Enhanced Fujita scale damage indicators and degrees of damage, chapter 16

Junior and Senior High Schools (JHSH)

Typical Construction:

Generally large one- or two-storey buildings with flat roofs; may contain gymnasiums, cafeteria and auditorium with large structural spans; may have a basement
Classroom wings have interior hallways with bearing or non-bearing interior walls
BUR or single-ply membrane roof covering with or without gravel; structural system may consist of an all steel structure or an all reinforced concrete structure or a combination of both
Roof structure may be light steel construction with open web joists supported on steel beams; corrugated metal roof deck with rigid insulation or poured gypsum deck
Exterior walls constructed of concrete or clay blocks with brick veneer, stucco or EIFS; metal and glass curtain walls; walls may have more than 30% windows

Table 16. Degree of Damage (DOD) for Expected (EXP), Lower Bound (LB) and Upper Bound (UB)
DOD	Damage Description	EXP*	LB*	UB*
1	Threshold of visible damage	110	90	135
2	Loss of roof covering (up to 20%)	125	105	160
3	Broken windows	140	115	170
4	Exterior door failures	165	135	195
5	Uplift of metal roof decking; significant loss of roofing material (more than 20%); loss of rooftop HVAC	165	135	190
6	Damage to or loss of wall cladding	175	150	205
7	Collapse of tall masonry walls at gym, cafeteria or auditorium	185	150	220
8	Uplift or collapse of light steel roof structure	200	175	240
9	Collapse of exterior walls in top floor	225	195	245
10	Most interior walls of top floor collapsed	255	215	300
11	Complete destruction of all or a large section of building	310	260	360

*All wind speeds in km/h