Management Plan for the Bluntnose Sixgill Shark and Tope Shark in Canada [Proposed] 2012: References
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The Bluntnose Sixgill Shark (Hexanchus griseus) and Tope Shark (Galeorhinus galeus) are listed as species of special concern on Schedule 1 of the Species at Risk Act (SARA). The Minister of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) and the Minister of Environment, responsible for the Parks Canada Agency, are the competent minister for the Bluntnose Sixgill Shark and Tope Shark in Canadian waters. Both species migrate throughout the coast of the Province of British Columbia and within waters administered by the Parks Canada Agency. DFO established a small internal working group of technical experts to develop the initial draft of this recovery strategy. See section 6 of this document for a list of technical team members.
Letters were sent out to all coastal First Nations soliciting participation in the development of this Management Plan. Given that both populations considered in this document migrate through Canadian and U.S. waters, bilateral government and non-government input and collaboration was sought. The draft management plan was sent to Parks Canada Agency, Environment Canada, and the Province of British Columbia for review and comment.
In January 2011, a technical workshop was held to seek comments and inputs on the draft management plan, and ensure the document incorporated the best technical and scientific expertise on these species. Participants, listed in Appendix I, included scientific and technical experts from DFO, Parks Canada Agency, academia, the fishing industry, and environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs). Participants assisted in the prioritization of the threats, current research, knowledge gaps, management goals, objectives, actions and implementation schedule.
The draft management plan was posted to the DFO Pacific Region Consultation website (http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/saraconsultations) for a public comment period from May 10 to June 13, 2011. This consultation was primarily web-based, and included mail-outs of hard copy letters, emails, and faxes to all coastal First Nations soliciting input and feedback on the draft Management Plan. No comments on the document were received by First Nations. An initial draft of the management plan, along with a discussion guide and feedback form, was made available on the internet. Notification of this consultation period was also sent by electronic mail to a distribution list of stakeholders and ENGOs; technical workshop participants; government agencies; as well as several Departmental advisory committees including the Groundfish Integrated Advisory Board (GIAB), Halibut Advisory Board (HAB), Sablefish Advisory Committee (SAC), Groundfish Trawl Advisory Committee (GTAC), and the Groundfish Hook & Line Advisory Committee (GHLAC). Four feedback forms were received, including comments from the academic and recreational diving companies. Where appropriate, all feedback received during this consultation period has been incorporated into the final management plan.
Table 7. Details on terms used for assessment of threats to the Pacific population of Basking Shark. Terms were obtained from Environment Canada’s “Guidelines for Identifying and Mitigating Threats to Species at Risk” (Environment Canada, 2008).
| Attribute | Level of Effect | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Extent | Widespread Localized Unknown |
Across the species range. |
| Occurrence | Historical | Contributed to decline but no longer affecting the species. |
| Current | Affecting the species now. | |
| Imminent | Is expected to affect the species very soon. | |
| Anticipated | May affect the species in the future. | |
| Unknown | ||
| Frequency | One-time | |
| Seasonal | Due to migration or particular seasons. | |
| Continuous | Ongoing. | |
| Recurrent | Reoccurs from time to time, but not on annual/seasonal basis. | |
| Unknown | ||
| Severity | High | Very large population-level effect. |
| Medium | ||
| Low | ||
| Unknown | ||
| Causal Certainty | High | Evidence causally links the threat to stresses on population viability. |
| Medium | Correlation between the threat and population viability, expert opinion, etc. | |
| Low | Assumed or plausible threat only. | |
| Level of Concern | High Medium Low |
Overall level of concern for recovery of the species, taking into account all of the above factors. |
Figure 7. PMFC Groundfish Management Areas.
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