Data Reference Standard on Codes for Current and Past Official Names of Countries, Territories and Geographic Areas Recognized by the Government of Canada

1. Preamble

  • 1.1. This data reference standard provides Government of Canada (GC) departments with a consistent way to present data on GC-recognized countries, territories and geographic areas.
  • 1.2. Included in this data reference standard are the current and past names and codes for countries, territories and geographic areas.
  • 1.3. Global Affairs Canada assigns unique numeric codes called the GC_ID and GC_HIST_ID to each country, territory and geographic area to enable interoperability between systems and datasets with this information. Each of these codes was chosen to maintain consistency over time.
  • 1.4. The steward of this data reference standard will review the reference data in Appendix A as required to ensure it remains current.
    • 1.4.1. Data reference standard steward: Global Affairs Canada
    • 1.4.2. Data reference standard custodian: Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, Office of the Chief Information Officer of Canada

2. Effective date

  • 2.1 This data reference standard takes effect on .

3. Requirements

  • 3.1 This data reference standard provides details on the requirements set out in subsections 4.4 of the Directive on Service and Digital.
  • 3.2 Service owners, data practitioners and other individuals who interact with data must:
    • 3.2.1 Apply the reference data linked in Appendix A by using the codes in the table column(s) called “GC_ID” or “GC_HIST_ID” when storing, sharing and publishing data on countries, territories and geographic areas.

4. Application

  • 4.1 This data reference standard applies to departments described in section 6 of the Directive on Service and Digital.
  • 4.2 This data reference standard applies to datasets and systems developed after the effective date of this data reference standard.

5. References

  • 5.1 This data reference standard should be read in conjunction with the following:

Policy instruments

Additional information

6. Enquiries

Appendix A: Reference data

The reference data for this data reference standard is available in machine-readable formats.

Visit the Open Government Portal page on reference data on countries, territories and geographic areas (with data dictionary) for more information and related resources.

CSV format

JSON format

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2026-03-13