Second Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada - Tables 8.1.1 to 8.19.9

Table 8.1.1: Antimony -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a1 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a1 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a1 footnotes Table a1 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a1 footnote a referrer Table a1 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a1 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5492	22.40	0.042 (0.040 - 0.045)	<LOD	0.043 (0.040 - 0.045)	0.079 (0.074 - 0.083)	0.18 (0.17 - 0.19)
2	5738	19.90	0.048 (0.046 - 0.050)	<LOD	0.045 (0.043 - 0.048)	0.087 (0.081 - 0.092)	0.19 (0.16 - 0.22)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2662	15.63	0.051 (0.048 - 0.054)	<LOD	0.051 (0.047 - 0.055)	0.092 (0.084 - 0.099)	0.19 (0.17 - 0.22)
2	2746	15.51	0.054 (0.051 - 0.058)	<LOD	0.052 (0.047 - 0.057)	0.098 (0.089 - 0.11)	0.23^E (0.14 - 0.31)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2830	28.76	0.035 (0.032 - 0.038)	<LOD	0.035 (0.032 - 0.039)	0.068 (0.064 - 0.071)	0.16 (0.14 - 0.19)
2	2992	23.93	0.042 (0.040 - 0.045)	<LOD	0.039 (0.035 - 0.042)	0.077 (0.069 - 0.086)	0.16 (0.14 - 0.18)

Table 8.1.2: Antimony -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations ( μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a2 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a2 footnotes Table a2 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a2 footnote a referrer Table a2 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a2 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a2 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6311	20.00	0.048 (0.046 - 0.050)	<LOD	0.045 (0.043 - 0.048)	0.087 (0.081 - 0.092)	0.19 (0.16 - 0.22)
3-5 years
1^{Table a2 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	573	20.94	0.052 (0.046 - 0.059)	<LOD	0.051 (0.040 - 0.063)	0.087 (0.073 - 0.10)	0.18 (0.12 - 0.24)
6-11 years
1	1034	17.99	0.048 (0.044 - 0.054)	<LOD	0.051 (0.047 - 0.055)	0.084 (0.076 - 0.091)	0.18 (0.14 - 0.21)
2	1062	13.56	0.057 (0.051 - 0.063)	<LOD	0.056 (0.049 - 0.064)	0.090 (0.078 - 0.10)	0.18 (0.13 - 0.23)
12-19 years
1	983	12.92	0.059 (0.053 - 0.065)	<LOD	0.065 (0.058 - 0.073)	0.098 (0.090 - 0.11)	0.19 (0.16 - 0.23)
2	1041	14.22	0.061 (0.054 - 0.069)	<LOD	0.066 (0.059 - 0.072)	0.10 (0.092 - 0.11)	0.20 (0.17 - 0.24)
20-39 years
1	1169	25.66	0.042 (0.038 - 0.047)	<LOD	0.043 (0.038 - 0.048)	0.081 (0.074 - 0.089)	0.19 (0.15 - 0.23)
2	1321	21.73	0.050 (0.045 - 0.056)	<LOD	0.046 (0.042 - 0.051)	0.089 (0.079 - 0.10)	0.20^E (0.083 - 0.31)
40-59 years
1	1223	27.80	0.040 (0.037 - 0.042)	<LOD	0.040 (0.037 - 0.043)	0.074 (0.070 - 0.078)	0.18 (0.15 - 0.20)
2	1228	23.62	0.045 (0.041 - 0.049)	<LOD	0.041 (0.034 - 0.049)	0.082 (0.074 - 0.091)	0.22 (0.18 - 0.25)
60-79 years
1	1083	25.58	0.036 (0.034 - 0.038)	<LOD	0.035 (0.033 - 0.038)	0.066 (0.060 - 0.072)	0.14 (0.11 - 0.16)
2	1086	25.14	0.040 (0.037 - 0.044)	<LOD	0.037 (0.034 - 0.040)	0.073 (0.065 - 0.081)	0.16 (0.13 - 0.19)

Table 8.1.3: Antimony -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a3 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a3 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a3 footnotes Table a3 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a3 footnote a referrer Table a3 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a3 footnote b referrer Table a3 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a3 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a3 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3036	15.55	0.055 (0.051 - 0.058)	<LOD	0.052 (0.047 - 0.057)	0.097 (0.089 - 0.11)	0.23 (0.15 - 0.30)
Males, 6-11 years
1	524	14.12	0.052 (0.043 - 0.063)	<LOD	0.053 (0.046 - 0.060)	0.088 (0.073 - 0.10)	0.18 (0.13 - 0.23)
2	532	11.65	0.056 (0.048 - 0.065)	<LOD^E (<LOD - 0.022)	0.054 (0.044 - 0.064)	0.080 (0.063 - 0.098)	0.17^E (0.079 - 0.25)
Males, 12-19 years
1	505	8.51	0.065 (0.058 - 0.074)	0.021^E (<LOD - 0.029)	0.068 (0.059 - 0.078)	0.099 (0.089 - 0.11)	0.20 (0.14 - 0.27)
2	542	11.81	0.068 (0.058 - 0.079)	F	0.071 (0.057 - 0.085)	0.11 (0.089 - 0.14)	0.21 (0.14 - 0.29)
Males, 20-39 years
1	514	18.68	0.049 (0.042 - 0.057)	<LOD	0.051 (0.041 - 0.060)	0.093 (0.079 - 0.11)	0.19 (0.14 - 0.24)
2	551	16.15	0.059 (0.051 - 0.068)	<LOD	0.056 (0.045 - 0.067)	0.10 (0.083 - 0.13)	0.33^E (0.14 - 0.52)
Males, 40-59 years
1	578	18.34	0.051 (0.047 - 0.055)	<LOD	0.048 (0.044 - 0.053)	0.094 (0.083 - 0.11)	0.20 (0.15 - 0.26)
2	616	16.88	0.052 (0.045 - 0.061)	<LOD	0.050 (0.040 - 0.059)	0.097 (0.079 - 0.11)	0.24^E (0.15 - 0.34)
Males, 60-79 years
1	541	17.93	0.046 (0.041 - 0.051)	<LOD	0.045 (0.039 - 0.051)	0.079 (0.070 - 0.088)	0.16 (0.12 - 0.20)
2	505	21.19	0.045 (0.040 - 0.050)	<LOD	0.042 (0.038 - 0.046)	0.088 (0.076 - 0.10)	0.16 (0.13 - 0.18)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a3 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3275	24.12	0.042 (0.040 - 0.045)	<LOD	0.039 (0.036 - 0.042)	0.077 (0.069 - 0.085)	0.16 (0.14 - 0.19)
Females, 6-11 years
1	510	21.96	0.045 (0.041 - 0.049)	<LOD	0.049 (0.044 - 0.054)	0.079 (0.072 - 0.086)	0.17 (0.13 - 0.21)
2	530	15.47	0.057 (0.052 - 0.064)	<LOD	0.060 (0.050 - 0.069)	0.095 (0.080 - 0.11)	0.19^E (0.12 - 0.25)
Females, 12-19 years
1	478	17.57	0.052 (0.047 - 0.058)	<LOD	0.059 (0.051 - 0.067)	0.094 (0.077 - 0.11)	0.19 (0.15 - 0.24)
2	499	16.83	0.055 (0.047 - 0.063)	<LOD	0.064 (0.055 - 0.073)	0.094 (0.088 - 0.10)	0.18 (0.15 - 0.20)
Females, 20-39 years
1	655	31.15	0.037 (0.033 - 0.041)	<LOD	0.036 (0.031 - 0.042)	0.071 (0.063 - 0.080)	0.18^E (0.11 - 0.25)
2	770	25.71	0.043 (0.038 - 0.049)	<LOD	0.041 (0.035 - 0.046)	0.081 (0.064 - 0.097)	0.15 (0.12 - 0.18)
Females, 40-59 years
1	645	36.28	0.031 (0.027 - 0.036)	<LOD	0.030 (0.024 - 0.035)	0.058 (0.049 - 0.067)	0.15 (0.13 - 0.17)
2	612	30.39	0.039 (0.035 - 0.043)	<LOD	0.034 (0.029 - 0.038)	0.068 (0.051 - 0.085)	0.16 (0.12 - 0.20)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	33.21	0.029 (0.026 - 0.032)	<LOD	0.028 (0.024 - 0.031)	0.049 (0.042 - 0.056)	0.12 (0.098 - 0.14)
2	581	28.57	0.036 (0.032 - 0.041)	<LOD	0.033 (0.028 - 0.038)	0.064 (0.051 - 0.078)	0.16 (0.11 - 0.22)

Table 8.1.4: Antimony (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a4 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a4 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a4 footnotes Table a4 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a4 footnote a referrer Table a4 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a4 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5479	22.45	0.053 (0.051 - 0.056)	<LOD	0.050 (0.048 - 0.053)	0.074 (0.070 - 0.078)	0.16 (0.14 - 0.18)
2	5719	19.97	0.045 (0.042 - 0.047)	<LOD	0.043 (0.041 - 0.045)	0.067 (0.064 - 0.070)	0.15 (0.13 - 0.18)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2653	15.68	0.052 (0.049 - 0.055)	<LOD	0.049 (0.046 - 0.052)	0.074 (0.068 - 0.079)	0.15 (0.12 - 0.19)
2	2739	15.55	0.043 (0.041 - 0.046)	<LOD	0.042 (0.038 - 0.045)	0.065 (0.062 - 0.069)	0.15 (0.12 - 0.18)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2826	28.80	0.055 (0.052 - 0.059)	<LOD	0.052 (0.049 - 0.055)	0.075 (0.069 - 0.080)	0.16 (0.13 - 0.19)
2	2980	24.03	0.046 (0.043 - 0.050)	<LOD	0.044 (0.042 - 0.047)	0.068 (0.062 - 0.075)	0.16 (0.13 - 0.20)

Table 8.1.5: Antimony (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a5 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a5 footnotes Table a5 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a5 footnote a referrer Table a5 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a5 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a5 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6291	20.06	0.046 (0.043 - 0.048)	<LOD	0.044 (0.042 - 0.046)	0.069 (0.065 - 0.073)	0.16 (0.14 - 0.19)
3-5 years
1^{Table a5 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	572	20.98	0.089 (0.079 - 0.10)	<LOD	0.085 (0.073 - 0.097)	0.13 (0.12 - 0.14)	0.32^E (0.18 - 0.47)
6-11 years
1	1031	18.04	0.077 (0.072 - 0.082)	<LOD	0.074 (0.069 - 0.078)	0.10 (0.095 - 0.11)	0.21 (0.16 - 0.27)
2	1058	13.61	0.064 (0.058 - 0.071)	<LOD	0.060 (0.053 - 0.067)	0.090 (0.079 - 0.10)	0.19^E (0.12 - 0.26)
12-19 years
1	982	12.93	0.052 (0.049 - 0.056)	<LOD	0.049 (0.045 - 0.053)	0.070 (0.064 - 0.075)	0.12 (0.094 - 0.14)
2	1039	14.24	0.045 (0.042 - 0.050)	<LOD	0.045 (0.042 - 0.048)	0.066 (0.060 - 0.073)	0.12 (0.094 - 0.14)
20-39 years
1	1165	25.75	0.050 (0.046 - 0.054)	<LOD	0.047 (0.045 - 0.049)	0.070 (0.064 - 0.076)	0.16 (0.13 - 0.20)
2	1319	21.76	0.041 (0.038 - 0.046)	<LOD	0.039 (0.037 - 0.040)	0.061 (0.055 - 0.068)	0.16^E (0.088 - 0.24)
40-59 years
1	1218	27.91	0.054 (0.050 - 0.057)	<LOD	0.051 (0.048 - 0.054)	0.073 (0.067 - 0.079)	0.16 (0.14 - 0.19)
2	1223	23.71	0.043 (0.040 - 0.046)	<LOD	0.042 (0.040 - 0.045)	0.065 (0.059 - 0.070)	0.15 (0.12 - 0.18)
60-79 years
1	1083	25.58	0.053 (0.050 - 0.056)	<LOD	0.050 (0.047 - 0.053)	0.074 (0.070 - 0.079)	0.14 (0.12 - 0.16)
2	1080	25.28	0.047 (0.044 - 0.051)	<LOD	0.047 (0.044 - 0.050)	0.071 (0.064 - 0.077)	0.16 (0.13 - 0.18)

Table 8.1.6: Antimony (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a6 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a6 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a6 footnotes Table a6 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a6 footnote a referrer Table a6 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a6 footnote b referrer Table a6 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a6 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a6 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3028	15.59	0.044 (0.042 - 0.047)	<LOD	0.043 (0.040 - 0.046)	0.067 (0.063 - 0.071)	0.15 (0.11 - 0.19)
Males, 6-11 years
1	522	14.18	0.081 (0.075 - 0.087)	<LOD	0.077 (0.071 - 0.083)	0.11 (0.096 - 0.11)	0.23^E (0.11 - 0.36)
2	530	11.70	0.061 (0.052 - 0.071)	<LOD (<LOD - 0.039)	0.059 (0.051 - 0.067)	0.085 (0.072 - 0.099)	0.15^E (0.092 - 0.21)
Males, 12-19 years
1	504	8.53	0.056 (0.052 - 0.060)	0.030 (<LOD - 0.033)	0.055 (0.051 - 0.060)	0.073 (0.068 - 0.079)	0.12 (0.096 - 0.14)
2	541	11.83	0.046 (0.040 - 0.052)	<LOD (<LOD - 0.029)	0.045 (0.040 - 0.050)	0.068 (0.057 - 0.079)	0.13 (0.099 - 0.17)
Males, 20-39 years
1	512	18.75	0.046 (0.042 - 0.052)	<LOD	0.041 (0.035 - 0.048)	0.066 (0.056 - 0.076)	0.16 (0.12 - 0.21)
2	550	16.18	0.041 (0.035 - 0.048)	<LOD	0.037 (0.032 - 0.042)	0.063 (0.051 - 0.074)	0.16^E (0.067 - 0.25)
Males, 40-59 years
1	574	18.47	0.052 (0.048 - 0.055)	<LOD	0.051 (0.046 - 0.055)	0.072 (0.065 - 0.079)	0.16 (0.11 - 0.21)
2	615	16.91	0.042 (0.038 - 0.045)	<LOD	0.039 (0.035 - 0.044)	0.063 (0.055 - 0.071)	0.15 (0.13 - 0.17)
Males, 60-79 years
1	541	17.93	0.050 (0.046 - 0.054)	<LOD	0.046 (0.042 - 0.050)	0.066 (0.060 - 0.072)	0.14 (0.11 - 0.16)
2	503	21.27	0.043 (0.041 - 0.047)	<LOD	0.045 (0.041 - 0.049)	0.065 (0.060 - 0.069)	0.13 (0.096 - 0.17)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a6 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3263	24.21	0.047 (0.043 - 0.051)	<LOD	0.045 (0.042 - 0.048)	0.071 (0.064 - 0.077)	0.17 (0.13 - 0.20)
Females, 6-11 years
1	509	22.00	0.073 (0.067 - 0.078)	<LOD	0.070 (0.065 - 0.075)	0.098 (0.088 - 0.11)	0.19 (0.14 - 0.23)
2	528	15.53	0.068 (0.061 - 0.075)	<LOD	0.061 (0.054 - 0.069)	0.098 (0.081 - 0.12)	0.24^E (0.13 - 0.35)
Females, 12-19 years
1	478	17.57	0.049 (0.044 - 0.053)	<LOD	0.045 (0.042 - 0.049)	0.063 (0.052 - 0.074)	0.12^E (0.047 - 0.19)
2	498	16.87	0.045 (0.042 - 0.048)	<LOD	0.045 (0.040 - 0.049)	0.065 (0.060 - 0.070)	0.11 (0.090 - 0.12)
Females, 20-39 years
1	653	31.24	0.053 (0.049 - 0.058)	<LOD	0.050 (0.047 - 0.053)	0.071 (0.066 - 0.075)	0.16^E (0.088 - 0.24)
2	769	25.75	0.042 (0.037 - 0.048)	<LOD	0.039 (0.036 - 0.043)	0.060 (0.049 - 0.071)	0.16^E (0.082 - 0.24)
Females, 40-59 years
1	644	36.34	0.055 (0.049 - 0.062)	<LOD	0.051 (0.045 - 0.057)	0.074 (0.063 - 0.084)	0.17 (0.13 - 0.20)
2	608	30.59	0.045 (0.040 - 0.050)	<LOD	0.044 (0.041 - 0.047)	0.066 (0.056 - 0.076)	0.16^E (0.092 - 0.24)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	33.21	0.056 (0.052 - 0.060)	<LOD	0.056 (0.051 - 0.060)	0.079 (0.067 - 0.090)	0.14 (0.12 - 0.17)
2	577	28.77	0.051 (0.046 - 0.057)	<LOD	0.049 (0.043 - 0.055)	0.078 (0.067 - 0.089)	0.17 (0.14 - 0.20)

Table 8.2.1.1: Arsenic (total) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a7 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a7 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a7 footnotes Table a7 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a7 footnote a referrer Table a7 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a7 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5492	0.18	12 (9.8 - 14)	3.1 (2.8 - 3.4)	11 (8.7 - 13)	23 (18 - 28)	67 (48 - 86)
2	5738	1.93	9.2 (7.7 - 11)	2.0 (1.7 - 2.4)	7.9 (6.7 - 9.0)	20 (15 - 24)	77 (58 - 96)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2662	0.23	13 (11 - 16)	3.6 (3.2 - 4.0)	12 (8.8 - 15)	25 (18 - 32)	70 (47 - 92)
2	2746	1.71	10 (8.3 - 12)	2.1 (1.8 - 2.5)	9.0 (7.4 - 11)	22 (15 - 28)	80^E (48 - 110)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2830	0.14	11 (9.0 - 12)	2.7 (2.2 - 3.2)	10 (8.6 - 12)	21 (17 - 25)	65 (47 - 84)
2	2992	2.14	8.3 (7.0 - 9.9)	2.0 (1.4 - 2.6)	7.2 (6.2 - 8.2)	18 (13 - 22)	74 (56 - 91)

Table 8.2.1.2: Arsenic (total) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a8 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a8 footnotes Table a8 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a8 footnote a referrer Table a8 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a8 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a8 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6311	1.96	9.1 (7.7 - 11)	2.0 (1.7 - 2.3)	7.8 (6.7 - 8.9)	19 (15 - 24)	76 (58 - 94)
3-5 years
1^{Table a8 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	573	2.27	6.6 (5.1 - 8.4)	F	6.3 (4.7 - 8.0)	11 (7.8 - 14)	41 (31 - 51)
6-11 years
1	1034	0.10	9.5 (8.0 - 11)	2.4 (1.8 - 3.0)	9.5 (7.9 - 11)	18 (14 - 22)	51^E (29 - 73)
2	1062	2.26	7.0 (6.3 - 7.8)	2.0 (1.5 - 2.4)	6.8 (6.3 - 7.3)	13 (11 - 14)	44^E (26 - 62)
12-19 years
1	983	0.31	11 (9.1 - 14)	3.3 (2.2 - 4.3)	11 (8.6 - 13)	20 (14 - 26)	54 (35 - 73)
2	1041	2.21	7.2 (5.8 - 8.9)	1.9^E (1.1 - 2.7)	6.4 (5.3 - 7.4)	14 (10 - 17)	52^E (17 - 88)
20-39 years
1	1169	0.09	12 (10 - 14)	3.0 (2.5 - 3.4)	11 (9.5 - 13)	25 (17 - 32)	66 (47 - 85)
2	1321	2.12	9.6 (8.0 - 11)	2.1 (1.7 - 2.5)	8.4 (6.9 - 9.9)	20 (15 - 26)	74 (63 - 85)
40-59 years
1	1223	0.41	12 (10 - 15)	3.1 (2.6 - 3.6)	11 (8.4 - 15)	24 (19 - 30)	72^E (42 - 100)
2	1228	1.55	9.3 (7.3 - 12)	2.1^E (1.1 - 3.0)	8.1 (6.5 - 9.8)	20 (15 - 26)	70 (50 - 91)
60-79 years
1	1083	0	12 (9.2 - 15)	3.5 (2.9 - 4.1)	11 (6.9 - 14)	22 (17 - 28)	72 (49 - 96)
2	1086	1.57	11 (7.8 - 15)	2.1 (1.4 - 2.7)	9.2 (6.3 - 12)	25^E (12 - 38)	120^E (44 - 190)

Table 8.2.1.3: Arsenic (total) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a9 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a9 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a9 footnotes Table a9 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a9 footnote a referrer Table a9 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a9 footnote b referrer Table a9 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a9 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a9 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3036	1.71	9.9 (8.3 - 12)	2.1 (1.8 - 2.4)	8.9 (7.4 - 10)	21 (15 - 28)	80^E (50 - 110)
Males, 6-11 years
1	524	0.19	9.4 (6.9 - 13)	2.4^E (1.3 - 3.6)	9.5 (7.4 - 12)	17 (11 - 23)	51^E (31 - 70)
2	532	2.07	7.1 (6.1 - 8.2)	2.1 (1.6 - 2.7)	6.8 (6.2 - 7.5)	12 (9.6 - 15)	39^E (18 - 61)
Males, 12-19 years
1	505	0.40	11 (8.8 - 14)	3.6 (2.8 - 4.4)	10 (7.9 - 12)	19 (14 - 24)	F
2	542	2.21	7.1 (5.7 - 8.8)	2.0 (1.4 - 2.6)	6.1 (5.2 - 7.0)	12 (8.0 - 17)	F
Males, 20-39 years
1	514	0.19	13 (11 - 15)	3.5 (2.9 - 4.2)	12 (9.1 - 15)	27 (18 - 37)	65 (47 - 84)
2	551	2.18	11 (8.4 - 14)	2.1 (1.5 - 2.8)	9.6 (6.8 - 12)	24^E (14 - 34)	81^E (32 - 130)
Males, 40-59 years
1	578	0.35	15 (11 - 18)	4.0 (2.8 - 5.2)	14 (9.1 - 18)	29 (21 - 36)	79^E (27 - 130)
2	616	0.65	11 (8.5 - 15)	2.0^E (0.78 - 3.3)	10 (7.9 - 13)	26^E (15 - 37)	80^E (41 - 120)
Males, 60-79 years
1	541	0	14 (10 - 18)	3.8 (2.8 - 4.8)	13 (8.6 - 18)	25 (19 - 32)	75^E (45 - 100)
2	505	1.58	11 (8.3 - 15)	2.4 (1.9 - 2.9)	10 (7.3 - 13)	24^E (15 - 33)	110 (80 - 140)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a9 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3275	2.20	8.3 (7.0 - 9.8)	2.0 (1.4 - 2.6)	7.2 (6.2 - 8.1)	17 (13 - 22)	74 (56 - 91)
Females, 6-11 years
1	510	0	9.6 (8.1 - 11)	2.2 (1.4 - 2.9)	9.5 (7.4 - 12)	20 (16 - 23)	F
2	530	2.45	6.9 (5.9 - 8.0)	1.4^E (0.80 - 2.0)	6.7 (5.9 - 7.4)	13 (10 - 16)	F
Females, 12-19 years
1	478	0.21	11 (8.6 - 15)	2.7^E (0.75 - 4.7)	11 (8.4 - 14)	22^E (13 - 30)	54 (35 - 73)
2	499	2.20	7.3 (5.6 - 9.4)	F	6.6 (5.4 - 7.9)	14 (9.6 - 18)	F
Females, 20-39 years
1	655	0	11 (9.4 - 13)	2.4 (1.7 - 3.0)	11 (9.6 - 12)	22 (17 - 27)	66^E (36 - 97)
2	770	2.08	8.7 (7.2 - 10)	2.0^E (1.2 - 2.9)	7.4 (6.2 - 8.6)	17 (13 - 22)	73 (52 - 94)
Females, 40-59 years
1	645	0.47	10 (8.6 - 12)	2.8 (2.2 - 3.4)	9.6 (7.7 - 12)	22 (18 - 26)	66^E (42 - 91)
2	612	2.45	7.8 (6.0 - 9.9)	2.1^E (1.0 - 3.1)	7.0 (5.7 - 8.2)	16 (11 - 22)	58^E (34 - 81)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	0	10 (8.0 - 13)	3.2 (2.3 - 4.1)	9.3 (6.4 - 12)	20 (15 - 25)	70 (46 - 95)
2	581	1.55	10^E (7.2 - 15)	1.5^E (<LOD - 2.4)	7.8 (5.0 - 11)	27^E (9.0 - 45)	F

Table 8.2.1.4: Arsenic (total) (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a10 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a10 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a10 footnotes Table a10 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a10 footnote a referrer Table a10 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a10 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5479	0.18	14 (11 - 18)	4.7 (3.9 - 5.5)	13 (9.6 - 16)	24 (18 - 30)	67 (45 - 89)
2	5719	1.94	8.6 (7.2 - 10)	2.4 (2.1 - 2.8)	7.1 (6.0 - 8.2)	17 (12 - 21)	71 (55 - 87)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2653	0.23	13 (10 - 16)	4.4 (3.6 - 5.2)	11 (8.3 - 13)	22 (17 - 26)	59 (41 - 78)
2	2739	1.72	8.0 (6.7 - 9.6)	2.3 (1.9 - 2.6)	6.8 (5.6 - 8.0)	15 (11 - 19)	66 (46 - 86)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2826	0.14	16 (13 - 20)	5.0 (4.1 - 5.9)	14 (11 - 17)	27 (19 - 35)	78 (53 - 100)
2	2980	2.15	9.2 (7.6 - 11)	2.6 (2.2 - 3.1)	7.3 (6.2 - 8.5)	18 (13 - 23)	78 (52 - 100)

Table 8.2.1.5: Arsenic (total) (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a11 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a11 footnotes Table a11 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a11 footnote a referrer Table a11 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a11 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a11 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6291	1.97	8.6 (7.3 - 10)	2.5 (2.1 - 2.8)	7.2 (6.1 - 8.3)	17 (13 - 21)	71 (56 - 87)
3-5 years
1^{Table a11 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	572	2.27	11 (8.8 - 14)	3.9^E (<LOD - 5.3)	9.6 (8.4 - 11)	17 (15 - 19)	F
6-11 years
1	1031	0.10	15 (12 - 18)	5.3 (4.5 - 6.1)	13 (9.4 - 16)	24 (19 - 29)	59^E (17 - 100)
2	1058	2.27	7.9 (7.1 - 8.8)	2.9 (2.6 - 3.2)	6.6 (6.1 - 7.1)	13 (10 - 16)	54^E (27 - 80)
12-19 years
1	982	0.31	9.8 (7.6 - 13)	3.7 (3.1 - 4.3)	9.1 (7.0 - 11)	16 (11 - 20)	36^E (21 - 51)
2	1039	2.21	5.3 (4.5 - 6.3)	1.9 (1.5 - 2.3)	4.5 (3.6 - 5.3)	8.1 (6.7 - 9.5)	39^E (16 - 61)
20-39 years
1	1165	0.09	13 (11 - 16)	4.5 (3.8 - 5.3)	12 (9.0 - 15)	23 (17 - 29)	60 (39 - 80)
2	1319	2.12	7.9 (6.6 - 9.4)	2.3 (1.9 - 2.7)	6.6 (5.1 - 8.0)	15 (12 - 19)	56 (42 - 70)
40-59 years
1	1218	0.41	16 (12 - 20)	5.1 (3.7 - 6.5)	14 (10 - 17)	25 (20 - 30)	F
2	1223	1.55	8.9 (7.2 - 11)	2.5 (1.9 - 3.1)	7.6 (6.1 - 9.1)	19 (12 - 25)	71 (52 - 89)
60-79 years
1	1083	0	16 (12 - 22)	5.3 (4.3 - 6.3)	14 (9.2 - 20)	29^E (17 - 42)	87 (58 - 110)
2	1080	1.57	13 (9.4 - 17)	3.3 (2.6 - 4.1)	10 (7.2 - 13)	27^E (15 - 39)	130^E (37 - 220)

Table 8.2.1.6: Arsenic (total) (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a12 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a12 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a12 footnotes Table a12 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a12 footnote a referrer Table a12 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a12 footnote b referrer Table a12 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a12 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a12 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3028	1.72	8.1 (6.8 - 9.6)	2.3 (1.9 - 2.6)	7.0 (5.8 - 8.1)	15 (11 - 19)	66 (47 - 85)
Males, 6-11 years
1	522	0.19	14 (11 - 18)	5.4 (4.5 - 6.3)	12 (7.9 - 16)	23 (16 - 29)	F
2	530	2.08	7.7 (6.8 - 8.8)	2.9 (2.4 - 3.4)	6.4 (5.7 - 7.2)	13 (9.8 - 16)	49^E (26 - 72)
Males, 12-19 years
1	504	0.40	9.4 (7.1 - 12)	3.4 (2.6 - 4.3)	8.9 (7.0 - 11)	15 (10 - 20)	35^E (20 - 50)
2	541	2.22	4.8 (4.0 - 5.7)	1.7 (1.3 - 2.1)	4.1 (3.4 - 4.8)	7.5 (6.4 - 8.6)	37^E (14 - 60)
Males, 20-39 years
1	512	0.20	12 (9.4 - 15)	4.1 (2.9 - 5.2)	10 (7.9 - 13)	21 (15 - 27)	48 (39 - 58)
2	550	2.18	7.3 (5.8 - 9.2)	2.2 (1.8 - 2.6)	6.6 (4.6 - 8.6)	14 (9.9 - 18)	52^E (32 - 72)
Males, 40-59 years
1	574	0.35	14 (11 - 18)	4.6 (3.3 - 6.0)	12 (8.7 - 15)	23 (18 - 29)	F
2	615	0.65	8.9 (7.1 - 11)	2.5 (1.9 - 3.1)	7.7 (5.8 - 9.7)	18^E (9.4 - 27)	74 (48 - 100)
Males, 60-79 years
1	541	0	14 (11 - 19)	5.1 (4.2 - 6.0)	12 (8.2 - 17)	23 (16 - 30)	73^E (44 - 100)
2	503	1.59	11 (8.1 - 14)	3.0 (2.1 - 3.9)	8.8 (6.1 - 11)	22^E (12 - 32)	79 (57 - 100)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a12 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3263	2.21	9.3 (7.7 - 11)	2.6 (2.2 - 3.1)	7.4 (6.3 - 8.6)	18 (14 - 23)	78 (53 - 100)
Females, 6-11 years
1	509	0	15 (13 - 18)	5.3 (4.1 - 6.5)	13 (10 - 16)	25 (19 - 31)	F
2	528	2.46	8.1 (6.9 - 9.5)	3.0 (2.5 - 3.4)	6.9 (6.3 - 7.4)	13 (9.1 - 17)	67^E (25 - 110)
Females, 12-19 years
1	478	0.21	10 (7.9 - 13)	4.0 (3.3 - 4.8)	9.4 (6.7 - 12)	16 (11 - 21)	39^E (24 - 54)
2	498	2.21	6.0 (4.9 - 7.4)	2.2 (<LOD - 2.7)	5.0 (3.5 - 6.5)	9.0 (5.9 - 12)	40^E (12 - 68)
Females, 20-39 years
1	653	0	15 (12 - 19)	4.8 (4.0 - 5.6)	14 (11 - 17)	26 (18 - 35)	79^E (42 - 120)
2	769	2.08	8.4 (7.2 - 9.9)	2.5 (2.0 - 3.1)	6.6 (5.2 - 7.9)	16 (11 - 21)	76^E (46 - 110)
Females, 40-59 years
1	644	0.47	17 (14 - 22)	5.6 (3.7 - 7.5)	15 (11 - 20)	27 (21 - 33)	85^E (37 - 130)
2	608	2.47	8.9 (6.9 - 12)	2.5 (1.7 - 3.4)	7.5 (6.0 - 9.1)	19 (13 - 24)	71^E (40 - 100)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	0	19 (14 - 26)	5.7 (4.1 - 7.4)	17^E (9.5 - 24)	37^E (23 - 50)	95^E (57 - 130)
2	577	1.56	15 (11 - 20)	3.6 (<LOD - 4.6)	11 (7.6 - 14)	32^E (15 - 49)	F

Table 8.2.2.1: Arsenous acid -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a13 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a13 footnotes Table a13 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a13 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	2537	75.60	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.2^E (<LOD - 1.8)	4.5^E (2.2 - 6.7)
3-5 years
2	516	84.50	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	2.3^E (1.3 - 3.2)
6-11 years
2	511	78.86	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	3.0^E (1.8 - 4.1)
12-19 years
2	510	72.35	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.3^E (<LOD - 1.9)	5.2^E (1.5 - 8.9)
20-39 years
2	355	69.86	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.4^E (<LOD - 2.2)	F
40-59 years
2	356	70.51	--	<LOD	<LOD	F	3.4^E (1.8 - 4.9)
60-79 years
2	289	73.01	--	<LOD	<LOD	F	F

Table 8.2.2.2: Arsenous acid -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a14 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a14 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a14 footnotes Table a14 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a14 footnote a referrer Table a14 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a14 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	1271	72.54	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.4^E (<LOD - 1.9)	4.8^E (1.6 - 8.0)
Males, 6-11 years
2	260	76.92	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	3.4^E (1.8 - 5.1)
Males, 12-19 years
2	255	70.98	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.3^E (<LOD - 2.1)	5.1^E (2.0 - 8.2)
Males, 20-39 years
2	167	62.87	--	<LOD	<LOD	F	X
Males, 40-59 years
2	193	63.21	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.5^E (<LOD - 2.1)	X
Males, 60-79 years
2	141	69.50	--	<LOD	<LOD	F	X
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	1266	78.67	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	4.0^E (1.8 - 6.2)
Females, 6-11 years
2	251	80.88	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	2.8^E (1.6 - 4.0)
Females, 12-19 years
2	255	73.73	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.3^E (<LOD - 2.1)	F
Females, 20-39 years
2	188	76.06	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, 40-59 years
2	163	79.14	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, 60-79 years
2	148	76.35	--	<LOD	<LOD	F	X

Table 8.2.2.3: Arsenous acid (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a15 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a15 footnotes Table a15 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a15 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	2527	75.90	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.6 (<LOD - 1.9)	4.5^E (2.7 - 6.2)
3-5 years
2	515	84.66	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	4.7^E (3.0 - 6.4)
6-11 years
2	509	79.17	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	3.8^E (2.2 - 5.3)
12-19 years
2	508	72.64	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.1 (<LOD - 1.4)	4.4^E (2.1 - 6.6)
20-39 years
2	353	70.25	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.5^E (<LOD - 2.1)	4.3^E (<LOD - 7.1)
40-59 years
2	354	70.90	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 2.1)	3.9 (2.8 - 5.0)
60-79 years
2	288	73.26	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.9^E (<LOD - 3.0)	F

Table 8.2.2.4: Arsenous acid (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a16 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a16 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a16 footnotes Table a16 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a16 footnote a referrer Table a16 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a16 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	1267	72.77	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.5 (<LOD - 1.7)	3.7^E (1.4 - 6.0)
Males, 6-11 years
2	259	77.22	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	3.7 (2.5 - 5.0)
Males, 12-19 years
2	254	71.26	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.0^E (<LOD - 1.4)	F
Males, 20-39 years
2	166	63.25	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.3^E (<LOD - 1.9)	X
Males, 40-59 years
2	193	63.21	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.7 (<LOD - 2.1)	X
Males, 60-79 years
2	141	69.50	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.5 (<LOD - 1.9)	X
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	1260	79.05	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	5.0 (3.3 - 6.6)
Females, 6-11 years
2	250	81.20	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	4.0^E (1.7 - 6.2)
Females, 12-19 years
2	254	74.02	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.4 (<LOD - 1.8)	4.9^E (<LOD - 7.5)
Females, 20-39 years
2	187	76.47	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, 40-59 years
2	161	80.12	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, 60-79 years
2	147	76.87	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 4.3)	X

Table 8.2.3.1: Arsenic acid -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a17 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a17 footnotes Table a17 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a17 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	2538	99.49	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
3-5 years
2	516	98.84	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
6-11 years
2	511	99.61	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
12-19 years
2	510	99.41	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
20-39 years
2	355	99.44	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
40-59 years
2	357	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
60-79 years
2	289	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD

Table 8.2.3.2: Arsenic acid -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a18 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a18 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a18 footnotes Table a18 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a18 footnote a referrer Table a18 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a18 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	1271	99.37	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
Males, 6-11 years
2	260	99.23	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
Males, 12-19 years
2	255	99.22	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
Males, 20-39 years
2	167	98.80	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Males, 40-59 years
2	193	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Males, 60-79 years
2	141	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	1267	99.61	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
Females, 6-11 years
2	251	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
Females, 12-19 years
2	255	99.61	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
Females, 20-39 years
2	188	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, 40-59 years
2	164	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, 60-79 years
2	148	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X

Table 8.2.3.3: Arsenic acid (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a19 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a19 footnotes Table a19 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a19 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	2528	99.88	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
3-5 years
2	515	99.03	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
6-11 years
2	509	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
12-19 years
2	508	99.80	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
20-39 years
2	353	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
40-59 years
2	355	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
60-79 years
2	288	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD

Table 8.2.3.4: Arsenic acid (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a20 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a20 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a20 footnotes Table a20 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a20 footnote a referrer Table a20 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a20 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	1267	99.68	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
Males, 6-11 years
2	259	99.61	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
Males, 12-19 years
2	254	99.61	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
Males, 20-39 years
2	166	99.40	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Males, 40-59 years
2	193	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Males, 60-79 years
2	141	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	1261	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
Females, 6-11 years
2	250	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
Females, 12-19 years
2	254	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
Females, 20-39 years
2	187	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, 40-59 years
2	162	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, 60-79 years
2	147	100	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X

Table 8.2.4.1: Monomethylarsonic acid -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a21 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a21 footnotes Table a21 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a21 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	2538	73.01	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.4^E (<LOD - 1.9)	3.0 (2.3 - 3.7)
3-5 years
2	516	77.91	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	2.5 (2.1 - 2.9)
6-11 years
2	511	76.52	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD^E (<LOD - 1.3)	3.0 (2.1 - 3.9)
12-19 years
2	510	62.94	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.7 (1.1 - 2.2)	3.2 (2.2 - 4.2)
20-39 years
2	355	70.14	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.7 (1.3 - 2.1)	3.3^E (1.8 - 4.7)
40-59 years
2	357	71.43	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.3^E (<LOD - 1.8)	2.7 (1.7 - 3.6)
60-79 years
2	289	81.31	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	2.6^E (1.4 - 3.8)

Table 8.2.4.2: Monomethylarsonic acid -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a22 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a22 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a22 footnotes Table a22 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a22 footnote a referrer Table a22 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a22 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	1271	69.63	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.5 (1.2 - 1.9)	3.4 (2.4 - 4.4)
Males, 6-11 years
2	260	80.77	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	3.4^E (1.7 - 5.0)
Males, 12-19 years
2	255	58.82	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.6 (1.1 - 2.2)	3.3^E (2.0 - 4.6)
Males, 20-39 years
2	167	61.68	--	<LOD	<LOD	2.0 (1.6 - 2.3)	X
Males, 40-59 years
2	193	62.18	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.5^E (<LOD - 2.2)	X
Males, 60-79 years
2	141	77.30	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	1267	76.40	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	2.5 (2.0 - 2.9)
Females, 6-11 years
2	251	72.11	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.4 (1.1 - 1.8)	3.0 (2.1 - 3.8)
Females, 12-19 years
2	255	67.06	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.7 (1.1 - 2.3)	3.2^E (1.8 - 4.5)
Females, 20-39 years
2	188	77.66	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, 40-59 years
2	164	82.32	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, 60-79 years
2	148	85.14	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X

Table 8.2.4.1: Monomethylarsonic acid -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a23 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a23 footnotes Table a23 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a23 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	2528	73.30	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.5 (<LOD - 1.7)	3.4 (2.6 - 4.2)
3-5 years
2	515	78.06	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	5.0 (3.7 - 6.2)
6-11 years
2	509	76.82	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 2.0)	3.3 (2.7 - 3.9)
12-19 years
2	508	63.19	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.1 (0.88 - 1.4)	2.6^E (1.5 - 3.7)
20-39 years
2	353	70.54	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.4 (1.1 - 1.8)	3.3^E (1.7 - 5.0)
40-59 years
2	355	71.83	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.3 (<LOD - 1.6)	3.2 (2.1 - 4.4)
60-79 years
2	288	81.60	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	3.6 (2.5 - 4.7)

Table 8.2.4.4: Monomethylarsonic acid (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a24 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a24 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a24 footnotes Table a24 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a24 footnote a referrer Table a24 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a24 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	1267	69.85	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.3 (1.2 - 1.5)	2.9 (2.0 - 3.8)
Males, 6-11 years
2	259	81.08	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	3.4 (2.5 - 4.2)
Males, 12-19 years
2	254	59.06	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.0 (0.77 - 1.3)	2.2 (1.7 - 2.7)
Males, 20-39 years
2	166	62.05	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.3 (0.93 - 1.7)	X
Males, 40-59 years
2	193	62.18	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.3 (<LOD - 1.7)	X
Males, 60-79 years
2	141	77.30	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	1261	76.76	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	4.0 (3.2 - 4.9)
Females, 6-11 years
2	250	72.40	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.7 (1.5 - 2.0)	3.3 (2.2 - 4.4)
Females, 12-19 years
2	254	67.32	--	<LOD	<LOD	1.4 (1.1 - 1.7)	3.5^E (1.7 - 5.3)
Females, 20-39 years
2	187	78.07	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, 40-59 years
2	162	83.33	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X
Females, 60-79 years
2	147	85.71	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	X

Table 8.2.5.1: Dimethylarsinic acid -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a25 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a25 footnotes Table a25 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a25 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	2538	3.78	6.5 (5.6 - 7.5)	1.9 (1.7 - 2.2)	6.6 (5.6 - 7.5)	11 (9.0 - 14)	30^E (13 - 47)
3-5 years
2	516	3.68	6.8 (5.8 - 7.9)	2.6 (2.2 - 3.1)	6.4 (5.6 - 7.3)	12 (9.6 - 14)	24^E (14 - 34)
6-11 years
2	511	2.74	7.2 (6.5 - 8.1)	2.7 (2.2 - 3.2)	7.6 (6.5 - 8.7)	12 (10 - 13)	26^E (15 - 37)
12-19 years
2	510	2.75	6.7 (5.3 - 8.5)	2.2 (1.4 - 2.9)	6.4 (4.7 - 8.2)	12 (8.2 - 15)	32^E (17 - 47)
20-39 years
2	355	5.63	6.8 (5.4 - 8.5)	1.9 (1.4 - 2.5)	7.2 (5.5 - 8.8)	12 (8.2 - 17)	40^E (20 - 60)
40-59 years
2	357	5.32	5.9 (4.8 - 7.2)	1.7^E (<LOD - 2.5)	5.8 (4.6 - 7.0)	10 (7.7 - 13)	22 (16 - 28)
60-79 years
2	289	3.46	6.7 (5.3 - 8.4)	1.9 (1.5 - 2.4)	6.6 (5.4 - 7.8)	13^E (8.2 - 18)	38^E (13 - 63)

Table 8.2.5.2: Dimethylarsinic acid -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a26 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a26 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a26 footnotes Table a26 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a26 footnote a referrer Table a26 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a26 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	1271	3.15	6.7 (5.7 - 8.0)	2.0 (1.4 - 2.6)	6.7 (5.1 - 8.3)	13 (9.8 - 15)	30^E (15 - 45)
Males, 6-11 years
2	260	3.46	7.3 (6.1 - 8.8)	2.9 (2.4 - 3.5)	8.1 (6.1 - 10)	10 (8.7 - 12)	24^E (11 - 38)
Males, 12-19 years
2	255	1.18	6.6 (5.3 - 8.2)	2.4 (1.6 - 3.2)	6.1 (4.5 - 7.6)	10 (7.0 - 13)	28^E (13 - 43)
Males, 20-39 years
2	167	4.79	7.1^E (4.7 - 11)	F	7.8 (5.0 - 11)	13^E (3.8 - 22)	X
Males, 40-59 years
2	193	3.11	6.1 (4.6 - 8.2)	1.7^E (<LOD - 2.7)	6.1^E (3.2 - 8.9)	12 (8.1 - 16)	X
Males, 60-79 years
2	141	2.84	7.2 (5.2 - 9.9)	2.3^E (1.4 - 3.3)	6.9 (4.6 - 9.2)	13 (8.6 - 18)	X
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	1267	4.42	6.2 (5.3 - 7.3)	1.9 (1.4 - 2.4)	6.4 (5.6 - 7.3)	10 (8.0 - 13)	33^E (14 - 53)
Females, 6-11 years
2	251	1.99	7.1 (6.1 - 8.4)	2.3 (1.5 - 3.1)	7.5 (6.5 - 8.5)	13 (11 - 15)	28^E (16 - 39)
Females, 12-19 years
2	255	4.31	6.9 (5.1 - 9.4)	2.0^E (<LOD - 3.4)	7.3 (5.2 - 9.3)	14 (9.1 - 18)	33^E (18 - 48)
Females, 20-39 years
2	188	6.38	6.4 (4.8 - 8.7)	2.0 (1.5 - 2.5)	6.7 (4.8 - 8.6)	9.9^E (5.8 - 14)	X
Females, 40-59 years
2	164	7.93	5.7 (4.4 - 7.2)	F	5.7 (4.4 - 7.0)	9.5 (7.0 - 12)	X
Females, 60-79 years
2	148	4.05	6.2 (4.6 - 8.5)	1.6^E (1.0 - 2.2)	5.8^E (3.6 - 8.0)	11^E (4.3 - 18)	X

Table 8.2.5.3: Dimethylarsinic acid (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a27 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a27 footnotes Table a27 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a27 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	2528	3.80	6.4 (5.6 - 7.4)	2.7 (2.4 - 3.0)	5.8 (5.0 - 6.5)	10 (8.3 - 12)	29^E (18 - 39)
3-5 years
2	515	3.69	12 (10 - 13)	5.5 (4.8 - 6.1)	10 (8.7 - 12)	16 (13 - 19)	44^E (19 - 68)
6-11 years
2	509	2.75	8.4 (7.5 - 9.3)	4.0 (3.7 - 4.4)	8.0 (7.2 - 8.8)	12 (9.8 - 14)	34^E (20 - 47)
12-19 years
2	508	2.76	5.2 (4.2 - 6.4)	2.1 (1.6 - 2.6)	4.6 (3.5 - 5.6)	7.7 (5.6 - 9.9)	26^E (15 - 36)
20-39 years
2	353	5.67	5.8 (4.6 - 7.2)	2.4 (2.1 - 2.8)	4.9 (3.6 - 6.2)	9.4 (6.5 - 12)	29^E (15 - 44)
40-59 years
2	355	5.35	6.0 (5.3 - 6.8)	2.9 (<LOD - 3.3)	5.6 (5.0 - 6.2)	8.6 (7.1 - 10)	20^E (12 - 29)
60-79 years
2	288	3.47	7.8 (6.3 - 9.8)	2.7 (2.2 - 3.2)	7.6 (5.8 - 9.3)	13 (9.6 - 16)	F

Table 8.2.5.4: Dimethylarsinic acid (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a28 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a28 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a28 footnotes Table a28 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a28 footnote a referrer Table a28 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a28 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	1267	3.16	5.8 (4.9 - 6.7)	2.5 (2.1 - 2.9)	5.3 (4.5 - 6.2)	8.9 (7.4 - 10)	22^E (12 - 32)
Males, 6-11 years
2	259	3.47	8.4 (7.2 - 9.7)	4.3 (3.4 - 5.2)	8.0 (7.2 - 8.8)	12 (8.8 - 15)	27^E (15 - 40)
Males, 12-19 years
2	254	1.18	4.7 (3.8 - 5.8)	2.1 (1.7 - 2.4)	4.0 (3.1 - 4.9)	6.6 (4.9 - 8.2)	24^E (13 - 35)
Males, 20-39 years
2	166	4.82	5.2 (3.6 - 7.3)	1.9^E (<LOD - 2.9)	4.4^E (2.0 - 6.9)	8.8^E (5.5 - 12)	X
Males, 40-59 years
2	193	3.11	5.4 (4.5 - 6.3)	2.8 (<LOD - 3.3)	5.0 (4.1 - 5.8)	7.4 (6.0 - 8.7)	X
Males, 60-79 years
2	141	2.84	6.8 (5.2 - 8.9)	2.6 (1.8 - 3.5)	6.0 (4.0 - 8.0)	10 (8.2 - 12)	X
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	1261	4.44	7.1 (6.1 - 8.4)	2.9 (2.6 - 3.2)	6.3 (5.4 - 7.2)	12 (9.4 - 15)	34^E (21 - 46)
Females, 6-11 years
2	250	2.00	8.4 (7.3 - 9.6)	4.0 (3.4 - 4.5)	7.5 (6.4 - 8.7)	12 (8.9 - 14)	35^E (21 - 49)
Females, 12-19 years
2	254	4.33	5.7 (4.5 - 7.4)	2.3 (<LOD - 3.1)	5.2 (3.9 - 6.5)	8.9 (6.2 - 12)	28^E (15 - 41)
Females, 20-39 years
2	187	6.42	6.5 (5.0 - 8.4)	2.7 (2.3 - 3.2)	5.0 (3.9 - 6.1)	10^E (4.7 - 15)	X
Females, 40-59 years
2	162	8.02	6.8 (5.8 - 7.9)	2.9 (<LOD - 3.6)	6.3 (5.4 - 7.2)	10 (8.1 - 12)	X
Females, 60-79 years
2	147	4.08	8.9 (6.8 - 12)	2.7 (2.0 - 3.4)	8.5^E (5.1 - 12)	15 (9.7 - 20)	X

Table 8.2.6.1: Arsenocholine and arsenobetaine -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a29 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a29 footnotes Table a29 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a29 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	2538	48.50	--	<LOD	3.4^E (<LOD - 5.2)	16^E (8.7 - 23)	110^E (70 - 160)
3-5 years
2	516	59.69	--	<LOD	<LOD	6.9^E (2.0 - 12)	82^E (47 - 120)
6-11 years
2	511	58.12	--	<LOD	<LOD	6.5^E (3.3 - 9.7)	F
12-19 years
2	510	57.65	--	<LOD	<LOD	F	89^E (38 - 140)
20-39 years
2	355	38.59	5.3^E (3.4 - 8.4)	<LOD	F	F	F
40-59 years
2	357	30.81	4.3 (3.2 - 5.7)	<LOD	3.5^E (<LOD - 5.9)	12^E (6.1 - 17)	85^E (45 - 130)
60-79 years
2	289	29.41	8.5^E (5.2 - 14)	<LOD	8.5^E (3.4 - 14)	37^E (18 - 55)	180^E (78 - 270)

Table 8.2.6.2: Arsenocholine and arsenobetaine -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a30 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a30 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a30 footnotes Table a30 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a30 footnote a referrer Table a30 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a30 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	1271	46.34	--	<LOD	3.7^E (<LOD - 5.9)	18^E (8.1 - 27)	F
Males, 6-11 years
2	260	59.23	--	<LOD	<LOD	F	49^E (30 - 68)
Males, 12-19 years
2	255	53.73	--	<LOD	<LOD	F	88^E (26 - 150)
Males, 20-39 years
2	167	35.33	F	<LOD	F	F	X
Males, 40-59 years
2	193	26.94	4.9^E (3.2 - 7.6)	<LOD	F	F	X
Males, 60-79 years
2	141	26.24	9.8^E (5.3 - 18)	<LOD	F	35^E (17 - 54)	X
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	1267	50.67	--	<LOD	F	14^E (7.7 - 21)	120^E (69 - 170)
Females, 6-11 years
2	251	56.97	--	<LOD	<LOD	F	F
Females, 12-19 years
2	255	61.57	--	<LOD	<LOD	F	F
Females, 20-39 years
2	188	41.49	--	<LOD	F	F	X
Females, 40-59 years
2	164	35.37	3.7 (2.7 - 5.1)	<LOD	F	12^E (5.4 - 19)	X
Females, 60-79 years
2	148	32.43	7.5^E (3.8 - 15)	<LOD	F	F	X

Table 8.2.6.3: Arsenocholine and arsenobetaine (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a31 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a31 footnotes Table a31 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a31 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	2528	48.69	--	<LOD	3.6^E (<LOD - 5.7)	17 (11 - 22)	110^E (43 - 170)
3-5 years
2	515	59.81	--	<LOD	<LOD	12^E (5.5 - 19)	F
6-11 years
2	509	58.35	--	<LOD	<LOD	7.1^E (2.4 - 12)	F
12-19 years
2	508	57.87	--	<LOD	<LOD	5.7^E (<LOD - 9.2)	58^E (25 - 92)
20-39 years
2	353	38.81	4.4^E (2.8 - 6.8)	<LOD	F	17^E (6.9 - 26)	F
40-59 years
2	355	30.99	4.4 (3.2 - 6.0)	<LOD	F	13^E (6.5 - 19)	57^E (21 - 94)
60-79 years
2	288	29.51	10^E (6.1 - 16)	<LOD	11^E (4.3 - 18)	43^E (23 - 63)	200^E (100 - 290)

Table 8.2.6.4: Arsenocholine and arsenobetaine (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a32 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a32 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a32 footnotes Table a32 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a32 footnote a referrer Table a32 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a32 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	1267	46.49	--	<LOD	3.0^E (<LOD - 5.0)	14^E (8.2 - 21)	F
Males, 6-11 years
2	259	59.46	--	<LOD	<LOD	F	54^E (28 - 81)
Males, 12-19 years
2	254	53.94	--	<LOD	<LOD	6.4^E (<LOD - 10)	82^E (31 - 130)
Males, 20-39 years
2	166	35.54	3.5^E (1.7 - 7.0)	<LOD	F	17^E (<LOD - 26)	X
Males, 40-59 years
2	193	26.94	4.3^E (2.7 - 6.8)	<LOD	F	10^E (<LOD - 16)	X
Males, 60-79 years
2	141	26.24	9.3^E (5.0 - 17)	<LOD	F	36^E (20 - 53)	X
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	1261	50.91	--	<LOD	4.1^E (<LOD - 6.9)	18^E (12 - 25)	150^E (48 - 240)
Females, 6-11 years
2	250	57.20	--	<LOD	<LOD	9.4^E (<LOD - 14)	F
Females, 12-19 years
2	254	61.81	--	<LOD	<LOD	F	F
Females, 20-39 years
2	187	41.71	--	<LOD	5.0^E (<LOD - 7.9)	F	X
Females, 40-59 years
2	162	35.80	4.5^E (2.9 - 6.9)	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 7.7)	18^E (10 - 26)	X
Females, 60-79 years
2	147	32.65	11^E (5.7 - 20)	<LOD	F	50^E (<LOD - 76)	X

Table 8.3.1: Cadmium -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a33 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a33 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a33 footnotes Table a33 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a33 footnote a referrer Table a33 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a33 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5319	2.91	0.34 (0.31 - 0.37)	0.091 (0.087 - 0.094)	0.27 (0.25 - 0.29)	0.62 (0.55 - 0.70)	3.6 (3.1 - 4.1)
2	5575	4.27	0.31 (0.28 - 0.34)	0.088 (0.077 - 0.099)	0.27 (0.25 - 0.30)	0.57 (0.51 - 0.63)	2.6 (2.1 - 3.1)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2576	3.34	0.30 (0.27 - 0.34)	0.084 (0.073 - 0.095)	0.22 (0.20 - 0.25)	0.58 (0.43 - 0.72)	3.4 (2.8 - 4.0)
2	2687	4.84	0.28 (0.25 - 0.31)	0.083 (0.071 - 0.094)	0.24 (0.22 - 0.26)	0.54 (0.48 - 0.60)	2.5 (1.9 - 3.0)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2743	2.52	0.38 (0.35 - 0.41)	0.093 (0.091 - 0.095)	0.32 (0.29 - 0.36)	0.65 (0.56 - 0.74)	3.7 (3.1 - 4.3)
2	2888	3.74	0.34 (0.29 - 0.38)	0.095 (0.084 - 0.11)	0.31 (0.28 - 0.34)	0.59 (0.45 - 0.73)	2.7 (2.1 - 3.4)
^c Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009).

Table 8.3.2: Cadmium -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a34 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a34 footnotes Table a34 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a34 footnote a referrer Table a34 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a34 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a34 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6070	5.16	0.29 (0.27 - 0.32)	0.083 (0.071 - 0.094)	0.26 (0.24 - 0.29)	0.54 (0.49 - 0.59)	2.6 (2.1 - 3.0)
3-5 years
1^{Table a34 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	495	15.15	0.075 (0.067 - 0.084)	<LOD	0.076 (0.066 - 0.087)	0.10 (0.096 - 0.11)	0.14^E (0.041 - 0.24)
6-11 years
1	910	9.12	0.091 (0.082 - 0.10)	<LOD^E (<LOD - 0.053)	0.092 (0.090 - 0.094)	0.098 (0.084 - 0.11)	0.22 (0.19 - 0.26)
2	961	14.05	0.086 (0.079 - 0.094)	<LOD	0.090 (0.084 - 0.097)	0.11 (0.11 - 0.11)	0.20 (0.18 - 0.23)
12-19 years
1	945	3.92	0.16 (0.13 - 0.20)	0.066 (0.045 - 0.086)	F	0.21 (0.19 - 0.23)	F
2	997	5.72	0.14 (0.12 - 0.16)	0.059 (0.042 - 0.075)	0.11 (0.10 - 0.11)	0.19 (0.17 - 0.21)	0.82^E (0.42 - 1.2)
20-39 years
1	1165	1.55	0.34 (0.30 - 0.38)	0.091 (0.084 - 0.098)	0.24 (0.21 - 0.27)	0.68 (0.43 - 0.92)	3.4 (3.1 - 3.7)
2	1313	2.21	0.29 (0.24 - 0.35)	0.093 (0.062 - 0.12)	0.24 (0.20 - 0.28)	0.53^E (0.33 - 0.74)	2.7 (2.1 - 3.2)
40-59 years
1	1220	0.90	0.48 (0.43 - 0.54)	0.098^E (0.049 - 0.15)	0.36 (0.32 - 0.41)	0.98 (0.73 - 1.2)	4.2 (3.7 - 4.7)
2	1222	0.98	0.42 (0.37 - 0.47)	0.11 (0.10 - 0.11)	0.34 (0.31 - 0.37)	0.78 (0.52 - 1.0)	3.1 (2.4 - 3.8)
60-79 years
1	1079	0.56	0.45 (0.41 - 0.49)	0.19 (0.18 - 0.20)	0.39 (0.37 - 0.41)	0.71 (0.59 - 0.82)	2.7 (2.2 - 3.2)
2	1082	0.46	0.46 (0.41 - 0.51)	0.18 (0.13 - 0.22)	0.40 (0.35 - 0.44)	0.72 (0.63 - 0.81)	2.3 (1.9 - 2.8)

Table 8.3.3: Cadmium -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a35 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a35 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a35 footnotes Table a35 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a35 footnote a referrer Table a35 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a35 footnote b referrer Table a35 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a35 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a35 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	2940	5.78	0.27 (0.24 - 0.30)	0.078 (0.067 - 0.088)	0.23 (0.21 - 0.25)	0.53 (0.46 - 0.60)	2.4 (1.9 - 2.9)
Males, 6-11 years
1	459	9.59	0.088 (0.079 - 0.098)	<LOD	0.091 (0.088 - 0.094)	0.098 (0.074 - 0.12)	0.21 (0.15 - 0.27)
2	488	13.11	0.086 (0.077 - 0.096)	<LOD	0.089 (0.082 - 0.096)	0.11 (0.10 - 0.11)	0.21 (0.15 - 0.26)
Males, 12-19 years
1	489	3.48	0.16 (0.13 - 0.19)	0.058^E (<LOD - 0.080)	0.098^E (0.047 - 0.15)	0.20 (0.18 - 0.22)	F
2	523	7.07	0.15 (0.12 - 0.18)	0.062 (0.044 - 0.081)	0.11 (0.10 - 0.11)	0.20 (0.14 - 0.25)	F
Males, 20-39 years
1	514	2.14	0.32 (0.26 - 0.40)	0.083 (0.061 - 0.11)	0.21 (0.16 - 0.25)	0.77^E (0.41 - 1.1)	3.6 (3.1 - 4.1)
2	552	3.08	0.26 (0.21 - 0.31)	0.081 (0.056 - 0.11)	0.20 (0.14 - 0.26)	0.50^E (0.29 - 0.71)	2.7^E (1.6 - 3.8)
Males, 40-59 years
1	577	1.73	0.40 (0.32 - 0.49)	0.094 (0.090 - 0.098)	0.28 (0.24 - 0.31)	0.85^E (0.36 - 1.4)	3.9 (2.9 - 4.9)
2	617	1.46	0.38 (0.33 - 0.44)	0.10 (0.10 - 0.11)	0.31 (0.26 - 0.35)	0.84^E (0.40 - 1.3)	2.9 (2.2 - 3.5)
Males, 60-79 years
1	537	0.74	0.41 (0.35 - 0.48)	0.18 (0.13 - 0.23)	0.35 (0.31 - 0.39)	0.66 (0.43 - 0.89)	2.7 (1.8 - 3.6)
2	507	0.59	0.42 (0.37 - 0.49)	0.15^E (0.084 - 0.21)	0.37 (0.32 - 0.41)	0.69 (0.59 - 0.78)	2.3 (1.5 - 3.0)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a35 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3130	4.57	0.32 (0.28 - 0.37)	0.089 (0.076 - 0.10)	0.30 (0.27 - 0.33)	0.57 (0.45 - 0.69)	2.7 (2.1 - 3.4)
Females, 6-11 years
1	451	8.65	0.094 (0.083 - 0.11)	0.040^E (<LOD - 0.068)	0.093 (0.091 - 0.095)	0.099 (0.075 - 0.12)	0.23 (0.19 - 0.26)
2	473	15.01	0.086 (0.077 - 0.096)	<LOD	0.093 (0.083 - 0.10)	0.11 (0.11 - 0.11)	0.20 (0.17 - 0.24)
Females, 12-19 years
1	456	4.39	0.17 (0.14 - 0.21)	0.080 (0.065 - 0.095)	0.18^E (0.095 - 0.26)	0.22 (0.19 - 0.26)	F
2	474	4.22	0.13 (0.12 - 0.15)	0.053^E (<LOD - 0.073)	0.11 (0.10 - 0.11)	0.19 (0.16 - 0.21)	0.68^E (0.31 - 1.1)
Females, 20-39 years
1	651	1.08	0.36 (0.31 - 0.41)	0.093 (0.091 - 0.095)	0.27 (0.22 - 0.32)	0.63 (0.46 - 0.80)	3.2 (2.7 - 3.7)
2	761	1.58	0.33 (0.25 - 0.44)	0.10 (0.068 - 0.14)	0.28 (0.21 - 0.36)	F	2.6^E (1.7 - 3.6)
Females, 40-59 years
1	643	0.16	0.58 (0.51 - 0.66)	0.19 (0.17 - 0.22)	0.43 (0.37 - 0.50)	1.1^E (0.61 - 1.5)	4.4 (4.0 - 4.8)
2	605	0.50	0.47 (0.38 - 0.56)	F	0.38 (0.34 - 0.43)	0.76^E (0.46 - 1.1)	3.3 (2.5 - 4.2)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	0.37	0.49 (0.44 - 0.56)	0.20 (0.18 - 0.21)	0.42 (0.37 - 0.48)	0.75 (0.64 - 0.86)	2.7 (1.9 - 3.5)
2	575	0.35	0.49 (0.45 - 0.54)	0.20 (0.16 - 0.25)	0.43 (0.39 - 0.47)	0.77 (0.66 - 0.88)	2.6 (2.0 - 3.1)

Table 8.3.4: Cadmium -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a36 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a36 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a36 footnotes Table a36 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a36 footnote a referrer Table a36 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a36 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5491	9.71	0.34 (0.31 - 0.38)	<LOD^E (<LOD - 0.11)	0.37 (0.34 - 0.41)	0.67 (0.62 - 0.72)	1.6 (1.5 - 1.7)
2	5738	6.12	0.40 (0.36 - 0.44)	0.10 (0.093 - 0.11)	0.42 (0.36 - 0.48)	0.77 (0.68 - 0.85)	1.9 (1.6 - 2.1)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2661	8.27	0.36 (0.33 - 0.39)	0.091 (<LOD - 0.11)	0.39 (0.36 - 0.43)	0.68 (0.63 - 0.74)	1.6 (1.4 - 1.7)
2	2746	5.35	0.39 (0.34 - 0.45)	0.10 (0.087 - 0.12)	0.41 (0.35 - 0.48)	0.76 (0.63 - 0.89)	1.6 (1.3 - 1.9)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2830	11.06	0.33 (0.29 - 0.37)	<LOD	0.36 (0.33 - 0.39)	0.66 (0.60 - 0.72)	1.7 (1.5 - 1.9)
2	2992	6.82	0.40 (0.37 - 0.44)	0.10 (0.094 - 0.11)	0.42 (0.36 - 0.48)	0.77 (0.70 - 0.84)	2.0 (1.6 - 2.4)

Table 8.3.5: Cadmium -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a37 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a37 footnotes Table a37 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a37 footnote a referrer Table a37 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a37 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a37 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6311	6.56	0.39 (0.35 - 0.44)	0.10 (0.091 - 0.11)	0.41 (0.35 - 0.47)	0.75 (0.66 - 0.84)	1.8 (1.6 - 2.0)
3-5 years
1^{Table a37 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	573	10.99	0.23 (0.19 - 0.28)	<LOD	0.25 (0.21 - 0.30)	0.40 (0.33 - 0.47)	F
6-11 years
1	1033	14.71	0.22 (0.18 - 0.25)	<LOD	0.25 (0.20 - 0.29)	0.42 (0.37 - 0.46)	0.72 (0.60 - 0.85)
2	1062	9.70	0.25 (0.21 - 0.30)	0.076 (<LOD - 0.095)	0.27 (0.21 - 0.32)	0.43 (0.33 - 0.54)	0.86 (0.64 - 1.1)
12-19 years
1	983	10.48	0.27 (0.23 - 0.31)	<LOD	0.32 (0.28 - 0.36)	0.48 (0.42 - 0.53)	0.89 (0.66 - 1.1)
2	1041	7.59	0.27 (0.22 - 0.32)	0.090 (<LOD - 0.12)	0.30 (0.24 - 0.36)	0.47 (0.38 - 0.56)	0.81 (0.68 - 0.94)
20-39 years
1	1169	13.17	0.27 (0.25 - 0.31)	<LOD	0.31 (0.27 - 0.36)	0.54 (0.49 - 0.59)	1.1 (0.99 - 1.3)
2	1321	7.12	0.34 (0.29 - 0.39)	0.087^E (<LOD - 0.12)	0.36 (0.30 - 0.43)	0.66 (0.53 - 0.79)	1.2 (1.0 - 1.4)
40-59 years
1	1223	7.36	0.42 (0.38 - 0.46)	0.093 (<LOD - 0.10)	0.45 (0.40 - 0.51)	0.81 (0.74 - 0.87)	2.1 (1.7 - 2.4)
2	1228	4.64	0.50 (0.44 - 0.56)	0.11 (0.095 - 0.12)	0.53 (0.44 - 0.62)	0.98 (0.84 - 1.1)	2.5 (2.0 - 3.0)
60-79 years
1	1083	3.14	0.50 (0.44 - 0.56)	0.099 (<LOD - 0.13)	0.51 (0.46 - 0.56)	0.98 (0.89 - 1.1)	2.2 (1.9 - 2.6)
2	1086	1.66	0.54 (0.47 - 0.62)	0.11 (0.091 - 0.13)	0.58 (0.50 - 0.65)	1.0 (0.93 - 1.1)	2.5 (2.0 - 2.9)

Table 8.3.6: Cadmium -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a38 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a38 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a38 footnotes Table a38 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a38 footnote a referrer Table a38 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a38 footnote b referrer Table a38 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a38 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a38 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3036	5.67	0.39 (0.34 - 0.45)	0.10 (0.085 - 0.12)	0.41 (0.34 - 0.47)	0.74 (0.61 - 0.86)	1.6 (1.3 - 1.8)
Males, 6-11 years
1	523	13.00	0.22 (0.18 - 0.27)	<LOD	0.25 (0.18 - 0.33)	0.42 (0.36 - 0.47)	0.71 (0.59 - 0.83)
2	532	7.52	0.27 (0.21 - 0.35)	0.089 (<LOD - 0.11)	0.29 (0.22 - 0.37)	0.47 (0.30 - 0.63)	0.95 (0.68 - 1.2)
Males, 12-19 years
1	505	8.12	0.27 (0.24 - 0.31)	0.091^E (<LOD - 0.13)	0.31 (0.27 - 0.35)	0.45 (0.39 - 0.51)	0.77 (0.55 - 0.98)
2	542	6.09	0.29 (0.23 - 0.37)	0.10 (0.084 - 0.12)	0.31 (0.24 - 0.39)	0.48 (0.34 - 0.62)	0.85 (0.68 - 1.0)
Males, 20-39 years
1	514	11.87	0.28 (0.24 - 0.32)	<LOD	0.33 (0.28 - 0.38)	0.54 (0.46 - 0.62)	1.1 (0.97 - 1.2)
2	551	6.53	0.32 (0.27 - 0.39)	0.074^E (<LOD - 0.11)	0.35 (0.27 - 0.43)	0.65 (0.47 - 0.83)	1.3^E (0.81 - 1.9)
Males, 40-59 years
1	578	6.57	0.43 (0.38 - 0.49)	0.094 (<LOD - 0.11)	0.48 (0.42 - 0.55)	0.81 (0.71 - 0.92)	1.9 (1.5 - 2.3)
2	616	5.36	0.48 (0.41 - 0.57)	0.11^E (<LOD - 0.16)	0.57 (0.46 - 0.68)	1.0 (0.78 - 1.2)	1.8 (1.2 - 2.4)
Males, 60-79 years
1	541	2.22	0.56 (0.50 - 0.64)	0.15^E (0.094 - 0.21)	0.58 (0.52 - 0.64)	1.0 (0.87 - 1.1)	2.3 (1.7 - 2.8)
2	505	0.99	0.54 (0.44 - 0.66)	0.11^E (<LOD - 0.16)	0.55 (0.42 - 0.67)	1.0 (0.82 - 1.2)	2.4 (1.7 - 3.1)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a38 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3275	7.39	0.39 (0.36 - 0.43)	0.10 (0.092 - 0.11)	0.41 (0.35 - 0.47)	0.76 (0.69 - 0.83)	2.0 (1.6 - 2.4)
Females, 6-11 years
1	510	16.47	0.21 (0.18 - 0.26)	<LOD	0.24 (0.19 - 0.29)	0.42 (0.36 - 0.47)	0.73 (0.57 - 0.89)
2	530	11.89	0.23 (0.19 - 0.27)	<LOD	0.25 (0.21 - 0.29)	0.40 (0.32 - 0.49)	0.81 (0.57 - 1.1)
Females, 12-19 years
1	478	12.97	0.27 (0.22 - 0.32)	<LOD	0.34 (0.28 - 0.39)	0.52 (0.42 - 0.62)	0.97 (0.68 - 1.3)
2	499	9.22	0.24 (0.20 - 0.29)	0.076^E (<LOD - 0.11)	0.28 (0.22 - 0.34)	0.46 (0.41 - 0.52)	0.77 (0.69 - 0.84)
Females, 20-39 years
1	655	14.20	0.27 (0.23 - 0.32)	<LOD	0.29 (0.23 - 0.35)	0.53 (0.44 - 0.62)	1.3 (0.84 - 1.7)
2	770	7.53	0.35 (0.29 - 0.41)	0.096 (0.071 - 0.12)	0.37 (0.28 - 0.46)	0.71 (0.55 - 0.86)	1.1 (1.0 - 1.3)
Females, 40-59 years
1	645	8.06	0.40 (0.35 - 0.46)	0.092 (<LOD - 0.12)	0.41 (0.33 - 0.48)	0.79 (0.71 - 0.86)	2.3 (1.8 - 2.8)
2	612	3.92	0.51 (0.43 - 0.61)	0.11 (0.094 - 0.12)	0.51 (0.41 - 0.60)	0.95 (0.62 - 1.3)	2.6 (2.3 - 3.0)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	4.06	0.44 (0.37 - 0.52)	0.095^E (<LOD - 0.13)	0.46 (0.40 - 0.52)	0.90 (0.74 - 1.1)	2.2 (1.8 - 2.6)
2	581	2.24	0.54 (0.49 - 0.60)	0.11 (0.097 - 0.12)	0.59 (0.54 - 0.64)	1.1 (0.98 - 1.2)	2.5 (2.1 - 3.0)

Table 8.3.7: Cadmium (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a39 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a39 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a39 footnotes Table a39 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a39 footnote a referrer Table a39 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a39 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5478	9.73	0.42 (0.40 - 0.44)	<LOD (<LOD - 0.18)	0.39 (0.37 - 0.41)	0.68 (0.63 - 0.74)	1.5 (1.4 - 1.7)
2	5719	6.14	0.37 (0.34 - 0.41)	0.14 (0.12 - 0.16)	0.36 (0.32 - 0.40)	0.62 (0.57 - 0.67)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.6)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2652	8.30	0.36 (0.34 - 0.38)	0.15 (<LOD - 0.16)	0.33 (0.31 - 0.35)	0.54 (0.48 - 0.60)	1.2 (1.0 - 1.3)
2	2739	5.37	0.31 (0.28 - 0.35)	0.13 (0.11 - 0.15)	0.31 (0.26 - 0.35)	0.49 (0.42 - 0.55)	1.1 (0.97 - 1.3)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2826	11.08	0.50 (0.47 - 0.53)	<LOD	0.46 (0.42 - 0.50)	0.80 (0.73 - 0.86)	2.0 (1.7 - 2.2)
2	2980	6.85	0.44 (0.40 - 0.48)	0.16 (0.14 - 0.19)	0.43 (0.39 - 0.47)	0.74 (0.68 - 0.80)	1.9 (1.5 - 2.4)

Table 8.3.8: Cadmium (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a40 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a40 footnotes Table a40 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a40 footnote a referrer Table a40 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a40 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a40 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6291	6.58	0.37 (0.34 - 0.41)	0.14 (0.12 - 0.16)	0.36 (0.32 - 0.40)	0.62 (0.57 - 0.67)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.6)
3-5 years
1^{Table a40 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	572	11.01	0.39 (0.33 - 0.47)	<LOD	0.42 (0.36 - 0.49)	0.58 (0.50 - 0.66)	F
6-11 years
1	1030	14.76	0.34 (0.31 - 0.38)	<LOD	0.33 (0.30 - 0.37)	0.46 (0.40 - 0.52)	0.86 (0.70 - 1.0)
2	1058	9.74	0.28 (0.24 - 0.33)	0.12 (<LOD - 0.15)	0.28 (0.24 - 0.32)	0.42 (0.34 - 0.51)	0.80 (0.67 - 0.94)
12-19 years
1	982	10.49	0.24 (0.22 - 0.26)	<LOD	0.23 (0.22 - 0.25)	0.31 (0.28 - 0.34)	0.53 (0.40 - 0.65)
2	1039	7.60	0.20 (0.17 - 0.23)	0.099 (<LOD - 0.12)	0.20 (0.18 - 0.23)	0.27 (0.23 - 0.32)	0.46 (0.34 - 0.58)
20-39 years
1	1165	13.22	0.31 (0.29 - 0.33)	<LOD	0.30 (0.28 - 0.32)	0.45 (0.42 - 0.48)	0.83 (0.68 - 0.97)
2	1319	7.13	0.28 (0.24 - 0.32)	0.13 (<LOD - 0.14)	0.27 (0.22 - 0.33)	0.43 (0.37 - 0.49)	0.79 (0.69 - 0.88)
40-59 years
1	1218	7.39	0.54 (0.51 - 0.57)	0.22 (<LOD - 0.25)	0.52 (0.47 - 0.56)	0.86 (0.78 - 0.94)	1.9 (1.6 - 2.2)
2	1223	4.66	0.47 (0.43 - 0.53)	0.19 (0.16 - 0.22)	0.46 (0.41 - 0.50)	0.77 (0.69 - 0.85)	1.9 (1.3 - 2.4)
60-79 years
1	1083	3.14	0.70 (0.64 - 0.76)	0.30 (<LOD - 0.33)	0.68 (0.62 - 0.75)	1.1 (0.94 - 1.2)	2.1 (1.8 - 2.4)
2	1080	1.67	0.64 (0.58 - 0.71)	0.26 (0.22 - 0.29)	0.63 (0.57 - 0.69)	1.0 (0.90 - 1.1)	2.0 (1.7 - 2.3)

Table 8.3.9: Cadmium (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a41 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a41 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a41 footnotes Table a41 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a41 footnote a referrer Table a41 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a41 footnote b referrer Table a41 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a41 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a41 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3028	5.68	0.32 (0.28 - 0.35)	0.13 (0.11 - 0.15)	0.31 (0.27 - 0.36)	0.49 (0.43 - 0.55)	1.1 (0.97 - 1.3)
Males, 6-11 years
1	521	13.05	0.34 (0.32 - 0.37)	<LOD	0.33 (0.31 - 0.36)	0.46 (0.41 - 0.51)	0.83 (0.68 - 0.97)
2	530	7.55	0.30 (0.24 - 0.37)	0.13^E (<LOD - 0.19)	0.30 (0.24 - 0.36)	0.45 (0.35 - 0.56)	0.86 (0.73 - 0.98)
Males, 12-19 years
1	504	8.13	0.23 (0.21 - 0.25)	0.12 (<LOD - 0.14)	0.22 (0.21 - 0.24)	0.31 (0.26 - 0.35)	0.53^E (0.30 - 0.75)
2	541	6.10	0.20 (0.17 - 0.23)	0.099 (0.078 - 0.12)	0.20 (0.17 - 0.23)	0.27 (0.21 - 0.33)	0.49^E (0.27 - 0.71)
Males, 20-39 years
1	512	11.91	0.26 (0.25 - 0.28)	<LOD	0.25 (0.23 - 0.27)	0.37 (0.34 - 0.40)	0.65 (0.54 - 0.76)
2	550	6.55	0.22 (0.19 - 0.26)	0.099 (<LOD - 0.12)	0.22 (0.18 - 0.26)	0.35 (0.28 - 0.42)	0.62 (0.40 - 0.85)
Males, 40-59 years
1	574	6.62	0.43 (0.39 - 0.48)	0.17 (<LOD - 0.21)	0.42 (0.37 - 0.47)	0.69 (0.59 - 0.80)	1.2 (0.97 - 1.4)
2	615	5.37	0.38 (0.33 - 0.44)	0.17 (<LOD - 0.20)	0.37 (0.29 - 0.45)	0.60 (0.46 - 0.75)	1.2 (0.85 - 1.5)
Males, 60-79 years
1	541	2.22	0.60 (0.53 - 0.68)	0.26 (0.24 - 0.29)	0.56 (0.48 - 0.64)	0.99 (0.75 - 1.2)	1.7 (1.4 - 2.0)
2	503	0.99	0.52 (0.45 - 0.61)	0.23 (<LOD - 0.27)	0.49 (0.41 - 0.58)	0.81 (0.60 - 1.0)	1.6 (1.3 - 1.9)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a41 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3263	7.42	0.44 (0.40 - 0.48)	0.16 (0.14 - 0.18)	0.43 (0.38 - 0.47)	0.74 (0.67 - 0.80)	1.9 (1.4 - 2.4)
Females, 6-11 years
1	509	16.50	0.34 (0.29 - 0.40)	<LOD	0.33 (0.29 - 0.37)	0.47 (0.38 - 0.55)	0.90 (0.68 - 1.1)
2	528	11.93	0.27 (0.23 - 0.31)	<LOD	0.27 (0.23 - 0.31)	0.40 (0.31 - 0.48)	0.76 (0.58 - 0.95)
Females, 12-19 years
1	478	12.97	0.25 (0.22 - 0.27)	<LOD	0.25 (0.23 - 0.27)	0.31 (0.29 - 0.33)	0.53 (0.39 - 0.67)
2	498	9.24	0.20 (0.17 - 0.23)	0.097 (<LOD - 0.12)	0.21 (0.18 - 0.23)	0.28 (0.24 - 0.31)	0.44 (0.36 - 0.51)
Females, 20-39 years
1	653	14.24	0.37 (0.34 - 0.41)	<LOD	0.35 (0.31 - 0.38)	0.55 (0.49 - 0.61)	1.0 (0.77 - 1.3)
2	769	7.54	0.34 (0.29 - 0.39)	0.14 (0.12 - 0.16)	0.34 (0.26 - 0.43)	0.51 (0.42 - 0.60)	0.85 (0.76 - 0.95)
Females, 40-59 years
1	644	8.07	0.67 (0.64 - 0.71)	0.28 (<LOD - 0.33)	0.65 (0.59 - 0.72)	1.0 (0.94 - 1.1)	2.3 (2.1 - 2.5)
2	608	3.95	0.59 (0.50 - 0.68)	0.25 (0.20 - 0.29)	0.54 (0.44 - 0.64)	0.94 (0.77 - 1.1)	2.4 (1.7 - 3.0)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	4.06	0.81 (0.75 - 0.87)	0.36 (<LOD - 0.39)	0.79 (0.71 - 0.88)	1.2 (0.97 - 1.4)	2.4 (2.0 - 2.8)
2	577	2.25	0.76 (0.72 - 0.81)	0.31 (0.24 - 0.38)	0.75 (0.68 - 0.82)	1.1 (1.0 - 1.3)	2.6 (1.9 - 3.2)

Table 8.4.1: Cesium -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a42 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a42 footnotes Table a42 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a42 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	6311	0.02	4.6 (4.3 - 4.9)	1.7 (1.6 - 1.9)	4.9 (4.6 - 5.3)	7.3 (6.7 - 7.9)	12 (11 - 14)
3-5 years
2	573	0	5.3 (4.8 - 5.8)	2.6 (2.0 - 3.2)	5.5 (4.9 - 6.1)	7.6 (6.6 - 8.6)	11 (10 - 12)
6-11 years
2	1062	0	4.9 (4.6 - 5.3)	2.4 (2.0 - 2.7)	5.2 (4.7 - 5.7)	7.0 (6.5 - 7.6)	11 (10 - 12)
12-19 years
2	1041	0.1	4.6 (4.2 - 5.1)	1.7 (1.4 - 2.1)	5.0 (4.4 - 5.5)	7.3 (6.5 - 8.0)	11 (9.6 - 12)
20-39 years
2	1321	0	4.4 (4.1 - 4.8)	1.7 (1.3 - 2.0)	4.8 (4.3 - 5.2)	7.2 (6.4 - 8.0)	11 (9.3 - 14)
40-59 years
2	1228	0	4.8 (4.3 - 5.5)	1.7 (1.5 - 1.9)	5.2 (4.5 - 5.8)	7.9 (6.8 - 8.9)	14 (11 - 17)
60-79 years
2	1086	0	4.2 (3.9 - 4.5)	1.7 (1.6 - 1.9)	4.3 (3.8 - 4.8)	6.7 (6.1 - 7.3)	12 (10 - 13)

Table 8.4.2: Cesium -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a43 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a43 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a43 footnotes Table a43 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a43 footnote a referrer Table a43 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a43 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	3036	0	4.9 (4.5 - 5.3)	1.9 (1.7 - 2.2)	5.2 (4.7 - 5.6)	7.6 (6.9 - 8.3)	13 (12 - 14)
Males, 6-11 years
2	532	0	5.1 (4.6 - 5.6)	2.6 (2.3 - 2.9)	5.1 (4.4 - 5.7)	6.9 (6.1 - 7.7)	11 (9.9 - 13)
Males, 12-19 years
2	542	0	4.9 (4.3 - 5.5)	2.1 (1.6 - 2.7)	5.2 (4.5 - 5.8)	7.3 (6.4 - 8.3)	11 (7.9 - 13)
Males, 20-39 years
2	551	0	4.6 (4.2 - 5.1)	1.8 (1.4 - 2.2)	5.1 (4.6 - 5.7)	7.3 (6.4 - 8.2)	12 (9.9 - 15)
Males, 40-59 years
2	616	0	5.2 (4.4 - 6.2)	1.9 (1.4 - 2.3)	5.5 (4.4 - 6.6)	8.4 (6.3 - 11)	14 (11 - 17)
Males, 60-79 years
2	505	0	4.5 (4.1 - 5.0)	1.9 (1.6 - 2.3)	4.7 (4.2 - 5.2)	7.1 (6.4 - 7.7)	12 (9.9 - 14)
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	3275	0.03	4.3 (4.1 - 4.6)	1.6 (1.4 - 1.7)	4.6 (4.3 - 4.9)	7.0 (6.5 - 7.5)	11 (10 - 13)
Females, 6-11 years
2	530	0	4.8 (4.4 - 5.2)	1.9 (1.7 - 2.2)	5.3 (4.8 - 5.7)	7.2 (6.6 - 7.9)	10 (9.2 - 12)
Females, 12-19 years
2	499	0.2	4.3 (3.9 - 4.8)	1.5 (1.2 - 1.8)	4.6 (4.0 - 5.3)	7.2 (6.4 - 8.0)	11 (9.6 - 12)
Females, 20-39 years
2	770	0	4.2 (3.7 - 4.8)	1.5 (1.0 - 2.0)	4.5 (4.0 - 5.1)	7.0 (5.9 - 8.1)	10 (8.9 - 12)
Females, 40-59 years
2	612	0	4.5 (4.0 - 5.0)	1.5 (1.3 - 1.8)	5.0 (4.5 - 5.4)	7.3 (6.3 - 8.2)	13 (8.8 - 16)
Females, 60-79 years
2	581	0	3.9 (3.6 - 4.3)	1.6 (1.3 - 1.8)	3.8 (3.2 - 4.4)	6.2 (5.5 - 7.0)	11 (9.2 - 13)

Table 8.4.3: Cesium (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a44 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a44 footnotes Table a44 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a44 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	6291	0.02	4.4 (4.2 - 4.6)	2.5 (2.4 - 2.6)	4.3 (4.1 - 4.6)	5.8 (5.5 - 6.1)	9.9 (9.0 - 11)
3-5 years
2	572	0	8.9 (8.3 - 9.6)	5.2 (4.5 - 5.8)	8.9 (8.3 - 9.5)	12 (11 - 13)	19 (16 - 22)
6-11 years
2	1058	0	5.6 (5.3 - 5.9)	3.3 (3.1 - 3.5)	5.4 (5.0 - 5.9)	7.3 (6.8 - 7.9)	11 (10 - 12)
12-19 years
2	1039	0.1	3.4 (3.3 - 3.5)	2.1 (2.0 - 2.2)	3.4 (3.3 - 3.6)	4.6 (4.4 - 4.8)	6.5 (5.8 - 7.2)
20-39 years
2	1319	0	3.6 (3.4 - 3.8)	2.3 (2.1 - 2.4)	3.5 (3.2 - 3.7)	4.8 (4.4 - 5.2)	6.7 (5.5 - 7.9)
40-59 years
2	1223	0	4.7 (4.3 - 5.0)	2.7 (2.5 - 2.9)	4.6 (4.2 - 5.0)	6.1 (5.6 - 6.6)	9.8 (7.7 - 12)
60-79 years
2	1080	0	5.0 (4.7 - 5.2)	2.8 (2.5 - 3.0)	5.0 (4.8 - 5.1)	6.5 (6.1 - 6.9)	11 (10 - 12)

Table 8.4.4: Cesium (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a45 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a45 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a45 footnotes Table a45 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a45 footnote a referrer Table a45 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a45 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	3028	0	4.0 (3.8 - 4.2)	2.3 (2.2 - 2.4)	3.8 (3.6 - 4.1)	5.3 (5.0 - 5.6)	9.0 (7.9 - 10)
Males, 6-11 years
2	530	0	5.5 (5.1 - 6.0)	3.2 (2.9 - 3.5)	5.3 (4.8 - 5.9)	7.6 (7.0 - 8.2)	11 (10 - 12)
Males, 12-19 years
2	541	0	3.3 (3.1 - 3.5)	1.9 (1.7 - 2.1)	3.3 (3.0 - 3.5)	4.5 (4.1 - 4.8)	6.9 (5.2 - 8.6)
Males, 20-39 years
2	550	0	3.2 (3.0 - 3.4)	2.1 (1.7 - 2.4)	3.2 (3.0 - 3.4)	4.1 (3.8 - 4.4)	5.6 (5.3 - 5.9)
Males, 40-59 years
2	615	0	4.2 (3.8 - 4.6)	2.6 (2.2 - 2.9)	4.1 (3.7 - 4.6)	5.6 (5.0 - 6.1)	8.2 (6.0 - 10)
Males, 60-79 years
2	503	0	4.4 (4.1 - 4.7)	2.6 (2.4 - 2.8)	4.5 (4.2 - 4.7)	5.6 (5.0 - 6.2)	8.6 (7.1 - 10)
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	3263	0.03	4.8 (4.6 - 5.1)	2.7 (2.5 - 2.9)	4.7 (4.4 - 5.0)	6.3 (5.9 - 6.8)	11 (9.4 - 13)
Females, 6-11 years
2	528	0	5.6 (5.3 - 6.0)	3.6 (3.3 - 3.8)	5.5 (5.0 - 6.1)	7.0 (6.5 - 7.5)	11 (9.7 - 12)
Females, 12-19 years
2	498	0.2	3.6 (3.4 - 3.7)	2.2 (2.0 - 2.4)	3.5 (3.3 - 3.8)	4.7 (4.5 - 4.9)	6.3 (5.7 - 7.0)
Females, 20-39 years
2	769	0	4.1 (3.8 - 4.4)	2.5 (2.2 - 2.8)	4.0 (3.7 - 4.4)	5.2 (4.7 - 5.6)	8.0 (7.0 - 9.0)
Females, 40-59 years
2	608	0	5.2 (4.7 - 5.7)	3.0 (2.8 - 3.2)	5.0 (4.5 - 5.4)	6.7 (5.9 - 7.6)	12 (8.0 - 15)
Females, 60-79 years
2	577	0	5.6 (5.2 - 5.9)	3.1 (2.6 - 3.6)	5.5 (5.2 - 5.8)	7.2 (6.8 - 7.6)	12 (11 - 13)

Table 8.5.1: Cobalt -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a46 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a46 footnotes Table a46 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a46 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	6070	0.02	0.23 (0.21 - 0.24)	0.15 (0.13 - 0.17)	0.22 (0.20 - 0.24)	0.27 (0.25 - 0.29)	0.40 (0.36 - 0.43)
3-5 years
2	495	0	0.26 (0.23 - 0.28)	0.17 (0.13 - 0.21)	0.26 (0.24 - 0.28)	0.31 (0.29 - 0.33)	0.42 (0.32 - 0.52)
6-11 years
2	961	0	0.25 (0.23 - 0.27)	0.18 (0.16 - 0.20)	0.24 (0.22 - 0.26)	0.29 (0.27 - 0.31)	0.37 (0.34 - 0.40)
12-19 years
2	997	0.10	0.23 (0.21 - 0.25)	0.16 (0.14 - 0.18)	0.23 (0.21 - 0.25)	0.27 (0.25 - 0.30)	0.38 (0.34 - 0.41)
20-39 years
2	1313	0	0.22 (0.20 - 0.24)	0.14 (0.12 - 0.16)	0.21 (0.19 - 0.23)	0.27 (0.24 - 0.30)	0.40 (0.35 - 0.44)
40-59 years
2	1222	0	0.22 (0.21 - 0.24)	0.14 (0.12 - 0.16)	0.21 (0.20 - 0.23)	0.26 (0.24 - 0.28)	0.43 (0.34 - 0.52)
60-79 years
2	1082	0	0.22 (0.20 - 0.24)	0.14 (0.12 - 0.16)	0.22 (0.20 - 0.24)	0.26 (0.24 - 0.29)	0.39 (0.35 - 0.42)

Table 8.5.2: Cobalt -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a47 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a47 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a47 footnotes Table a47 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a47 footnote a referrer Table a47 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a47 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	2940	0.03	0.21 (0.19 - 0.23)	0.14 (0.12 - 0.16)	0.21 (0.19 - 0.22)	0.25 (0.23 - 0.27)	0.33 (0.30 - 0.37)
Males, 6-11 years
2	488	0	0.24 (0.23 - 0.27)	0.18 (0.17 - 0.20)	0.24 (0.22 - 0.26)	0.29 (0.26 - 0.31)	0.39 (0.34 - 0.43)
Males, 12-19 years
2	523	0.19	0.22 (0.20 - 0.24)	0.15 (0.13 - 0.17)	0.22 (0.19 - 0.24)	0.26 (0.23 - 0.29)	0.36 (0.32 - 0.40)
Males, 20-39 years
2	552	0	0.20 (0.19 - 0.22)	0.14 (0.12 - 0.17)	0.20 (0.18 - 0.22)	0.24 (0.21 - 0.27)	0.29 (0.27 - 0.32)
Males, 40-59 years
2	617	0	0.20 (0.19 - 0.22)	0.13 (0.11 - 0.15)	0.20 (0.18 - 0.22)	0.24 (0.22 - 0.26)	0.30 (0.27 - 0.33)
Males, 60-79 years
2	507	0	0.21 (0.20 - 0.23)	0.14 (0.12 - 0.16)	0.21 (0.19 - 0.23)	0.26 (0.23 - 0.28)	0.40 (0.33 - 0.47)
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	3130	0	0.24 (0.22 - 0.26)	0.15 (0.14 - 0.17)	0.23 (0.21 - 0.26)	0.29 (0.27 - 0.31)	0.44 (0.38 - 0.50)
Females, 6-11 years
2	473	0	0.25 (0.23 - 0.27)	0.17 (0.14 - 0.20)	0.25 (0.22 - 0.27)	0.30 (0.27 - 0.33)	0.37 (0.34 - 0.39)
Females, 12-19 years
2	474	0	0.25 (0.23 - 0.27)	0.17 (0.15 - 0.19)	0.25 (0.23 - 0.26)	0.29 (0.26 - 0.31)	0.39 (0.34 - 0.44)
Females, 20-39 years
2	761	0	0.24 (0.21 - 0.27)	0.15 (0.13 - 0.17)	0.23 (0.20 - 0.27)	0.30 (0.27 - 0.33)	0.45 (0.36 - 0.53)
Females, 40-59 years
2	605	0	0.24 (0.23 - 0.26)	0.16 (0.14 - 0.18)	0.23 (0.22 - 0.25)	0.29 (0.26 - 0.31)	0.51 (0.41 - 0.62)
Females, 60-79 years
2	575	0	0.23 (0.21 - 0.25)	0.15 (0.13 - 0.16)	0.22 (0.20 - 0.24)	0.28 (0.24 - 0.31)	0.38 (0.35 - 0.42)

Table 8.5.3: Cobalt -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a48 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a48 footnotes Table a48 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a48 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	6304	6.87	0.23 (0.21 - 0.26)	<LOD	0.25 (0.22 - 0.29)	0.44 (0.40 - 0.49)	0.97 (0.86 - 1.1)
3-5 years
2	573	2.79	0.34 (0.30 - 0.39)	0.10 (0.068 - 0.13)	0.37 (0.31 - 0.43)	0.55 (0.48 - 0.63)	1.1^E (0.65 - 1.6)
6-11 years
2	1061	1.60	0.38 (0.35 - 0.41)	0.12 (0.098 - 0.14)	0.40 (0.37 - 0.43)	0.58 (0.53 - 0.64)	1.1 (0.95 - 1.3)
12-19 years
2	1041	3.17	0.36 (0.32 - 0.41)	0.086 (<LOD - 0.11)	0.36 (0.32 - 0.41)	0.62 (0.54 - 0.71)	1.5 (1.2 - 1.9)
20-39 years
2	1320	7.80	0.24 (0.20 - 0.27)	<LOD	0.26 (0.21 - 0.30)	0.45 (0.37 - 0.52)	0.92 (0.75 - 1.1)
40-59 years
2	1224	11.11	0.20 (0.17 - 0.23)	<LOD	0.22 (0.17 - 0.27)	0.41 (0.36 - 0.46)	0.85 (0.72 - 0.97)
60-79 years
2	1085	11.80	0.18 (0.15 - 0.21)	<LOD	0.18 (0.14 - 0.23)	0.32 (0.26 - 0.38)	0.74 (0.51 - 0.98)

Table 8.5.4: Cobalt -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations ( μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a49 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a49 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a49 footnotes Table a49 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a49 footnote a referrer Table a49 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a49 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	3035	7.35	0.21 (0.19 - 0.24)	<LOD	0.23 (0.19 - 0.28)	0.41 (0.35 - 0.46)	0.81 (0.71 - 0.91)
Males, 6-11 years
2	532	1.50	0.39 (0.35 - 0.44)	0.13 (0.087 - 0.18)	0.42 (0.37 - 0.46)	0.59 (0.48 - 0.69)	1.0 (0.72 - 1.3)
Males, 12-19 years
2	542	3.51	0.34 (0.29 - 0.40)	0.091^E (<LOD - 0.13)	0.36 (0.30 - 0.42)	0.55 (0.47 - 0.64)	1.2 (0.86 - 1.5)
Males, 20-39 years
2	551	10.34	0.19 (0.16 - 0.23)	<LOD	0.20 (0.16 - 0.25)	0.35 (0.27 - 0.43)	0.69 (0.55 - 0.82)
Males, 40-59 years
2	615	11.87	0.18 (0.15 - 0.22)	<LOD	0.20 (0.14 - 0.26)	0.34 (0.27 - 0.40)	0.60 (0.49 - 0.71)
Males, 60-79 years
2	505	11.09	0.18 (0.16 - 0.21)	<LOD	0.18 (0.14 - 0.23)	0.33 (0.27 - 0.38)	0.70^E (0.45 - 0.96)
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	3269	6.42	0.25 (0.23 - 0.28)	<LOD	0.27 (0.24 - 0.30)	0.52 (0.46 - 0.57)	1.1 (1.0 - 1.3)
Females, 6-11 years
2	529	1.70	0.36 (0.33 - 0.40)	0.11 (0.084 - 0.14)	0.37 (0.33 - 0.41)	0.57 (0.49 - 0.66)	1.2 (1.0 - 1.3)
Females, 12-19 years
2	499	2.81	0.38 (0.32 - 0.45)	0.080^E (<LOD - 0.12)	0.37 (0.31 - 0.44)	0.73 (0.64 - 0.83)	1.8^E (1.1 - 2.6)
Females, 20-39 years
2	769	5.98	0.29 (0.24 - 0.35)	<LOD^E (<LOD - 0.078)	0.33 (0.26 - 0.39)	0.58 (0.47 - 0.69)	1.2 (0.97 - 1.3)
Females, 40-59 years
2	609	10.34	0.22 (0.19 - 0.26)	<LOD	0.24 (0.19 - 0.29)	0.50 (0.39 - 0.61)	0.99 (0.64 - 1.4)
Females, 60-79 years
2	580	12.41	0.17 (0.14 - 0.21)	<LOD	0.18 (0.13 - 0.23)	0.31 (0.23 - 0.39)	0.76^E (0.41 - 1.1)

Table 8.5.5: Cobalt (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a50 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a50 footnotes Table a50 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a50 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	6285	6.89	0.22 (0.20 - 0.25)	<LOD	0.22 (0.19 - 0.24)	0.38 (0.34 - 0.41)	0.88 (0.79 - 0.97)
3-5 years
2	572	2.80	0.59 (0.52 - 0.66)	0.30 (0.25 - 0.36)	0.60 (0.54 - 0.66)	0.78 (0.60 - 0.97)	1.5 (1.2 - 1.7)
6-11 years
2	1057	1.61	0.43 (0.40 - 0.46)	0.23 (0.21 - 0.26)	0.43 (0.40 - 0.46)	0.59 (0.54 - 0.64)	1.1 (0.91 - 1.3)
12-19 years
2	1039	3.18	0.27 (0.25 - 0.30)	0.11 (<LOD - 0.13)	0.26 (0.24 - 0.29)	0.43 (0.39 - 0.46)	0.91 (0.77 - 1.1)
20-39 years
2	1318	7.81	0.20 (0.17 - 0.22)	<LOD	0.19 (0.16 - 0.22)	0.32 (0.27 - 0.38)	0.77 (0.58 - 0.96)
40-59 years
2	1220	11.15	0.19 (0.17 - 0.22)	<LOD	0.19 (0.16 - 0.22)	0.30 (0.26 - 0.34)	0.82 (0.67 - 0.97)
60-79 years
2	1079	11.86	0.21 (0.18 - 0.24)	<LOD	0.21 (0.18 - 0.23)	0.32 (0.26 - 0.38)	0.76 (0.57 - 0.94)

Table 8.5.6: Cobalt (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a51 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a51 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a51 footnotes Table a51 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a51 footnote a referrer Table a51 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a51 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	3028	7.36	0.17 (0.16 - 0.20)	<LOD	0.17 (0.14 - 0.19)	0.28 (0.24 - 0.31)	0.68 (0.61 - 0.75)
Males, 6-11 years
2	530	1.51	0.43 (0.38 - 0.49)	0.23 (0.21 - 0.26)	0.44 (0.39 - 0.50)	0.60 (0.54 - 0.66)	1.1 (0.81 - 1.5)
Males, 12-19 years
2	541	3.51	0.23 (0.21 - 0.26)	0.11 (<LOD - 0.13)	0.23 (0.20 - 0.26)	0.37 (0.33 - 0.42)	0.75 (0.58 - 0.92)
Males, 20-39 years
2	550	10.36	0.14 (0.11 - 0.16)	<LOD	0.13 (0.11 - 0.16)	0.20 (0.15 - 0.26)	0.37 (0.29 - 0.46)
Males, 40-59 years
2	615	11.87	0.14 (0.13 - 0.17)	<LOD	0.15 (0.13 - 0.17)	0.21 (0.19 - 0.24)	0.43 (0.35 - 0.51)
Males, 60-79 years
2	503	11.13	0.18 (0.16 - 0.20)	<LOD	0.18 (0.15 - 0.20)	0.27 (0.23 - 0.30)	0.65 (0.48 - 0.81)
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	3257	6.45	0.28 (0.25 - 0.32)	<LOD	0.28 (0.25 - 0.31)	0.46 (0.41 - 0.52)	0.98 (0.85 - 1.1)
Females, 6-11 years
2	527	1.71	0.43 (0.39 - 0.46)	0.23 (0.20 - 0.26)	0.42 (0.38 - 0.46)	0.56 (0.48 - 0.65)	1.0 (0.85 - 1.2)
Females, 12-19 years
2	498	2.81	0.32 (0.28 - 0.36)	0.13 (<LOD - 0.15)	0.31 (0.27 - 0.35)	0.49 (0.42 - 0.55)	1.1 (0.78 - 1.5)
Females, 20-39 years
2	768	5.99	0.28 (0.25 - 0.32)	<LOD (<LOD - 0.15)	0.27 (0.21 - 0.32)	0.47 (0.37 - 0.56)	0.89 (0.78 - 1.0)
Females, 40-59 years
2	605	10.41	0.26 (0.22 - 0.30)	<LOD	0.26 (0.21 - 0.31)	0.41 (0.32 - 0.50)	0.92 (0.67 - 1.2)
Females, 60-79 years
2	576	12.50	0.24 (0.20 - 0.29)	<LOD	0.23 (0.20 - 0.26)	0.37 (0.29 - 0.45)	0.78 (0.56 - 1.0)

Table 8.6.1: Copper -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a52 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a52 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a52 footnotes Table a52 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a52 footnote a referrer Table a52 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a52 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5318	0	910 (900 - 930)	750 (740 - 760)	890 (870 - 900)	990 (980 - 1000)	1200 (1200 - 1300)
2	5575	0	900 (890 - 910)	710 (700 - 720)	850 (840 - 860)	950 (940 - 960)	1200 (1200 - 1300)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2575	0	850 (840 - 870)	720 (710 - 740)	840 (830 - 860)	910 (890 - 930)	1000 (980 - 1100)
2	2687	0	830 (820 - 850)	680 (670 - 690)	800 (780 - 810)	870 (860 - 890)	1000 (990 - 1000)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2743	0	980 (970 - 1000)	800 (780 - 820)	960 (940 - 970)	1000 (1000 - 1100)	1400 (1300 - 1400)
2	2888	0	970 (960 - 980)	770 (760 - 780)	920 (910 - 930)	1000 (1000 - 1000)	1300 (1300 - 1400)

Table 8.6.2: Copper -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a53 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a53 footnotes Table a53 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a53 footnote a referrer Table a53 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a53 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a53 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6070	0	900 (900 - 910)	710 (700 - 720)	860 (850 - 860)	960 (950 - 970)	1200 (1200 - 1300)
3-5 years
1^{Table a53 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	495	0	1000 (1000 - 1100)	860 (830 - 890)	1000 (970 - 1000)	1100 (1100 - 1200)	1300 (1200 - 1300)
6-11 years
1	909	0	970 (950 - 1000)	820 (790 - 860)	970 (950 - 980)	1000 (980 - 1000)	1200 (1100 - 1200)
2	961	0	980 (960 - 990)	800 (780 - 820)	930 (920 - 950)	1000 (1000 - 1100)	1200 (1100 - 1300)
12-19 years
1	945	0	900 (870 - 920)	720 (700 - 750)	860 (840 - 870)	970 (930 - 1000)	1300 (1100 - 1500)
2	997	0	880 (860 - 890)	680 (660 - 700)	810 (800 - 830)	920 (910 - 940)	1400 (1300 - 1400)
20-39 years
1	1165	0	920 (900 - 940)	730 (710 - 750)	870 (840 - 890)	990 (980 - 1000)	1400 (1300 - 1500)
2	1313	0	890 (880 - 910)	700 (680 - 720)	820 (810 - 840)	940 (920 - 960)	1300 (1200 - 1400)
40-59 years
1	1220	0	900 (890 - 920)	760 (740 - 770)	890 (870 - 900)	980 (960 - 1000)	1100 (1100 - 1200)
2	1222	0	900 (880 - 910)	720 (710 - 730)	860 (840 - 880)	950 (930 - 960)	1100 (1100 - 1100)
60-79 years
1	1079	0	920 (900 - 930)	770 (750 - 790)	900 (880 - 920)	990 (980 - 1000)	1100 (1100 - 1200)
2	1082	0	900 (890 - 920)	720 (710 - 730)	860 (850 - 880)	960 (940 - 970)	1100 (1100 - 1200)

Table 8.6.3: Copper -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a54 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a54 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a54 footnotes Table a54 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a54 footnote a referrer Table a54 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a54 footnote b referrer Table a54 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a54 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a54 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	2940	0	840 (830 - 850)	680 (670 - 690)	800 (790 - 810)	880 (870 - 890)	1000 (1000 - 1100)
Males, 6-11 years
1	458	0	1000 (970 - 1000)	850 (820 - 870)	990 (980 - 1000)	1000 (1000 - 1100)	1200 (1100 - 1300)
2	488	0	1000 (980 - 1000)	830 (800 - 850)	960 (930 - 1000)	1100 (1000 - 1100)	1200 (1200 - 1300)
Males, 12-19 years
1	489	0	830 (820 - 850)	700 (680 - 730)	820 (800 - 840)	890 (870 - 920)	1000 (990 - 1100)
2	523	0	810 (790 - 830)	650 (630 - 680)	770 (750 - 790)	850 (820 - 890)	960 (930 - 1000)
Males, 20-39 years
1	514	0	820 (800 - 840)	700 (680 - 730)	820 (800 - 840)	880 (860 - 910)	990 (950 - 1000)
2	552	0	810 (790 - 820)	670 (660 - 690)	770 (750 - 790)	830 (810 - 850)	930 (900 - 960)
Males, 40-59 years
1	577	0	850 (830 - 870)	730 (710 - 760)	850 (830 - 860)	900 (880 - 910)	1000 (990 - 1000)
2	617	0	840 (820 - 860)	690 (660 - 710)	800 (780 - 820)	880 (850 - 910)	990 (950 - 1000)
Males, 60-79 years
1	537	0	860 (850 - 880)	740 (730 - 750)	860 (840 - 880)	920 (890 - 940)	1000 (950 - 1100)
2	507	0	840 (830 - 850)	690 (670 - 710)	810 (790 - 820)	870 (860 - 890)	1000 (970 - 1000)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a54 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3130	0	970 (960 - 980)	770 (760 - 780)	920 (910 - 930)	1000 (1000 - 1000)	1300 (1300 - 1400)
Females, 6-11 years
1	451	0	950 (930 - 980)	790 (750 - 830)	960 (940 - 980)	1000 (980 - 1000)	1200 (1100 - 1200)
2	473	0	950 (930 - 970)	780 (770 - 800)	910 (890 - 930)	990 (960 - 1000)	1200 (1000 - 1300)
Females, 12-19 years
1	456	0	970 (930 - 1000)	750 (740 - 770)	920 (890 - 950)	1100 (980 - 1200)	1600 (1400 - 1700)
2	474	0	960 (930 - 980)	710 (700 - 730)	870 (850 - 900)	1100 (1000 - 1100)	1500 (1400 - 1600)
Females, 20-39 years
1	651	0	1000 (1000 - 1100)	800 (760 - 840)	980 (960 - 1000)	1100 (1100 - 1200)	1600 (1400 - 1700)
2	761	0	990 (960 - 1000)	760 (750 - 780)	920 (890 - 950)	1100 (970 - 1200)	1500 (1300 - 1600)
Females, 40-59 years
1	643	0	960 (940 - 980)	800 (770 - 840)	950 (930 - 970)	1000 (970 - 1000)	1200 (1100 - 1200)
2	605	0	960 (940 - 970)	780 (770 - 800)	920 (900 - 940)	1000 (990 - 1000)	1200 (1100 - 1200)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	0	970 (950 - 990)	820 (800 - 830)	960 (940 - 970)	1000 (980 - 1000)	1200 (1100 - 1300)
2	575	0	970 (950 - 1000)	790 (770 - 800)	930 (910 - 950)	1000 (990 - 1000)	1200 (1100 - 1400)

Table 8.6.4: Copper -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a55 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a55 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a55 footnotes Table a55 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a55 footnote a referrer Table a55 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a55 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5492	0.29	9.0 (8.2 - 9.8)	3.0 (2.5 - 3.5)	9.9 (9.5 - 10)	15 (14 - 16)	26 (25 - 28)
2	5738	0.19	11 (10 - 11)	4.0 (3.6 - 4.4)	12 (11 - 13)	17 (17 - 18)	28 (26 - 29)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2662	0.23	10 (9.3 - 11)	3.8 (3.1 - 4.5)	11 (10 - 12)	16 (15 - 17)	27 (25 - 28)
2	2746	0.18	12 (11 - 12)	4.7 (4.3 - 5.1)	13 (12 - 13)	18 (17 - 19)	28 (25 - 30)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2830	0.35	8.0 (7.3 - 8.9)	2.9 (2.4 - 3.3)	8.8 (8.0 - 9.7)	14 (13 - 15)	25 (23 - 27)
2	2992	0.20	10 (9.6 - 11)	3.7 (3.2 - 4.1)	11 (11 - 12)	17 (16 - 17)	28 (26 - 29)

Table 8.6.5: Copper -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a56 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a56 footnotes Table a56 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a56 footnote a referrer Table a56 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a56 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a56 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6311	0.21	11 (10 - 11)	4.1 (3.7 - 4.5)	12 (11 - 13)	17 (17 - 18)	28 (27 - 29)
3-5 years
1^{Table a56 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	573	0.35	12 (12 - 13)	5.8 (5.2 - 6.3)	13 (12 - 14)	18 (16 - 20)	28 (24 - 31)
6-11 years
1	1034	0.29	10 (9.4 - 12)	3.8 (2.9 - 4.6)	12 (10 - 13)	17 (16 - 18)	27 (25 - 29)
2	1062	0	13 (12 - 14)	6.0 (5.4 - 6.6)	13 (13 - 14)	18 (17 - 19)	26 (24 - 28)
12-19 years
1	983	0.31	12 (11 - 14)	4.4 (3.1 - 5.6)	13 (13 - 14)	19 (18 - 20)	32 (30 - 35)
2	1041	0.10	13 (12 - 14)	5.6 (4.7 - 6.5)	14 (13 - 15)	19 (18 - 20)	31 (28 - 34)
20-39 years
1	1169	0.43	8.6 (7.5 - 9.8)	3.0 (2.3 - 3.7)	9.5 (8.5 - 10)	15 (14 - 16)	25 (23 - 28)
2	1321	0.30	11 (10 - 12)	4.1 (3.2 - 5.0)	12 (11 - 13)	18 (17 - 19)	29 (26 - 32)
40-59 years
1	1223	0.41	8.1 (7.4 - 9.0)	2.8 (2.0 - 3.6)	9.2 (8.4 - 9.9)	14 (13 - 15)	24 (22 - 26)
2	1228	0.41	10 (9.5 - 11)	3.7 (3.2 - 4.1)	11 (10 - 12)	17 (15 - 18)	27 (25 - 29)
60-79 years
1	1083	0	9.0 (8.4 - 9.7)	3.4 (2.9 - 4.0)	9.8 (9.2 - 10)	14 (13 - 15)	24 (21 - 27)
2	1086	0.09	9.9 (9.4 - 11)	3.7 (3.4 - 4.0)	11 (10 - 12)	16 (15 - 16)	29 (26 - 32)

Table 8.6.6: Copper -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a57 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a57 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a57 footnotes Table a57 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a57 footnote a referrer Table a57 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a57 footnote b referrer Table a57 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a57 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a57 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3036	0.23	12 (11 - 12)	4.7 (4.3 - 5.1)	13 (12 - 14)	18 (17 - 19)	28 (25 - 30)
Males, 6-11 years
1	524	0	11 (8.8 - 13)	3.9 (2.5 - 5.3)	12 (9.6 - 14)	17 (15 - 19)	27 (25 - 28)
2	532	0	13 (12 - 14)	6.5 (5.5 - 7.5)	14 (13 - 15)	18 (16 - 19)	25 (21 - 29)
Males, 12-19 years
1	505	0.40	12 (10 - 14)	4.8 (3.4 - 6.2)	13 (12 - 14)	17 (16 - 19)	29 (26 - 31)
2	542	0.18	13 (12 - 15)	6.2 (5.3 - 7.2)	14 (13 - 16)	18 (17 - 20)	28 (24 - 33)
Males, 20-39 years
1	514	0.19	9.4 (8.1 - 11)	3.3^E (1.6 - 5.1)	9.9 (8.9 - 11)	16 (15 - 18)	26 (23 - 29)
2	551	0.18	11 (10 - 13)	4.6 (3.7 - 5.5)	12 (11 - 13)	19 (16 - 22)	29 (26 - 33)
Males, 40-59 years
1	578	0.52	9.6 (8.6 - 11)	3.6 (2.9 - 4.3)	11 (9.9 - 12)	15 (14 - 17)	26 (23 - 30)
2	616	0.49	11 (10 - 13)	3.7 (2.5 - 4.9)	12 (10 - 14)	18 (16 - 20)	27 (25 - 29)
Males, 60-79 years
1	541	0	11 (9.9 - 12)	4.8 (4.2 - 5.3)	11 (10 - 12)	16 (14 - 17)	27 (23 - 31)
2	505	0	11 (10 - 12)	4.3 (3.2 - 5.4)	12 (11 - 12)	16 (15 - 17)	29 (25 - 33)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a57 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3275	0.18	10 (9.7 - 11)	3.7 (3.3 - 4.1)	11 (11 - 12)	17 (16 - 17)	28 (26 - 29)
Females, 6-11 years
1	510	0.59	10 (9.4 - 11)	3.5 (2.7 - 4.3)	11 (10 - 12)	17 (16 - 18)	28 (24 - 32)
2	530	0	13 (12 - 14)	5.1 (4.5 - 5.7)	13 (12 - 14)	19 (17 - 21)	27 (26 - 29)
Females, 12-19 years
1	478	0.21	13 (11 - 15)	3.8^E (2.1 - 5.4)	14 (13 - 16)	22 (19 - 25)	34 (30 - 39)
2	499	0	13 (11 - 14)	5.0 (4.1 - 5.9)	13 (12 - 15)	19 (17 - 21)	33 (26 - 39)
Females, 20-39 years
1	655	0.61	7.9 (6.9 - 9.0)	3.0 (2.6 - 3.3)	8.6 (7.2 - 10)	13 (12 - 15)	24 (20 - 28)
2	770	0.39	10 (9.3 - 12)	3.6 (2.6 - 4.6)	12 (10 - 13)	18 (16 - 20)	27 (18 - 36)
Females, 40-59 years
1	645	0.31	6.9 (6.1 - 7.9)	1.8^E (0.63 - 3.0)	7.6 (6.3 - 8.9)	12 (11 - 13)	21 (18 - 25)
2	612	0.33	9.3 (8.4 - 10)	3.5 (2.5 - 4.4)	11 (9.5 - 12)	15 (14 - 16)	25 (20 - 30)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	0	7.6 (6.8 - 8.5)	2.9 (2.6 - 3.3)	8.1 (6.7 - 9.5)	12 (11 - 13)	22 (20 - 25)
2	581	0.17	9.1 (8.3 - 9.9)	3.5 (3.0 - 4.0)	9.9 (8.8 - 11)	15 (13 - 17)	29 (24 - 34)

Table 8.6.7: Copper (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a58 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 (2007-2009) and Cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a58 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a58 footnotes Table a58 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a58 footnote a referrer Table a58 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a58 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5479	0.29	11 (10 - 11)	7.4 (7.1 - 7.7)	10 (9.9 - 10)	13 (12 - 13)	20 (19 - 21)
2	5719	0.19	10 (9.9 - 10)	6.9 (6.7 - 7.1)	9.7 (9.5 - 10)	12 (12 - 12)	19 (18 - 20)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2653	0.23	10 (9.5 - 10)	6.9 (6.6 - 7.1)	9.6 (9.3 - 9.9)	11 (11 - 12)	18 (17 - 19)
2	2739	0.18	9.3 (9.0 - 9.5)	6.6 (6.3 - 6.8)	8.8 (8.5 - 9.1)	11 (11 - 11)	17 (15 - 18)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2826	0.35	12 (11 - 12)	8.2 (7.7 - 8.6)	11 (11 - 11)	14 (13 - 14)	22 (20 - 23)
2	2980	0.20	11 (11 - 11)	7.9 (7.6 - 8.2)	11 (10 - 11)	13 (12 - 13)	20 (19 - 21)

Table 8.6.8: Copper (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a59 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a59 footnotes Table a59 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a59 footnote a referrer Table a59 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a59 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a59 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6291	0.21	10 (10 - 11)	7.0 (6.8 - 7.2)	9.9 (9.7 - 10)	12 (12 - 13)	21 (20 - 21)
3-5 years
1^{Table a59 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	572	0.35	21 (20 - 22)	16 (14 - 17)	21 (20 - 22)	25 (24 - 26)	32 (30 - 35)
6-11 years
1	1031	0.29	16 (15 - 17)	11 (10 - 12)	15 (15 - 16)	18 (18 - 19)	26 (23 - 29)
2	1058	0	14 (14 - 15)	11 (10 - 11)	14 (14 - 15)	17 (17 - 18)	22 (21 - 23)
12-19 years
1	982	0.31	11 (10 - 11)	7.4 (7.0 - 7.8)	9.9 (9.7 - 10)	12 (11 - 13)	20 (17 - 22)
2	1039	0.10	9.7 (9.3 - 10)	6.9 (6.7 - 7.1)	9.2 (8.8 - 9.6)	11 (11 - 12)	17 (15 - 19)
20-39 years
1	1165	0.43	9.6 (9.1 - 10)	6.7 (6.3 - 7.0)	9.5 (9.1 - 9.9)	11 (10 - 11)	15 (14 - 17)
2	1319	0.30	9.0 (8.7 - 9.2)	6.5 (6.1 - 6.9)	8.7 (8.3 - 9.1)	11 (10 - 11)	15 (14 - 16)
40-59 years
1	1218	0.41	10 (9.9 - 11)	7.4 (7.1 - 7.8)	10 (9.8 - 10)	12 (11 - 12)	17 (16 - 18)
2	1223	0.41	9.9 (9.5 - 10)	7.1 (6.8 - 7.4)	9.6 (9.3 - 9.9)	11 (11 - 12)	16 (14 - 18)
60-79 years
1	1083	0	13 (12 - 13)	8.6 (8.1 - 9.2)	12 (11 - 12)	14 (14 - 15)	22 (19 - 25)
2	1080	0.09	12 (11 - 12)	8.2 (7.9 - 8.5)	11 (11 - 12)	14 (13 - 15)	21 (20 - 23)

Table 8.6.9: Copper (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a60 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a60 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a60 footnotes Table a60 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a60 footnote a referrer Table a60 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a60 footnote b referrer Table a60 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a60 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a60 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3028	0.23	9.5 (9.2 - 9.8)	6.6 (6.4 - 6.9)	9.0 (8.7 - 9.2)	11 (11 - 12)	19 (18 - 20)
Males, 6-11 years
1	522	0	16 (15 - 17)	11 (11 - 12)	15 (15 - 16)	18 (17 - 19)	27 (22 - 31)
2	530	0	14 (14 - 15)	11 (10 - 11)	14 (13 - 15)	17 (16 - 18)	21 (18 - 23)
Males, 12-19 years
1	504	0.40	10 (9.3 - 11)	7.2 (6.8 - 7.6)	9.6 (9.2 - 10)	12 (11 - 13)	17 (15 - 20)
2	541	0.18	9.0 (8.5 - 9.6)	6.6 (6.2 - 7.0)	8.6 (8.2 - 9.1)	11 (9.4 - 12)	15 (13 - 16)
Males, 20-39 years
1	512	0.20	8.7 (8.2 - 9.2)	6.4 (6.1 - 6.7)	8.5 (8.0 - 9.0)	9.9 (9.6 - 10)	13 (12 - 14)
2	550	0.18	7.9 (7.6 - 8.3)	6.0 (5.6 - 6.3)	7.7 (7.3 - 8.1)	9.3 (8.8 - 9.8)	13 (11 - 15)
Males, 40-59 years
1	574	0.52	9.5 (8.8 - 10)	7.0 (6.7 - 7.4)	9.4 (9.0 - 9.9)	11 (10 - 11)	16 (13 - 19)
2	615	0.49	9.1 (8.8 - 9.5)	6.8 (6.5 - 7.0)	8.7 (8.3 - 9.1)	10 (9.9 - 11)	14 (11 - 16)
Males, 60-79 years
1	541	0	11 (11 - 12)	7.7 (7.2 - 8.3)	10 (9.8 - 11)	13 (12 - 14)	20 (17 - 24)
2	503	0	11 (10 - 11)	7.8 (7.5 - 8.1)	10 (9.7 - 11)	12 (12 - 12)	19 (16 - 21)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a60 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3263	0.18	11 (11 - 12)	7.9 (7.6 - 8.2)	11 (10 - 11)	13 (13 - 14)	22 (21 - 23)
Females, 6-11 years
1	509	0.59	16 (15 - 17)	11 (9.7 - 12)	16 (15 - 17)	19 (18 - 20)	25 (21 - 28)
2	528	0	15 (14 - 15)	11 (10 - 12)	15 (14 - 15)	17 (17 - 18)	22 (21 - 24)
Females, 12-19 years
1	478	0.21	11 (11 - 12)	7.7 (7.1 - 8.2)	10 (9.6 - 11)	12 (12 - 13)	25 (17 - 33)
2	498	0	10 (10 - 11)	7.4 (7.0 - 7.8)	9.7 (9.1 - 10)	12 (11 - 12)	20 (17 - 22)
Females, 20-39 years
1	653	0.61	11 (10 - 11)	7.7 (7.3 - 8.2)	10 (9.8 - 10)	12 (11 - 12)	18 (14 - 23)
2	769	0.39	10 (9.7 - 11)	7.3 (6.8 - 7.9)	9.6 (8.9 - 10)	11 (11 - 12)	17 (15 - 18)
Females, 40-59 years
1	644	0.31	12 (11 - 12)	8.2 (7.5 - 8.9)	11 (10 - 11)	13 (12 - 13)	20 (16 - 23)
2	608	0.33	11 (10 - 11)	8.0 (7.4 - 8.7)	10 (9.9 - 11)	12 (12 - 13)	19 (15 - 22)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	0	14 (13 - 14)	9.9 (9.2 - 11)	13 (12 - 13)	16 (15 - 17)	24 (21 - 28)
2	577	0.17	13 (12 - 14)	9.1 (8.5 - 9.6)	12 (12 - 13)	15 (14 - 16)	23 (19 - 27)

Table 8.7.1: Fluoride -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a61 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a61 footnotes Table a61 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a61 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	2530	0	500 (460 - 550)	190 (180 - 210)	480 (430 - 540)	840 (750 - 930)	1500 (1300 - 1800)
3-5 years
2	510	0	470 (420 - 520)	190 (140 - 230)	510 (440 - 590)	720 (620 - 820)	1300 (920 - 1700)
6-11 years
2	514	0	500 (440 - 570)	200 (170 - 240)	490 (410 - 560)	820 (720 - 910)	1500 (1100 - 1800)
12-19 years
2	507	0	410 (370 - 460)	170 (150 - 200)	440 (360 - 520)	660 (570 - 750)	1200 (990 - 1400)
20-39 years
2	354	0	530 (470 - 590)	220 (190 - 260)	500 (380 - 620)	900 (750 - 1100)	1500 (1200 - 1800)
40-59 years
2	357	0	510 (430 - 610)	190 (130 - 250)	510 (410 - 620)	880 (740 - 1000)	1800 (1400 - 2300)
60-79 years
2	288	0	490 (440 - 560)	190^E (120 - 260)	470 (410 - 540)	830 (760 - 910)	1600 (1200 - 2000)

Table 8.7.2: Fluoride -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a62 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a62 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a62 footnotes Table a62 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a62 footnote a referrer Table a62 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a62 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	1267	0	530 (470 - 600)	220 (200 - 250)	510 (420 - 600)	870 (740 - 1000)	1600 (1400 - 1900)
Males, 6-11 years
2	262	0	530 (440 - 620)	210 (170 - 260)	500 (350 - 640)	880 (730 - 1000)	1500 (1100 - 1800)
Males, 12-19 years
2	255	0	430 (370 - 480)	190 (150 - 220)	420 (310 - 520)	650 (560 - 740)	1400 (1000 - 1700)
Males, 20-39 years
2	166	0	590 (460 - 750)	260 (220 - 300)	600^E (370 - 840)	980 (720 - 1200)	X
Males, 40-59 years
2	192	0	530 (410 - 670)	210 (130 - 280)	510 (350 - 680)	880 (620 - 1100)	X
Males, 60-79 years
2	141	0	540 (470 - 600)	230 (170 - 280)	510 (390 - 630)	860 (740 - 980)	X
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	1263	0	470 (430 - 520)	180 (150 - 200)	470 (410 - 530)	800 (700 - 900)	1300 (1000 - 1600)
Females, 6-11 years
2	252	0	480 (410 - 560)	200 (140 - 250)	470 (400 - 550)	730 (540 - 910)	1200^E (660 - 1800)
Females, 12-19 years
2	252	0	400 (340 - 460)	160 (120 - 200)	450 (370 - 530)	700 (530 - 860)	1100 (1000 - 1300)
Females, 20-39 years
2	188	0	470 (410 - 540)	190 (160 - 230)	430 (310 - 560)	750 (620 - 890)	X
Females, 40-59 years
2	165	0	500 (400 - 620)	180^E (110 - 240)	510 (350 - 660)	850 (680 - 1000)	X
Females, 60-79 years
2	147	0	460 (360 - 580)	F	460 (360 - 560)	800 (610 - 1000)	X

Table 8.7.3: Fluoride (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a63 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a63 footnotes Table a63 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a63 footnote a referrer
Total, 3-79 years
2	2520	0	500 (450 - 550)	210 (190 - 230)	480 (420 - 550)	800 (710 - 900)	1700 (1300 - 2000)
3-5 years
2	509	0	810 (730 - 900)	400 (340 - 470)	790 (720 - 860)	1100 (890 - 1200)	2800^E (1700 - 3900)
6-11 years
2	512	0	580 (530 - 630)	310 (290 - 330)	570 (510 - 640)	830 (700 - 960)	1600 (1100 - 2100)
12-19 years
2	505	0	320 (280 - 350)	150 (130 - 170)	330 (280 - 370)	460 (390 - 530)	760 (540 - 980)
20-39 years
2	352	0	460 (390 - 550)	210 (170 - 250)	430 (340 - 510)	670 (490 - 850)	F
40-59 years
2	355	0	530 (460 - 600)	220 (180 - 260)	550 (430 - 670)	850 (730 - 980)	1600 (1200 - 2100)
60-79 years
2	287	0	580 (500 - 680)	220 (170 - 270)	560 (440 - 680)	970 (770 - 1200)	2100 (1500 - 2600)

Table 8.7.4: Fluoride (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a64 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a64 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a64 footnotes Table a64 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a64 footnote a referrer Table a64 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a64 footnote b referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
2	1263	0	460 (400 - 530)	200 (170 - 240)	430 (370 - 500)	710 (610 - 810)	1300 (950 - 1700)
Males, 6-11 years
2	261	0	600 (540 - 670)	320 (290 - 360)	590 (530 - 650)	840 (680 - 1000)	1300^E (640 - 2000)
Males, 12-19 years
2	254	0	300 (270 - 340)	150 (120 - 180)	280 (240 - 330)	430 (350 - 520)	700 (550 - 850)
Males, 20-39 years
2	165	0	450 (360 - 560)	200 (140 - 260)	410 (340 - 490)	600 (430 - 780)	X
Males, 40-59 years
2	192	0	460 (400 - 540)	210 (140 - 280)	440 (340 - 550)	700 (590 - 810)	X
Males, 60-79 years
2	141	0	510 (440 - 590)	210^E (130 - 290)	490 (400 - 580)	870 (710 - 1000)	X
Females, Total 3-79 years
2	1257	0	540 (490 - 600)	210 (180 - 240)	530 (460 - 600)	900 (780 - 1000)	2000 (1500 - 2400)
Females, 6-11 years
2	251	0	560 (490 - 640)	290 (250 - 320)	510 (430 - 590)	830 (650 - 1000)	1800 (1200 - 2300)
Females, 12-19 years
2	251	0	330 (290 - 380)	150 (120 - 170)	350 (300 - 400)	480 (410 - 550)	760^E (350 - 1200)
Females, 20-39 years
2	187	0	480 (390 - 590)	220 (160 - 280)	490 (370 - 610)	750 (490 - 1000)	X
Females, 40-59 years
2	163	0	600 (490 - 730)	230^E (110 - 350)	680 (520 - 840)	990 (830 - 1200)	X
Females, 60-79 years
2	146	0	660 (510 - 840)	230 (<LOD - 300)	630 (410 - 850)	1300 (820 - 1700)	X

Table 8.8.1: Lead -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/dL) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a65 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a65 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a65 footnotes Table a65 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a65 footnote a referrer Table a65 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a65 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5319	0.02	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	0.60 (0.56 - 0.64)	1.2 (1.2 - 1.3)	2.0 (1.8 - 2.2)	3.7 (3.3 - 4.2)
2	5575	0	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	0.54 (0.50 - 0.59)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.2)	1.8 (1.6 - 1.9)	3.2 (3.0 - 3.5)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2576	0	1.5 (1.4 - 1.6)	0.71 (0.65 - 0.76)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	2.2 (1.9 - 2.4)	4.2 (3.6 - 4.7)
2	2687	0	1.3 (1.3 - 1.4)	0.62 (0.55 - 0.68)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	1.9 (1.8 - 2.1)	3.5 (3.1 - 3.8)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2743	0.04	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	0.54 (0.50 - 0.59)	1.1 (0.98 - 1.2)	1.7 (1.5 - 1.9)	3.5 (3.0 - 3.9)
2	2888	0	1.1 (1.0 - 1.1)	0.50 (0.45 - 0.54)	1.1 (0.98 - 1.1)	1.5 (1.4 - 1.7)	2.8 (2.6 - 3.0)

Table 8.8.2: Lead -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/dL) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a66 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a66 footnotes Table a66 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a66 footnote a referrer Table a66 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a66 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a66 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6070	0	1.2 (1.1 - 1.2)	0.54 (0.50 - 0.59)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.2)	1.7 (1.6 - 1.8)	3.2 (2.9 - 3.4)
3-5 years
1^{Table a66 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	495	0	0.93 (0.86 - 1.0)	0.51 (0.44 - 0.58)	0.93 (0.86 - 1.0)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	2.1 (1.8 - 2.3)
6-11 years
1	910	0	0.89 (0.81 - 0.99)	0.53 (0.49 - 0.56)	0.87 (0.77 - 0.97)	1.1 (1.0 - 1.3)	1.9 (1.6 - 2.2)
2	961	0	0.79 (0.74 - 0.84)	0.43 (0.37 - 0.49)	0.74 (0.68 - 0.80)	1.0 (0.93 - 1.2)	1.8 (1.5 - 2.0)
12-19 years
1	945	0	0.79 (0.74 - 0.85)	0.47 (0.44 - 0.50)	0.76 (0.69 - 0.83)	1.0 (0.94 - 1.1)	1.6 (1.4 - 1.8)
2	997	0	0.71 (0.68 - 0.75)	0.39 (0.35 - 0.43)	0.68 (0.64 - 0.72)	0.94 (0.88 - 1.0)	1.6 (1.3 - 1.9)
20-39 years
1	1165	0.09	1.1 (1.0 - 1.2)	0.57 (0.52 - 0.62)	1.0 (0.94 - 1.1)	1.5 (1.3 - 1.7)	3.1 (2.7 - 3.4)
2	1313	0	0.98 (0.88 - 1.1)	0.49 (0.42 - 0.57)	0.95 (0.87 - 1.0)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.5)	2.2 (1.6 - 2.8)
40-59 years
1	1220	0	1.6 (1.5 - 1.8)	0.82 (0.69 - 0.94)	1.5 (1.4 - 1.6)	2.2 (1.9 - 2.5)	3.8 (3.1 - 4.5)
2	1222	0	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	0.70 (0.61 - 0.78)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	2.0 (1.8 - 2.2)	3.2 (2.9 - 3.5)
60-79 years
1	1079	0	2.1 (1.9 - 2.3)	1.0 (0.92 - 1.1)	2.0 (1.8 - 2.2)	3.0 (2.6 - 3.3)	5.2 (4.2 - 6.2)
2	1082	0	1.9 (1.8 - 1.9)	1.0 (0.95 - 1.1)	1.8 (1.7 - 1.9)	2.5 (2.4 - 2.6)	4.2 (3.9 - 4.5)

Table 8.8.3: Lead -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/dL) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a67 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a67 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a67 footnotes Table a67 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a67 footnote a referrer Table a67 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a67 footnote b referrer Table a67 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a67 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a67 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	2940	0	1.3 (1.3 - 1.4)	0.62 (0.56 - 0.68)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	1.9 (1.7 - 2.1)	3.4 (3.1 - 3.7)
Males, 6-11 years
1	459	0	0.92 (0.85 - 0.99)	0.54 (0.50 - 0.58)	0.89 (0.79 - 0.99)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	1.9 (1.8 - 2.1)
2	488	0	0.79 (0.73 - 0.86)	0.43 (0.35 - 0.52)	0.75 (0.67 - 0.82)	1.1 (0.96 - 1.2)	1.7 (1.4 - 1.9)
Males, 12-19 years
1	489	0	0.88 (0.81 - 0.95)	0.51 (0.46 - 0.55)	0.87 (0.79 - 0.95)	1.1 (0.99 - 1.2)	1.7 (1.3 - 2.2)
2	523	0	0.84 (0.80 - 0.87)	0.48 (0.45 - 0.52)	0.79 (0.73 - 0.84)	1.1 (1.0 - 1.1)	1.8 (1.6 - 2.1)
Males, 20-39 years
1	514	0	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	0.75 (0.65 - 0.85)	1.3 (1.1 - 1.4)	2.0 (1.6 - 2.3)	3.6 (2.9 - 4.3)
2	552	0	1.1 (1.0 - 1.3)	0.60 (0.44 - 0.75)	1.1 (0.95 - 1.2)	1.5 (1.4 - 1.7)	2.4^E (1.4 - 3.3)
Males, 40-59 years
1	577	0	1.7 (1.6 - 1.9)	0.98 (0.90 - 1.1)	1.6 (1.4 - 1.7)	2.3 (1.9 - 2.7)	4.0 (3.0 - 4.9)
2	617	0	1.6 (1.5 - 1.7)	0.84 (0.77 - 0.92)	1.6 (1.4 - 1.7)	2.1 (1.9 - 2.4)	3.5 (2.3 - 4.7)
Males, 60-79 years
1	537	0	2.3 (2.1 - 2.6)	1.1 (1.0 - 1.3)	2.2 (2.0 - 2.4)	3.3 (2.9 - 3.7)	6.2 (4.9 - 7.4)
2	507	0	2.0 (1.9 - 2.2)	1.1 (1.0 - 1.2)	2.0 (1.8 - 2.2)	2.7 (2.6 - 2.9)	4.2 (3.9 - 4.5)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a67 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3130	0	1.1 (1.0 - 1.1)	0.50 (0.45 - 0.54)	1.0 (0.98 - 1.1)	1.5 (1.4 - 1.6)	2.8 (2.6 - 3.0)
Females, 6-11 years
1	451	0	0.87 (0.77 - 0.99)	0.51 (0.45 - 0.57)	0.85 (0.73 - 0.96)	1.1 (0.88 - 1.3)	1.9 (1.2 - 2.5)
2	473	0	0.78 (0.72 - 0.85)	0.43 (0.37 - 0.49)	0.71 (0.63 - 0.78)	0.99 (0.84 - 1.1)	1.8 (1.5 - 2.1)
Females, 12-19 years
1	456	0	0.71 (0.66 - 0.77)	0.43 (0.37 - 0.48)	0.68 (0.61 - 0.75)	0.91 (0.80 - 1.0)	1.4 (1.2 - 1.6)
2	474	0	0.60 (0.56 - 0.65)	0.36 (0.32 - 0.39)	0.58 (0.52 - 0.63)	0.77 (0.70 - 0.84)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.4)
Females, 20-39 years
1	651	0.15	0.89 (0.81 - 0.97)	0.52 (0.46 - 0.57)	0.86 (0.77 - 0.96)	1.1 (1.0 - 1.3)	2.0 (1.7 - 2.3)
2	761	0	0.85 (0.74 - 0.98)	0.46 (0.36 - 0.56)	0.83 (0.73 - 0.93)	1.2 (1.0 - 1.4)	1.9 (1.4 - 2.4)
Females, 40-59 years
1	643	0	1.5 (1.3 - 1.6)	0.71 (0.59 - 0.82)	1.4 (1.2 - 1.6)	2.1 (1.7 - 2.4)	3.8 (3.1 - 4.5)
2	605	0	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	0.60 (0.52 - 0.68)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	1.7 (1.5 - 2.0)	2.8 (2.5 - 3.0)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	0	1.9 (1.7 - 2.1)	0.94 (0.82 - 1.0)	1.9 (1.6 - 2.1)	2.7 (2.3 - 3.0)	4.5 (3.8 - 5.2)
2	575	0	1.7 (1.6 - 1.8)	0.92 (0.79 - 1.1)	1.6 (1.5 - 1.8)	2.3 (2.1 - 2.5)	4.2 (3.5 - 4.8)

Table 8.8.4: Lead -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a68 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a68 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a68 footnotes Table a68 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a68 footnote a referrer Table a68 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a68 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5492	7.54	0.48 (0.43 - 0.53)	<LOD^E (<LOD - 0.16)	0.52 (0.47 - 0.58)	0.91 (0.83 - 1.0)	2.1 (1.8 - 2.4)
2	5738	16.23	0.52 (0.49 - 0.55)	<LOD	0.56 (0.52 - 0.60)	0.94 (0.87 - 1.0)	1.9 (1.7 - 2.0)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2662	5.86	0.54 (0.48 - 0.60)	0.14^E (<LOD - 0.22)	0.59 (0.55 - 0.64)	1.0 (0.93 - 1.1)	2.3 (1.8 - 2.7)
2	2746	13.44	0.57 (0.54 - 0.61)	<LOD	0.63 (0.58 - 0.68)	1.0 (0.91 - 1.1)	2.1 (1.9 - 2.2)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2830	9.12	0.42 (0.37 - 0.48)	<LOD^E (<LOD - 0.13)	0.45 (0.39 - 0.51)	0.79 (0.69 - 0.90)	1.8 (1.5 - 2.1)
2	2992	18.78	0.47 (0.44 - 0.50)	<LOD	0.50 (0.46 - 0.54)	0.86 (0.79 - 0.92)	1.8 (1.6 - 1.9)

Table 8.8.5: Lead -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a69 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a69 footnotes Table a69 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a69 footnote a referrer Table a69 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a69 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a69 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6311	16.43	0.52 (0.49 - 0.54)	<LOD	0.56 (0.52 - 0.60)	0.93 (0.86 - 1.0)	1.9 (1.7 - 2.0)
3-5 years
1^{Table a69 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	573	18.50	0.48 (0.42 - 0.54)	<LOD	0.53 (0.47 - 0.58)	0.78 (0.68 - 0.88)	1.6 (1.2 - 2.1)
6-11 years
1	1034	9.28	0.36 (0.32 - 0.39)	<LOD	0.41 (0.37 - 0.45)	0.64 (0.57 - 0.72)	1.3 (1.1 - 1.4)
2	1062	18.46	0.41 (0.37 - 0.45)	<LOD	0.46 (0.40 - 0.52)	0.70 (0.63 - 0.76)	1.3 (1.1 - 1.6)
12-19 years
1	983	10.17	0.39 (0.34 - 0.44)	<LOD	0.43 (0.40 - 0.46)	0.73 (0.64 - 0.83)	1.5 (1.2 - 1.8)
2	1041	19.02	0.41 (0.38 - 0.45)	<LOD	0.46 (0.42 - 0.50)	0.70 (0.66 - 0.75)	1.3 (1.0 - 1.5)
20-39 years
1	1169	9.50	0.40 (0.35 - 0.47)	F	0.45 (0.39 - 0.51)	0.75 (0.63 - 0.87)	1.8 (1.6 - 2.1)
2	1321	19.68	0.45 (0.41 - 0.49)	<LOD	0.46 (0.43 - 0.50)	0.79 (0.69 - 0.89)	1.7 (1.2 - 2.1)
40-59 years
1	1223	5.97	0.54 (0.47 - 0.63)	0.16^E (<LOD - 0.23)	0.61 (0.55 - 0.66)	0.99 (0.91 - 1.1)	2.3 (1.7 - 2.8)
2	1228	13.60	0.59 (0.54 - 0.66)	<LOD	0.66 (0.60 - 0.73)	1.0 (0.92 - 1.2)	2.0 (1.7 - 2.2)
60-79 years
1	1083	3.14	0.66 (0.60 - 0.73)	0.20 (0.15 - 0.24)	0.67 (0.62 - 0.73)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.4)	2.7 (2.1 - 3.3)
2	1086	10.13	0.65 (0.60 - 0.70)	<LOD	0.73 (0.65 - 0.81)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	2.3 (2.0 - 2.7)

Table 8.8.6: Lead -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a70 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a70 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a70 footnotes Table a70 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a70 footnote a referrer Table a70 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a70 footnote b referrer Table a70 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a70 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a70 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3036	13.57	0.57 (0.53 - 0.61)	<LOD	0.62 (0.58 - 0.67)	1.0 (0.91 - 1.1)	2.0 (1.9 - 2.2)
Males, 6-11 years
1	524	6.87	0.37 (0.31 - 0.45)	F	0.43 (0.32 - 0.53)	0.68 (0.57 - 0.79)	1.3 (1.0 - 1.6)
2	532	17.48	0.40 (0.35 - 0.45)	<LOD	0.42 (0.36 - 0.49)	0.69 (0.62 - 0.75)	1.2 (0.99 - 1.4)
Males, 12-19 years
1	505	9.11	0.38 (0.33 - 0.44)	<LOD	0.41 (0.37 - 0.45)	0.69 (0.59 - 0.78)	1.3 (0.89 - 1.8)
2	542	16.97	0.44 (0.39 - 0.49)	<LOD	0.49 (0.42 - 0.55)	0.71 (0.64 - 0.79)	1.3 (0.89 - 1.6)
Males, 20-39 years
1	514	7.00	0.46 (0.37 - 0.57)	F	0.53 (0.42 - 0.64)	0.95 (0.78 - 1.1)	2.0 (1.5 - 2.4)
2	551	14.88	0.50 (0.45 - 0.55)	<LOD	0.53 (0.48 - 0.59)	0.85 (0.69 - 1.0)	1.6^E (0.98 - 2.1)
Males, 40-59 years
1	578	4.67	0.62 (0.54 - 0.72)	0.18 (0.12 - 0.23)	0.66 (0.60 - 0.72)	1.1 (0.94 - 1.2)	2.6 (1.8 - 3.5)
2	616	9.74	0.68 (0.61 - 0.77)	0.22 (<LOD - 0.30)	0.78 (0.66 - 0.90)	1.2 (0.98 - 1.4)	2.1 (1.8 - 2.5)
Males, 60-79 years
1	541	2.03	0.84 (0.74 - 0.95)	0.30 (0.23 - 0.38)	0.83 (0.67 - 1.0)	1.5 (1.3 - 1.7)	3.0 (2.6 - 3.5)
2	505	8.32	0.73 (0.67 - 0.80)	0.23 (<LOD - 0.31)	0.79 (0.70 - 0.89)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.5)	2.3 (2.0 - 2.6)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a70 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3275	19.08	0.47 (0.44 - 0.50)	<LOD	0.50 (0.46 - 0.54)	0.85 (0.79 - 0.92)	1.8 (1.6 - 1.9)
Females, 6-11 years
1	510	11.76	0.34 (0.31 - 0.38)	<LOD	0.40 (0.37 - 0.43)	0.61 (0.55 - 0.68)	1.2 (1.0 - 1.4)
2	530	19.43	0.43 (0.38 - 0.48)	<LOD	0.48 (0.39 - 0.56)	0.75 (0.68 - 0.83)	1.5 (1.1 - 2.0)
Females, 12-19 years
1	478	11.30	0.40 (0.35 - 0.46)	F	0.44 (0.40 - 0.47)	0.79 (0.67 - 0.91)	1.6^E (0.84 - 2.3)
2	499	21.24	0.39 (0.35 - 0.44)	<LOD	0.44 (0.38 - 0.50)	0.69 (0.62 - 0.76)	1.3 (1.0 - 1.6)
Females, 20-39 years
1	655	11.45	0.35 (0.30 - 0.40)	F	0.39 (0.34 - 0.45)	0.65 (0.55 - 0.75)	1.3 (1.1 - 1.5)
2	770	23.12	0.40 (0.35 - 0.45)	<LOD	0.40 (0.35 - 0.45)	0.70 (0.57 - 0.84)	1.7 (1.1 - 2.2)
Females, 40-59 years
1	645	7.13	0.47 (0.39 - 0.57)	0.15^E (<LOD - 0.24)	0.53 (0.41 - 0.65)	0.94 (0.85 - 1.0)	2.0 (1.5 - 2.5)
2	612	17.48	0.52 (0.45 - 0.60)	<LOD	0.60 (0.51 - 0.69)	0.97 (0.83 - 1.1)	1.6 (1.3 - 1.8)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	4.24	0.53 (0.44 - 0.64)	0.13^E (<LOD - 0.23)	0.57 (0.45 - 0.68)	1.0 (0.83 - 1.2)	2.2^E (1.1 - 3.3)
2	581	11.70	0.59 (0.52 - 0.66)	<LOD	0.64 (0.53 - 0.75)	1.1 (0.91 - 1.3)	2.4 (1.6 - 3.2)

Table 8.8.7: Lead (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a71 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a71 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a71 footnotes Table a71 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a71 footnote a referrer Table a71 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a71 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5479	7.56	0.58 (0.53 - 0.63)	<LOD (<LOD - 0.27)	0.57 (0.51 - 0.63)	0.93 (0.85 - 1.0)	2.0 (1.7 - 2.2)
2	5719	16.28	0.48 (0.46 - 0.51)	<LOD	0.48 (0.46 - 0.51)	0.77 (0.68 - 0.86)	1.6 (1.4 - 1.8)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2653	5.88	0.54 (0.50 - 0.58)	0.23 (<LOD - 0.25)	0.53 (0.48 - 0.57)	0.86 (0.77 - 0.95)	1.8 (1.4 - 2.2)
2	2739	13.47	0.46 (0.43 - 0.48)	<LOD	0.45 (0.43 - 0.48)	0.70 (0.60 - 0.80)	1.5 (1.2 - 1.8)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2826	9.13	0.63 (0.56 - 0.70)	<LOD (<LOD - 0.28)	0.62 (0.54 - 0.70)	1.0 (0.88 - 1.1)	2.0 (1.6 - 2.4)
2	2980	18.86	0.51 (0.48 - 0.55)	<LOD	0.52 (0.47 - 0.57)	0.83 (0.72 - 0.94)	1.7 (1.5 - 1.8)

Table 8.8.8: Lead (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a72 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a72 footnotes Table a72 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a72 footnote a referrer Table a72 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a72 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a72 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6291	16.48	0.49 (0.47 - 0.52)	<LOD	0.49 (0.46 - 0.52)	0.79 (0.71 - 0.87)	1.6 (1.5 - 1.8)
3-5 years
1^{Table a72 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	572	18.53	0.81 (0.71 - 0.93)	<LOD	0.83 (0.69 - 0.97)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	2.7 (2.2 - 3.2)
6-11 years
1	1031	9.31	0.56 (0.51 - 0.61)	<LOD	0.54 (0.46 - 0.61)	0.81 (0.71 - 0.90)	1.6 (1.2 - 1.9)
2	1058	18.53	0.46 (0.43 - 0.50)	<LOD	0.48 (0.45 - 0.51)	0.70 (0.65 - 0.75)	1.3 (1.1 - 1.4)
12-19 years
1	982	10.18	0.34 (0.30 - 0.38)	<LOD	0.33 (0.30 - 0.37)	0.51 (0.44 - 0.57)	1.0 (0.72 - 1.3)
2	1039	19.06	0.31 (0.29 - 0.33)	<LOD	0.30 (0.28 - 0.33)	0.48 (0.43 - 0.54)	0.85 (0.68 - 1.0)
20-39 years
1	1165	9.53	0.45 (0.41 - 0.50)	<LOD (<LOD - 0.24)	0.45 (0.42 - 0.48)	0.69 (0.62 - 0.76)	1.3 (1.0 - 1.6)
2	1319	19.71	0.37 (0.34 - 0.40)	<LOD	0.35 (0.31 - 0.39)	0.57 (0.50 - 0.65)	1.1 (0.83 - 1.3)
40-59 years
1	1218	5.99	0.70 (0.63 - 0.78)	0.30 (<LOD - 0.34)	0.69 (0.61 - 0.77)	1.1 (0.93 - 1.2)	2.0 (1.6 - 2.4)
2	1223	13.65	0.57 (0.53 - 0.61)	<LOD	0.55 (0.50 - 0.59)	0.84 (0.71 - 0.98)	1.7 (1.4 - 2.1)
60-79 years
1	1083	3.14	0.93 (0.84 - 1.0)	0.41 (0.35 - 0.47)	0.93 (0.82 - 1.0)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	2.8 (2.3 - 3.3)
2	1080	10.19	0.77 (0.71 - 0.83)	<LOD	0.80 (0.71 - 0.88)	1.1 (1.1 - 1.2)	2.1 (1.8 - 2.4)

Table 8.8.9: Lead (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a73 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a73 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a73 footnotes Table a73 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a73 footnote a referrer Table a73 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a73 footnote b referrer Table a73 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a73 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a73 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3028	13.61	0.46 (0.44 - 0.49)	<LOD	0.46 (0.43 - 0.49)	0.73 (0.63 - 0.82)	1.5 (1.3 - 1.8)
Males, 6-11 years
1	522	6.90	0.57 (0.53 - 0.63)	<LOD (<LOD - 0.30)	0.57 (0.48 - 0.65)	0.84 (0.75 - 0.94)	1.7 (1.2 - 2.1)
2	530	17.55	0.43 (0.39 - 0.48)	<LOD	0.46 (0.42 - 0.49)	0.66 (0.61 - 0.72)	1.1 (0.97 - 1.3)
Males, 12-19 years
1	504	9.13	0.32 (0.29 - 0.36)	<LOD	0.31 (0.28 - 0.35)	0.50 (0.44 - 0.57)	0.96 (0.64 - 1.3)
2	541	17.01	0.30 (0.27 - 0.32)	<LOD	0.29 (0.25 - 0.32)	0.47 (0.37 - 0.57)	0.85 (0.59 - 1.1)
Males, 20-39 years
1	512	7.03	0.43 (0.38 - 0.49)	<LOD (<LOD - 0.26)	0.43 (0.40 - 0.47)	0.66 (0.57 - 0.75)	1.3^E (0.74 - 1.9)
2	550	14.91	0.35 (0.30 - 0.40)	<LOD	0.32 (0.24 - 0.39)	0.55 (0.44 - 0.66)	1.0^E (0.65 - 1.4)
Males, 40-59 years
1	574	4.70	0.62 (0.55 - 0.69)	0.29 (0.26 - 0.31)	0.60 (0.52 - 0.67)	0.93 (0.80 - 1.1)	1.8^E (1.1 - 2.5)
2	615	9.76	0.55 (0.51 - 0.59)	0.26 (<LOD - 0.32)	0.51 (0.45 - 0.56)	0.75 (0.61 - 0.88)	1.8 (1.2 - 2.5)
Males, 60-79 years
1	541	2.03	0.88 (0.82 - 0.96)	0.41 (0.39 - 0.44)	0.86 (0.77 - 0.96)	1.3 (1.1 - 1.5)	2.3 (1.5 - 3.1)
2	503	8.35	0.71 (0.65 - 0.77)	0.33 (<LOD - 0.40)	0.71 (0.61 - 0.81)	1.1 (1.0 - 1.1)	1.7 (1.4 - 2.0)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a73 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3263	19.15	0.52 (0.49 - 0.56)	<LOD	0.53 (0.48 - 0.58)	0.86 (0.75 - 0.96)	1.7 (1.5 - 1.9)
Females, 6-11 years
1	509	11.79	0.54 (0.47 - 0.61)	<LOD	0.53 (0.45 - 0.60)	0.79 (0.68 - 0.90)	1.5 (1.1 - 1.9)
2	528	19.51	0.50 (0.46 - 0.54)	<LOD	0.51 (0.47 - 0.54)	0.73 (0.65 - 0.81)	1.4^E (0.89 - 2.0)
Females, 12-19 years
1	478	11.30	0.36 (0.31 - 0.43)	<LOD (<LOD - 0.21)	0.35 (0.31 - 0.38)	0.52 (0.41 - 0.63)	1.1^E (0.52 - 1.6)
2	498	21.29	0.32 (0.29 - 0.35)	<LOD	0.32 (0.28 - 0.35)	0.49 (0.43 - 0.55)	0.86 (0.70 - 1.0)
Females, 20-39 years
1	653	11.49	0.48 (0.43 - 0.54)	<LOD (<LOD - 0.24)	0.46 (0.43 - 0.49)	0.72 (0.63 - 0.82)	1.4 (0.98 - 1.8)
2	769	23.15	0.39 (0.35 - 0.44)	<LOD	0.38 (0.32 - 0.44)	0.61 (0.51 - 0.70)	1.1 (0.84 - 1.3)
Females, 40-59 years
1	644	7.14	0.79 (0.69 - 0.90)	0.35 (<LOD - 0.43)	0.78 (0.68 - 0.88)	1.2 (0.98 - 1.4)	2.0 (1.4 - 2.7)
2	608	17.60	0.60 (0.52 - 0.68)	<LOD	0.60 (0.52 - 0.68)	0.94 (0.77 - 1.1)	1.6 (1.3 - 1.9)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	4.24	0.97 (0.82 - 1.1)	0.41 (<LOD - 0.55)	0.99 (0.83 - 1.2)	1.5 (1.3 - 1.7)	3.0 (2.3 - 3.6)
2	577	11.79	0.83 (0.74 - 0.93)	<LOD	0.86 (0.75 - 0.96)	1.2 (1.0 - 1.4)	2.3 (1.8 - 2.8)

Table 8.9.1: Manganese -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a74 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a74 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a74 footnotes Table a74 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a74 footnote a referrer Table a74 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a74 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5309	0	9.2 (9.0 - 9.5)	6.3 (6.1 - 6.5)	9.0 (8.8 - 9.3)	11 (10 - 11)	15 (15 - 16)
2	5575	0	9.8 (9.5 - 10)	6.6 (6.4 - 6.9)	9.5 (9.2 - 9.8)	11 (11 - 12)	15 (14 - 16)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2572	0	8.8 (8.5 - 9.0)	6.2 (5.8 - 6.5)	8.6 (8.4 - 8.9)	10 (9.7 - 10)	14 (13 - 15)
2	2687	0	9.3 (8.9 - 9.7)	6.3 (5.9 - 6.8)	9.1 (8.6 - 9.6)	11 (10 - 11)	14 (14 - 15)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2737	0	9.7 (9.4 - 9.9)	6.6 (6.3 - 6.8)	9.5 (9.2 - 9.8)	11 (11 - 12)	16 (15 - 17)
2	2888	0	10 (9.8 - 11)	7.0 (6.6 - 7.3)	9.8 (9.5 - 10)	12 (12 - 13)	16 (15 - 17)

Table 8.9.2: Manganese -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a75 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a75 footnotes Table a75 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a75 footnote a referrer Table a75 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a75 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a75 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6070	0	9.8 (9.5 - 10)	6.7 (6.4 - 6.9)	9.5 (9.2 - 9.8)	12 (11 - 12)	15 (14 - 16)
3-5 years
1^{Table a75 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	495	0	11 (11 - 12)	7.6 (7.4 - 7.9)	11 (10 - 11)	13 (12 - 14)	18 (15 - 21)
6-11 years
1	907	0	9.9 (9.6 - 10)	6.9 (6.7 - 7.2)	9.7 (9.4 - 10)	11 (11 - 12)	16 (15 - 17)
2	961	0	11 (10 - 11)	7.7 (7.5 - 7.9)	11 (10 - 11)	12 (12 - 13)	16 (15 - 17)
12-19 years
1	942	0	10 (9.7 - 10)	6.7 (6.4 - 6.9)	9.9 (9.7 - 10)	12 (11 - 13)	16 (15 - 16)
2	997	0	10 (9.8 - 11)	7.0 (6.6 - 7.4)	9.9 (9.5 - 10)	12 (12 - 13)	16 (15 - 17)
20-39 years
1	1162	0	9.1 (8.8 - 9.5)	6.3 (6.0 - 6.5)	9.0 (8.7 - 9.3)	11 (10 - 11)	16 (15 - 17)
2	1313	0	9.8 (9.3 - 10)	6.4 (5.8 - 7.0)	9.7 (9.2 - 10)	12 (11 - 12)	16 (14 - 17)
40-59 years
1	1219	0	9.1 (8.8 - 9.5)	6.4 (6.1 - 6.7)	8.9 (8.5 - 9.3)	10 (10 - 11)	15 (13 - 16)
2	1222	0	9.7 (9.2 - 10)	6.7 (6.4 - 7.0)	9.2 (8.7 - 9.7)	11 (11 - 12)	15 (14 - 16)
60-79 years
1	1079	0	8.8 (8.6 - 9.1)	5.9 (5.5 - 6.3)	8.8 (8.4 - 9.2)	10 (10 - 11)	14 (13 - 15)
2	1082	0	9.4 (9.1 - 9.7)	6.5 (6.3 - 6.7)	8.9 (8.6 - 9.2)	11 (10 - 12)	15 (14 - 15)

Table 8.9.3: Manganese -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a76 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a76 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a76 footnotes Table a76 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a76 footnote a referrer Table a76 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a76 footnote b referrer Table a76 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a76 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a76 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	2940	0	9.4 (9.0 - 9.8)	6.4 (5.9 - 6.8)	9.1 (8.6 - 9.6)	11 (11 - 11)	14 (14 - 15)
Males, 6-11 years
1	458	0	9.5 (9.1 - 9.9)	6.6 (6.0 - 7.1)	9.3 (8.9 - 9.7)	11 (11 - 12)	15 (12 - 18)
2	488	0	10 (10 - 11)	7.5 (7.1 - 7.8)	10 (9.6 - 11)	12 (11 - 13)	15 (13 - 16)
Males, 12-19 years
1	489	0	9.4 (9.0 - 9.9)	6.5 (6.2 - 6.7)	9.4 (9.0 - 9.9)	11 (9.9 - 12)	14 (14 - 15)
2	523	0	9.8 (9.4 - 10)	6.7 (6.2 - 7.2)	9.5 (9.1 - 10)	12 (11 - 12)	15 (13 - 17)
Males, 20-39 years
1	511	0	8.6 (8.3 - 8.9)	6.2 (5.9 - 6.5)	8.4 (8.0 - 8.8)	10 (9.7 - 10)	13 (12 - 14)
2	552	0	9.0 (8.3 - 9.8)	5.9 (5.1 - 6.7)	9.0 (8.0 - 10)	11 (10 - 11)	14 (13 - 15)
Males, 40-59 years
1	577	0	8.8 (8.4 - 9.2)	6.2 (5.6 - 6.9)	8.7 (8.2 - 9.1)	10 (9.7 - 10)	14 (12 - 15)
2	617	0	9.3 (8.8 - 9.9)	6.6 (6.1 - 7.2)	9.0 (8.4 - 9.5)	11 (10 - 12)	14 (13 - 15)
Males, 60-79 years
1	537	0	8.4 (8.1 - 8.8)	5.6 (5.3 - 5.9)	8.2 (7.7 - 8.7)	10 (9.6 - 10)	14 (13 - 15)
2	507	0	9.2 (9.0 - 9.5)	6.3 (6.0 - 6.6)	8.7 (8.3 - 9.0)	11 (10 - 11)	15 (14 - 16)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a76 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3130	0	10 (9.9 - 11)	7.0 (6.7 - 7.3)	9.9 (9.5 - 10)	12 (12 - 13)	16 (15 - 17)
Females, 6-11 years
1	449	0	10 (10 - 11)	7.4 (6.9 - 7.8)	10 (9.7 - 10)	12 (11 - 12)	16 (15 - 17)
2	473	0	11 (11 - 12)	8.0 (7.6 - 8.4)	11 (10 - 11)	13 (12 - 13)	16 (15 - 18)
Females, 12-19 years
1	453	0	11 (10 - 11)	7.1 (6.6 - 7.7)	10 (9.9 - 11)	13 (12 - 14)	17 (16 - 18)
2	474	0	11 (10 - 11)	7.4 (6.9 - 7.9)	10 (9.8 - 11)	12 (12 - 13)	17 (16 - 18)
Females, 20-39 years
1	651	0	9.8 (9.2 - 10)	6.5 (6.0 - 7.0)	9.5 (8.9 - 10)	12 (11 - 12)	17 (15 - 19)
2	761	0	11 (9.9 - 11)	7.2 (6.7 - 7.8)	10 (9.5 - 11)	12 (11 - 14)	16 (15 - 17)
Females, 40-59 years
1	642	0	9.5 (9.0 - 10)	6.4 (6.1 - 6.8)	9.2 (8.6 - 9.8)	11 (10 - 12)	16 (13 - 18)
2	605	0	10 (9.5 - 11)	6.8 (6.3 - 7.2)	9.6 (8.8 - 10)	12 (11 - 13)	16 (15 - 17)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	0	9.2 (9.0 - 9.5)	6.6 (6.3 - 6.9)	9.4 (9.0 - 9.8)	11 (10 - 11)	14 (13 - 15)
2	575	0	9.5 (9.1 - 10)	6.6 (6.4 - 6.9)	9.1 (8.7 - 9.5)	11 (10 - 12)	14 (13 - 16)

Table 8.9.4: Manganese -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a77 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a77 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a77 footnotes Table a77 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a77 footnote a referrer Table a77 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a77 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5431	35.54	0.081 (0.072 - 0.092)	<LOD	0.079 (0.067 - 0.091)	0.12 (0.087 - 0.15)	0.37 (0.32 - 0.43)
2	5738	70.83	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.36 (0.32 - 0.40)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2639	38.16	0.078 (0.068 - 0.089)	<LOD	0.073 (0.060 - 0.087)	0.11 (0.074 - 0.14)	0.37 (0.29 - 0.46)
2	2746	75.82	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.30 (0.27 - 0.33)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2792	33.06	0.085 (0.076 - 0.095)	<LOD	0.085 (0.074 - 0.095)	0.13 (0.10 - 0.16)	0.37 (0.33 - 0.41)
2	2992	66.24	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.20)	0.41 (0.32 - 0.50)

Table 8.9.5: Manganese -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a78 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a78 footnotes Table a78 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a78 footnote a referrer Table a78 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a78 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a78 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6309	70.41	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.36 (0.32 - 0.40)
3-5 years
1^{Table a78 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	571	66.20	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.23)	0.54^E (0.30 - 0.77)
6-11 years
1	1032	38.08	0.082 (0.073 - 0.092)	<LOD	0.077 (0.063 - 0.090)	0.12 (0.094 - 0.15)	0.41 (0.32 - 0.49)
2	1062	68.17	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.22)	0.42 (0.35 - 0.50)
12-19 years
1	981	32.31	0.088 (0.079 - 0.098)	<LOD	0.089 (0.082 - 0.096)	0.13 (0.10 - 0.16)	0.37 (0.30 - 0.45)
2	1041	67.63	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.20)	0.39 (0.31 - 0.46)
20-39 years
1	1153	38.16	0.079 (0.068 - 0.092)	<LOD	0.075 (0.060 - 0.090)	0.12 (0.081 - 0.16)	0.38 (0.30 - 0.47)
2	1321	72.90	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.32 (0.28 - 0.37)
40-59 years
1	1203	35.91	0.081 (0.068 - 0.095)	<LOD	0.079 (0.063 - 0.094)	0.11 (0.076 - 0.15)	0.35 (0.28 - 0.42)
2	1228	74.02	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.36 (0.29 - 0.42)
60-79 years
1	1062	32.77	0.082 (0.073 - 0.092)	<LOD	0.078 (0.065 - 0.090)	0.12 (0.087 - 0.15)	0.38 (0.29 - 0.46)
2	1086	70.35	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.38 (0.33 - 0.44)

Table 8.9.6: Manganese -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a79 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a79 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a79 footnotes Table a79 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a79 footnote a referrer Table a79 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a79 footnote b referrer Table a79 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a79 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a79 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3036	75.66	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.30 (0.27 - 0.33)
Males, 6-11 years
1	524	39.89	0.078 (0.070 - 0.087)	<LOD	0.073 (0.065 - 0.081)	0.10 (0.071 - 0.13)	0.39 (0.27 - 0.50)
2	532	75.38	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.32 (0.24 - 0.39)
Males, 12-19 years
1	505	35.25	0.079 (0.069 - 0.091)	<LOD	0.078 (0.062 - 0.094)	0.11 (0.077 - 0.14)	0.36 (0.24 - 0.48)
2	542	73.43	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.25 (<LOD - 0.31)
Males, 20-39 years
1	510	40.20	--	<LOD	0.073 (0.051 - 0.095)	0.11^E (0.056 - 0.17)	0.44^E (0.26 - 0.62)
2	551	75.86	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.30 (0.24 - 0.37)
Males, 40-59 years
1	572	38.64	0.077 (0.064 - 0.094)	<LOD	0.073 (0.053 - 0.093)	0.11 (0.074 - 0.14)	0.33 (0.22 - 0.44)
2	616	77.27	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.28 (0.23 - 0.32)
Males, 60-79 years
1	528	36.74	0.076 (0.061 - 0.094)	<LOD	0.072 (0.051 - 0.092)	0.10^E (0.061 - 0.14)	0.35^E (0.20 - 0.49)
2	505	77.03	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.35 (0.29 - 0.42)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a79 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3273	65.54	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.20)	0.42 (0.32 - 0.52)
Females, 6-11 years
1	508	36.22	0.086 (0.073 - 0.10)	<LOD	0.084 (0.061 - 0.11)	0.14 (0.10 - 0.19)	0.43 (0.31 - 0.54)
2	530	60.94	--	<LOD	<LOD	0.24 (0.20 - 0.28)	0.62^E (0.33 - 0.92)
Females, 12-19 years
1	476	29.2	0.098 (0.087 - 0.11)	<LOD	0.093 (0.089 - 0.096)	0.15 (0.12 - 0.17)	0.38 (0.29 - 0.48)
2	499	61.32	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.22)	0.49^E (0.25 - 0.73)
Females, 20-39 years
1	643	36.55	0.080 (0.068 - 0.094)	<LOD	0.077 (0.059 - 0.096)	0.12 (0.090 - 0.16)	0.35 (0.28 - 0.43)
2	770	70.78	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.34 (0.29 - 0.40)
Females, 40-59 years
1	631	33.44	0.084 (0.070 - 0.10)	<LOD	0.083 (0.071 - 0.096)	0.12^E (0.071 - 0.17)	0.37 (0.28 - 0.45)
2	612	70.75	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.22)	0.43^E (0.24 - 0.62)
Females, 60-79 years
1	534	28.84	0.088 (0.077 - 0.10)	<LOD	0.086 (0.067 - 0.10)	0.13 (0.096 - 0.17)	0.39^E (0.22 - 0.56)
2	581	64.54	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.42^E (0.22 - 0.62)

Table 8.9.7: Manganese (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a80 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a80 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a80 footnotes Table a80 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a80 footnote a referrer Table a80 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a80 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5418	35.62	0.097 (0.085 - 0.11)	<LOD	0.091 (0.081 - 0.10)	0.19 (0.15 - 0.23)	0.70 (0.57 - 0.83)
2	5719	71.06	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.61 (0.51 - 0.70)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2630	38.29	0.075 (0.065 - 0.087)	<LOD	0.073 (0.062 - 0.084)	0.14 (0.10 - 0.17)	0.48 (0.34 - 0.62)
2	2739	76.01	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.42 (0.34 - 0.51)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2788	33.11	0.12 (0.11 - 0.14)	<LOD	0.11 (0.10 - 0.13)	0.24 (0.21 - 0.27)	0.84 (0.70 - 0.99)
2	2980	66.51	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.26)	0.72 (0.63 - 0.81)

Table 8.9.8: Manganese (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a81 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a81 footnotes Table a81 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a81 footnote a referrer Table a81 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a81 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a81 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6289	70.63	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.61 (0.53 - 0.68)
3-5 years
1^{Table a81 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	570	66.32	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.52)	1.2 (0.81 - 1.5)
6-11 years
1	1029	38.19	0.12 (0.11 - 0.14)	<LOD	0.11 (0.091 - 0.12)	0.23 (0.18 - 0.28)	0.82 (0.66 - 0.99)
2	1058	68.43	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.25)	0.69 (0.55 - 0.82)
12-19 years
1	980	32.35	0.076 (0.064 - 0.090)	<LOD	0.071 (0.055 - 0.087)	0.14 (0.10 - 0.17)	0.49^E (0.31 - 0.67)
2	1039	67.76	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.18)	0.39 (0.26 - 0.53)
20-39 years
1	1149	38.29	0.086 (0.075 - 0.10)	<LOD	0.081 (0.070 - 0.091)	0.17 (0.13 - 0.22)	0.61^E (0.38 - 0.85)
2	1319	73.01	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.58 (0.40 - 0.76)
40-59 years
1	1198	36.06	0.10 (0.085 - 0.12)	<LOD	0.093 (0.081 - 0.10)	0.19 (0.14 - 0.24)	0.78 (0.57 - 0.99)
2	1223	74.33	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.70^E (0.42 - 0.99)
60-79 years
1	1062	32.77	0.11 (0.10 - 0.13)	<LOD	0.11 (0.095 - 0.12)	0.23 (0.21 - 0.25)	0.76 (0.62 - 0.91)
2	1080	70.74	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.61 (0.51 - 0.70)

Table 8.9.9: Manganese (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a82 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a82 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a82 footnotes Table a82 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a82 footnote a referrer Table a82 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a82 footnote b referrer Table a82 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a82 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a82 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3028	75.86	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.44 (0.35 - 0.53)
Males, 6-11 years
1	522	40.04	--	<LOD	0.10 (0.082 - 0.12)	0.21 (0.16 - 0.26)	0.73 (0.49 - 0.98)
2	530	75.66	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.38 (0.28 - 0.48)
Males, 12-19 years
1	504	35.32	0.066 (0.055 - 0.078)	<LOD	0.064 (0.051 - 0.077)	0.12 (0.097 - 0.14)	0.31^E (0.15 - 0.47)
2	541	73.57	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.26 (<LOD - 0.30)
Males, 20-39 years
1	508	40.35	--	<LOD	0.070 (0.055 - 0.086)	0.13^E (0.075 - 0.19)	0.42^E (0.22 - 0.63)
2	550	76.00	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.44^E (0.22 - 0.66)
Males, 40-59 years
1	568	38.91	0.076 (0.061 - 0.094)	<LOD	0.072 (0.052 - 0.091)	0.13 (0.092 - 0.17)	0.55^E (0.23 - 0.86)
2	615	77.40	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.47 (0.31 - 0.63)
Males, 60-79 years
1	528	36.74	0.079 (0.064 - 0.096)	<LOD	0.074 (0.056 - 0.091)	0.15 (0.10 - 0.20)	0.44 (0.31 - 0.56)
2	503	77.34	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.49 (0.34 - 0.63)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a82 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3261	65.78	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.27)	0.74 (0.62 - 0.86)
Females, 6-11 years
1	507	36.29	0.13 (0.11 - 0.15)	<LOD	0.12 (0.094 - 0.14)	0.26 (0.21 - 0.31)	0.85 (0.66 - 1.1)
2	528	61.17	--	<LOD	<LOD	0.29 (0.26 - 0.32)	0.78 (0.57 - 1.0)
Females, 12-19 years
1	476	29.20	0.088 (0.072 - 0.11)	<LOD	0.084 (0.064 - 0.10)	0.15 (0.11 - 0.19)	0.62 (0.43 - 0.82)
2	498	61.45	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.24)	0.56 (0.47 - 0.65)
Females, 20-39 years
1	641	36.66	0.11 (0.088 - 0.13)	<LOD	0.10 (0.084 - 0.12)	0.21 (0.16 - 0.26)	0.73^E (0.22 - 1.2)
2	769	70.87	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.61 (0.42 - 0.79)
Females, 40-59 years
1	630	33.49	0.14 (0.12 - 0.16)	<LOD	0.12 (0.095 - 0.14)	0.26 (0.20 - 0.32)	0.87 (0.70 - 1.0)
2	608	71.22	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.29)	0.92^E (0.52 - 1.3)
Females, 60-79 years
1	534	28.84	0.16 (0.13 - 0.19)	<LOD	0.15 (0.12 - 0.18)	0.27 (0.23 - 0.31)	1.1^E (0.56 - 1.6)
2	577	64.99	--	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD (<LOD - 0.32)	0.66 (0.45 - 0.88)

Table 8.10.1: Mercury (total) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a83 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a83 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a83 footnotes Table a83 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a83 footnote a referrer Table a83 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a83 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5319	11.64	0.69 (0.55 - 0.86)	<LOD	0.81 (0.64 - 0.97)	1.5 (1.1 - 2.0)	4.6^E (2.5 - 6.7)
2	5575	14.28	0.72 (0.57 - 0.90)	<LOD	0.77 (0.57 - 0.96)	1.7 (1.3 - 2.2)	5.6^E (3.3 - 7.8)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2576	12.11	0.68 (0.55 - 0.84)	<LOD	0.79 (0.64 - 0.94)	1.6 (1.1 - 2.0)	5.1^E (2.6 - 7.5)
2	2687	14.77	0.74 (0.58 - 0.95)	<LOD	0.80 (0.56 - 1.0)	2.0 (1.5 - 2.5)	6.3^E (2.9 - 9.8)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2743	11.19	0.70 (0.56 - 0.88)	<LOD^E (<LOD - 0.11)	0.82 (0.63 - 1.0)	1.5 (1.1 - 1.9)	4.4^E (2.5 - 6.3)
2	2888	13.82	0.69 (0.55 - 0.86)	<LOD	0.74 (0.56 - 0.92)	1.6 (1.2 - 2.0)	5.1^E (3.0 - 7.2)

Table 8.10.2: Mercury (total) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a84 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a84 footnotes Table a84 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a84 footnote a referrer Table a84 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a84 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a84 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6070	15.55	0.70 (0.56 - 0.87)	<LOD	0.74 (0.55 - 0.93)	1.7 (1.3 - 2.1)	5.5^E (3.3 - 7.6)
3-5 years
1^{Table a84 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	495	29.90	0.27 (0.20 - 0.37)	<LOD	0.20^E (0.11 - 0.28)	F	3.0^E (1.7 - 4.3)
6-11 years
1	910	24.84	0.26 (0.22 - 0.32)	<LOD	0.24 (0.18 - 0.29)	0.66 (0.47 - 0.85)	2.1^E (1.3 - 2.9)
2	961	29.03	0.28 (0.22 - 0.34)	<LOD	0.21^E (0.11 - 0.30)	0.62 (0.47 - 0.78)	2.0 (1.3 - 2.6)
12-19 years
1	945	20.85	0.30 (0.23 - 0.40)	<LOD	0.28 (0.20 - 0.37)	0.76^E (0.47 - 1.0)	2.2^E (0.88 - 3.5)
2	997	26.58	0.27 (0.20 - 0.35)	<LOD	0.20^E (0.10 - 0.29)	0.62 (0.48 - 0.76)	2.4^E (1.3 - 3.5)
20-39 years
1	1165	8.76	0.65 (0.52 - 0.81)	<LOD	0.76 (0.61 - 0.91)	1.4^E (0.88 - 2.0)	4.7^E (2.4 - 7.1)
2	1313	10.05	0.64 (0.47 - 0.86)	<LOD	0.65 (0.43 - 0.86)	1.6 (1.1 - 2.2)	5.2^E (2.6 - 7.8)
40-59 years
1	1220	3.52	1.0 (0.80 - 1.3)	0.21^E (0.12 - 0.30)	1.1 (0.83 - 1.3)	1.9 (1.4 - 2.3)	6.4^E (3.0 - 9.8)
2	1222	5.16	1.0 (0.79 - 1.3)	0.19 (0.17 - 0.21)	1.1 (0.86 - 1.3)	2.1 (1.6 - 2.6)	7.3^E (2.4 - 12)
60-79 years
1	1079	4.73	0.86 (0.64 - 1.2)	F	0.96 (0.75 - 1.2)	1.9 (1.2 - 2.5)	4.8^E (2.7 - 6.9)
2	1082	5.27	1.1 (0.86 - 1.5)	0.19^E (0.11 - 0.28)	1.2 (0.93 - 1.5)	2.3 (1.7 - 2.8)	6.5^E (3.9 - 9.2)

Table 8.10.3: Mercury (total) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a85 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a85 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a85 footnotes Table a85 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a85 footnote a referrer Table a85 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a85 footnote b referrer Table a85 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a85 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a85 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	2940	16.16	0.72 (0.56 - 0.92)	<LOD	0.77 (0.53 - 1.0)	1.9 (1.5 - 2.4)	6.1^E (2.7 - 9.5)
Males, 6-11 years
1	459	26.14	0.24 (0.19 - 0.32)	<LOD	0.21^E (0.12 - 0.30)	0.62 (0.40 - 0.84)	2.0^E (0.91 - 3.1)
2	488	29.71	0.24 (0.19 - 0.31)	<LOD	0.19 (0.16 - 0.23)	0.54 (0.41 - 0.68)	1.9^E (0.91 - 2.9)
Males, 12-19 years
1	489	20.65	0.28^E (0.19 - 0.41)	<LOD	0.25^E (0.15 - 0.35)	0.64^E (0.21 - 1.1)	F
2	523	26.96	0.26 (0.18 - 0.36)	<LOD	0.19^E (<LOD - 0.29)	0.62 (0.41 - 0.83)	2.6^E (1.5 - 3.8)
Males, 20-39 years
1	514	9.34	0.61 (0.47 - 0.80)	<LOD	0.72 (0.55 - 0.89)	1.5^E (0.66 - 2.2)	4.6^E (2.6 - 6.6)
2	552	10.51	0.62 (0.45 - 0.84)	<LOD	0.62 (0.43 - 0.81)	1.7^E (1.0 - 2.4)	4.7^E (2.2 - 7.1)
Males, 40-59 years
1	577	3.47	1.0 (0.82 - 1.3)	0.24^E (0.13 - 0.34)	1.0 (0.81 - 1.2)	1.8 (1.5 - 2.1)	F
2	617	4.54	1.2 (0.91 - 1.7)	0.20^E (<LOD - 0.30)	1.2 (0.99 - 1.4)	2.7^E (1.6 - 3.8)	F
Males, 60-79 years
1	537	4.28	0.97 (0.70 - 1.3)	0.17^E (<LOD - 0.26)	1.0 (0.67 - 1.3)	2.1 (1.5 - 2.7)	F
2	507	4.93	1.1 (0.84 - 1.5)	0.19^E (<LOD - 0.29)	1.3 (0.94 - 1.6)	2.3 (1.6 - 2.9)	7.0^E (3.9 - 10)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a85 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3130	14.98	0.67 (0.54 - 0.84)	<LOD	0.71 (0.54 - 0.88)	1.6 (1.2 - 2.0)	5.1^E (3.0 - 7.1)
Females, 6-11 years
1	451	23.50	0.29 (0.24 - 0.35)	<LOD	0.25 (0.20 - 0.30)	0.78 (0.54 - 1.0)	2.2^E (1.1 - 3.2)
2	473	28.33	0.32 (0.24 - 0.42)	<LOD	0.31^E (0.17 - 0.46)	0.71^E (0.44 - 0.98)	2.1 (1.4 - 2.7)
Females, 12-19 years
1	456	21.05	0.33 (0.26 - 0.41)	<LOD	0.32 (0.22 - 0.43)	0.83 (0.61 - 1.0)	2.2^E (1.3 - 3.1)
2	474	26.16	0.28 (0.21 - 0.38)	<LOD	0.21^E (<LOD - 0.34)	0.62 (0.46 - 0.78)	F
Females, 20-39 years
1	651	8.29	0.69 (0.53 - 0.91)	0.11^E (<LOD - 0.15)	0.80 (0.59 - 1.0)	1.4 (0.91 - 1.9)	4.8^E (2.0 - 7.5)
2	761	9.72	0.66 (0.47 - 0.92)	<LOD	0.69^E (0.39 - 1.0)	1.6 (1.1 - 2.1)	F
Females, 40-59 years
1	643	3.58	0.99 (0.76 - 1.3)	0.19^E (<LOD - 0.29)	1.1 (0.84 - 1.4)	2.0 (1.4 - 2.6)	5.4^E (2.1 - 8.7)
2	605	5.79	0.82 (0.65 - 1.0)	0.18 (0.18 - 0.19)	0.85 (0.62 - 1.1)	1.7 (1.2 - 2.2)	4.7^E (2.1 - 7.3)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	5.17	0.78 (0.57 - 1.1)	F	0.91 (0.74 - 1.1)	1.6 (1.1 - 2.1)	4.4 (3.0 - 5.8)
2	575	5.57	1.1 (0.84 - 1.5)	0.19^E (<LOD - 0.32)	1.2 (0.84 - 1.5)	2.2 (1.7 - 2.8)	F

Table 8.11.1: Molybdenum -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a86 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a86 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a86 footnotes Table a86 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a86 footnote a referrer Table a86 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a86 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5319	0.09	0.67 (0.66 - 0.69)	0.40 (0.38 - 0.42)	0.66 (0.64 - 0.68)	0.86 (0.82 - 0.89)	1.3 (1.3 - 1.4)
2	5575	0.18	0.65 (0.63 - 0.67)	0.38 (0.36 - 0.39)	0.64 (0.62 - 0.66)	0.85 (0.82 - 0.88)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2576	0.12	0.67 (0.65 - 0.68)	0.40 (0.39 - 0.41)	0.65 (0.63 - 0.66)	0.85 (0.81 - 0.88)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)
2	2687	0.22	0.63 (0.61 - 0.66)	0.37 (0.34 - 0.40)	0.62 (0.59 - 0.65)	0.83 (0.80 - 0.87)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2743	0.07	0.68 (0.66 - 0.71)	0.40 (0.36 - 0.43)	0.67 (0.64 - 0.69)	0.87 (0.83 - 0.92)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)
2	2888	0.14	0.67 (0.64 - 0.70)	0.39 (0.37 - 0.41)	0.64 (0.61 - 0.67)	0.86 (0.83 - 0.89)	1.5 (1.4 - 1.5)

Table 8.11.2: Molybdenum -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a87 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a87 footnotes Table a87 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a87 footnote a referrer Table a87 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a87 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a87 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6070	0.16	0.66 (0.64 - 0.68)	0.38 (0.36 - 0.40)	0.64 (0.62 - 0.66)	0.86 (0.84 - 0.89)	1.5 (1.4 - 1.5)
3-5 years
1^{Table a87 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	495	0	1.0 (0.96 - 1.1)	0.61 (0.52 - 0.70)	0.95 (0.91 - 0.98)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	2.7^E (1.4 - 4.0)
6-11 years
1	910	0	0.85 (0.83 - 0.87)	0.56 (0.54 - 0.58)	0.80 (0.75 - 0.84)	1.0 (0.96 - 1.0)	1.6 (1.5 - 1.7)
2	961	0.21	0.82 (0.77 - 0.87)	0.51 (0.49 - 0.54)	0.79 (0.75 - 0.84)	0.98 (0.92 - 1.0)	1.6 (1.2 - 2.1)
12-19 years
1	945	0.11	0.68 (0.63 - 0.72)	0.41 (0.38 - 0.44)	0.65 (0.60 - 0.70)	0.85 (0.79 - 0.91)	1.3 (1.1 - 1.5)
2	997	0	0.67 (0.65 - 0.71)	0.44 (0.41 - 0.47)	0.64 (0.62 - 0.67)	0.84 (0.79 - 0.90)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)
20-39 years
1	1165	0.09	0.65 (0.63 - 0.68)	0.40 (0.37 - 0.43)	0.63 (0.60 - 0.67)	0.82 (0.77 - 0.87)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.5)
2	1313	0.15	0.64 (0.61 - 0.67)	0.37 (0.30 - 0.44)	0.64 (0.62 - 0.66)	0.84 (0.79 - 0.89)	1.4 (1.2 - 1.6)
40-59 years
1	1220	0.08	0.64 (0.60 - 0.67)	0.37 (0.33 - 0.41)	0.63 (0.60 - 0.67)	0.81 (0.75 - 0.87)	1.2 (1.2 - 1.3)
2	1222	0.41	0.60 (0.57 - 0.63)	0.37 (0.33 - 0.40)	0.59 (0.56 - 0.61)	0.79 (0.76 - 0.82)	1.4 (1.2 - 1.5)
60-79 years
1	1079	0.19	0.73 (0.71 - 0.75)	0.41 (0.37 - 0.45)	0.72 (0.69 - 0.74)	0.93 (0.90 - 0.97)	1.6 (1.4 - 1.8)
2	1082	0.09	0.70 (0.66 - 0.75)	0.38 (0.36 - 0.41)	0.67 (0.62 - 0.72)	0.95 (0.89 - 1.0)	1.5 (1.4 - 1.7)

Table 8.11.3: Molybdenum -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a88 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a88 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a88 footnotes Table a88 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a88 footnote a referrer Table a88 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a88 footnote b referrer Table a88 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a88 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a88 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	2940	0.20	0.64 (0.62 - 0.66)	0.37 (0.35 - 0.40)	0.63 (0.60 - 0.66)	0.85 (0.81 - 0.89)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)
Males, 6-11 years
1	459	0	0.87 (0.84 - 0.91)	0.56 (0.52 - 0.61)	0.81 (0.74 - 0.89)	1.0 (0.96 - 1.1)	1.5 (1.5 - 1.6)
2	488	0.20	0.86 (0.78 - 0.95)	0.55 (0.49 - 0.60)	0.86 (0.78 - 0.94)	1.0 (0.92 - 1.1)	1.9^E (1.2 - 2.7)
Males, 12-19 years
1	489	0	0.70 (0.65 - 0.74)	0.43 (0.39 - 0.48)	0.67 (0.62 - 0.71)	0.87 (0.81 - 0.92)	1.3 (0.92 - 1.7)
2	523	0	0.67 (0.64 - 0.70)	0.45 (0.39 - 0.50)	0.65 (0.60 - 0.70)	0.85 (0.79 - 0.91)	1.2 (1.0 - 1.4)
Males, 20-39 years
1	514	0	0.64 (0.61 - 0.67)	0.40 (0.36 - 0.45)	0.63 (0.59 - 0.66)	0.80 (0.75 - 0.85)	1.3 (1.1 - 1.5)
2	552	0.36	0.62 (0.58 - 0.66)	0.35 (0.27 - 0.43)	0.63 (0.58 - 0.68)	0.80 (0.71 - 0.90)	1.4 (1.0 - 1.7)
Males, 40-59 years
1	577	0.17	0.63 (0.60 - 0.67)	0.38 (0.32 - 0.43)	0.63 (0.59 - 0.67)	0.80 (0.73 - 0.86)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)
2	617	0.32	0.58 (0.55 - 0.62)	0.35 (0.27 - 0.43)	0.58 (0.54 - 0.62)	0.77 (0.72 - 0.82)	1.3 (0.99 - 1.5)
Males, 60-79 years
1	537	0.37	0.69 (0.65 - 0.74)	0.40 (0.36 - 0.44)	0.68 (0.64 - 0.72)	0.89 (0.85 - 0.94)	1.5 (1.3 - 1.7)
2	507	0.20	0.67 (0.61 - 0.73)	0.37 (0.33 - 0.42)	0.67 (0.60 - 0.73)	0.93 (0.85 - 1.0)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a88 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3130	0.13	0.68 (0.65 - 0.71)	0.39 (0.37 - 0.41)	0.65 (0.62 - 0.68)	0.88 (0.85 - 0.91)	1.5 (1.4 - 1.6)
Females, 6-11 years
1	451	0	0.83 (0.80 - 0.87)	0.56 (0.54 - 0.59)	0.77 (0.74 - 0.81)	1.0 (0.96 - 1.0)	1.6 (1.3 - 1.8)
2	473	0.21	0.78 (0.72 - 0.84)	0.50 (0.46 - 0.54)	0.75 (0.72 - 0.79)	0.95 (0.91 - 1.0)	1.4 (1.2 - 1.6)
Females, 12-19 years
1	456	0.22	0.65 (0.60 - 0.71)	0.39 (0.35 - 0.42)	0.63 (0.55 - 0.71)	0.83 (0.73 - 0.94)	1.3 (1.1 - 1.4)
2	474	0	0.68 (0.64 - 0.72)	0.43 (0.41 - 0.46)	0.64 (0.61 - 0.67)	0.83 (0.75 - 0.92)	1.2 (1.0 - 1.5)
Females, 20-39 years
1	651	0.15	0.67 (0.64 - 0.71)	0.40 (0.35 - 0.44)	0.64 (0.60 - 0.68)	0.85 (0.78 - 0.91)	1.4 (1.1 - 1.7)
2	761	0	0.66 (0.61 - 0.72)	0.38 (0.31 - 0.45)	0.64 (0.61 - 0.68)	0.85 (0.81 - 0.89)	1.5 (1.2 - 1.8)
Females, 40-59 years
1	643	0	0.64 (0.60 - 0.68)	0.37 (0.30 - 0.44)	0.63 (0.59 - 0.67)	0.82 (0.75 - 0.90)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)
2	605	0.50	0.62 (0.58 - 0.67)	0.38 (0.36 - 0.40)	0.60 (0.53 - 0.67)	0.80 (0.73 - 0.87)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.6)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	0	0.77 (0.74 - 0.79)	0.44 (0.39 - 0.49)	0.74 (0.72 - 0.77)	0.99 (0.96 - 1.0)	1.6 (1.5 - 1.8)
2	575	0	0.73 (0.69 - 0.77)	0.39 (0.36 - 0.43)	0.70 (0.65 - 0.76)	0.96 (0.86 - 1.1)	1.6 (1.4 - 1.8)

Table 8.11.4: Molybdenum -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a89 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a89 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a89 footnotes Table a89 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a89 footnote a referrer Table a89 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a89 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5492	0	36 (33 - 40)	9.9 (8.7 - 11)	40 (37 - 43)	70 (66 - 74)	130 (120 - 140)
2	5738	0.02	44 (41 - 47)	12 (10 - 14)	48 (45 - 51)	82 (76 - 88)	170 (150 - 190)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2662	0	42 (40 - 45)	12 (9.8 - 14)	47 (44 - 50)	76 (71 - 82)	150 (130 - 160)
2	2746	0.04	49 (45 - 52)	14 (11 - 17)	53 (49 - 56)	90 (82 - 98)	190 (160 - 210)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2830	0	31 (28 - 35)	8.6 (6.7 - 10)	34 (30 - 38)	63 (57 - 68)	120 (110 - 130)
2	2992	0	40 (37 - 43)	11 (9.5 - 12)	44 (39 - 48)	75 (67 - 84)	140 (110 - 170)

Table 8.11.5: Molybdenum -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a90 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a90 footnotes Table a90 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a90 footnote a referrer Table a90 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a90 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a90 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6311	0.02	45 (42 - 48)	12 (11 - 14)	49 (46 - 52)	84 (78 - 89)	170 (150 - 190)
3-5 years
1^{Table a90 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	573	0	82 (75 - 90)	32 (27 - 36)	86 (77 - 95)	120 (120 - 130)	290 (200 - 380)
6-11 years
1	1034	0	57 (50 - 64)	19 (15 - 23)	60 (52 - 68)	100 (95 - 100)	170 (160 - 180)
2	1062	0	78 (72 - 85)	30 (27 - 34)	79 (70 - 88)	130 (110 - 140)	250 (190 - 320)
12-19 years
1	983	0	54 (47 - 62)	15 (11 - 19)	62 (55 - 70)	99 (92 - 110)	170 (150 - 190)
2	1041	0	65 (58 - 72)	20 (13 - 27)	69 (59 - 80)	100 (93 - 120)	190 (160 - 230)
20-39 years
1	1169	0	38 (33 - 43)	10 (7.2 - 13)	44 (39 - 49)	73 (67 - 79)	140 (110 - 160)
2	1321	0	49 (44 - 54)	14 (9.8 - 18)	53 (47 - 59)	87 (77 - 96)	190 (150 - 220)
40-59 years
1	1223	0	31 (28 - 33)	8.8 (7.1 - 10)	33 (31 - 36)	60 (56 - 64)	120 (100 - 130)
2	1228	0	38 (34 - 41)	9.6 (7.2 - 12)	41 (35 - 46)	73 (64 - 83)	120 (110 - 130)
60-79 years
1	1083	0	30 (28 - 33)	9.9 (8.8 - 11)	32 (29 - 35)	54 (51 - 58)	100 (95 - 110)
2	1086	0.09	32 (29 - 35)	9.4 (8.6 - 10)	35 (30 - 39)	57 (51 - 62)	110 (96 - 130)

Table 8.11.6: Molybdenum -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a91 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a91 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a91 footnotes Table a91 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a91 footnote a referrer Table a91 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a91 footnote b referrer Table a91 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a91 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a91 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3036	0.03	50 (46 - 53)	15 (12 - 17)	53 (49 - 57)	92 (84 - 100)	190 (170 - 210)
Males, 6-11 years
1	524	0	59 (48 - 72)	20 (13 - 28)	64 (52 - 77)	100 (90 - 120)	180 (160 - 210)
2	532	0	89 (77 - 100)	39 (31 - 46)	90 (72 - 110)	140 (110 - 170)	280 (200 - 360)
Males, 12-19 years
1	505	0	57 (51 - 65)	20 (15 - 25)	64 (56 - 72)	96 (87 - 110)	180 (130 - 220)
2	542	0	72 (61 - 85)	28 (19 - 36)	81 (66 - 95)	110 (93 - 130)	200 (140 - 250)
Males, 20-39 years
1	514	0	42 (37 - 47)	11 (8.3 - 14)	48 (43 - 53)	78 (71 - 86)	160 (140 - 190)
2	551	0	52 (47 - 58)	13^E (7.4 - 18)	59 (50 - 68)	98 (85 - 110)	200 (160 - 240)
Males, 40-59 years
1	578	0	38 (35 - 41)	10 (7.9 - 13)	42 (36 - 47)	69 (61 - 78)	130 (110 - 150)
2	616	0	41 (36 - 46)	13^E (7.9 - 18)	43 (36 - 51)	76 (70 - 83)	120 (99 - 150)
Males, 60-79 years
1	541	0	36 (34 - 39)	13 (11 - 14)	37 (32 - 42)	61 (55 - 67)	110 (97 - 120)
2	505	0.20	36 (31 - 41)	11 (8.9 - 13)	40 (33 - 46)	59 (48 - 69)	120 (100 - 140)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a91 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3275	0	41 (38 - 44)	11 (9.7 - 12)	44 (40 - 48)	78 (69 - 86)	140 (120 - 170)
Females, 6-11 years
1	510	0	54 (47 - 62)	17 (13 - 22)	58 (49 - 67)	99 (87 - 110)	170 (140 - 190)
2	530	0	68 (62 - 75)	26 (20 - 31)	71 (62 - 80)	110 (91 - 130)	230 (180 - 280)
Females, 12-19 years
1	478	0	50 (40 - 63)	13^E (7.5 - 18)	58 (48 - 69)	100 (89 - 110)	170 (140 - 190)
2	499	0	58 (52 - 64)	17 (12 - 23)	62 (56 - 69)	96 (89 - 100)	170 (140 - 200)
Females, 20-39 years
1	655	0	34 (28 - 41)	9.5 (6.0 - 13)	39 (31 - 46)	69 (59 - 79)	110 (89 - 130)
2	770	0	45 (39 - 53)	14 (9.4 - 19)	48 (37 - 60)	81 (68 - 95)	160^E (85 - 240)
Females, 40-59 years
1	645	0	25 (22 - 28)	6.2 (4.0 - 8.4)	27 (24 - 31)	51 (45 - 56)	98 (90 - 110)
2	612	0	35 (30 - 39)	9.2 (7.2 - 11)	38 (30 - 46)	64 (53 - 74)	110 (100 - 130)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	0	26 (22 - 30)	8.1 (6.0 - 10)	27 (21 - 32)	49 (45 - 52)	92 (77 - 110)
2	581	0	28 (26 - 31)	8.6 (7.6 - 9.6)	30 (26 - 34)	54 (46 - 62)	100 (84 - 120)

Table 8.11.7: Molybdenum (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a92 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a92 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a92 footnotes Table a92 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a92 footnote a referrer Table a92 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a92 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5479	0	44 (42 - 46)	20 (19 - 22)	43 (42 - 44)	64 (61 - 67)	120 (110 - 130)
2	5719	0.02	41 (39 - 43)	19 (17 - 20)	41 (39 - 44)	61 (57 - 65)	120 (110 - 130)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2653	0	42 (40 - 43)	19 (18 - 21)	40 (39 - 42)	61 (57 - 65)	110 (100 - 120)
2	2739	0.04	39 (37 - 41)	18 (16 - 19)	38 (35 - 41)	58 (55 - 62)	120 (100 - 130)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2826	0	46 (44 - 49)	21 (19 - 23)	46 (43 - 48)	66 (62 - 70)	120 (110 - 130)
2	2980	0	44 (41 - 47)	20 (19 - 22)	43 (40 - 46)	64 (59 - 70)	120 (100 - 140)

Table 8.11.8: Molybdenum (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a93 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a93 footnotes Table a93 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a93 footnote a referrer Table a93 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a93 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a93 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6291	0.02	43 (41 - 45)	19 (17 - 20)	42 (40 - 45)	64 (60 - 68)	140 (120 - 160)
3-5 years
1^{Table a93 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	572	0	140 (130 - 150)	59 (41 - 77)	140 (130 - 150)	190 (170 - 220)	490^E (310 - 680)
6-11 years
1	1031	0	87 (84 - 91)	47 (43 - 50)	84 (79 - 89)	120 (110 - 120)	220 (190 - 240)
2	1058	0	88 (82 - 95)	42 (37 - 47)	85 (77 - 93)	130 (110 - 140)	260 (190 - 330)
12-19 years
1	982	0	47 (43 - 51)	21 (19 - 24)	46 (42 - 51)	69 (63 - 76)	110 (95 - 120)
2	1039	0	48 (45 - 51)	27 (25 - 28)	46 (41 - 50)	68 (61 - 74)	110 (85 - 140)
20-39 years
1	1165	0	42 (40 - 45)	20 (17 - 22)	42 (39 - 45)	59 (54 - 63)	110 (93 - 120)
2	1319	0	40 (37 - 42)	18 (16 - 20)	42 (39 - 45)	59 (52 - 65)	120 (85 - 160)
40-59 years
1	1218	0	39 (37 - 42)	19 (17 - 22)	39 (36 - 41)	55 (50 - 59)	100 (95 - 110)
2	1223	0	36 (34 - 39)	17 (15 - 19)	36 (33 - 38)	53 (49 - 56)	94 (78 - 110)
60-79 years
1	1083	0	43 (39 - 46)	19 (16 - 22)	43 (40 - 46)	61 (56 - 66)	110 (97 - 120)
2	1080	0.09	37 (34 - 40)	18 (15 - 21)	37 (33 - 41)	54 (49 - 59)	99 (90 - 110)

Table 8.11.9: Molybdenum (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a94 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a94 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a94 footnotes Table a94 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a94 footnote a referrer Table a94 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a94 footnote b referrer Table a94 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a94 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a94 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3028	0.03	40 (39 - 42)	18 (16 - 19)	39 (36 - 43)	61 (57 - 66)	140 (120 - 150)
Males, 6-11 years
1	522	0	90 (84 - 96)	48 (41 - 54)	88 (81 - 94)	120 (110 - 130)	220 (200 - 250)
2	530	0	97 (86 - 110)	50 (39 - 61)	92 (79 - 100)	130 (120 - 150)	290 (190 - 380)
Males, 12-19 years
1	504	0	48 (44 - 53)	23 (20 - 25)	49 (44 - 53)	72 (65 - 79)	110 (85 - 130)
2	541	0	49 (44 - 54)	26 (22 - 31)	48 (42 - 55)	70 (60 - 80)	120^E (57 - 180)
Males, 20-39 years
1	512	0	38 (36 - 41)	18 (16 - 19)	39 (36 - 42)	57 (50 - 63)	95 (76 - 110)
2	550	0	36 (34 - 39)	17 (15 - 18)	38 (33 - 44)	56 (50 - 62)	97 (66 - 130)
Males, 40-59 years
1	574	0	38 (35 - 40)	20 (18 - 22)	37 (35 - 38)	51 (47 - 55)	100 (86 - 120)
2	615	0	33 (30 - 36)	17 (14 - 19)	33 (30 - 36)	49 (44 - 54)	78 (62 - 93)
Males, 60-79 years
1	541	0	38 (35 - 42)	18 (15 - 21)	38 (34 - 42)	56 (50 - 61)	97 (88 - 110)
2	503	0.20	35 (32 - 38)	15 (13 - 18)	34 (29 - 39)	52 (45 - 60)	89 (80 - 98)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a94 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3263	0	46 (43 - 49)	21 (19 - 22)	44 (41 - 46)	67 (62 - 73)	150 (120 - 170)
Females, 6-11 years
1	509	0	85 (79 - 91)	46 (42 - 51)	81 (75 - 87)	110 (100 - 130)	200 (150 - 240)
2	528	0	80 (74 - 87)	38 (31 - 44)	79 (71 - 87)	120 (100 - 130)	220 (190 - 260)
Females, 12-19 years
1	478	0	45 (41 - 51)	20 (17 - 24)	44 (38 - 50)	67 (58 - 76)	110 (96 - 120)
2	498	0	48 (45 - 50)	27 (25 - 28)	45 (42 - 47)	67 (60 - 73)	110 (100 - 120)
Females, 20-39 years
1	653	0	46 (42 - 51)	24 (22 - 26)	45 (41 - 49)	62 (54 - 70)	120^E (75 - 170)
2	769	0	44 (40 - 49)	21 (17 - 24)	43 (40 - 47)	65 (54 - 75)	120^E (68 - 170)
Females, 40-59 years
1	644	0	41 (37 - 45)	19 (15 - 23)	41 (38 - 44)	60 (54 - 65)	100 (91 - 120)
2	608	0	40 (36 - 44)	18 (15 - 22)	40 (35 - 45)	58 (51 - 65)	110 (89 - 140)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	0	47 (43 - 51)	20 (16 - 25)	48 (42 - 54)	69 (60 - 77)	120 (110 - 130)
2	577	0	40 (36 - 44)	20 (17 - 23)	39 (35 - 43)	56 (47 - 65)	110 (85 - 130)

Table 8.12.1: Nickel -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a95 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a95 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a95 footnotes Table a95 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a95 footnote a referrer Table a95 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a95 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5319	6.69	0.63 (0.57 - 0.70)	<LOD	0.53 (0.52 - 0.55)	0.60^E (<LOD - 1.0)	1.6 (1.3 - 2.0)
2	5572	12.15	0.48 (0.45 - 0.51)	<LOD	0.49 (0.46 - 0.52)	0.56 (0.55 - 0.57)	1.1 (1.1 - 1.2)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2576	6.72	0.62 (0.56 - 0.69)	<LOD	0.53 (0.51 - 0.55)	0.59^E (<LOD - 0.95)	1.5 (1.2 - 1.8)
2	2685	10.99	0.48 (0.45 - 0.51)	<LOD	0.50 (0.47 - 0.53)	0.56 (0.55 - 0.57)	1.1 (1.0 - 1.2)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2743	6.67	0.64 (0.58 - 0.71)	<LOD	0.54 (0.52 - 0.55)	F	1.8 (1.4 - 2.2)
2	2887	13.23	0.47 (0.44 - 0.50)	<LOD	0.48 (0.44 - 0.52)	0.56 (0.55 - 0.57)	1.1 (1.1 - 1.2)

Table 8.12.2: Nickel -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a96 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a96 footnotes Table a96 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a96 footnote a referrer Table a96 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a96 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a96 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6067	11.95	0.48 (0.45 - 0.51)	<LOD	0.49 (0.46 - 0.52)	0.56 (0.55 - 0.57)	1.1 (1.1 - 1.2)
3-5 years
1^{Table a96 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	495	9.70	0.51 (0.46 - 0.56)	<LOD (<LOD - 0.33)	0.52 (0.47 - 0.57)	0.57 (0.55 - 0.58)	1.2 (0.96 - 1.4)
6-11 years
1	910	6.37	0.68 (0.61 - 0.77)	<LOD	0.54 (0.53 - 0.56)	1.0^E (0.46 - 1.6)	2.1 (1.5 - 2.8)
2	961	12.80	0.46 (0.42 - 0.50)	<LOD	0.47 (0.41 - 0.53)	0.56 (0.54 - 0.57)	1.1 (0.97 - 1.3)
12-19 years
1	945	7.20	0.64 (0.56 - 0.74)	<LOD	0.54 (0.52 - 0.56)	0.92^E (0.40 - 1.4)	1.8 (1.4 - 2.1)
2	996	13.65	0.46 (0.40 - 0.52)	<LOD	0.47 (0.40 - 0.54)	0.56 (0.54 - 0.57)	1.1 (0.75 - 1.5)
20-39 years
1	1165	6.95	0.62 (0.58 - 0.67)	<LOD	0.53 (0.52 - 0.55)	0.59^E (<LOD - 0.83)	1.6 (1.1 - 2.0)
2	1313	12.49	0.45 (0.41 - 0.51)	<LOD	0.48 (0.44 - 0.52)	0.56 (0.54 - 0.57)	1.1^E (0.71 - 1.6)
40-59 years
1	1220	6.80	0.61 (0.54 - 0.70)	<LOD	0.53 (0.51 - 0.55)	0.59^E (<LOD - 0.94)	1.6 (1.2 - 2.0)
2	1222	11.37	0.50 (0.48 - 0.53)	<LOD^E (<LOD - 0.32)	0.51 (0.49 - 0.53)	0.56 (0.56 - 0.57)	1.1 (1.1 - 1.2)
60-79 years
1	1079	6.12	0.65 (0.58 - 0.71)	<LOD	0.54 (0.52 - 0.56)	0.94^E (<LOD - 1.5)	1.6 (1.0 - 2.1)
2	1080	10.65	0.48 (0.44 - 0.51)	<LOD	0.48 (0.45 - 0.52)	0.56 (0.55 - 0.57)	1.1 (1.1 - 1.2)

Table 8.12.3: Nickel -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a97 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a97 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a97 footnotes Table a97 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a97 footnote a referrer Table a97 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a97 footnote b referrer Table a97 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a97 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a97 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	2938	10.96	0.48 (0.45 - 0.51)	<LOD	0.50 (0.47 - 0.53)	0.56 (0.55 - 0.57)	1.1 (1.1 - 1.2)
Males, 6-11 years
1	459	8.06	0.67 (0.60 - 0.76)	<LOD	0.54 (0.52 - 0.56)	1.0^E (0.41 - 1.6)	2.3 (1.6 - 3.0)
2	488	12.91	0.45 (0.41 - 0.50)	<LOD	0.45 (0.39 - 0.52)	0.55 (0.52 - 0.58)	1.1 (0.83 - 1.4)
Males, 12-19 years
1	489	7.98	0.64 (0.57 - 0.72)	<LOD	0.54 (0.52 - 0.56)	1.0^E (0.45 - 1.6)	1.7 (1.4 - 2.1)
2	522	11.49	0.46 (0.41 - 0.53)	<LOD	0.49 (0.41 - 0.57)	0.56 (0.54 - 0.58)	1.1^E (0.49 - 1.6)
Males, 20-39 years
1	514	5.84	0.60 (0.54 - 0.67)	<LOD	0.53 (0.51 - 0.55)	0.59 (0.46 - 0.72)	1.3 (1.1 - 1.5)
2	552	10.87	0.47 (0.43 - 0.52)	<LOD	0.49 (0.46 - 0.52)	0.56 (0.55 - 0.57)	1.1 (0.74 - 1.5)
Males, 40-59 years
1	577	6.93	0.60 (0.52 - 0.70)	<LOD	0.53 (0.50 - 0.55)	0.59^E (<LOD - 0.96)	1.5 (1.1 - 1.9)
2	617	10.53	0.49 (0.46 - 0.53)	F	0.52 (0.49 - 0.55)	0.56 (0.56 - 0.57)	1.1 (0.84 - 1.4)
Males, 60-79 years
1	537	5.03	0.64 (0.59 - 0.71)	<LOD	0.54 (0.51 - 0.56)	0.91^E (<LOD - 1.4)	1.7 (1.2 - 2.3)
2	506	9.29	0.49 (0.46 - 0.54)	<LOD^E (<LOD - 0.32)	0.49 (0.45 - 0.53)	0.56 (0.55 - 0.57)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.2)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a97 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3129	12.88	0.47 (0.44 - 0.50)	<LOD	0.48 (0.45 - 0.52)	0.56 (0.55 - 0.57)	1.1 (1.1 - 1.2)
Females, 6-11 years
1	451	4.66	0.70 (0.61 - 0.80)	<LOD (<LOD - 0.40)	0.55 (0.52 - 0.57)	1.1^E (0.60 - 1.6)	1.9^E (1.2 - 2.6)
2	473	12.68	0.47 (0.43 - 0.51)	<LOD	0.49 (0.43 - 0.54)	0.56 (0.55 - 0.58)	1.1 (0.94 - 1.3)
Females, 12-19 years
1	456	6.36	0.65 (0.55 - 0.76)	<LOD	0.54 (0.51 - 0.56)	F	1.8 (1.2 - 2.3)
2	474	16.03	0.45 (0.38 - 0.52)	<LOD	0.45 (0.39 - 0.51)	0.55 (0.54 - 0.57)	1.1^E (0.42 - 1.9)
Females, 20-39 years
1	651	7.83	0.65 (0.59 - 0.70)	<LOD	0.54 (0.52 - 0.55)	F	1.9 (1.5 - 2.4)
2	761	13.67	0.44 (0.39 - 0.50)	<LOD	0.46 (0.41 - 0.51)	0.55 (0.54 - 0.57)	1.1^E (0.62 - 1.7)
Females, 40-59 years
1	643	6.69	0.62 (0.55 - 0.71)	<LOD	0.53 (0.51 - 0.55)	0.60^E (<LOD - 0.94)	1.8 (1.3 - 2.3)
2	605	12.23	0.51 (0.48 - 0.55)	<LOD (<LOD - 0.34)	0.50 (0.48 - 0.53)	0.56 (0.52 - 0.61)	1.2 (0.96 - 1.3)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	7.20	0.65 (0.57 - 0.74)	<LOD	0.54 (0.52 - 0.56)	0.95^E (<LOD - 1.5)	1.6 (1.0 - 2.1)
2	574	11.85	0.46 (0.41 - 0.51)	<LOD	0.48 (0.43 - 0.53)	0.56 (0.55 - 0.57)	1.1 (0.90 - 1.2)

Table 8.12.4: Nickel -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a98 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a98 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a98 footnotes Table a98 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a98 footnote a referrer Table a98 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a98 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5491	3.15	1.1 (1.0 - 1.2)	0.29^E (<LOD - 0.43)	1.1 (1.0 - 1.2)	2.0 (1.9 - 2.1)	4.4 (4.0 - 4.8)
2	5737	4.29	1.3 (1.3 - 1.4)	0.45 (0.40 - 0.50)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	2.3 (2.1 - 2.4)	4.8 (4.2 - 5.4)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2662	2.85	1.1 (1.1 - 1.2)	0.40 (0.36 - 0.43)	1.1 (1.1 - 1.2)	2.0 (1.8 - 2.2)	4.5 (3.8 - 5.3)
2	2745	3.53	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	0.50 (0.42 - 0.57)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	2.3 (2.1 - 2.6)	4.7 (4.0 - 5.5)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2829	3.43	1.1 (0.97 - 1.2)	0.27 (<LOD - 0.36)	1.1 (0.96 - 1.2)	2.0 (1.8 - 2.1)	4.3 (3.6 - 5.0)
2	2992	4.98	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	0.43 (0.38 - 0.47)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	2.2 (2.0 - 2.4)	4.8 (3.8 - 5.8)

Table 8.12.5: Nickel -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a99 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a99 footnotes Table a99 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a99 footnote a referrer Table a99 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a99 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a99 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6310	4.29	1.3 (1.3 - 1.4)	0.45 (0.40 - 0.50)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	2.3 (2.1 - 2.4)	4.8 (4.2 - 5.3)
3-5 years
1^{Table a99 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	573	4.36	1.4 (1.3 - 1.6)	0.58 (0.45 - 0.72)	1.4 (1.2 - 1.6)	2.3 (2.0 - 2.6)	4.5 (3.4 - 5.6)
6-11 years
1	1034	2.80	1.3 (1.1 - 1.6)	0.40^E (0.23 - 0.57)	1.4 (1.2 - 1.6)	2.5 (2.2 - 2.9)	5.0 (4.2 - 5.8)
2	1061	2.45	1.7 (1.6 - 1.8)	0.59 (0.53 - 0.64)	1.7 (1.5 - 1.9)	2.8 (2.5 - 3.2)	5.8 (5.1 - 6.4)
12-19 years
1	983	1.73	1.5 (1.4 - 1.7)	0.48 (0.37 - 0.59)	1.6 (1.5 - 1.7)	2.5 (2.3 - 2.8)	5.3 (4.2 - 6.4)
2	1041	3.07	1.6 (1.5 - 1.8)	0.56 (0.46 - 0.67)	1.7 (1.5 - 1.8)	2.7 (2.5 - 3.0)	4.7 (4.1 - 5.3)
20-39 years
1	1168	3.68	1.0 (0.89 - 1.1)	0.26 (<LOD - 0.34)	1.0 (0.92 - 1.1)	1.7 (1.5 - 2.0)	3.7 (3.1 - 4.3)
2	1321	5.22	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	0.45 (0.36 - 0.54)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.5)	2.1 (1.9 - 2.3)	5.0 (3.8 - 6.2)
40-59 years
1	1223	5.07	1.0 (0.96 - 1.1)	0.27 (<LOD - 0.35)	1.0 (0.93 - 1.1)	2.0 (1.8 - 2.1)	4.6 (3.3 - 5.9)
2	1228	5.78	1.3 (1.1 - 1.4)	0.42 (0.31 - 0.53)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	2.1 (1.9 - 2.4)	4.3 (3.2 - 5.4)
60-79 years
1	1083	2.03	1.1 (1.1 - 1.2)	0.40 (0.32 - 0.48)	1.1 (1.0 - 1.2)	1.9 (1.8 - 2.1)	4.7 (3.8 - 5.5)
2	1086	4.42	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	0.43 (0.33 - 0.53)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	2.2 (1.9 - 2.4)	4.7 (4.1 - 5.3)

Table 8.12.6: Nickel -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a100 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a100 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a100 footnotes Table a100 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a100 footnote a referrer Table a100 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a100 footnote b referrer Table a100 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a100 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a100 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3035	3.66	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	0.50 (0.42 - 0.57)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	2.3 (2.1 - 2.6)	4.7 (4.1 - 5.4)
Males, 6-11 years
1	524	3.05	1.3 (1.0 - 1.7)	F	1.4 (1.1 - 1.8)	2.6 (2.1 - 3.1)	4.6 (4.0 - 5.2)
2	531	1.69	1.9 (1.6 - 2.2)	0.66 (0.50 - 0.82)	1.9 (1.5 - 2.2)	3.0 (2.3 - 3.7)	5.9 (4.2 - 7.7)
Males, 12-19 years
1	505	1.19	1.4 (1.3 - 1.6)	0.47 (0.37 - 0.57)	1.5 (1.3 - 1.6)	2.2 (2.0 - 2.5)	4.8 (3.1 - 6.5)
2	542	2.40	1.6 (1.4 - 1.8)	0.59 (0.43 - 0.74)	1.7 (1.5 - 1.9)	2.6 (2.2 - 2.9)	4.6 (3.7 - 5.4)
Males, 20-39 years
1	514	3.89	1.0 (0.90 - 1.1)	0.26^E (<LOD - 0.40)	1.0 (0.97 - 1.1)	1.6 (1.3 - 1.9)	3.7 (3.0 - 4.5)
2	551	5.81	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	0.46 (0.31 - 0.62)	1.4 (1.1 - 1.6)	2.2 (1.8 - 2.6)	4.5 (3.2 - 5.7)
Males, 40-59 years
1	578	4.33	1.1 (0.99 - 1.3)	0.39 (0.27 - 0.52)	1.1 (0.91 - 1.3)	2.0 (1.7 - 2.3)	5.4 (4.5 - 6.4)
2	616	4.22	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	0.45 (0.32 - 0.58)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.5)	2.1 (1.7 - 2.6)	4.1 (3.2 - 5.0)
Males, 60-79 years
1	541	1.66	1.3 (1.1 - 1.4)	0.47 (0.43 - 0.50)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.4)	2.1 (1.7 - 2.5)	5.5 (3.5 - 7.5)
2	505	3.37	1.3 (1.2 - 1.5)	0.49 (0.36 - 0.61)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	2.2 (1.8 - 2.6)	5.4 (3.8 - 7.0)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a100 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3275	4.89	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	0.43 (0.39 - 0.47)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	2.2 (2.0 - 2.4)	4.8 (3.9 - 5.7)
Females, 6-11 years
1	510	2.55	1.3 (1.2 - 1.5)	0.43 (0.29 - 0.58)	1.3 (1.1 - 1.5)	2.3 (2.0 - 2.7)	5.5 (4.5 - 6.5)
2	530	3.21	1.5 (1.4 - 1.7)	0.55 (0.44 - 0.65)	1.6 (1.4 - 1.7)	2.6 (2.1 - 3.0)	5.3 (4.6 - 6.1)
Females, 12-19 years
1	478	2.30	1.6 (1.4 - 1.9)	0.49^E (<LOD - 0.78)	1.8 (1.6 - 2.0)	3.0 (2.6 - 3.3)	5.7 (4.0 - 7.5)
2	499	3.81	1.6 (1.4 - 1.8)	0.48 (0.35 - 0.60)	1.7 (1.5 - 1.9)	3.0 (2.7 - 3.3)	5.0 (4.5 - 5.5)
Females, 20-39 years
1	654	3.52	1.0 (0.82 - 1.2)	0.26^E (<LOD - 0.40)	1.0 (0.81 - 1.2)	1.8 (1.4 - 2.2)	3.3 (2.2 - 4.4)
2	770	4.81	1.3 (1.2 - 1.5)	0.45 (0.34 - 0.55)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.5)	2.0 (1.8 - 2.3)	5.3^E (2.8 - 7.8)
Females, 40-59 years
1	645	5.74	0.96 (0.85 - 1.1)	0.23 (<LOD - 0.31)	1.0 (0.85 - 1.1)	1.9 (1.7 - 2.1)	3.8^E (2.2 - 5.5)
2	612	7.35	1.2 (1.1 - 1.4)	0.33^E (<LOD - 0.50)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.5)	2.1 (1.8 - 2.4)	4.4^E (2.3 - 6.5)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	2.40	1.0 (0.93 - 1.1)	0.30^E (<LOD - 0.43)	1.0 (0.89 - 1.1)	1.7 (1.5 - 1.9)	4.3 (3.3 - 5.3)
2	581	5.34	1.2 (1.1 - 1.4)	0.39 (<LOD - 0.49)	1.4 (1.2 - 1.6)	2.1 (1.8 - 2.4)	4.3 (3.5 - 5.1)

Table 8.12.7: Nickel (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a101 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a101 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a101 footnotes Table a101 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a101 footnote a referrer Table a101 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a101 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5478	3.16	1.3 (1.3 - 1.4)	0.55 (<LOD - 0.58)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.3)	2.0 (1.9 - 2.1)	4.5 (3.9 - 5.0)
2	5718	4.30	1.2 (1.2 - 1.3)	0.56 (0.51 - 0.61)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	1.9 (1.8 - 2.0)	4.0 (3.5 - 4.4)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2653	2.86	1.1 (1.1 - 1.2)	0.48 (0.45 - 0.52)	1.1 (0.99 - 1.1)	1.7 (1.6 - 1.8)	3.7 (3.2 - 4.3)
2	2738	3.54	1.1 (1.0 - 1.1)	0.49 (0.45 - 0.53)	1.0 (0.97 - 1.1)	1.6 (1.5 - 1.6)	3.2 (2.6 - 3.7)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2825	3.43	1.6 (1.5 - 1.7)	0.70 (<LOD - 0.76)	1.5 (1.4 - 1.6)	2.3 (2.1 - 2.5)	5.2 (4.3 - 6.1)
2	2980	5.00	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	0.67 (0.58 - 0.75)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.4)	2.2 (1.9 - 2.4)	4.6 (4.0 - 5.1)

Table 8.12.8: Nickel (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a102 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a102 footnotes Table a102 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a102 footnote a referrer Table a102 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a102 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a102 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6290	4.31	1.3 (1.2 - 1.3)	0.57 (0.52 - 0.61)	1.2 (1.2 - 1.3)	1.9 (1.8 - 2.0)	4.2 (3.8 - 4.6)
3-5 years
1^{Table a102 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	572	4.37	2.4 (2.1 - 2.7)	1.0 (0.75 - 1.3)	2.4 (2.0 - 2.8)	3.5 (3.2 - 3.9)	6.1 (5.0 - 7.2)
6-11 years
1	1031	2.81	2.0 (1.8 - 2.3)	0.85 (0.69 - 1.0)	2.0 (1.7 - 2.2)	3.0 (2.7 - 3.3)	5.6 (4.6 - 6.7)
2	1057	2.46	1.9 (1.8 - 2.0)	0.93 (0.86 - 1.0)	1.9 (1.8 - 2.1)	2.7 (2.5 - 2.9)	5.7 (4.7 - 6.7)
12-19 years
1	982	1.73	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	0.57 (0.52 - 0.63)	1.3 (1.1 - 1.4)	2.0 (1.7 - 2.3)	3.9 (3.6 - 4.3)
2	1039	3.08	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	0.58 (0.51 - 0.64)	1.1 (1.1 - 1.2)	1.8 (1.6 - 2.0)	3.0 (2.7 - 3.3)
20-39 years
1	1164	3.69	1.1 (1.0 - 1.2)	0.46 (<LOD - 0.51)	1.1 (0.96 - 1.2)	1.6 (1.5 - 1.8)	3.9 (2.9 - 4.8)
2	1319	5.23	1.1 (1.0 - 1.1)	0.49 (0.44 - 0.54)	1.0 (0.94 - 1.1)	1.5 (1.3 - 1.7)	3.5 (3.0 - 3.9)
40-59 years
1	1218	5.09	1.3 (1.3 - 1.4)	0.57 (<LOD - 0.61)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	2.0 (1.9 - 2.1)	4.4 (3.5 - 5.4)
2	1223	5.81	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	0.54 (0.47 - 0.62)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	1.7 (1.5 - 1.9)	3.7 (2.9 - 4.6)
60-79 years
1	1083	2.03	1.6 (1.5 - 1.7)	0.67 (0.59 - 0.75)	1.5 (1.4 - 1.6)	2.4 (2.3 - 2.5)	5.3 (4.8 - 5.8)
2	1080	4.44	1.5 (1.4 - 1.6)	0.65 (0.57 - 0.73)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	2.3 (2.1 - 2.5)	4.9 (4.4 - 5.3)

Table 8.12.9: Nickel (creatinine adjusted) -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/g creatinine) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a103 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a103 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a103 footnotes Table a103 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a103 footnote a referrer Table a103 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a103 footnote b referrer Table a103 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a103 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a103 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3027	3.67	1.1 (1.0 - 1.2)	0.49 (0.45 - 0.53)	1.1 (1.0 - 1.1)	1.6 (1.5 - 1.7)	3.4 (2.9 - 4.0)
Males, 6-11 years
1	522	3.07	2.0 (1.7 - 2.3)	0.83 (<LOD - 1.0)	2.0 (1.7 - 2.4)	2.9 (2.6 - 3.1)	5.2 (3.5 - 7.0)
2	529	1.70	2.1 (1.8 - 2.3)	1.0 (0.86 - 1.1)	2.1 (1.8 - 2.3)	2.7 (2.4 - 3.1)	6.5 (4.7 - 8.3)
Males, 12-19 years
1	504	1.19	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	0.55 (0.47 - 0.63)	1.0 (0.92 - 1.2)	1.8 (1.6 - 2.0)	4.1 (3.4 - 4.9)
2	541	2.40	1.1 (1.0 - 1.2)	0.52 (0.42 - 0.62)	1.0 (0.96 - 1.1)	1.5 (1.3 - 1.7)	2.8 (2.4 - 3.2)
Males, 20-39 years
1	512	3.91	0.92 (0.81 - 1.1)	0.40 (<LOD - 0.45)	0.90 (0.78 - 1.0)	1.4 (1.1 - 1.7)	2.8 (2.0 - 3.6)
2	550	5.82	0.88 (0.80 - 0.97)	0.44 (0.36 - 0.51)	0.89 (0.79 - 0.99)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.4)	2.3 (1.6 - 3.0)
Males, 40-59 years
1	574	4.36	1.1 (1.0 - 1.2)	0.50 (0.43 - 0.56)	1.0 (0.94 - 1.1)	1.6 (1.4 - 1.8)	3.4 (2.5 - 4.3)
2	615	4.23	1.0 (0.93 - 1.1)	0.47 (0.40 - 0.54)	1.0 (0.88 - 1.1)	1.5 (1.3 - 1.6)	3.1 (2.0 - 4.2)
Males, 60-79 years
1	541	1.66	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	0.57 (0.49 - 0.64)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	2.0 (1.7 - 2.3)	4.7 (3.2 - 6.3)
2	503	3.38	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	0.59 (0.56 - 0.63)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	1.9 (1.7 - 2.1)	3.6^E (2.2 - 4.9)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a103 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3263	4.90	1.5 (1.3 - 1.6)	0.67 (0.59 - 0.75)	1.4 (1.3 - 1.5)	2.2 (2.0 - 2.5)	4.6 (4.0 - 5.1)
Females, 6-11 years
1	509	2.55	2.1 (1.8 - 2.3)	0.93 (0.78 - 1.1)	1.9 (1.7 - 2.1)	3.1 (2.6 - 3.6)	5.7 (4.5 - 6.9)
2	528	3.22	1.8 (1.6 - 1.9)	0.85 (0.69 - 1.0)	1.9 (1.7 - 2.1)	2.7 (2.4 - 3.0)	4.8 (3.8 - 5.8)
Females, 12-19 years
1	478	2.30	1.5 (1.3 - 1.7)	0.63 (<LOD - 0.80)	1.5 (1.3 - 1.6)	2.2 (1.8 - 2.6)	3.9 (3.3 - 4.5)
2	498	3.82	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	0.64 (0.55 - 0.72)	1.3 (1.2 - 1.4)	2.0 (1.8 - 2.2)	3.6 (2.9 - 4.2)
Females, 20-39 years
1	652	3.53	1.4 (1.2 - 1.6)	0.63 (<LOD - 0.73)	1.3 (1.1 - 1.4)	2.0 (1.8 - 2.2)	4.6 (3.7 - 5.5)
2	769	4.81	1.3 (1.1 - 1.5)	0.61 (0.52 - 0.70)	1.2 (1.1 - 1.3)	1.9 (1.4 - 2.3)	3.9 (3.0 - 4.8)
Females, 40-59 years
1	644	5.75	1.6 (1.5 - 1.7)	0.73 (<LOD - 0.80)	1.5 (1.4 - 1.6)	2.3 (2.0 - 2.5)	4.9 (3.6 - 6.3)
2	608	7.40	1.4 (1.2 - 1.6)	0.66 (<LOD - 0.74)	1.4 (1.2 - 1.5)	2.0 (1.7 - 2.4)	4.5^E (2.8 - 6.2)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	2.40	1.9 (1.7 - 2.0)	0.81 (<LOD - 0.96)	1.8 (1.7 - 2.0)	2.7 (2.3 - 3.0)	5.9 (4.8 - 7.0)
2	577	5.37	1.7 (1.5 - 1.9)	0.76 (<LOD - 0.91)	1.6 (1.4 - 1.8)	2.8 (2.4 - 3.1)	5.2 (4.2 - 6.2)

Table 8.13.1: Selenium -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a104 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a104 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a104 footnotes Table a104 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a104 footnote a referrer Table a104 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a104 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5319	0	200 (200 - 210)	160 (160 - 170)	190 (190 - 200)	210 (210 - 220)	250 (240 - 260)
2	5575	0	190 (190 - 190)	160 (150 - 160)	180 (180 - 190)	200 (200 - 210)	240 (230 - 250)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2576	0	200 (200 - 210)	170 (160 - 170)	200 (190 - 200)	220 (210 - 220)	250 (240 - 260)
2	2687	0	190 (190 - 200)	160 (160 - 160)	190 (180 - 190)	200 (200 - 210)	240 (230 - 260)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2743	0	200 (190 - 200)	160 (160 - 160)	190 (190 - 200)	210 (210 - 210)	250 (240 - 250)
2	2888	0	190 (180 - 190)	150 (150 - 160)	180 (180 - 190)	200 (200 - 210)	240 (230 - 250)

Table 8.13.2: Selenium -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a105 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a105 footnotes Table a105 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a105 footnote a referrer Table a105 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a105 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a105 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6070	0	190 (190 - 190)	160 (150 - 160)	180 (180 - 190)	200 (200 - 210)	240 (230 - 250)
3-5 years
1^{Table a105 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	495	0	170 (160 - 170)	140 (140 - 150)	160 (160 - 170)	170 (170 - 180)	200 (200 - 210)
6-11 years
1	910	0	190 (180 - 190)	150 (150 - 160)	180 (180 - 180)	200 (190 - 200)	230 (220 - 230)
2	961	0	170 (170 - 180)	140 (140 - 150)	170 (160 - 170)	180 (180 - 190)	210 (200 - 220)
12-19 years
1	945	0	200 (190 - 200)	160 (160 - 170)	190 (190 - 190)	210 (200 - 210)	250 (240 - 260)
2	997	0	190 (180 - 190)	160 (150 - 160)	180 (180 - 180)	200 (190 - 200)	230 (220 - 240)
20-39 years
1	1165	0	200 (200 - 210)	160 (160 - 170)	200 (190 - 200)	210 (210 - 220)	250 (230 - 260)
2	1313	0	190 (190 - 200)	160 (150 - 160)	190 (180 - 190)	200 (200 - 210)	240 (220 - 270)
40-59 years
1	1220	0	200 (200 - 210)	170 (160 - 170)	200 (190 - 200)	220 (210 - 230)	250 (240 - 260)
2	1222	0	190 (190 - 200)	160 (150 - 160)	190 (180 - 190)	210 (210 - 210)	240 (240 - 250)
60-79 years
1	1079	0	200 (200 - 210)	170 (160 - 170)	200 (190 - 200)	220 (210 - 220)	250 (240 - 270)
2	1082	0	190 (190 - 190)	160 (150 - 160)	180 (180 - 190)	200 (200 - 210)	240 (230 - 240)

Table 8.13.3: Selenium -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of whole blood concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by sex and age group ^{Table a106 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a106 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a106 footnotes Table a106 footnote 1 Breakdown by sex for the 3-5 year old age group is not recommended. Return to table a106 footnote a referrer Table a106 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a106 footnote b referrer Table a106 footnote 3 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a106 footnote c referrer
Males, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a106 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	2940	0	190 (190 - 190)	160 (160 - 160)	190 (180 - 190)	200 (200 - 210)	240 (230 - 260)
Males, 6-11 years
1	459	0	190 (180 - 190)	150 (150 - 160)	180 (180 - 180)	190 (190 - 200)	220 (210 - 240)
2	488	0	170 (170 - 180)	140 (140 - 150)	170 (160 - 170)	180 (180 - 190)	210 (200 - 220)
Males, 12-19 years
1	489	0	200 (190 - 200)	160 (160 - 170)	190 (180 - 190)	210 (200 - 220)	250 (230 - 260)
2	523	0	190 (180 - 190)	160 (150 - 160)	180 (180 - 190)	200 (190 - 200)	220 (190 - 250)
Males, 20-39 years
1	514	0	210 (200 - 210)	170 (170 - 170)	200 (190 - 200)	220 (210 - 230)	260 (240 - 290)
2	552	0	190 (190 - 200)	160 (160 - 170)	190 (180 - 190)	200 (200 - 210)	250 (220 - 280)
Males, 40-59 years
1	577	0	210 (200 - 210)	170 (160 - 180)	200 (190 - 210)	220 (220 - 230)	250 (240 - 260)
2	617	0	200 (190 - 200)	160 (160 - 170)	190 (190 - 200)	210 (210 - 210)	250 (230 - 270)
Males, 60-79 years
1	537	0	200 (200 - 210)	170 (160 - 180)	200 (190 - 210)	220 (210 - 230)	250 (240 - 270)
2	507	0	190 (190 - 190)	160 (160 - 160)	190 (180 - 190)	200 (200 - 200)	230 (220 - 240)
Females, Total 3-79 years
1^{Table a106 footnote c}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	3130	0	190 (180 - 190)	150 (150 - 160)	180 (180 - 180)	200 (200 - 210)	240 (230 - 250)
Females, 6-11 years
1	451	0	190 (180 - 190)	150 (150 - 160)	180 (180 - 190)	200 (200 - 200)	230 (220 - 240)
2	473	0	180 (170 - 180)	140 (140 - 150)	170 (170 - 170)	190 (180 - 190)	220 (180 - 250)
Females, 12-19 years
1	456	0	190 (190 - 200)	160 (150 - 160)	190 (190 - 190)	210 (200 - 210)	250 (240 - 260)
2	474	0	180 (180 - 190)	160 (150 - 160)	180 (170 - 180)	200 (190 - 200)	230 (220 - 230)
Females, 20-39 years
1	651	0	200 (190 - 200)	160 (160 - 170)	190 (190 - 200)	210 (200 - 220)	240 (230 - 250)
2	761	0	190 (180 - 190)	150 (150 - 160)	180 (180 - 190)	200 (190 - 210)	230 (200 - 270)
Females, 40-59 years
1	643	0	200 (200 - 200)	160 (160 - 170)	190 (190 - 200)	210 (200 - 220)	250 (240 - 260)
2	605	0	190 (190 - 200)	150 (150 - 160)	190 (180 - 190)	210 (200 - 220)	240 (240 - 250)
Females, 60-79 years
1	542	0	200 (200 - 210)	160 (160 - 170)	190 (190 - 200)	220 (210 - 230)	250 (230 - 280)
2	575	0	190 (180 - 190)	150 (150 - 160)	180 (180 - 190)	200 (200 - 210)	240 (230 - 250)

Table 8.13.4: Selenium -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 6-79 years ^{Table a107 footnote a}, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a107 footnote b}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a107 footnotes Table a107 footnote 1 For the purpose of total population comparisons, only values from participants aged 6-79 years were included as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a107 footnote a referrer Table a107 footnote 2 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a107 footnote b referrer
Total, 6-79 years
1	5492	0.46	49 (44 - 53)	17 (14 - 19)	53 (48 - 58)	85 (79 - 91)	140 (130 - 150)
2	5738	0.16	51 (49 - 53)	17 (15 - 20)	59 (55 - 62)	83 (78 - 87)	130 (130 - 140)
Males, 6-79 years
1	2662	0.23	57 (52 - 61)	21 (18 - 24)	62 (57 - 67)	94 (86 - 100)	150 (140 - 160)
2	2746	0.18	57 (54 - 60)	23 (21 - 25)	64 (60 - 69)	88 (81 - 96)	140 (130 - 160)
Females, 6-79 years
1	2830	0.67	42 (38 - 47)	13 (11 - 16)	44 (38 - 50)	75 (69 - 82)	130 (110 - 140)
2	2992	0.13	46 (43 - 48)	15 (13 - 17)	52 (49 - 55)	78 (76 - 80)	120 (110 - 140)

Table 8.13.5: Selenium -- Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (μg/L) for the Canadian population aged 3-79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007-2009) and cycle 2 (2009-2011).
Cycle	N	%<LOD^{Table a108 footnote a}	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	75^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Table a108 footnotes Table a108 footnote 1 If >40% of samples were below the LOD, the percentile distribution is reported but means were not calculated. Return to table a108 footnote a referrer Table a108 footnote 2 Data not available as participants under the age of 6 years were not included in cycle 1 (2007-2009). Return to table a108 footnote b referrer
Total, 3-79 years
1^{Table a108 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	6311	0.14	51 (49 - 54)	18 (16 - 20)	59 (56 - 62)	83 (79 - 87)	130 (130 - 140)
3-5 years
1^{Table a108 footnote b}	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
2	573	0	61 (56 - 67)	29 (25 - 33)	64 (55 - 73)	89 (83 - 95)	140 (120 - 160)
6-11 years
1	1034	0.48	60 (54 - 67)	22 (18 - 26)	67 (60 - 74)	100 (93 - 110)	150 (140 - 160)
2	1062	0.09	67 (63 - 72)	29 (25 - 33)	71 (65 - 77)	97 (93 - 100)	150 (130 - 170)
12-19 years
1	983	0	62 (55 - 71)	22 (16 - 28)	70 (62 - 78)	100 (93 - 110)	160 (140 - 180)
2	1041	0	62 (56 - 67)	23 (18 - 29)	72 (65 - 78)	93 (87 - 98)	140 (130 - 140)

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Second Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada - Tables 8.1.1 to 8.19.9