Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada
Appendix A - Acronyms and Abbreviations
2,4-D
2,4-DCP
ACGIH
ADI
AI
AM
As
ATSDR
BDE
BHC
BPA
BSEF
CASRN
CCME
Cd
CDC
CEC
CEPA 1999
CHMS
CI
CIR
CTQ
Cu
DDE
DDT
DDVP
DEDTP
DEP
DETP
DHHS
DMDTP
DMP
DMTP
EAR
ECB
EFSA
EI
EPA
ESIS
FIMS
GM
GC-MS
GC-MS-MS
HCB
HCH
Hg
HPV
IARC
ICP-MS
INAC
INSPQ
IOM
IPCS
IUPAC
LFS
LOD
LRTAP
MAC
MEC
MMT
Mn
Mo
MRL
MRM
MS
NCI
ND
NHANES
Ni
NIOSH
NLM
NOAEL
NRCan
NTP
NTP-CERHR
OECD
Pb
PBB
PBDE
PCB
PFHxS
PFOA
PFOS
PMRA
POP
PSL
pTDI
PVC
RDA
SAS
Sb
Se
SIM
TDI
TDS
UL
UNECE
UNEP
UPLC
US EPA
US FDA
V
WHO
Zn
γ-HCH
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-dichlorophenol
American Conference on Governmental Industrial Hygienists
acceptable daily intake
adequate intake
arithmetic mean
arsenic
Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
brominated diphenyl ethers
benzenehexachloride
bisphenol A
Bromine Science and Environmental Forum
Chemical Abstract Services Registry Number
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment
cadmium
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Commission for Environmental Cooperation
Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999
Canadian Health Measures Survey
confidence interval
Cosmetic Ingredient Review
Centre de Toxicologie du Québec
copper
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
dichlorvos
diethyldithiophosphate
diethyl phosphate
diethylthiophosphate
Department of Health and Human Services (United States)
dimethyldithiophosphate
dimethylphosphate
dimethylthiophosphate
estimated average requirement
European Chemicals Bureau
European Food Safety Authority
electronic impact
Environmental Protection Agency
European Chemical Substances Information System
Flow Injection Mercury System
geometric mean
gas chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometer
gas chromatograph coupled to tandem mass spectrometer
hexachlorobenzene
hexachlorocyclohexane
mercury
High Production Volume
International Agency for Research on Cancer
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
Institut national de santé publique du Québec
Institute of Medicine
International Programme on Chemical Safety
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Labour Force Survey
limit of detection
Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
maximum acceptable concentration
mobile examination centre
methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl
manganese
molybdenum
maximum residue limit
multiple reaction monitoring
mass spectrometer
National Cancer Institute
not detected
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (United States)
nickel
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
National Library of Medicine
No Observed Adverse Effects Level
Natural Resources Canada
National Toxicology Program
National Toxicology Program - Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
lead
polybrominated biphenyl
polybrominated diphenyl ether
polychlorinated biphenyl
perfluorohexane sulfonate
perfluorooctanoic acid
perfluorooctane sulfonate
Pest Management Regulatory Agency
persistent organic pollutant
Priority Substances List
provisional tolerable daily intake
polyvinyl chloride
recommended dietary allowance
Statistical Analysis System
antimony
selenium
single ion monitoring
tolerable daily intake
Total Diet Study
Upper Intake Levels
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
United Nations Environment Programme
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography
United States Environmental Protection Agency
United States Food and Drug Administration
vanadium
World Health Organization
zinc
lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane)
Appendix B - Limits of Detection for the Environmental Chemicals Measured in the CHMS
Laboratory analyses of environmental chemicals and creatinine were performed at the human toxicology laboratory of the Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec City. The INSPQ followed standardized operating procedures that were developed for every assay and technique performed in its laboratory. The laboratory is accredited under ISO 17025. For this report, the limit of detection (LOD) is defined as the lowest level that can be reasonably achieved within specified limits of precision and accuracy within routine laboratory operating conditions. Laboratory analysis of serum lipids was performed at the Health Canada laboratories, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrition Research Division, Ottawa. Limits of detection for triglycerides and total cholesterol are defined as the low end of the manufacturer's stated dynamic range for the method.
| Arsenic | 0.23 µg/L |
|---|---|
| Cadmium | 0.04 µg/L |
| Copper | 0.64 µg/L |
| Lead | 0.02 µg/dL |
| Manganese | 0.05 µg/L |
| Mercury, total | 0.10 µg/L |
| Mercury, inorganic | 0.40 µg/L |
| Molybdenum | 0.09 µg/L |
| Nickel | 0.35 µg/L |
| Selenium | 7.89 µg/L |
| Uranium | 0.005 µg/L |
| Zinc | 0.65 µg/L |
| Antimony | 0.02 µg/L |
|---|---|
| Arsenic | 0.52 µg/L |
| Cadmium | 0.09 µg/L |
| Copper | 0.32 µg/L |
| Lead | 0.10 µg/L |
| Manganese | 0.05 µg/L |
| Mercury, inorganic | 0.10 µg/L |
| Molybdenum | 0.09 µg/L |
| Nickel | 0.17 µg/L |
| Selenium | 6.32 µg/L |
| Uranium | 0.009 µg/L |
| Vanadium | 0.10 µg/L |
| Zinc | 13.10 µg/L |
| Aldrin | 0.01 µg/L |
|---|---|
| α-Chlordane | 0.01 µg/L |
| γ-Chlordane | 0.005 µg/L |
| cis-Nonachlor | 0.005 µg/L |
| trans-Nonachlor | 0.01 µg/L |
| Oxychlordane | 0.005 µg/L |
| p,p'-DDT | 0.05 µg/L |
| p,p'-DDE | 0.09 µg/L |
| HCB | 0.04 µg/L |
| β-HCH | 0.01 µg/L |
| γ- HCH | 0.01 µg/L |
| Mirex | 0.01 µg/L |
| Toxaphene parlar 26 | 0.005 µg/L |
| Toxaphene parlar 50 | 0.005 µg/L |
| PCB 28 | 0.05 µg/L |
|---|---|
| PCB 52 | 0.30 µg/L |
| PCB 66 | 0.03 µg/L |
| PCB 74 | 0.03 µg/L |
| PCB 99 | 0.03 µg/L |
| PCB 101 | 0.03 µg/L |
| PCB 105 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 118 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 128 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 138 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 146 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 153 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 156 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 163 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 167 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 170 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 178 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 180 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 183 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 187 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 194 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 201 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 203 | 0.01 µg/L |
| PCB 206 | 0.01 µg/L |
| Aroclor 1260* | 0.01 µg/L |
| * Calculated value based on PCB 153 and PCB 138 | |
| PBB 153 | 0.02 µg/L |
|---|---|
| PBDE 15 | 0.03 µg/L |
| PBDE 17 | 0.03 µg/L |
| PBDE 25 | 0.03 µg/L |
| PBDE 28 | 0.03 µg/L |
| PBDE 33 | 0.03 µg/L |
| PBDE 47 | 0.03 µg/L |
| PBDE 99 | 0.02 µg/L |
| PBDE 100 | 0.02 µg/L |
| PBDE 153 | 0.02 µg/L |
| PFOS | 0.3 µg/L |
|---|---|
| PFOA | 0.3 µg/L |
| PFHxS | 0.3 µg/L |
| Bisphenol A | 0.2 µg/L |
|---|
| DMP | 1.0 µg/L |
|---|---|
| DMTP | 0.6 µg/L |
| DMDTP | 0.3 µg/L |
| DEP | 1.0 µg/L |
| DETP | 0.6 µg/L |
| DEDTP | 0.3 µg/L |
| 4-F-3-PBA | 0.008 µg/L |
|---|---|
| cis-DBCA | 0.006 µg/L |
| cis-DCCA | 0.007 µg/L |
| trans-DCCA | 0.01 µg/L |
| 3-PBA | 0.01 µg/L |
| 2,4-D | 1.0 µg/L |
|---|
| 2,4-DCP | 0.3 µg/L |
|---|
| Cotinine | 1.1 µg/L |
|---|
| Creatinine | 0.31 mmol/L (0.035 µg/L) |
|---|---|
| Triglycerides | 0.11 mmol/L (0.0974 g/L) |
| Total Cholesterol | 1.29 mmol/L (0.4987 g/L) |
Appendix C - Conversion Factors
| Unit | Abbreviation | Value |
|---|---|---|
| litre | L | -- |
| decilitre | dL | 10-1 L |
| millilitre | mL | 10-3 L |
| microlitre | µL | 10-6 L |
| gram | g | -- |
| milligram | mg | 10-3 g |
| microgram | µg | 10-6 g |
| nanogram | ng | 10-9 g |
| picogram | pg | 10-12 g |
Data can be converted from µg/L to µmol/L using the molecular weight (MW) of the chemical using the formula:
| MW (g/mol) |
CF (µg/L → µmol/L) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Metals and Trace Elements | ||
| Antimony | 121.76 | 0.00821 |
| Arsenic | 74.92 | 0.01335 |
| Cadmium | 112.41 | 0.00890 |
| Copper | 63.55 | 0.01574 |
| Lead | 207.20 | 0.00483 |
| Manganese | 54.94 | 0.01820 |
| Mercury | 200.59 | 0.00499 |
| Molybdenum | 95.94 | 0.01042 |
| Nickel | 58.69 | 0.01704 |
| Selenium | 78.96 | 0.01266 |
| Uranium | 238.03 | 0.00420 |
| Vanadium | 50.94 | 0.01963 |
| Zinc | 65.39 | 0.01529 |
| Organochlorine | ||
| Aldrin | 364.91 | 0.00274 |
| α-Chlordane | 409.78 | 0.00244 |
| γ-Chlordane | 409.78 | 0.00244 |
| cis-Nonachlor | 444.22 | 0.00225 |
| trans-Nonachlor | 444.22 | 0.00225 |
| Oxychlordane | 423.76 | 0.00236 |
| β-HCH | 290.83 | 0.00344 |
| γ-HCH | 290.83 | 0.00344 |
| p,p'-DDT | 354.49 | 0.00282 |
| p,p'-DDE | 318.03 | 0.00314 |
| HCB | 284.78 | 0.00351 |
| Mirex | 545.54 | 0.00183 |
| Parlar 26 | 170.68 | 0.00586 |
| Parlar 50 | 170.68 | 0.00586 |
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls | ||
| PCB 28 | 257.54 | 0.00388 |
| PCB 52 | 291.99 | 0.00342 |
| PCB 66 | 291.99 | 0.00342 |
| PCB 74 | 291.99 | 0.00342 |
| PCB 99 | 326.44 | 0.00306 |
| PCB 101 | 326.44 | 0.00306 |
| PCB 105 | 326.44 | 0.00306 |
| PCB 118 | 326.44 | 0.00306 |
| PCB 128 | 360.88 | 0.00277 |
| PCB 138 | 360.88 | 0.00277 |
| PCB 146 | 360.88 | 0.00277 |
| PCB 153 | 360.88 | 0.00277 |
| PCB 156 | 360.88 | 0.00277 |
| PCB 163 | 360.88 | 0.00277 |
| PCB 167 | 360.88 | 0.00277 |
| PCB 170 | 395.33 | 0.00253 |
| PCB 178 | 395.33 | 0.00253 |
| PCB 180 | 395.33 | 0.00253 |
| PCB 183 | 395.33 | 0.00253 |
| PCB 187 | 395.33 | 0.00253 |
| PCB 194 | 429.77 | 0.00233 |
| PCB 201 | 429.77 | 0.00233 |
| PCB 203 | 429.77 | 0.00233 |
| PCB 206 | 464.21 | 0.00215 |
| Aroclor 1260 | n/a | -- |
| Polybrominated Flame Retardants | ||
| PBB 153 | 627.59 | 0.00159 |
| PBDE 15 | 328.00 | 0.00305 |
| PBDE 17 | 406.90 | 0.00246 |
| PBDE 25 | 406.90 | 0.00246 |
| PBDE 28 | 406.90 | 0.00246 |
| PBDE 33 | 406.90 | 0.00246 |
| PBDE 47 | 485.79 | 0.00206 |
| PBDE 99 | 564.69 | 0.00206 |
| PBDE 100 | 564.69 | 0.00177 |
| PBDE 153 | 643.59 | 0.00155 |
| Perfluorinated Compounds | ||
| PFOS | 500.13 | 0.00200 |
| PFOA | 414.07 | 0.00242 |
| PFHxS | 400.11 | 0.00250 |
| Environmental Phenol | ||
| Bisphenol A | 228.29 | 0.00438 |
| Organophosphate Insecticides (metabolites) | ||
| DMP | 126.05 | 0.00793 |
| DMTP | 142.11 | 0.00704 |
| DMDTP | 158.18 | 0.00632 |
| DEP | 154.10 | 0.00649 |
| DETP | 170.17 | 0.00588 |
| DEDTP | 186.24 | 0.00537 |
| Pyrethroid Insecticides (metabolites) | ||
| 4-F-3-PBA | 232.21 | 0.00431 |
| cis-DBCA | 297.97 | 0.00336 |
| cis-DCCA | 209.07 | 0.00478 |
| trans-DCCA | 209.07 | 0.00478 |
| 3-PBA | 214.22 | 0.00467 |
| Phenoxy Herbicide | ||
| 2,4-D | 221.04 | 0.00452 |
| Chlorophenol | ||
| 2,4-DCP | 163.00 | 0.00613 |
| Tobacco | ||
| Cotinine | 176.22 | 0.00567 |
| Adjustment Factor | ||
| Creatinine | 113.118 | 0.008840 |
Appendix D - Creatinine
Creatinine
| n | %<LODa | A.M. 95%CI |
G.M. 95%CI |
10th 95%CI |
25th 95%CI |
50th 95%CI |
75th 95%CI |
90th 95%CI |
95th 95%CI |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, age 6-79 |
5515 | 0.22 | 108.34 | 82.97 | 27.33 | 50.63 | 93.10 | 148.53 | 214.03 | 251.21 |
| 104.11 - 112.57 | 77.71 - 88.60 | 23.80 - 30.86 | 44.88 - 56.37 | 86.06 - 100.14 | 142.93 - 154.12 | 204.36 - 223.70 | 242.66 - 259.76 | |||
| 6-11 | 1042 | 0.29 | 82.12 | 65.63 | 24.14 | 44.01 | 74.64 | 109.80 | 148.54 | 174.80 |
| 77.05 - 87.18 | 60.04 - 71.74 | 18.88 - 29.39 | 36.46 - 51.55 | 67.53 - 81.74 | 102.55 - 117.04 | 137.32 - 159.76 | 164.43 - 185.17 | |||
| 12-19 | 992 | 0.10 | 143.12 | 115.29 | 38.82 | 79.38 | 132.88 | 189.44 | 260.41 | 298.65 |
| 132.29 - 153.96 | 105.04 - 126.54 | 30.15 - 47.49 | 65.02 - 93.73 | 121.50 - 144.26 | 176.22 - 202.65 | 229.96 - 290.86 | 260.88 - 336.43 | |||
| 20-39 | 1172 | 0.34 | 117.69 | 90.01 | 29.50 | 56.21 | 101.06 | 161.77 | 230.05 | 279.35 |
| 109.65 - 125.73 | 80.85 - 100.20 | 22.43 - 36.56 | 46.71 - 65.72 | 89.47 - 112.65 | 153.38 - 170.16 | 216.96 - 243.15 | 254.11 - 304.59 | |||
| 40-59 | 1221 | 0.25 | 103.36 | 78.23 | 23.79 | 45.62 | 86.76 | 146.48 | 209.06 | 243.92 |
| 99.02 - 107.70 | 73.30 - 83.49 | 18.84 - 28.73 | 38.66 - 52.58 | 76.74 - 96.78 | 138.92 - 154.04 | 188.48 - 229.65 | 230.90 - 256.95 | |||
| 60-79 | 1088 | 0.09 | 89.44 | 71.54 | 26.42 | 44.37 | 81.15 | 120.57 | 159.51 | 197.86 |
| 85.18 - 93.70 | 67.88 - 75.39 | 21.84 - 31.00 | 39.36 - 49.37 | 77.15 - 85.14 | 111.72 - 129.41 | 148.84 - 170.19 | 171.84 - 223.88 | |||
| Males | ||||||||||
| Total, age 6-79 |
2663 | 0.26 | 126.15 | 101.40 | 36.22 | 66.85 | 113.52 | 167.93 | 235.03 | 269.93 |
| 122.21 - 130.09 | 96.55 - 106.51 | 28.57 - 43.86 | 60.22 - 73.48 | 107.32 - 119.73 | 157.45 - 178.40 | 222.69 - 247.36 | 256.90 - 282.95 | |||
| 6-11 | 526 | 0.38 | 82.00 | 66.41 | 24.69 | 46.87 | 73.41 | 109.87 | 143.40 | 172.15 |
| 74.22 - 89.78 | 56.83 - 77.60 | 15.03 - 34.34 | 36.33 - 57.42 | 64.73 - 82.08 | 99.05 - 120.68 | 132.45 - 154.34 | 162.30 - 182.01 | |||
| 12-19 | 505 | 0.20 | 142.56 | 118.31 | 44.94 | 87.54 | 132.04 | 187.92 | 241.16 | 285.28 |
| 131.50 - 153.61 | 107.49 - 130.22 | 31.36 - 58.52 | 73.46 - 101.62 | 118.48 - 145.60 | 170.60 - 205.24 | 216.11 - 266.20 | 255.60 - 314.96 | |||
| 20-39 | 515 | 0.39 | 139.03 | 109.01 | 33.86 | 73.83 | 125.18 | 194.84 | 269.25 | 295.30 |
| 127.04 - 151.03 | 95.14 - 124.89 | 17.28 - 50.44 | 60.51 - 87.15 | 108.90 - 141.46 | 168.23 - 221.46 | 238.27 - 300.24 | 278.48 - 312.11 | |||
| 40-59 | 575 | 0.35 | 126.43 | 102.06 | 36.05 | 64.57 | 115.01 | 172.33 | 241.84 | 253.22 |
| 117.70 - 135.17 | 95.68 - 108.86 | 27.34 - 44.75 | 57.80 - 71.34 | 101.60 - 128.41 | 142.48 - 202.18 | 219.09 - 264.60 | 244.08 - 262.36 | |||
| 60-79 | 542 | 0.00 | 109.48 | 94.86 | 43.04 | 69.84 | 102.64 | 141.58 | 178.55 | 213.98 |
| 100.68 - 118.27 | 87.46 - 102.88 | 37.65 - 48.43 | 61.05 - 78.62 | 89.07 - 116.22 | 127.48 - 155.69 | 147.59 - 209.50 | 196.84 - 231.12 | |||
| Females | ||||||||||
| Total, age 6-79 |
2852 | 0.18 | 90.68 | 68.01 | 22.17 | 39.35 | 75.23 | 124.23 | 180.93 | 217.01 |
| 84.48 - 96.89 | 62.19 - 74.37 | 18.83 - 25.52 | 33.80 - 44.89 | 66.22 - 84.25 | 114.62 - 133.84 | 167.37 - 194.49 | 202.07 - 231.95 | |||
| 6-11 | 516 | 0.19 | 82.25 | 64.82 | 22.53 | 40.71 | 76.43 | 109.60 | 154.46 | 179.52 |
| 75.75 - 88.75 | 58.97 - 71.26 | 17.23 - 27.83 | 32.60 - 48.82 | 65.52 - 87.35 | 99.91 - 119.29 | 136.14 - 172.78 | 158.32 - 200.72 | |||
| 12-19 | 487 | 0.00 | 143.73 | 112.11 | 36.32 | 73.07 | 133.79 | 192.41 | 262.21 | 316.25 |
| 128.87 - 158.60 | 97.50 - 128.91 | 23.33 - 49.31 | 51.06 - 95.08 | 120.42 - 147.16 | 169.62 - 215.21 | 220.23 - 304.19 | 264.72 - 367.77 | |||
| 20-39 | 657 | 0.30 | 96.37 | 74.33 | 25.15 | 47.47 | 80.17 | 130.95 | 186.87 | 222.17 |
| 89.26 - 103.48 | 66.85 - 82.65 | 19.27 - 31.03 | 40.20 - 54.74 | 67.76 - 92.57 | 118.04 - 143.85 | 174.77 - 198.98 | 203.29 - 241.06 | |||
| 40-59 | 646 | 0.15 | 80.60 | 60.18 | 19.75 | 32.09 | 66.00 | 117.06 | 160.73 | 193.86 |
| 73.23 - 87.98 | 53.73 - 67.40 | 15.89 - 23.60 | 23.60 - 40.59 | 54.17 - 77.83 | 106.72 - 127.41 | 141.31 - 180.15 | 172.23 - 215.50 | |||
| 60-79 | 546 | 0.18 | 71.16 | 55.30 | 20.23 | 34.97 | 55.87 | 93.61 | 135.73 | 161.60 |
| 64.36 - 77.96 | 49.20 - 62.17 | 15.25 - 25.21 | 28.13 - 41.81 | 47.21 - 64.52 | 85.78 - 101.44 | 122.84 - 148.63 | 147.03 - 176.18 | |||
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