Service registry number (CAS RN)1 | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 4 | EF Units |
---|---|---|---|
Alpha-pinene | 80-56-8 | 0.0580 | kg/MBF |
Beta-phellandrene | 555-10-2 | 0.0090 | kg/MBF |
Beta-pinene | 127-91-3 | 0.0660 | kg/MBF |
Ethanol | 64-17-5 | 0.0160 | kg/MBF |
Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 0.0050 | kg/MBF |
Methanol | 67-56-1 | 0.0640 | kg/MBF |
Myrcene | 123-35-3 | 0.0090 | kg/MBF |
Wood handling sources
Input data
WHS = wood handling sources [oven dry tonne (ODT) or thousand board feet (MBF)]
Wood handling sources include: dry wood chipper [ODT], dry wood material handling (cyclones, dry wood residue) [ODT], green wood material handling (cyclones, green/wet wood residue) [ODT], miscellaneous wood handling (cyclones, mixed wood residues) [MBF], planer [ODT], saw [ODT] and silo [MBF].
Substance releases
Part 4 releases
The activity rate for wood handling sources is the amount of wood product from each source. Emissions must be calculated individually for each input and summed for each substance.
A = WHS/1000
Total particulate matter (TPM) [tonnes]Footnote **
Equipment | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|
Dry wood chipper | 1.18E-01 | kg/ODT |
Dry wood material handling (cyclones, dry wood residue) | 9.14E-01 | kg/ODT |
Green wood material handling (cyclones, green/wet wood residue) | 9.63E-03 | kg/ODT |
Miscellaneous wood handling (cyclones, mixed wood residues) | 2.04E-02 | kg/MBF |
Planer | 6.51E-01 | kg/ODT |
Saw | 3.15E-02 | kg/ODT |
Silo | 1.19E-02 | kg/MBF |
Particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns (PM 10) [tonnes]Footnote **
Equipment | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|
Dry wood chipper | 9.10E-02 | kg/ODT |
Dry wood material handling (cyclones, dry wood residue) | 6.16E-01 | kg/ODT |
Planer | 1.52E-01 | kg/ODT |
Particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns (PM 2.5) [tonnes]Footnote **
Equipment | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|
Dry wood chipper | 8.00E-03Footnote * | kg/ODT |
Dry wood material handling (cyclones, dry wood residue) | 9.75E-02 | kg/ODT |
Planer | 3.61E-02 | kg/ODT |
A kg/ODT refers to one kilogram of compound per oven dried metric ton of wood material sent to the wood handling system (e.g., cyclone) and, if applicable, the control device (e.g., baghouse).
Wood residue-fired boilers
Input data
LT = lumber throughput [MBF]
BE = boiler energy (default ratio: 2.50) [million British thermal units (MMBtu)/MBF lumber dried]
BH = boiler heat input [MMBtu/yr]
A = (LT x BE x 1055056000)/1000 or A = (BH x 1055056000)/1000
Substance releases
Part 1 releases
Part 1 releases
Substance | Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS RN)1 | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|---|
Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | 1.22E-13 | kg/joule (J) |
Acrolein | 107-02-8 | 1.12E-13 | kg/J |
Benzene | 71-43-2 | 4.21E-13 | kg/J |
Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 4.51E-13 | kg/J |
Isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) | 67-63-0 | 1.94E-12 | kg/J |
Methanol | 67-56-1 | 3.14E-13 | kg/J |
Methylene chloride (dichloromethane) | 75-09-2 | 1.71E-13 | kg/J |
Napthalene | 91-20-3 | 4.28E-14 | kg/J |
n-Butyraldehyde (butyraldehyde) | 123-72-8 | 6.88E-14 | kg/J |
n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 1.24E-13 | kg/J |
Part 4 releases
Carbon monoxide (630-08-0Footnote 1 )
Boiler configuration | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|
Fluidized bed combustor | 3.13E-11 | kg/J |
Fuel cell or dutch oven | 1.91E-10 | kg/J |
Stoker combustor | 3.11E-10 | kg/J |
Suspension burner | 7.61E-11 | kg/J |
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), expressed as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (11104-93-1Footnote 1)
Wood type | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|
Clean wet wood (20% moisture) | 9.11E-11 | kg/J |
Wood with UF resins | 3.40E-10 | kg/J |
Total particulate matter (TPM)Footnote **
Control device | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|
Fabric filter | 4.30E-11 | kg/J |
Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) | 7.48E-12 | kg/J |
Mechanical collector with fly ash reinjection | 7.52E-11 | kg/J |
Mechanical collector without fly ash reinjection | 7.52E-11 | kg/J |
Wet scrubber | 2.84E-11 | kg/J |
Particulate matter less than or equal to 10 micrometers (µm) (PM10)Footnote **
Control device | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|
Fabric filter | 3.18E-11 | kg/J |
Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) | 5.53E-12 |
kg/J |
Mechanical collector with fly ash reinjection | 6.84E-11 |
kg/J |
Mechanical collector without fly ash reinjection | 2.41E-11 |
kg/J |
Wet scrubber | 2.78E-11 |
kg/J |
Particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 (µm) (PM2.5)Footnote **
Control device | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|
Fabric filter | 2.80E-11 | kg/J |
Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) | 3.07E-12 |
kg/J |
Mechanical collector with fly ash reinjection | 4.06E-11 |
kg/J |
Mechanical collector without fly ash reinjection | 1.20E-11 |
kg/J |
Wet scrubber | 2.78E-11 |
kg/J |
Other substances
Substance | Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS RN)Footnote 1 | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|---|
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) | 7446-09-5 | 4.690E-12 | kg/J |
Volatile organic compounds (total) (VOCs) | Footnote ** | 1.660E-12 | kg/J |
Part 5 releases
Substance | Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS RN)Footnote 1 | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|---|
Benzene | 71-43-2 | 4.21E-13 | kg/J |
Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 4.51E-13 | kg/J |
Isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) | 67-63-0 | 1.94E-12 | kg/J |
Methanol | 67-56-1 | 3.14E-13 | kg/J |
n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 1.24E-13 | kg/J |
Wood waste incinerators or conical burners
Input data
LT = lumber throughput [thousand board feet (MBF)]
RWP = residual wood production (default ratio: 0.50) [as-is tonne residual/MBF]
MC = moisture content (default : 50%) [percent]
ODT = lumber throughput [oven dry tonnes]
AIT = residual wood production [as-is tonnes]
Substance releases
Part 1 releases
A = ((LT x RWP)/(1+MC) x 1.5)/1000Footnote *** or A = (ODT + (AIT/(1+MC)) ) x 1.5/1000Footnote ***
Substance | Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS RN)Footnote 1 | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|---|
Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | 0.00128 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
Acrolein | 107-02-8 | 0.0012 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
Benzene | 71-43-2 | 0.0044 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 0.0047 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
Isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) | 67-63-0 | 0.0203 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
Methanol | 67-56-1 | 0.0033 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
Methylene chloride (dichloromethane) | 75-09-2 | 0.0018 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
Napthalene | 91-20-3 | 0.0004 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
n-Butyraldehyde (butyraldehyde) | 123-72-8 | 0.0007 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 0.0013 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
Part 3 releases
A = (LT x RWP)/(1+MC) or A = ODT + (AIT/(1+MC))
Substance | Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS RN)Footnote 1 | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|---|
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin | 1746-01-6 | 1.04E-09 | g/ODT |
1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin | 40321-76-4 | 1.45E-09 | g/ODT |
1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin | 39227-28-6 | 9.51E-10 | g/ODT |
1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin | 19408-74-3 | 1.53E-09 | g/ODT |
1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin | 57653-85-7 | 2.29E-09 | g/ODT |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin | 35822-46-9 | 1.07E-08 | g/ODT |
Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin | 3268-87-9 | 2.69E-08 | g/ODT |
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran | 51207-31-9 | 8.78E-09 | g/ODT |
2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran | 57117-31-4 | 6.65E-09 | g/ODT |
1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran | 57117-41-6 | 4.37E-09 | g/ODT |
1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran | 70648-26-9 | 3.91E-09 | g/ODT |
1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzofuran | 72918-21-9 | 7.32E-10 | g/ODT |
1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran | 57117-44-9 | 3.47E-09 | g/ODT |
2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran | 60851-34-5 | 2.91E-09 | g/ODT |
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzofuran | 67562-39-4 | 6.23E-09 | g/ODT |
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Heptachlorodibenzofuran | 55673-89-7 | 8.72E-10 | g/ODT |
Octachlorodibenzofuran | 39001-02-0 | 5.46E-09 | g/ODT |
Hexachlorobenzene | 118-74-1 | No information | not available |
g/ODT = grams per oven-dried metric tons
Part 4 releases
A = (LT x RWP)/(1+MC) x 1.5 Footnote *** or A = ODT + (AIT/(1+MC)) x1.5Footnote ***
Substance | Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS RN)Footnote 1 | Emission factor (EF)Footnote l Footnote 6 | EF Units |
---|---|---|---|
Carbon monoxide (CO) | 630-08-0 | 0.065 | tonnes/tonne |
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) | 7446-09-5 | 0.00005 | tonnes/tonne |
Oxides of nitrogen, expressed as NO2 (NOx) | 11104-93-1 | 0.0005 | tonnes/tonne |
Volatile organic compounds (total) (VOCs) | Footnote ** | 0.0055 | tonnes/tonne |
Total particulate matter (TPM)Footnote **
Burner operation type | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 6 | EF Units |
---|---|---|
SatisfactoryFootnote l | 0.0005 | tonnes/tonne |
UnsatisfactoryFootnote ll | 0.0035 | tonnes/tonne |
Very unsatisfactoryFootnote lll | 0.01 | tonnes/tonne |
Part 5 releases
A = ((LT x RWP)/(1+MC) ) x 1.5/1000 Footnote *** or A = (ODT + (AIT/(1+MC)) ) x 1.5/1000Footnote ***
Substance | Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS RN)Footnote 1 | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 5 | EF Units |
---|---|---|---|
Benzene | 71-43-2 | 0.0044 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 0.0047 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
Isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) | 67-63-0 | 0.0203 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
Methanol | 67-56-1 | 0.0033 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 0.0013 | kg/tonne wood burned as is |
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