Enhanced Fujita scale damage indicators and degrees of damage, chapter 15

Elementary Schools (ES)

Typical Construction:

Typically one storey with flat roofs; CMU bearing walls with brick veneer, stucco or EIFS cladding; walls can have a large percentage of window glass
Building may contain a small gym or cafeteria with moderately long spans between supports
Buildings have long interior hallways with bearing or non-bearing walls
BUR, single-ply membrane or metal standing seam roof panels; metal or plywood roof decking supporting rigid insulation boards or a lightweight poured gypsum deck
Roof structure consists of open web steel joists bearing on exterior walls and steel interior girders; exterior non-bearing walls constructed with CMUs, glass curtain walls or metal studs with brick veneer, stucco or EIFS cladding

Table 15. Degree of Damage (DOD) for Expected (EXP), Lower Bound (LB) and Upper Bound (UB)
DOD	Damage Description	EXP*	LB*	UB*
1	Threshold of visible damage	105	75	130
2	Loss of roof covering (less than 20%)	125	105	160
3	Broken windows	140	115	170
4	Exterior door failures	160	135	190
5	Uplift of some roof decking; significant loss of roofing material (more than 20%); loss of rooftop HVAC	165	130	195
6	Damage to or loss of wall cladding	175	150	205
7	Uplift or collapse of roof structure	200	175	240
8	Collapse of non-bearing walls	225	190	260
9	Collapse of load-bearing walls	245	210	290
10	Total destruction of a large section of or entire building	285	245	325

*All wind speeds in km/h