Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CADS): 2019 detailed tables

Table 1. Alcohol indicators, by age group and sex, 2019
Alcohol indicator	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
Population estimate ('000)	30,995	15,293	15,702	2,185	2,214	26,597
Alcohol
Lifetime use	87.0 [85.8-88.1]	87.8 [86.1-89.5]	86.1 [84.5-87.8]	48.5^{Footnote ↑} [40.3-56.8]	89.7 [84.9-94.6]	89.8 [88.8-90.8]
Past 12 month use	76.5^{Footnote ↓} [75.2-77.7]	78.3 [76.3-80.2]	74.7 [72.9-76.5]	46.3 [38.0-54.5]	84.4 [78.7-90.1]	78.2 [76.9-79.5]
Past 30 day use	61.9 [60.5-63.4]	65.6 [63.4-67.8]	58.4 [56.3-60.4]	28.6 [21.3-35.9]	68.8 [61.4-76.2]	64.0 [62.6-65.4]
Mean age of initiation (years)	17.1 [17.0-17.2]	16.8 [16.7-17.0]	17.4 [17.2-17.6]	15.2 [14.9-15.5]	16.6 [16.2-16.9]	17.3 [17.1-17.4]
Exceeding low-risk drinking guidelines (LRDG)^{Footnote 1}
Exceeds LRDG chronic	17.6 [16.4-18.7]	18.9 [17.0-20.7]	16.3 [14.8-17.7]	10.7 [5.6-15.8]	26.2 [19.7-32.7]	17.4 [16.2-18.5]
Exceeds LRDG acute	13.1 [12.0-14.1]	14.9 [13.1-16.6]	11.4 [10.1-12.6]	6.0^{Footnote ^} [2.0-10.0]	21.8 [15.8-27.8]	12.9 [11.9-14.0]
Exceeds LRDG chronic - among drinkers	23.0 [21.5-24.5]	24.2 [21.9-26.5]	21.8 [19.9-23.7]	23.2^{Footnote *} [13.0-33.4]	31.0 [23.5-38.6]	22.2 [20.8-23.7]
Exceeds LRDG acute - among drinkers	17.2 [15.8-18.5]	19.1 [16.9-21.2]	15.2 [13.6-16.9]	12.9^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [4.9-21.0]	25.8 [18.8-32.8]	16.6 [15.2-17.9]
Problems with alcohol
Any alcohol problem to self^{Footnote 2}	20.5^{Footnote ↑} [19.1-22.0]	21.0 [18.9-23.2]	20.0 [18.1-21.9]	38.4^{Footnote *} [26.9-49.8]	39.6 [31.8-47.5]	17.9 [16.6-19.3]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Based on alcohol consumption in the previous 7 days. Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note 2 At least one of 5 problems: not able to stop drinking once started, fail to do what was normally expected from you because of drinking, need a first drink in the morning to get yourself going after a heavy drinking session, been unable to remember what happened the night before because your own drinking, or have a feeling of guilt or remorse after drinking. Respondents could report multiple problems. Return to footnote 2 referrer Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to footnote * referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to footnote ^ referrer Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to footnote ↑ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to footnote ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 2. Alcohol indicators, by province, 2019
Alcohol indicator	Canada	NL	PE	NS	NB	QC	ON	MB	SK	AB	BC
Population estimate ('000)	30,995	440	130	813	635	7,089	12,253	1,044	893	3,558	4,140
Alcohol
Lifetime use	87.0 [85.8-88.1]	92.3 [89.8-94.9]	89.4 [86.7-92.1]	91.9 [89.6-94.1]	92.6 [90.3-94.9]	89.6 [87.6-91.7]	84.0 [81.6-86.3]	87.9 [85.2-90.5]	90.1 [87.5-92.8]	86.5^{Footnote ↓} [83.6-89.3]	88.3 [85.7-91.0]
Past 12 month use	76.5^{Footnote ↓} [75.2-77.7]	79.6 [76.2-83.1]	74.9 [71.2-78.6]	76.9 [73.6-80.2]	77.3 [73.8-80.8]	80.7 [78.2-83.1]	73.6 [71.0-76.2]	75.5^{Footnote ↑} [72.3-78.8]	76.4 [73.0-79.7]	76.6 [73.4-79.8]	77.2 [74.0-80.4]
Past 30 day use	61.9 [60.5-63.4]	62.9 [58.9-66.9]	57.3 [52.9-61.7]	63.5^{Footnote ↓} [59.7-67.2]	59.8 [55.9-63.7]	69.8 [66.9-72.6]	58.2 [55.5-61.0]	60.3 [56.7-63.8]	60.3 [56.7-63.8]	60.2 [56.6-63.7]	61.7 [58.1-65.4]
Exceeding low-risk drinking guidelines (LRDG)^{Footnote 1}
Exceeds LRDG chronic	17.6 [16.4-18.7]	20.8 [17.2-24.4]	13.9 [10.8-17.1]	20.8 [17.3-24.3]	19.5^{Footnote ↓} [16.0-22.9]	19.6 [17.1-22.0]	16.4 [14.3-18.6]	13.9 [11.4-16.5]	17.7 [14.6-20.8]	17.7 [14.8-20.6]	17.1 [14.1-20.0]
Exceeds LRDG acute	13.1 [12.0-14.1]	16.2 [12.8-19.6]	11.5^{Footnote ↓} [8.5-14.5]	15.6 [12.3-18.8]	15.7 [12.4-19.0]	13.9 [11.7-16.0]	13.0 [11.0-15.1]	10.0 [7.9-12.2]	13.1 [10.3-15.8]	11.8 [9.4-14.2]	12.6 [10.1-15.1]
Exceeds LRDG chronic - among drinkers	23.0 [21.5-24.5]	26.2 [21.8-30.5]	18.6 [14.6-22.7]	27.1 [22.6-31.6]	25.2 [21.0-29.5]	24.3 [21.3-27.3]	22.3 [19.5-25.2]	18.5^{Footnote ↓} [15.1-21.8]	23.2 [19.3-27.2]	23.1 [19.4-26.8]	22.1 [18.4-25.9]
Exceeds LRDG acute - among drinkers	17.2 [15.8-18.5]	20.4 [16.3-24.5]	15.3 [11.5-19.2]	20.3 [16.1-24.4]	20.3 [16.2-24.4]	17.2 [14.6-19.8]	17.8 [15.0-20.5]	13.3 [10.4-16.1]	17.1 [13.5-20.7]	15.5^{Footnote ↓} [12.4-18.5]	16.4 [13.2-19.6]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Based on alcohol consumption in the previous 7 days. Return to 1 referrer Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to ↑ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 3. Alcohol impaired driving in past 12 months, within 2 hours of consuming 2 or more drinks, by sex and age group, 2019
N/A	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
Been a passenger in a vehicle driven by someone who had been drinking
Among past 12 month drinkers	8.2 [7.2-9.2]	7.6 [6.1-9.1]	8.8 [7.5-10.2]	7.0^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [0.0-14.2]	14.3 [8.2-20.3]	7.7 [6.8-8.6]
Among past 12 month non-drinkers	2.0^{Footnote ^} [0.9-3.1]	2.0^{Footnote ^} [0.4-3.6]	2.0^{Footnote ^} [0.5-3.5]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	1.5^{Footnote ↓} ,^{Footnote ^} [0.5-2.4]
Drove a vehicle after drinking
Among past 12 month drinkers	6.4 [5.5-7.3]	9.0 [7.5-10.5]	3.5^{Footnote ↑} [2.6-4.5]	^{Footnote ‡}	2.6^{Footnote ^} [0.5-4.6]	6.8 [5.8-7.8]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to * referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ‡ Although an estimate may be determined from the table, data should be suppressed to ensure confidentiality. Return to ‡ referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to ↑ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 4. Cannabis use in the past 12-month, past 30 days, and lifetime, by age group and sex, 2019
Cannabis use
N/A	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
Population estimate ('000)	30,995	15,293	15,702	2,132	2,267	26,597
Lifetime	41.7 [40.3-43.1]	44.4 [42.2-45.6]	39.2 [37.3-41.1]	22.8 [16.0-29.6]	54.8 [47.0-62.6]	42.1 [40.8-43.5]
Past 12 months	20.7 [19.4-22.0]	22.8 [20.9-24.8]	18.6 [16.9-20.3]	21.9 [15.2-28.7]	44.6 [36.8-52.3]	18.5^{Footnote ↑} [17.3-19.8]
For medical reasons only, past 12 months^{Footnote 1}	11.0 [9.2-12.8]	8.1 [5.9-10.3]	14.4 [11.6-17.2]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	13.7 [11.5-15.8]
For non-medical reasons only, past 12 months^{Footnote 1}	64.0 [60.8-67.1]	68.5^{Footnote ↑} [63.9-73.1]	58.5^{Footnote ↑} [54.0-63.1]	^{Footnote #}	72.1^{Footnote *} [62.7-81.4]	60.5^{Footnote ↑} [57.1-64.0]
For both medical and non-medical purposes, past 12 months^{Footnote 1}	25.1 [22.0-28.1]	23.4 [19.0-27.8]	27.0 [22.8-31.3]	^{Footnote #}	25.4^{Footnote *} [16.4-34.4]	25.8 [22.4-29.2]
Past 3 months	17.0 [15.8-18.2]	19.3 [17.5-21.2]	14.7 [13.1-16.2]	19.5^{Footnote ↑} [12.9-26.2]	38.6 [31.0-46.2]	14.9 [13.8-16.1]
Past 30 days	13.9 [12.8-15.0]	16.1 [14.4-17.8]	11.8 [10.4-13.1]	13.9 [8.4-19.5]	30.0 [23.0-37.0]	12.5^{Footnote ↑} [11.5-13.6]
Median age of initiation to cannabis use (years)	17.0 [16.7-17.1]	17.0 [16.6-17.2]	17.0 [16.7-17.2]	^{Footnote #}	17.0 [16.1-17.4]	17.0 [16.8-17.3]
Mean age of initiation to cannabis use (years)	19.3 [19.0-19.5]	19.0 [18.6-19.4]	19.5^{Footnote ↑} [19.1-20.0]	^{Footnote #}	17.0 [16.5-17.5]	19.7 [19.4-20.0]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Based on respondents who used cannabis in the past 12 months and responded to the question "Was it for medical reasons, non-medical reasons, or both?" Return to 1 referrer Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to * referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ‡ Although an estimate may be determined from the table, data should be suppressed to ensure confidentiality. Return to ‡ referrer Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to ↑ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 5. Cannabis use in the past 12-month, past 30 days, and lifetime, by province, 2019
Cannabis use
N/A	Canada	NL	PE	NS	NB	QC	ON	MB	SK	AB	BC
Population estimate ('000)	30,995	440	130	813	635	7,089	12,253	1,044	893	3,558	4,140
Lifetime	41.7 [40.3-43.1]	46.9 [42.9-51.0]	44.2 [40.0-48.4]	55.2 [51.4-59.1]	49.8 [45.8-53.7]	41.5^{Footnote ↓} [38.6-44.4]	39.0 [36.3-41.7]	42.8 [39.1-46.6]	41.6 [37.8-45.3]	44.9 [41.4-48.5]	42.7 [39.1-46.4]
Past 12 months	20.7 [19.4-22.0]	24.5^{Footnote ↑} [20.8-28.2]	22.9 [19.5-26.3]	33.1 [29.4-36.9]	24.3 [20.5-28.0]	17.6 [14.9-20.2]	19.9 [17.5-22.3]	20.2 [17.1-23.4]	21.7 [18.4-24.9]	22.6 [19.6-25.7]	23.2 [19.8-26.6]
Past 30 days	13.9 [12.8-15.0]	15.7 [12.3-19.0]	15.9 Table [12.8-19.0]	22.6 [19.0-26.3]	18.6 [15.3-21.9]	11.4 [9.2-13.5]	13.2 [11.2-15.3]	13.5^{Footnote ↑} [11.0-16.1]	14.8 [11.8-17.8]	15.9 [13.1-18.7]	15.7 [12.8-18.7]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to ↑ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 6. Cannabis consumption methods used in the past 12 months, by sex and age group, 2019
Cannabis consumption methods^{Footnote 1}	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
Smoked	84.4 [82.0-86.8]	87.1 [83.8-90.4]	81.2 [77.8-84.6]	^{Footnote #}	92.8^{Footnote *} [86.2-99.4]	81.6 [79.0-84.3]
Eaten	43.2 [39.7-46.7]	41.0 [36.1-46.0]	45.8 [40.8-50.8]	^{Footnote #}	47.6^{Footnote *} [36.3-58.9]	40.8 [37.2-44.4]
Drank	4.7 [3.4-6.1]	3.9 [2.3-5.4]	5.7 [3.4-8.0]	^{Footnote #}	4.6^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [0.9-8.3]	4.5^{Footnote ↓} [3.1-5.8]
Vaporized with a vaporizer	13.8 [11.3-16.2]	15.4 [11.9-18.9]	11.8 [8.4-15.2]	^{Footnote #}	16.7^{Footnote *} [8.1-25.2]	13.2 [10.9-15.5]
Vaporized with a vape pen or e-cigarette	21.6 [18.5-24.6]	22.2 [17.7-26.6]	20.9 [16.7-25.1]	^{Footnote #}	27.9^{Footnote *} [17.6-38.2]	19.3 [16.2-22.3]
Dabbed	6.0 [4.3-7.7]	7.9 [5.2-10.6]	3.7^{Footnote ^} [1.8-5.6]	^{Footnote #}	8.9^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [3.4-14.4]	4.0 [2.7-5.3]
Other	8.6 [6.8-10.4]	6.0 [3.9-8.1]	11.7 [8.7-14.7]	^{Footnote ‡}	4.8^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [0.1-9.4]	10.0 [7.9-12.2]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Multiple methods could be reported by cannabis users. Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to * referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ‡ Although an estimate may be determined from the table, data should be suppressed to ensure confidentiality. Return to ‡ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 7. Cannabis use status, past 3 months and past 30 days (among past 12 month cannabis users), 2019
Cannabis use
N/A	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
Population estimate ('000)	30,995	15,293	15,702	2,185	2,214	26,597
Past 3 month cannabis use - among cannabis users in the past 12 months	84.2 [81.7-86.6]	87.1 [83.8-90.3]	80.7 [76.9-84.5]	^{Footnote #}	88.0^{Footnote *} [80.5-95.5]	82.5^{Footnote ↑} [79.9-85.2]
Past 30 day cannabis use - among cannabis users in the past 12 months	69.0 [65.8-72.2]	72.5^{Footnote ↑} [67.9-77.2]	64.7 [60.0-69.5]	^{Footnote #}	68.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote *} [57.9-79.0]	69.3 [66.1-72.4]
Frequency of cannabis use in the past 3 months^{Footnote 1}
Once or twice	38.5^{Footnote ↑} [34.6-42.4]	34.8 [29.3-40.3]	43.3 [37.7-49.0]	^{Footnote #}	42.2^{Footnote *} [29.5-54.8]	37.3 [33.3-41.2]
Monthly	15.0 [12.1-17.9]	16.2 [12.0-20.4]	13.3 [9.5-17.2]	^{Footnote #}	13.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [5.0-21.9]	14.0 [11.3-16.7]
Weekly	19.4 [16.3-22.4]	20.9 [16.2-25.7]	17.3 [13.5-21.2]	^{Footnote #}	19.1^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [10.0-28.2]	19.8 [16.4-23.3]
Daily or almost daily	27.1 [23.7-30.6]	28.0 [23.3-32.8]	26.0 [21.2-30.8]	^{Footnote #}	25.3^{Footnote *} [15.2-35.3]	28.9 [25.3-32.5]
Frequency of cannabis use in the past 30 days^{Footnote 2}
1 day	40.5^{Footnote ↓} [35.3-45.7]	36.2 [28.7-43.6]	46.1 [38.9-53.4]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	39.2 [33.8-44.6]
2 or 3 days	24.6 [20.1-29.1]	28.0 [21.0-35.0]	20.1 [15.0-25.2]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	25.3 [20.5-30.1]
1 or 2 days per week	20.9 [16.7-25.1]	20.8 [15.3-26.3]	21.0 [15.2-26.8]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	21.8 [17.3-26.2]
3 or 4 days per week	12.4 [8.6-16.2]	14.2 [8.3-20.1]	10.1 [5.6-14.5]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote #}	12.3 [7.9-16.7]
5 or 6 days per week/daily	1.6^{Footnote ^} [0.4-2.9]	0.8^{Footnote ^} [0.0-1.6]	2.7^{Footnote ^} [0.0-5.3]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	1.4^{Footnote ^} [0.4-2.4]
Risk of developing health or other problems from cannabis use^{Footnote 3}
Low risk of developing health and other problems	50.6 [47.0-54.1]	48.2 [42.9-53.5]	53.4 [48.4-58.3]	^{Footnote #}	52.6^{Footnote *} [41.2-64.1]	51.4 [47.7-55.0]
Moderate risk of developing health and other problems	48.3 [44.8-51.8]	49.8 [44.6-55.1]	46.5^{Footnote ↓} [41.5-51.4]	^{Footnote #}	45.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote *} [34.0-57.0]	47.5^{Footnote ↑} [44.0-51.1]
High risk of developing health, other problems, cannabis dependency	1.1^{Footnote ^} [0.3-2.0]	2.0^{Footnote ^} [0.5-3.5]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	1.1^{Footnote ^} [0.2-2.0]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Among respondents who used cannabis in the past 3 months. Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note 2 Among respondents who used cannabis in the past 30 days. Return to footnote 2 referrer Footnote Note 3 Among respondents who used cannabis in the past 12 months, based on the WHO ASSIST screening test: https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/activities/assist_test/en/ Return to footnote 3 referrer Footnote Note - No observation. Return to footnote - referrer Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to * referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ‡ Although an estimate may be determined from the table, data should be suppressed to ensure confidentiality. Return to ‡ referrer Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to ↑ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 8. Medical conditions reported for cannabis use (among medical and non-medical cannabis users in the past 12 months), by sex and age group, 2019
Medical conditions^{Footnote 1}	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
Arthritis	21.1 [16.0-26.3]	21.7 [12.4-30.9]	20.7 [15.1-26.2]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	23.9 [18.2-29.6]
Depression	7.9 [3.9-11.9]	9.5^{Footnote ↓} [3.1-15.9]	6.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote ^} [1.5-11.6]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote #}	5.6 [2.3-9.0]
Multiple sclerosis	1.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote ^} [0.4-2.7]	^{Footnote #}	2.3^{Footnote ^} [0.3-4.2]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	1.8^{Footnote ^} [0.4-3.2]
Spinal cord injury	1.8^{Footnote ^} [0.6-3.1]	2.1^{Footnote ^} [0.0-4.3]	1.6^{Footnote ^} [0.3-3.0]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	2.2^{Footnote ^} [0.7-3.7]
Anxiety	32.5^{Footnote ↑} [26.8-38.3]	26.3 [17.3-35.4]	37.8 [30.6-45.1]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote #}	28.7 [23.1-34.2]
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)	1.4^{Footnote ^} [0.7-2.1]	1.3^{Footnote ^} [0.2-2.3]	1.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote ^} [0.4-2.6]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	1.6^{Footnote ^} [0.8-2.5]
Irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease	2.1^{Footnote ^} [0.5-3.7]	3.1^{Footnote ^} [0.0-6.3]	1.3^{Footnote ^} [0.1-2.5]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	2.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote ^} [0.6-4.4]
Other	31.6 [25.9-37.2]	35.5^{Footnote ↓}[25.9-45.0]	28.3 [21.6-34.9]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote #}	33.7 [27.9-39.5]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Based on respondents who reported using cannabis in the past 12 months who have used cannabis either only for medical purposes or for medical and non-medical purposes and who responded to the question "During the past 12 months, for what main medical condition did you use cannabis?" Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note - No observation. Return to footnote - referrer Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to * referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ‡ Although an estimate may be determined from the table, data should be suppressed to ensure confidentiality. Return to ‡ referrer Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to ↑ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 9. Use of cannabis in combination with other substances (among past 12 month cannabis users), by sex and age group, 2019
N/A	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
Alcohol	67.7 [64.4-71.0]	72.1 [67.6-76.5]	62.5^{Footnote ↑} [57.8-67.2]	^{Footnote #}	68.4^{Footnote *} [57.6-79.2]	67.8 [64.6-70.9]
Tobacco or e-cigarette or vaping devices	30.1 [26.6-33.6]	32.2 [27.0-37.4]	27.6 [23.2-32.1]	^{Footnote #}	31.7^{Footnote *} [20.7-42.7]	28.4 [24.9-31.8]
Prescription pain relievers (e.g., oxy, Dilaudid^®, morphine, Demerol^®, Tylenol #3^®, etc.)	2.4 [1.5-3.2]	2.5^{Footnote ↑} [1.3-3.8]	2.2^{Footnote ^} [0.9-3.4]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	2.7 [1.7-3.8]
Prescription stimulants (e.g., Ritalin^®, Concerta^®, Adderall^®, Dexedrine^®)	2.6 [1.3-3.9]	3.3^{Footnote ^} [1.1-5.5]	1.8^{Footnote ^} [0.6-3.0]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	2.9 [1.3-4.6]
Prescription sedatives or anti-anxiety medications (e.g., diazepam, lorazepam, Valium^®, Ativan^®, alprazolam, Xanax^®, clonazepam, Rivotril^®)	7.2 [5.4-8.9]	4.8 [2.5-7.0]	10.0 [7.1-12.8]	^{Footnote ‡}	6.8^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [1.8-11.9]	7.7 [5.7-9.8]
Illegal opioids (e.g., heroin, non-pharmaceutical fentanyl)	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}
Illegal stimulants (e.g., cocaine, crack, methamphetamine, ecstasy/MDMA)	4.5^{Footnote ↑} [2.7-6.3]	5.2 [2.4-7.9]	3.8^{Footnote ^} [1.7-5.9]	^{Footnote ‡}	6.6^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [0.7-12.4]	4.4 [2.5-6.4]
Illegal hallucinogens/dissociatives (e.g., LSD, ketamine, magic mushrooms, PCP)	5.7 [3.8-7.7]	6.5^{Footnote ↑} [3.6-9.5]	4.8^{Footnote ^} [2.3-7.3]	^{Footnote #}	9.3^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [2.3-16.4]	4.6 [2.8-6.4]
Any combination of cannabis with other substances^{Footnote 1} - among respondents who have used cannabis in the past 12 month	75.4 [72.3-78.5]	79.7 [75.8-83.5]	70.3 [65.7-74.9]	^{Footnote #}	74.1^{Footnote *} [63.8-84.4]	75.3 [72.4-78.2]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Includes use of cannabis in combination with at least one of the following substances: alcohol; tobacco, e-cigarette or vaping devices; prescription pain relievers; prescription stimulants; prescription sedatives or anti-anxiety medications; illegal stimulants; illegal hallucinogens/dissociatives - respondents could report multiple combinations. Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note - No observation. Return to footnote - referrer Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to * referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ‡ Although an estimate may be determined from the table, data should be suppressed to ensure confidentiality. Return to ‡ referrer Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to ↑ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 10. Cannabis products used in the past 12 months (among past 12 month cannabis users), by sex and age group, 2019
Cannabis products^{Footnote 1}	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
Marijuana or herb	87.7 [85.6-89.8]	90.6 [87.8-93.4]	84.3 [81.2-87.3]	^{Footnote #}	96.8^{Footnote *} [92.5-100.0]	85.0 [82.6-87.5]
Hashish or kief	17.0 [14.1-19.8]	21.4 [17.0-25.8]	11.7 [8.4-14.9]	^{Footnote #}	17.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [8.9-26.2]	17.0 [14.1-19.9]
Cannabis oil	29.9 [26.7-33.0]	26.6 [22.4-30.8]	33.8 [29.2-38.5]	^{Footnote #}	31.3^{Footnote *} [20.9-41.7]	30.2 [27.0-33.4]
Cannabis cartridges or disposable vape pens	15.6 [13.0-18.2]	16.9 [13.1-20.8]	14.0 [10.6-17.3]	^{Footnote #}	17.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote *} [9.8-25.2]	14.3 [11.7-16.9]
Liquid concentrate (e.g., butane honey oil)	6.5^{Footnote ↓} [4.6-8.3]	7.1 [4.7-9.5]	5.7 [3.0-8.4]	^{Footnote #}	6.1^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [2.1-10.1]	5.6 [3.8-7.4]
Solid concentrate	8.9 [7.0-10.9]	9.7 [7.0-12.4]	8.0 [5.1-11.0]	^{Footnote #}	12.0^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [5.6-18.4]	7.7 [5.8-9.7]
Edibles	42.3 [38.8-45.8]	40.4 [35.5-45.4]	44.5^{Footnote ↓} [39.4-49.5]	^{Footnote #}	49.3^{Footnote *} [38.4-60.1]	39.4 [35.7-43.0]
Liquid (e.g., cola, tea, coffee)	2.3 [1.4-3.3]	2.3 [1.2-3.4]	2.4^{Footnote ^} [0.9-3.8]	^{Footnote #}	1.6^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [0.0-3.4]	2.6 [1.5-3.7]
Other	1.2 [0.6-1.8]	0.8^{Footnote ^} [0.1-1.5]	1.6^{Footnote ^} [0.6-2.6]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote #}	1.4^{Footnote ^} [0.6-2.2]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Based on cannabis users in the past 12 months who responded to the question"During the past 12 months, which of the following cannabis products have you used?" - respondents could report multiple cannabis products. Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note - No observation. Return to footnote - referrer Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to * referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to ↑ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 11. Cannabis products used in the past 12 months (among past 12 month cannabis users), by province, 2019
Cannabis products^{Footnote 1}	Canada	NL	PE	NS	NB	QC	ON	MB	SK	AB	BC
Marijuana or herb	87.7 [85.6-89.8]	87.6^{Footnote *} [82.3-92.8]	93.1^{Footnote *} [89.6-96.5]	87.4 [83.3-91.6]	82.1 [76.0-88.3]	91.1 [87.3-94.9]	87.7 [83.7-91.6]	90.6 [86.3-95.0]	85.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote *} [79.6-91.4]	85.0 [79.6-90.4]	86.2 [80.4-91.9]
Hashish or kief	17.0 [14.1-19.8]	21.4^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [11.6-31.2]	18.7^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [9.2-28.2]	15.3 [9.3-21.2]	19.1 [11.3-26.8]	20.0 [13.1-26.8]	17.5^{Footnote ↑} [12.0-23.0]	12.6^{Footnote ^} [6.5-18.6]	18.7^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [11.0-26.4]	11.9^{Footnote ^} [6.8-17.0]	16.1^{Footnote ^} [9.0-23.1]
Cannabis oil	29.9 [26.7-33.0]	39.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote *} [29.5-49.5]	32.8^{Footnote *} [22.9-42.7]	37.3 [28.9-45.7]	44.9 [35.6-54.3]	15.2 [9.6-20.8]	29.2 [23.1-35.3]	29.5^{Footnote ↑} [21.6-37.4]	37.9^{Footnote *} [29.1-46.7]	35.8 [28.5-43.1]	38.8 [30.1-47.5]
Cannabis cartridges or disposable vape pens	15.6 [13.0-18.2]	12.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [4.5-20.5]	9.9^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [3.7-16.1]	13.2^{Footnote ^} [7.2-19.2]	15.1^{Footnote ^} [7.6-22.6]	6.1^{Footnote ^} [2.9-9.3]	15.5^{Footnote ↑} [10.2-20.9]	21.5^{Footnote ↑} [14.4-28.7]	23.2^{Footnote *} [15.5-30.8]	16.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote ^} [10.2-22.9]	25.8 [17.6-33.9]
Liquid concentrate (e.g., butane honey oil)	6.5^{Footnote ↓} [4.6-8.3]	8.7^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [1.7-15.7]	5.6^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [1.3-9.9]	9.4^{Footnote ^} [4.3-14.6]	10.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote ^} [3.3-17.6]	3.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote ^} [1.0-5.9]	5.3^{Footnote ^} [1.7-8.9]	12.1^{Footnote ^} [6.3-18.0]	9.4^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [3.7-15.2]	9.0^{Footnote ^} [4.0-14.0]	7.7^{Footnote ^} [2.3-13.1]
Solid concentrate	8.9 [7.0-10.9]	11.4^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [3.4-19.3]	12.1^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [4.8-19.4]	8.9^{Footnote ^} [4.1-13.7]	15.8^{Footnote ^} [7.9-23.6]	1.7^{Footnote ^} [0.0-3.4]	6.8^{Footnote ^} [3.0-10.6]	12.8^{Footnote ^} [6.9-18.7]	12.0^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [5.6-18.4]	13.3^{Footnote ^} [7.7-18.9]	17.4^{Footnote ^} [10.2-24.7]
Edibles	42.3 [38.8-45.8]	40.0^{Footnote *} [29.9-50.2]	35.8^{Footnote *} [25.5-46.0]	34.8 [26.8-42.9]	39.0 [29.5-48.4]	17.4 [11.4-23.4]	53.0 [46.2-59.8]	46.3 [37.6-55.0]	42.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote *} [33.6-51.5]	44.8 [36.9-52.6]	47.6 [38.6-56.5]
Liquid (e.g., cola, tea, coffee)	2.3 [1.4-3.3]	5.0^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [0.2-9.8]	3.4^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [0.0-6.9]	2.2^{Footnote ^} [0.4-4.1]	4.0^{Footnote ^} [0.9-7.2]	^{Footnote ‡}	2.0^{Footnote ^} [0.5-3.6]	5.8^{Footnote ^} [1.5-10.1]	5.0^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [0.2-9.8]	^{Footnote ‡}	5.8^{Footnote ^} [1.7-9.9]
Other	1.2 [0.6-1.8]	^{Footnote ‡}	2.0^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [0.0-4.2]	3.4^{Footnote ^} [0.6-6.2]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	1.1^{Footnote ^} [0.1-2.2]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Based on cannabis users in the past 12 months who responded to the question"During the past 12 months, which of the following cannabis products have you used?" - respondents could report multiple cannabis products Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to * referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ‡ Although an estimate may be determined from the table, data should be suppressed to ensure confidentiality. Return to ‡ referrer Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to ↑ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 12. Driving within 2 hours of using cannabis, by sex and age group, 2019
Alcohol indicator	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
Passenger in a vehicle driven by someone who used cannabis in the past 2 hours
Among all respondents	4.6 [3.9-5.3]	4.7 [3.7-5.7]	4.5^{Footnote ↓} [3.6-5.4]	7.0^{Footnote ^} [3.5-10.5]	12.7 [7.9-17.6]	3.7 [3.1-4.3]
Among past 12 month cannabis users	17.9 [15.0-20.7]	17.9 [14.0-21.8]	17.8 [13.8-21.8]	^{Footnote #}	23.6^{Footnote *} [14.5-32.7]	16.0 [13.3-18.8]
Among past 12 month cannabis non-users	1.3 [0.9-1.6]	0.9 [0.5-1.4]	1.6 [1.0-2.1]	2.3^{Footnote ^} [0.4-4.3]	3.7^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [0.1-7.2]	1.0 [0.7-1.3]
Drove a vehicle within 2 hours of using cannabis
Among past 12 month cannabis users	9.2 [7.0-11.4]	11.0 [7.9-14.0]	6.8 [3.9-9.7]	^{Footnote #}	14.2^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [5.6-22.8]	8.4 [6.3-10.6]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to * referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 13. Change in amount of cannabis used since legalization of cannabis (among past 12 month users), by sex and age group, 2019^{Footnote 1}
N/A	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
More	30.8 [27.6-34.0]	26.5^{Footnote ↑} [22.3-30.7]	35.9 [31.1-40.8]	^{Footnote #}	28.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote *} [18.4-38.6]	29.4 [26.2-32.5]
Less	26.4 [23.2-29.6]	28.7 [24.0-33.4]	23.6 [19.1-28.1]	^{Footnote #}	37.1^{Footnote *} [25.6-48.6]	23.8 [20.6-26.9]
The same	42.8 [39.3-46.4]	44.8 [39.8-49.8]	40.5^{Footnote ↓} [35.8-45.2]	^{Footnote #}	34.3^{Footnote *} [23.2-45.5]	46.8 [43.1-50.5]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Based on respondents who used cannabis in the past 12 month and who provided a response to the question "During the past 12 months, have you consumed more, less or the same quantity of cannabis compared to the year before?" Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to * referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to ↑ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 14. Psychoactive pharmaceutical drug use (past 12-month), by age group and sex, 2019
Pharmaceutical Drug Category	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
Population estimate ('000)	30,995	15,293	15,702	2,185	2,214	26,597
Pain Relievers^{Footnote 1}
Pain relievers (incl. low-dose codeine)	14.2 [13.1-15.2]	12.3 [10.9-13.7]	16.0 [14.5-17.6]	9.8^{Footnote ^} [4.2-15.3]	12.1 [7.1-17.1]	14.7 [13.6-15.8]
Pain relievers (excl. low-dose codeine)	6.9 [6.2-7.6]	6.0 [5.1-7.0]	7.7 [6.7-8.8]	3.4^{Footnote ^} [0.8-6.0]	6.7^{Footnote ^} [2.8-10.6]	7.2 [6.4-8.0]
Problematic use of pain relievers (incl. low-dose codeine) - all respondents	0.9 [0.6-1.2]	0.8^{Footnote ^} [0.4-1.3]	0.9^{Footnote ^} [0.5-1.4]	^{Footnote ‡}	1.0^{Footnote ^} [0.0-2.4]	0.9 [0.5-1.2]
Problematic use of pain relievers (incl. low-dose codeine) - among those who have used pain relievers	6.3 [4.1-8.4]	6.9 [3.5-10.3]	5.9 [3.0-8.7]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote #}	6.0 [3.8-8.2]
Problematic use of pain relievers (excl. low-dose codeine) - all respondents	0.4 [0.2-0.6]	0.5^{Footnote ^} [0.1-0.8]	0.3^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.5]	^{Footnote ‡}	1.0^{Footnote ^} [0.0-2.4]	0.3^{Footnote ^} [0.1-0.5]
Problematic use of pain relievers (excl. low-dose codeine) - among those who have used pain relievers	5.3 [2.3-8.2]	7.9^{Footnote ^} [2.2-13.7]	3.3^{Footnote ^} [0.5-6.0]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote #}	4.6^{Footnote ^} [1.6-7.5]
Stimulants^{Footnote 2}
Stimulants	2.1 [1.6-2.7]	2.1 [1.3-2.9]	2.1 [1.4-2.9]	4.7^{Footnote ^} [1.4-8.1]	9.1^{Footnote ^} [4.5-13.7]	1.3 [0.9-1.8]
Problematic use of stimulants	0.8 [0.4-1.2]	1.0^{Footnote ^} [0.3-1.7]	0.6^{Footnote ^} [0.2-1.0]	0.9^{Footnote ^} [0.0-1.9]	4.8^{Footnote ^} [1.4-8.1]	0.4^{Footnote ^} [0.1-0.8]
Problematic use of stimulants - among those who have used stimulants	37.0^{Footnote *} [23.7-50.2]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	32.9^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [15.3-50.5]
Sedatives^{Footnote 3}
Sedatives	10.7 [9.8-11.5]	7.3 [6.3-8.4]	13.9 [12.6-15.2]	3.4^{Footnote ^} [1.0-5.8]	12.0 [7.2-16.7]	11.1 [10.3-12.0]
Sedatives to get high	0.3^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.5]	0.4^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.8]	0.2^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.3]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	0.2^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.4]
Sedatives to get high - among users	2.6^{Footnote ^} [0.5-4.7]	5.3^{Footnote ^} [0.0-11.1]	1.2^{Footnote ^} [0.4-1.9]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	1.7^{Footnote ^} [0.0-3.5]
Any pharmaceuticals
Any pharmaceutical (incl. low-dose codeine pain relievers)	22.7 [21.5-23.9]	18.7 [16.9-20.4]	26.7 [24.9-28.4]	14.9 [8.7-21.0]	26.8 [20.1-33.5]	23.0 [21.8-24.3]
Any pharmaceutical (excl. low-dose codeine pain relievers)	16.9 [15.9-18.0]	13.3 [11.8-14.7]	20.5^{Footnote ↑} [19.0-22.1]	10.2 [5.7-14.8]	22.5^{Footnote ↓} [16.2-28.7]	17.0 [15.9-18.1]
Problematic use of any pharmaceuticals (incl. low-dose codeine pain relievers)	1.6 [1.1-2.1]	1.7 [1.0-2.4]	1.5^{Footnote ↓} [0.9-2.1]	1.3^{Footnote ^} [0.1-2.4]	5.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote ^} [2.1-8.9]	1.3 [0.9-1.7]
Problematic use of any pharmaceutical (excl. low-dose codeine pain relievers)	1.1 [0.7-1.5]	1.4 [0.7-2.0]	0.9 [0.5-1.3]	0.9^{Footnote ^} [0.0-1.9]	5.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote ^} [2.1-8.9]	0.8 [0.4-1.1]
Problematic use of any pharmaceutical (incl. low-dose codeine pain relievers) - among users of any pharmaceutical	7.1 [5.1-9.1]	9.2 [5.5-12.9]	5.7 [3.6-7.8]	^{Footnote #}	20.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [8.9-32.1]	5.7 [3.8-7.5]
Problematic use of any pharmaceutical (excl. low-dose codeine pain relievers) - among users of any pharmaceutical	6.6 [4.3-9.0]	10.3 [5.4-15.1]	4.3 [2.3-6.4]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	4.5^{Footnote ↓} [2.4-6.5]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Pain relievers are products that contain opioids such as codeine or morphine, or related drugs. Most of these products require a prescription, although some do not. Includes prescribed or non-prescribed drugs such as Tylenol 1, 2, 3, and 4, or 292s. Excludes Regular Tylenol or Extra Strength Tylenol, Aspirin, Advil, Motrin or their generic equivalents. Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note 2 Stimulants refers to products that require a prescription such as Ritalin, Concerta, Adderall or Dexedrine to help people who have attention or concentration problems such as ADHD. Excludes over-the-counter medications. Return to footnote 2 referrer Footnote Note 3 Sedatives are products that require a prescription such as diazepam, Valium, lorazepam, Ativan, alprazolam, Xanax, clonazepam, Rivotril or others. Excludes over-the-counter medications. Return to footnote 3 referrer Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to * referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ‡ Although an estimate may be determined from the table, data should be suppressed to ensure confidentiality. Return to ‡ referrer Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to ↑ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 15. Illegal drug use (past 12-month and lifetime), by age group and sex, 2019
Drug Category	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
Population estimate ('000)	30,995	15,293	15,702	2,185	2,214	26,597
Illegal drug use past 12 months
Cocaine/Crack	2.0 [1.4-2.5]	2.4 [1.6-3.2]	1.5^{Footnote ↑} [0.9-2.2]	^{Footnote ‡}	9.0^{Footnote ^} [4.6-13.3]	1.5^{Footnote ↓} [1.0-1.9]
Methamphetamine/ amphetamines	0.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote ^} [0.2-0.7]	0.8^{Footnote ^} [0.3-1.3]	0.1^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.3]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote #}	0.4^{Footnote ^} [0.1-0.6]
Hallucinogens	1.9 [1.4-2.4]	2.3 [1.5-3.1]	1.5^{Footnote ↓} [1.0-2.0]	2.2^{Footnote ^} [0.0-4.5]	5.7^{Footnote ^} [2.1-9.3]	1.5^{Footnote ↑} [1.1-2.0]
Ecstasy	1.1 [0.7-1.6]	1.3 [0.6-1.9]	1.0^{Footnote ^} [0.5-1.5]	^{Footnote ‡}	5.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote ^} [1.8-9.3]	0.8 [0.4-1.1]
Salvia	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}
Heroin	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}
Inhalants	0.1^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.2]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}
Synthetic cannabinoids	0.0^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.1]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	0.1^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.1]
Mephedrone	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}
BZP/ TFMPP	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}
Kratom	0.2^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.4]	0.3^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.6]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	0.2^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.4]
Other drugs	0.3^{Footnote ^} [0.1-0.6]	0.6^{Footnote ^} [0.1-1.2]	0.1^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.1]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	0.3^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.5]
Any of 6 drugs^{Footnote 1}	3.5^{Footnote ↓} [2.9-4.1]	4.0 [3.0-5.0]	3.0 [2.2-3.7]	3.0^{Footnote ^} [0.4-5.5]	13.7 [8.5-18.9]	2.7 [2.1-3.2]
Any of 11 drugs^{Footnote 2}	3.8 [3.2-4.5]	4.5^{Footnote ↑} [3.4-5.6]	3.2 [2.4-3.9]	3.6^{Footnote ^} [0.8-6.5]	13.7 [8.5-18.9]	3.0 [2.4-3.6]
Any drug^{Footnote 3}	4.6 [3.9-5.3]	5.2 [4.1-6.3]	4.1 [3.2-5.0]	4.3^{Footnote ^} [1.4-7.3]	14.2 [9.0-19.5]	3.8 [3.2-4.5]
Lifetime illegal drug use
Cocaine/Crack	8.5^{Footnote ↓} [7.6-9.3]	10.5^{Footnote ↓} [9.1-11.9]	6.5^{Footnote ↑} [5.6-7.5]	1.6^{Footnote ^} [0.0-3.6]	15.5^{Footnote ↓} [10.1-20.8]	8.4 [7.6-9.3]
Methamphetamine/ amphetamines	3.2 [2.6-3.8]	4.1 [3.1-5.1]	2.3 [1.7-2.9]	^{Footnote ‡}	6.7^{Footnote ^} [2.7-10.7]	3.0 [2.5-3.5]
Hallucinogens	11.8 [10.9-12.7]	14.1 [12.7-15.5]	9.6 [8.5-10.7]	2.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote ^} [0.2-4.9]	15.1 [9.9-20.3]	12.3 [11.3-13.2]
Ecstasy	6.6 [5.8-7.4]	7.1 [5.9-8.3]	6.1 [5.1-7.2]	1.1^{Footnote ^} [0.0-2.4]	14.7 [9.1-20.4]	6.4 [5.6-7.1]
Salvia	2.2 [1.7-2.7]	3.1 [2.3-3.9]	1.3 [0.8-1.8]	^{Footnote ‡}	4.8^{Footnote ^} [1.8-7.9]	2.1 [1.6-2.6]
Heroin	0.5^{Footnote ↓} [0.3-0.7]	0.7 [0.3-1.2]	0.2^{Footnote ^} [0.1-0.4]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	0.5^{Footnote ↑} [0.3-0.8]
Inhalants	0.8 [0.6-1.1]	1.2 [0.8-1.6]	0.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote ^} [0.2-0.7]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	0.9 [0.7-1.2]
Synthetic cannabinoids	0.5^{Footnote ↓} [0.2-0.7]	0.7^{Footnote ^} [0.2-1.2]	0.3^{Footnote ^} [0.1-0.5]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	0.5^{Footnote ↑} [0.3-0.8]
Mephedrone	0.1^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.2]	0.1^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.3]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	0.1^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.2]
BZP/ TFMPP	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}
Kratom	0.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote ^} [0.2-0.8]	0.7^{Footnote ^} [0.2-1.2]	0.3^{Footnote ^} [0.1-0.6]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	0.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote ^} [0.2-0.8]
Other drugs to get high	1.5^{Footnote ↑} [1.1-1.9]	2.2 [1.4-2.9]	0.9 [0.5-1.2]	^{Footnote ‡}	3.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote ^} [0.8-6.3]	1.4 [1.0-1.8]
Any of 6 drugs^{Footnote 1}	16.1 [15.1-17.2]	18.3 [16.6-19.9]	14.1 [12.7-15.4]	4.1^{Footnote ^} [1.1-7.1]	25.2 [18.5-31.8]	16.3 [15.2-17.4]
Any of 12 drugs^{Footnote 4}	16.9 [15.8-18.0]	19.2 [17.5-20.9]	14.6 [13.2-16.0]	5.0^{Footnote ^} [1.8-8.2]	25.2 [18.5-31.8]	17.1 [16.0-18.3]
Any drug^{Footnote 3}	17.5^{Footnote ↓} [16.3-18.6]	19.6 [17.9-21.3]	15.4 [13.9-16.8]	5.7^{Footnote ^} [2.4-9.0]	25.7 [19.1-32.4]	17.7 [16.6-18.9]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Cocaine/crack, speed/methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, heroin, salvia. Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note 2 Cocaine/crack, amphetamines/methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, salvia, heroin, inhalants, synthetic cannabinoids, mephredone, kratom, other drugs. Return to footnote 2 referrer Footnote Note 3 Cocaine/crack, amphetamines/methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, salvia, heroin, inhalants, synthetic cannabinoids, mephredone, kratom, BZP/TFMPP, other drugs to get high, problematic use of pain relievers (including low dose pain relievers), problematic use of stimulants, sedatives to get high. Return to footnote 3 referrer Footnote Note 4 Cocaine/crack, amphetamines/methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, salvia, heroin, inhalants, synthetic cannabinoids, mephredone, BZP/ TFMPP, kratom, other drugs to get high - excluding cannabis. Return to footnote 4 referrer Footnote Note - No observation. Return to footnote - referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ‡ Although an estimate may be determined from the table, data should be suppressed to ensure confidentiality. Return to ‡ referrer Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to ↑ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 16. Illegal drug use (past 12-month and lifetime), by province, 2019
Alcohol indicator	Canada	NL	PE	NS	NB	QC	ON	MB	SK	AB	BC
Population estimate ('000)	30,995	440	130	813	635	7,089	12,253	1,044	893	3,558	4,140
Illegal drug use past year
Cocaine/Crack	2.0 [1.4-2.5]	2.1^{Footnote ^} [0.5-3.6]	1.1^{Footnote ^} [0.2-2.0]	2.3^{Footnote ^} [0.3-4.3]	1.4^{Footnote ^} [0.0-3.0]	1.8^{Footnote ^} [0.9-2.8]	2.3^{Footnote ^} [1.2-3.4]	1.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote ^} [0.5-2.5]	1.7^{Footnote ^} [0.6-2.8]	2.6^{Footnote ^} [1.3-3.9]	0.8^{Footnote ^} [0.1-1.5]
Amphetamines/Methamphetamine	0.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote ^} [0.2-0.7]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	0.7^{Footnote ^} [0.1-1.3]	0.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote ^} [0.0-1.0]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}
Hallucinogens	1.9 [1.4-2.4]	^{Footnote ‡}	0.9^{Footnote ^} [0.0-1.8]	0.9^{Footnote ^} [0.0-1.9]	^{Footnote ‡}	1.7^{Footnote ^} [0.8-2.5]	1.7^{Footnote ^} [0.7-2.6]	1.0^{Footnote ^} [0.4-1.6]	1.3^{Footnote ^} [0.4-2.1]	3.0^{Footnote ^} [1.5-4.4]	2.8^{Footnote ^} [1.4-4.2]
Ecstasy	1.1 [0.7-1.6]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	0.7^{Footnote ^} [0.1-1.3]	1.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote ^} [0.5-2.4]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	2.1^{Footnote ^} [0.9-3.4]	0.7^{Footnote ^} [0.2-1.3]
Salvia	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}
Heroin	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}
Inhalants	0.1^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.2]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}
Synthetic cannabinoids	0.0^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.1]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}
Mephedrone	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}
Kratom	0.2^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.4]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}
Other drugs	0.3^{Footnote ^} [0.1-0.6]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}
Any of 6 drugs^{Footnote 1}	3.5^{Footnote ↓} [2.9-4.1]	2.2^{Footnote ^} [0.7-3.8]	2.2^{Footnote ^} [0.8-3.5]	3.2^{Footnote ^} [1.0-5.5]	2.2^{Footnote ^} [0.5-4.0]	3.2 [2.0-4.4]	3.5^{Footnote ↓} [2.2-4.8]	2.6^{Footnote ^} [1.4-3.8]	2.3^{Footnote ^} [1.1-3.6]	4.8 [3.1-6.6]	3.8 [2.2-5.3]
Any of 11 drugs^{Footnote 2}	3.8 [3.2-4.5]	2.2^{Footnote ^} [0.7-3.8]	2.2^{Footnote ^} [0.8-3.5]	4.2^{Footnote ^} [1.8-6.6]	2.6^{Footnote ^} [0.8-4.5]	3.4 [2.1-4.6]	3.9 [2.5-5.3]	2.8^{Footnote ^} [1.5-4.0]	2.7^{Footnote ^} [1.3-4.1]	5.0 [3.2-6.7]	4.2 [2.5-5.8]
Any drug^{Footnote 3}	4.6 [3.9-5.3]	2.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote ^} [0.9-4.1]	2.4^{Footnote ^} [1.0-3.8]	5.2^{Footnote ^} [2.7-7.6]	3.6^{Footnote ^} [1.6-5.7]	4.2 [2.9-5.6]	4.7 [3.3-6.2]	3.4^{Footnote ^} [2.0-4.7]	3.4^{Footnote ^} [1.9-5.0]	6.1 [4.3-8.0]	4.6 [2.9-6.3]
Lifetime illegal drug use
Cocaine/Crack	8.5^{Footnote ↓} [7.6-9.3]	6.3 [3.9-8.6]	6.2 [4.2-8.2]	8.4 [5.8-11.0]	7.9 [5.0-10.8]	9.2 [7.5-10.9]	8.0 [6.3-9.7]	7.6 [5.5-9.8]	8.6 [6.2-11.0]	8.7 [6.8-10.7]	9.0 [7.1-10.9]
Amphetamines/Methamphetamine	3.2 [2.6-3.8]	1.3^{Footnote ^} [0.3-2.3]	1.7^{Footnote ^} [0.7-2.7]	2.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote ^} [1.3-3.6]	4.1^{Footnote ^} [1.9-6.3]	5.5^{Footnote ↓} [4.0-7.0]	2.7 [1.7-3.7]	1.7^{Footnote ^} [0.7-2.6]	1.8^{Footnote ^} [0.8-2.8]	2.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote ^} [1.4-3.6]	2.1^{Footnote ^} [1.3-3.0]
Hallucinogens	11.8 [10.9-12.7]	10.4 [7.8-13.1]	9.0 [6.4-11.6]	12.8 [10.1-15.5]	13.6 [10.3-16.8]	10.9 [9.0-12.7]	10.6 [8.8-12.4]	12.6 [10.2-15.0]	10.4 [8.0-12.7]	14.9 [12.4-17.5]	14.2 [11.6-16.7]
Ecstasy	6.6 [5.8-7.4]	4.0^{Footnote ^} [2.2-5.7]	5.1 [3.0-7.3]	7.4 [5.4-9.5]	6.1^{Footnote ^} [3.2-8.9]	6.8 [5.1-8.6]	6.5^{Footnote ↓} [4.9-8.0]	5.8 [3.9-7.7]	4.9 [3.1-6.6]	7.2 [5.3-9.1]	7.1 [5.4-8.8]
Salvia	2.2 [1.7-2.7]	1.2^{Footnote ^} [0.3-2.1]	2.2^{Footnote ^} [0.8-3.6]	1.9^{Footnote ^} [0.7-3.1]	3.0^{Footnote ^} [1.3-4.7]	2.8^{Footnote ^} [1.6-3.9]	1.9^{Footnote ^} [1.0-2.8]	2.8^{Footnote ^} [1.5-4.0]	2.1^{Footnote ^} [1.0-3.2]	2.8^{Footnote ^} [1.5-4.0]	1.4^{Footnote ^} [0.6-2.2]
Heroin	0.5^{Footnote ↓} [0.3-0.7]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	0.8^{Footnote ^} [0.1-1.5]	^{Footnote ‡}	0.4^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.7]	0.6^{Footnote ^} [0.1-1.1]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	0.6^{Footnote ^} [0.1-1.0]
Inhalants	0.8 [0.6-1.1]	^{Footnote ‡}	1.4^{Footnote ^} [0.3-2.4]	1.3^{Footnote ^} [0.4-2.1]	0.7^{Footnote ^} [0.1-1.3]	0.9^{Footnote ^} [0.5-1.4]	0.4^{Footnote ^} [0.1-0.7]	0.7^{Footnote ^} [0.1-1.2]	1.2^{Footnote ^} [0.3-2.1]	1.6^{Footnote ^} [0.7-2.4]	1.3^{Footnote ^} [0.5-2.1]
Synthetic cannabinoids	0.5^{Footnote ↓} [0.2-0.7]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	1.0^{Footnote ^} [0.1-1.9]	0.6^{Footnote ^} [0.0-1.2]
Mephedrone	0.1^{Footnote ^} [0.0-0.2]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}
Kratom	0.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote ^} [0.2-0.8]	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	0.8^{Footnote ^} [0.1-1.4]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	1.2^{Footnote ^} [0.2-2.2]	^{Footnote ‡}
BZP/TFMPP	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote -}
Other drugs	1.5^{Footnote ↑} [1.1-1.9]	1.6^{Footnote ^} [0.3-2.9]	^{Footnote ‡}	1.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote ^} [0.5-2.5]	^{Footnote ‡}	1.7^{Footnote ^} [0.7-2.7]	1.5^{Footnote ↓},^{Footnote ^} [0.7-2.3]	0.7^{Footnote ^} [0.1-1.2]	0.9^{Footnote ^} [0.3-1.6]	1.9^{Footnote ^} [0.8-2.9]	1.4^{Footnote ^} [0.6-2.2]
Any of 6 drugs^{Footnote 1}	16.1 [15.1-17.2]	12.7 [9.9-15.6]	12.1 [9.1-15.1]	16.9 [13.7-20.1]	19.4 [15.6-23.1]	17.8 [15.5-20.2]	14.2 [12.2-16.1]	16.5^{Footnote ↑} [13.7-19.4]	13.4 [10.7-16.2]	18.0 [15.3-20.8]	17.8 [15.1-20.6]
Any of 12 drugs^{Footnote 4}	16.9 [15.8-18.0]	13.5^{Footnote ↓} [10.5-16.5]	12.8 [9.7-15.8]	17.7 [14.5-21.0]	19.8 [16.0-23.6]	18.3 [16.0-20.7]	14.8 [12.8-16.9]	17.3 [14.4-20.2]	14.4 [11.5-17.3]	19.3 [16.4-22.1]	18.7 [15.9-21.5]
Any drug^{Footnote 3}	17.5^{Footnote ↓} [16.3-18.6]	13.8 [10.8-16.8]	13.1 [10.0-16.1]	18.4 [15.1-21.7]	20.3 [16.5-24.1]	19.3 [16.9-21.6]	15.4 [13.3-17.5]	17.5^{Footnote ↑} [14.7-20.4]	15.1 [12.2-18.1]	19.8 [17.0-22.7]	18.9 [16.1-21.7]
Drug related harms in past year^{Footnote 5}
Drug related harms in past year- all respondents^{Footnote 6}	4.5^{Footnote ↑} [3.7-5.3]	6.4^{Footnote ^} [3.3-9.5]	2.9^{Footnote ^} [1.1-4.7]	5.8 [3.2-8.3]	4.2^{Footnote ^} [1.9-6.4]	4.1 [2.6-5.7]	5.0 [3.3-6.8]	3.4^{Footnote ^} [1.8-5.1]	4.8^{Footnote ^} [2.8-6.8]	5.0^{Footnote ^} [3.0-7.0]	3.0^{Footnote ^} [1.5-4.4]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Cocaine/crack, speed/methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, heroin, salvia Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note 2 Cocaine/crack, amphetamines/methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants, salvia, synthetic cannabinoids, mephredone, kratom, other drugs to get high. Return to footnote 2 referrer Footnote Note 3 Cocaine/crack, amphetamines/methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, salvia, heroin, inhalants, synthetic cannabinoids, mephredone, kratom,BZP, other drugs to get high, problematic use of pain relievers, problematic use of stimulants, sedatives to get high. Return to footnote 3 referrer Footnote Note 4 Cocaine/crack, amphetamines/methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants, salvia, synthetic cannabinoids, mephredone, kratom, BZP/ TFMPP, other drugs to get high. Return to footnote 4 referrer Footnote Note 5 At least one of 9 harms to: physical health; mental health; friendships and social life; financial position; home life or marriage; work, studies, or employment opportunities; legal problems; difficulty learning; housing problems. Return to footnote 5 referrer Footnote Note 6 Asked of those who used any drug (cannabis, cocaine/crack, amphetamines/methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, salvia, heroin, inhalants, synthetic cannabinoids, mephredone, kratom, other drugs to get high, problematic use of pain relievers, problematic use of stimulants and sedatives to get high). Return to footnote 6 referrer Footnote Note - No observation. Return to footnote - referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ‡ Although an estimate may be determined from the table, data should be suppressed to ensure confidentiality. Return to ‡ referrer Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to ↑ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 17. Drug harms, by sex and age group, 2019
Drug related harms in past year^{Footnote 1}	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
Population estimate ('000)	30,995	15,293	15,702	2,132	2,267	26,597
Any drug harm to self - total population	4.5^{Footnote ↑} [3.7-5.3]	5.2 [3.9-6.4]	3.9 [2.8-4.9]	5.9^{Footnote ^} [1.7-10.1]	13.8 [8.3-19.3]	3.4 [2.7-4.1]
Any drug harm to self among users of any 6 drugs^{Footnote 2}	49.0 [39.8-58.2]	53.2^{Footnote *} [41.1-65.2]	43.5^{Footnote ↑},^{Footnote *} [29.6-57.4]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	41.7 [30.9-52.5]
Any drug harm to self among users of any 11 drugs^{Footnote 3}	47.8 [38.9-56.7]	52.2^{Footnote *} [40.6-63.8]	41.8^{Footnote *} [28.4-55.2]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	41.7 [31.3-52.0]
Any drug harm to self among those who have engaged in problematic use of any pharmaceuticals^{Footnote 4}	46.8^{Footnote *} [31.7-61.8]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	38.7^{Footnote *} [20.3-57.1]
Any drug harm to self among those who have used any 11 drugs/ problematic use of pharmaceuticals^{Footnote 5}	16.6 [13.8-19.4]	17.4 [13.4-21.4]	15.6 [11.6-19.5]	^{Footnote #}	27.2^{Footnote *} [17.4-37.0]	13.5^{Footnote ↑} [10.9-16.1]
Any drug harm to self among those who have used/engaged in problematic use of any drugs^{Footnote 6}	16.6 [13.8-19.4]	17.4 [13.4-21.4]	15.6 [11.6-19.5]	^{Footnote #}	27.2^{Footnote *} [17.4-37.0]	13.5^{Footnote ↑} [10.9-16.1]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 At least one of 9 harms to: physical health; mental health; friendships and social life; financial position; home life or marriage; work, studies, or employment opportunities; legal problems; difficulty learning; housing problems. Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note 2 Among those who have used any of 6 drugs (cocaine/crack, speed/methamphetamine, hallucinogens, salvia, ecstasy, heroin) in the past year. Drug related harms in the past year are due to any drug use. Users of any 6 drugs may also have used other drugs, including cannabis, or misused pharmaceuticals. Return to footnote 2 referrer Footnote Note 3 Cocaine/crack, amphetamines/methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, salvia, heroin, inhalants, synthetic cannabinoids, mephredone, kratom, other drugs). Drug related harms in the past year are due to any drug use. Users of any 11 drugs may also have used other drugs, including cannabis, or problematic use of pharmaceuticals. Return to footnote 3 referrer Footnote Note 4 Among those who have engaged in problematic use of pharmaceuticals (problematic use of pain killers [including low dose pain relievers], problematic use of stimulants, use of sedatives to get high) in the past year. Problematic users of pharmaceuticals may also have used illegal drugs and cannabis. Return to footnote 4 referrer Footnote Note 5 Among those who have used any drug (cannabis, cocaine/crack, speed/methamphetamine, hallucinogens, salvia, ecstasy, inhalants, heroin, abuse of pain killers [including low-dose pain relievers], abuse of stimulants, sedatives to get high) in the past year. Return to footnote 5 referrer Footnote Note 6 Among those who have used any drug (cannabis, cocaine/crack, amphetamines/methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, salvia, heroin, inhalants, synthetic cannabinoids, mephredone, kratom, BZP, other drugs, abuse of pain killers, abuse of stimulants, sedatives to get high) in the past year. Return to footnote 6 referrer Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to * referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ↑ Rounds up to whole number. Return to ↑ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 18. Drug overdose, by sex and age group, 2019
Overdose interventions^{Footnote 2}
N/A	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
Drug overdose - lifetime^{Footnote 1}	1.6 [1.1-2.1]	2.1 [1.2-3.0]	1.1 [0.7-1.6]	^{Footnote ‡}	3.9^{Footnote ^} [0.7-7.1]	1.2 [0.8-1.6]
Call for an ambulance or bring you to the hospital	41.0^{Footnote *} [25.1-56.9]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}
Place you in rescue position	23.3^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [8.4-38.2]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote #}
Someone performed CPR or administered naloxone	20.3^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [5.4-35.2]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote #}
Someone provided another kind of assistance	26.7^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [12.0-41.5]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote #}
Any kind of intervention during overdose^{Footnote 1}	72.1^{Footnote *} [57.8-86.4]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}
Naloxone
Obtained Naloxone kit - all respondents	1.8 [1.3-2.2]	1.7 [0.1-2.4]	1.8 [1.2-2.5]	^{Footnote ‡}	3.4^{Footnote ^} [0.5-6.3]	1.7 [1.2-2.2]
Obtained Naloxone kit - among opioid users^{Footnote 3}	3.5^{Footnote ↓} [1.8-5.2]	2.6^{Footnote ^} [0.8-4.3]	4.2^{Footnote ^} [1.6-6.8]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	3.7 [1.8-5.5]
Reasons for obtaining a naloxone kit among those who received Naloxone kit
In case of need for oneself	12.2^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [0.7-23.6]	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	9.4^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [0.0-20.2]
In case of need for someone else^{Footnote 4}	68.8^{Footnote *} [55.9-81.7]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	71.0^{Footnote *} [58.0-84.0]
Other reason	19.0^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [9.1-28.9]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	19.6^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [9.4-29.8]
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Asked of those who used pain relievers, stimulants, sedatives, cannabis, cocaine/crack, amphetamines/methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, heroin, salvia, inhalants, synthetic cannabinoids, mephredone, kratom, BZP, other drugs, or over-the-counter medications. Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note 2 Among those who reported experiencing an overdose involving pain relievers, stimulants, sedatives, cannabis, cocaine/crack, amphetamines/methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens heroin, salvia, inhalants, synthetic cannabinoids, mephedrone, kratom, other drugs, or over-the-counter medications. Return to footnote 2 referrer Footnote Note 3 Defined as users in the past 12 months of prescription opioid pain relievers (hydromorphone, Dilaudid, Hydromorph Contin, morphine, MS Contin, Demerol, oxycodone, fentanyl, codeine) or heroin. Return to footnote 3 referrer Footnote Note 4 Includes family, friend, or someone on the street or at a venue. Return to footnote 4 referrer Footnote Note - No observation. Return to footnote - referrer Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to * referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ‡ Although an estimate may be determined from the table, data should be suppressed to ensure confidentiality. Return to ‡ referrer Footnote Note ↓ Rounds down to whole number. Return to ↓ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 19. Drug overdose, by province, 2019
Lifetime
	Canada	NL	PE	NS	NB	QC	ON	MB	SK	AB	BC
Population estimate ('000)	30,995	440	130	813	635	7,089	12,253	1,044	893	3,558	4,140
Drug overdose^{Footnote 1}	1.6 [1.1-2.1]	^{Footnote ‡}	1.2^{Footnote ^} [0.2-2.1]	2.3^{Footnote ^} [0.6-4.0]	0.9^{Footnote ^} [0.1-1.8]	1.7^{Footnote ^} [0.6-2.8]	1.9^{Footnote ^} [0.9-3.0]	2.2^{Footnote ^} [0.9-3.5]	2.0^{Footnote ^} [0.4-3.5]	1.4^{Footnote ^} [0.1-2.6]	^{Footnote ‡}
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Asked of those who used pain relievers, stimulants, sedatives, cannabis, cocaine/crack, amphetamines/methamphetamine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, heroin, salvia, inhalants, synthetic cannabinoids, mephredone, kratom, BZP, other drugs, or over-the-counter medications. Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ‡ Although an estimate may be determined from the table, data should be suppressed to ensure confidentiality. Return to ‡ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 20. Received treatment for substance use, by sex and age group, 2019
N/A	Overall	Males	Females	15-19	20-24	25+
Received treatment^{Footnote 1} - lifetime	1.9 [1.5-2.4]	2.8 [2.1-3.5]	1.1 [0.7-1.5]	^{Footnote ‡}	3.8^{Footnote ^} [0.9-6.7]	1.9 [1.5-2.3]
Received treatment^{Footnote 1} - past year	20.4^{Footnote ^} [11.4-29.4]	25.2^{Footnote *},^{Footnote ^} [13.5-37.0]	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	18.7^{Footnote ^} [10.0-27.5]
Received treatment for alcohol issue only^{Footnote 2} - past year	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote #}
Recieved treatment for drug issue only^{Footnote 2} - past year	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote #}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote -}	^{Footnote ‡}	^{Footnote #}
[95% confidence intervals in brackets] Footnote Note 1 Received professional help (treatment or counselling given by doctors, counsellors, social workers or other health professionals) among those who reported using alcohol or drugs in their lifetime and receiving profesional help in their lifetime. Return to footnote 1 referrer Footnote Note 2 Among those who have ever received professional help for their alcohol or drug use. Return to footnote 2 referrer Footnote Note - No observation. Return to footnote - referrer Footnote Note * Estimates and confidence intervals are of marginal quality due to high sampling variability, and should be used with caution. Return to * referrer Footnote Note # Estimates do not meet quality standards - conclusions based on these data will be unreliable, and may be invalid. Return to # referrer Footnote Note ^ Although 5 or more observations contribute to the numerator, the number of observations was below 30. Return to ^ referrer Footnote Note ‡ Although an estimate may be determined from the table, data should be suppressed to ensure confidentiality. Return to ‡ referrer Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

Table 21. Description of the sample, Canada, 2019
N/A	Canada	NL	PE	NS	NB	QC	ON	MB	SK	AB	BC
Male	4,669	312	349	402	405	640	738	436	414	506	467
Female	5,624	432	478	489	498	792	900	518	491	477	549
15-19	272	19	23	14	16	26	51	35	31	32	25
20-24	319	14	23	32	20	49	57	41	25	27	31
25+	9,702	711	781	845	867	1,357	1,530	878	849	924	960
25-34	1,196	73	82	86	85	161	194	129	125	141	120
35-44	1,619	114	97	126	125	242	246	152	157	198	162
45-54	1,518	127	127	131	138	219	252	123	126	137	138
55+	5,369	397	475	502	519	735	838	474	441	448	540
Total	10,293	744	827	891	903	1,432	1,638	954	905	983	1,016
Source: Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey, June - December 2019.

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