Page 6: Sixth Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada

Appendix A: Limits of detection

Laboratory analyses of environmental chemicals and creatinine were performed at analytical laboratories within Health Canada, l'Institut national de santé publique du Québec and the ALS Laboratory Group. Laboratories developed standardized operating procedures for the analytical methods used to measure environmental chemicals or their metabolites in biological samples. The limit of detection (LOD) is defined as the lowest concentration of the analyte whose analytical response is measured to be greater than the noise level with 99% confidence and evaluated using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency methodology (EPA, 2015).

Table A-1: Limits of detection
Chemical		Cycle 1 (2007–2009)	Cycle 2 (2009–2011)	Cycle 3 (2012–2013)	Cycle 4 (2014–2015)	Cycle 5 (2016–2017)	Cycle 6 (2018–2019)
Metals and trace elements in blood
Lead		0.02 µg/dL	0.1 µg/dL	0.16 µg/dL	0.16 µg/dL	0.17 μg/dL	0.17 μg/dL
Cadmium		0.04 µg/L	0.04 µg/L	0.080 µg/L	0.080 µg/L	0.097 µg/L	0.097 µg/L
Chromium (VI)^{Table A-1 footnote a}		—	—	—	—	0.12 µg/L	0.12 µg/L
Selenium		8 μg/L	20 μg/L	—	—	32 µg/L	32 µg/L
Mercury	Mercury (total)	0.1 µg/L	0.1 µg/L	0.42 µg/L	0.42 µg/L	0.20 µg/L	0.20 µg/L
	Methylmercury	—	—	0.19 µg/L	0.19 µg/L	0.19 µg/L	0.19 µg/L
	Mercury (inorganic)	0.4 µg/L	—	—	—	0.22 µg/L	0.22 µg/L
Metals and trace elements in urine
Boron		—	—	—	—	160 µg/L	160 µg/L
Cadmium		0.09 μg/L	0.07 μg/L	—	—	0.066 µg/L	0.047 µg/L
Arsenic (speciated)	Arsenate	—	0.8 µg As/L	0.75 µg As/L	0.75 µg As/L	0.14 μg As/L	0.14 μg As/L
	Arsenite	—	0.8 µg As/L	0.75 µg As/L	0.75 µg As/L	0.25 μg As/L	0.25 μg As/L
	Arsenocholine and arsenobetaine	—	0.8 µg As/L	0.75 µg As/L	0.75 µg As/L	0.10 μg As/L	0.10 μg As/L
	Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)	—	0.8 µg As/L	0.75 µg As/L	0.75 µg As/L	0.14 μg As/L	0.14 μg As/L
	Monomethylarsonic acid (MMA)	—	0.8 µg As/L	0.75 µg As/L	0.75 µg As/L	0.13 μg As/L	0.13 μg As/L
Self-care and consumer product chemicals
Bisphenol A (BPA)		0.2 µg/L	0.2 µg/L	0.23 µg/L	0.23 µg/L	0.32 µg/L	0.31 µg/L
Parabens	Methyl paraben	—	—	1.3 µg/L	1.3 µg/L	1.3 µg/L	1.3 µg/L
	Ethyl paraben	—	—	0.90 µg/L	0.90 µg/L	0.90 µg/L	0.90 µg/L
	Propyl paraben	—	—	0.30 µg/L	0.30 µg/L	0.30 µg/L	0.30 µg/L
	Butyl paraben	—	—	0.30 µg/L	0.30 µg/L	0.30 µg/L	0.30 µg/L
Nicotine in urine
Cotinine		1 µg/L	1 µg/L	1.1 µg/L	1.1 µg/L	1.1 µg/L	1.1 µg/L
Nicotine in serum
Cotinine (non-smokers)		—	—	—	—	—	0.0050 µg/L
Cotinine (smokers)		—	—	—	—	—	0.10 µg/L
Acrylamide
Acrylamide haemoglobin adduct		—	—	11 pmol/g Hb	11 pmol/g Hb	11 pmol/g Hb	11 pmol/g Hb
Glycidamide haemoglobin adduct		—	—	23 pmol/g Hb	23 pmol/g Hb	23 pmol/g Hb	23 pmol/g Hb
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)		—	0.5 μg/L	—	—	0.075 µg/L	0.075 µg/L
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS)		—	0.4 μg/L	—	—	0.066 µg/L	0.066 µg/L
Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)		—	0.1 μg/L	—	—	0.084 µg/L	0.084 µg/L
Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS)		0.3 μg/L	0.2 μg/L	—	—	0.063 µg/L	0.063 µg/L
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)		0.3 μg/L	0.1 μg/L	—	—	0.066 µg/L	0.066 µg/L
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)		0.3 μg/L	0.3 μg/L	—	—	0.43 µg/L	0.43 µg/L
Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)		—	0.2 μg/L	—	—	0.13 µg/L	0.13 µg/L
Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)		—	0.1 μg/L	—	—	0.092 µg/L	0.092 µg/L
Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA)		—	0.09 μg/L	—	—	0.12 µg/L	0.12 µg/L
Pesticides
Ethylene thiourea (ETU)		—	—	—	—	0.033 µg/L	0.033 µg/L
Organophosphate pesticides	Dimethylphosphate (DMP)	1 μg/L^{Table A-1 footnote b}	1 μg/L	—	—	0.58 µg/L	0.58 µg/L
	Dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP)	0.6 μg/L	0.6 μg/L	—	—	0.44 µg/L	0.44 µg/L
	Dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP)	0.3 μg/L^{Table A-1 footnote b}	0.3 μg/L	—	—	0.093 µg/L	0.093 µg/L
	Diethylphosphate (DEP)	1 μg/L^{Table A-1 footnote b}	1 μg/L	—	—	0.29 µg/L	0.29 µg/L
	Diethylthiophosphate (DETP)	0.6 μg/L^{Table A-1 footnote b}	0.3 μg/L	—	—	0.13 µg/L	0.13 µg/L
	Diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP)	0.3 μg/L^{Table A-1 footnote b}	0.3 μg/L	—	—	0.067 µg/L	0.067 µg/L
ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP)	OPP-glucuronide	—	—	—	—	0.15 µg/L	0.15 µg/L
ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP)	OPP-sulfate	—	—	—	—	0.092 µg/L	0.092 µg/L
Pyrethroids	3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA)	0.01 μg/L	0.01 μg/L	—	—	0.012 µg/L	0.012 µg/L
	4-Fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-F-3-PBA)	0.008 μg/L	0.008 μg/L	—	—	0.0060 µg/L	0.0060 µg/L
	cis-3-(2,2-Dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DBCA)	0.006 μg/L	0.006 μg/L	—	—	0.0059 µg/L	0.0059 µg/L
	cis-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA)	0.007 μg/L	0.007 μg/L	—	—	0.0045 µg/L	0.0042 µg/L
	trans-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA)	0.01 μg/L	0.01 μg/L	—	—	0.0094 µg/L	0.0094 µg/L
Plasticizers
Monomethyl phthalate (MMP)		5 μg/L	5 μg/L	—	—	0.21 µg/L	0.21 µg/L
Monoethyl phthalate (MEP)		0.5 μg/L	0.3 μg/L	—	—	0.98 µg/L	0.76 µg/L
Mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP)		0.2 μg/L	0.06 μg/L	—	—	0.14 µg/L	0.14 µg/L
Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP)		0.2 μg/L	0.2 μg/L	—	—	0.60 µg/L	0.60 µg/L
Monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP)		—	0.1 μg/L	—	—	0.57 µg/L	0.57 µg/L
Mono-3-hydroxy-n-butyl phthalate (3OH-MBP)		—	—	—	—	0.079 µg/L	0.068 µg/L
Monocyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP)		0.2 μg/L	0.09 μg/L	—	—	0.25 µg/L	0.25 µg/L
Monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP)		0.2 μg/L	0.05 μg/L	—	—	0.37 µg/L	0.14 µg/L
Mono[2-(carboxymethyl)hexyl] phthalate (MCMHP)		—	—	—	—	0.27 µg/L	0.27 µg/L
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP)		0.2 μg/L	0.08 μg/L	—	—	0.11 µg/L	0.077 µg/L
Mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP)		—	—	—	—	0.28 µg/L	0.28 µg/L
Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP)		0.2 μg/L	0.1 μg/L	—	—	0.17 µg/L	0.17 µg/L
Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP)		0.4 μg/L	0.4 μg/L	—	—	0.22 µg/L	0.22 µg/L
Mono-carboxy-n-heptyl phthalate (MCHpP)		—	—	—	—	0.083 µg/L	0.083 µg/L
Mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP)		0.7 μg/L	0.3 μg/L	—	—	0.16 µg/L	0.16 µg/L
Mono(carboxyisooctyl) phthalate (MCiOP)		—	—	—	—	0.30 µg/L	0.13 µg/L
Monoisononyl phthalate (MiNP)		0.4 μg/L	0.3 μg/L	—	—	0.37 µg/L	0.15 µg/L
Monocarboxyisononyl phthalate (MCiNP)		—	—	—	—	0.077 µg/L	0.075 µg/L
Monooxoisononyl phthalate (MOiNP)		—	—	—	—	0.15 µg/L	0.15 µg/L
Monohydroxyisononyl phthalate (MHiNP)		—	—	—	—	0.065 µg/L	0.065 µg/L
Monoisodecyl phthalate (MiDP)		—	—	—	—	0.16 µg/L	0.16 µg/L
Monooxoisodecyl phthalate (MOiDP)		—	—	—	—	0.097 µg/L	0.097 µg/L
Monohydroxyisodecyl phthalate (MHiDP)		—	—	—	—	0.067 µg/L	0.065 µg/L
Di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH)	trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic mono isononyl ester (trans-MINCH)	—	—	—	—	0.017 µg/L	0.017 µg/L
	Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic mono oxoisononyl ester (oxo-MINCH)	—	—	—	—	0.047 µg/L	0.047 µg/L
	Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic mono hydroxyisononyl ester (OH-MINCH)	—	—	—	—	0.078 µg/L	0.071 µg/L
	cis-Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic mono carboxyisononyl ester (cis-cx-MINCH)	—	—	—	—	0.059 µg/L	0.059 µg/L
	trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diarboxylic mono carboxyisononyl ester (trans-cx-MINCH)	—	—	—	—	0.33 µg/L	0.33 µg/L
	Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (CHDA)	—	—	—	—	0.30 µg/L	0.30 µg/L
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB)	2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol (TMPD)	—	—	—	—	1.7 µg/L	1.7 µg/L
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB)	2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-hydroxy valeric acid (HTMV)	—	—	—	—	0.42 µg/L	0.42 µg/L
Tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TEHT)	1-Mono(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate (1-MEHTM)	—	—	—	—	0.22 µg/L	0.22 µg/L
	2-Mono(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate (2-MEHTM)	—	—	—	—	0.16 µg/L	0.16 µg/L
	4-Mono(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate (4-MEHTM)	—	—	—	—	0.098 µg/L	0.098 µg/L
Adjustment factor
Creatinine		3 mg/dL	4 mg/dL	5.0 mg/dL	5.0 mg/dL	5.0 mg/dL	2.6 mg/dL
Table A-1 footnote a Chromium (VI) was measured indirectly as total chromium in red blood cells. Return to Table A-1 footnote a referrer Table A-1 footnote b The LOD has been corrected from previous reports. Return to Table A-1 footnote b referrer

References

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (2015). Definition and procedure for the determination of the method detection limit – Revision 1.11, Federal Regulation 40 CFR 136 Appendix B. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

Appendix B: Conversion factors

Units of measurement are important. Results are reported here using standard units; however, units can be converted using the conversion factors presented below for comparison of data with other data sets.

Table B-1: Definitions of units
Unit	Abbreviation	Value
litre	L	no data
decilitre	dL	10^-1 L
millilitre	mL	10^-3 L
microlitre	µL	10^-6 L
gram	g	no data
milligram	mg	10^-3 g
microgram	µg	10^-6 g
nanogram	ng	10^-9 g
picogram	pg	10^-12 g

For concentrations of environmental chemicals in blood and urine, data can be converted from μg/L to μmol/L using the molecular weight (MW) of the chemical and the formula:

Y µmol/L = X µg/L × conversion factor (CF), where the CF is equivalent to 1/MW.

Table B-2: Conversion factors for concentrations of environmental chemicals in blood and urine
Chemical		MW (g/mol)	CF (µg/L → µmol/L)
Metals and trace elements
Lead		207.20	0.04826^{Table B-2 footnote a}
Boron		10.81	0.09251
Cadmium		112.41	0.00890
Chromium (VI)		52.00	0.01923
Selenium		78.97	0.01266
Arsenic (speciated)	Arsenate	—	0.01335^{Table B-2 footnote b}
	Arsenite	—	0.01335^{Table B-2 footnote b}
	Arsenocholine and arsenobetaine	—	0.01335^{Table B-2 footnote b}
	Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)	—	0.01335^{Table B-2 footnote b}
	Monomethylarsonic acid (MMA)	—	0.01335^{Table B-2 footnote b}
Mercury	Mercury (total)	200.59	0.00499
	Methylmercury	215.63	0.00464
	Mercury (inorganic)	200.59	0.00499
Self-care and consumer product chemicals
Bisphenol A (BPA)		228.29	0.00438
Parabens	Methyl paraben	152.15	0.00657
	Ethyl paraben	166.18	0.00602
	Propyl paraben	180.20	0.00555
	Butyl paraben	194.23	0.00515
Nicotine
Cotinine		176.22	0.00567
Acrylamide
Acrylamide haemoglobin adduct		—	—^{Table B-2 footnote c}
Glycidamide haemoglobin adduct		—	—^{Table B-2 footnote c}
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)		214.04	0.00467
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS)		300.10	0.00333
Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)		314.05	0.00318
Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS)		400.11	0.00250
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)		414.07	0.00242
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)		500.13	0.00200
Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)		464.08	0.00215
Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)		514.08	0.00195
Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA)		564.09	0.00177
Pesticides
Ethylene thiourea (ETU)		102.16	0.00979
Organophosphate pesticides	Dimethylphosphate (DMP)	126.05	0.00793
	Dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP)	141.10	0.00709
	Dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP)	158.17	0.00632
	Diethylphosphate (DEP)	154.10	0.00649
	Diethylthiophosphate (DETP)	170.16	0.00588
	Diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP)	186.22	0.00537
ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP)	OPP-glucuronide	346.34	0.00289
ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP)	OPP-sulfate	249.27	0.00401
Pyrethroids	3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA)	214.22	0.00467
	4-Fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-F-3-PBA)	232.21	0.00431
	cis-3-(2,2-Dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DBCA)	297.97	0.00336
	cis-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA)	209.07	0.00478
	trans-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA)	209.07	0.00478
Plasticizers
Monomethyl phthalate (MMP)		180.16	0.00555
Monoethyl phthalate (MEP)		194.18	0.00515
Mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP)		252.22	0.00396
Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP)		222.24	0.00450
Monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP)		222.24	0.00450
Mono-3-hydroxy-n-butyl phthalate (3OH-MBP)		238.24	0.00420
Monocyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP)		248.27	0.00403
Monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP)		256.25	0.00390
Mono[2-(carboxymethyl)hexyl] phthalate (MCMHP)		308.33	0.00324
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP)		278.34	0.00359
Mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP)		308.33	0.00324
Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP)		292.33	0.00342
Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP)		294.34	0.00340
Mono-carboxy-n-heptyl phthalate (MCHpP)		308.13	0.00325
Mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP)		278.34	0.00359
Mono(carboxyisooctyl) phthalate (MCiOP)		322.35	0.00310
Monoisononyl phthalate (MiNP)		292.37	0.00342
Monocarboxyisononyl phthalate (MCiNP)		336.38	0.00297
Monooxoisononyl phthalate (MOiNP)		306.35	0.00326
Monohydroxyisononyl phthalate (MHiNP)		308.37	0.00324
Monoisodecyl phthalate (MiDP)		306.18	0.00327
Monooxoisodecyl phthalate (MOiDP)		320.38	0.00312
Monohydroxyisodecyl phthalate (MHiDP)		322.40	0.00310
Di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH)	trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic mono isononyl ester (trans-MINCH)	298.42	0.00335
	Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic mono oxoisononyl ester (oxo-MINCH)	312.40	0.00320
	Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic mono hydroxyisononyl ester (OH-MINCH)	314.42	0.00318
	cis-Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic mono carboxyisononyl ester (cis-cx-MINCH)	326.40	0.00306
	trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diarboxylic mono carboxyisononyl ester (trans-cx-MINCH)	326.40	0.00306
	Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (CHDA)	172.18	0.00581
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB)	2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol (TMPD)	146.23	0.00684
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB)	2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-hydroxy valeric acid (HTMV)	160.21	0.00624
Tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TEHT)	1-Mono(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate (1-MEHTM)	322.36	0.00310
	2-Mono(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate (2-MEHTM)	322.36	0.00310
	4-Mono(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate (4-MEHTM)	322.36	0.00310
Adjustment factor
Creatinine		113.12	88.4^{Table B-2 footnote d}
Table B-2 footnote a For converting lead concentration from µg/dL to µmol/L. Return to Table B-2 footnote a referrer Table B-2 footnote b For converting arsenic species concentration from µg As/L to µmol As/L. Return to first Table B-2 footnote b referrer Table B-2 footnote c Not applicable. Return to first Table B-2 footnote c referrer Table B-2 footnote d For converting creatinine concentration from mg/dL to µmol/L. Return to Table B-2 footnote d referrer

Appendix C: Creatinine

Table C-1: Creatinine — Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (mg/dL) for the Canadian population aged 6–79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 (2007–2009)
Cycle	n	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	90^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Total, 6–79 years
1 (2007–2009)	5515	83 (78–89)	27 (23–30)	93 (86–99)	210 (200–220)	250 (240–260)
Males, 6–79 years
1 (2007–2009)	2663	100 (97–110)	36 (28–43)	110 (100–110)	230 (220–240)	270 (250–280)
Females, 6–79 years
1 (2007–2009)	2852	68 (62–74)	22 (18–25)	75 (66–84)	180 (160–190)	210 (200–230)
6–11 years
1 (2007–2009)	1042	66 (60–72)	24 (18–29)	74 (67–81)	140 (130–150)	170 (160–180)
12–19 years
1 (2007–2009)	992	120 (110–130)	39 (30–47)	130 (120–140)	250 (230–280)	300 (260–330)
20–39 years
1 (2007–2009)	1172	90 (81–100)	29 (22–36)	99 (91–110)	230 (210–240)	280 (250–300)
40–59 years
1 (2007–2009)	1221	78 (73–84)	24 (19–28)	86 (76–96)	210 (190–230)	240 (230–250)
60–79 years
1 (2007–2009)	1088	72 (68–75)	26 (22–31)	81 (77–85)	150 (140–160)	190 (170–220)
CI: confidence interval; GM: geometric mean Note: The limit of detection for cycle 1 is 3 mg/dL.

Table C-2: Creatinine — Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (mg/dL) for the Canadian population aged 3–79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 2 (2009–2011)
Cycle	n	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	90^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Total, 3–79 years
2 (2009–2011)	6299	100 (100–110)	35 (33–38)	110 (110–120)	240 (230–260)	280 (270–300)
Males, 3–79 years
2 (2009–2011)	3031	120 (120–130)	47 (42–53)	130 (120–150)	260 (240–280)	310 (280–340)
Females, 3–79 years
2 (2009–2011)	3268	89 (85–94)	30 (27–32)	100 (96–100)	200 (180–230)	250 (240–270)
3–5 years
2 (2009–2011)	572	59 (55–63)	26 (24–29)	61 (55–67)	110 (110–120)	140 (110–160)
6–11 years
2 (2009–2011)	1059	88 (83–94)	37 (33–42)	98 (94–100)	170 (160–170)	190 (170–210)
12–19 years
2 (2009–2011)	1042	130 (120–150)	52 (36–68)	150 (140–160)	270 (260–280)	300 (270–340)
20–39 years
2 (2009–2011)	1322	120 (110–130)	37 (25–48)	140 (130–160)	260 (250–280)	330 (270–380)
40–59 years
2 (2009–2011)	1223	100 (96–110)	33 (27–40)	110 (100–120)	240 (220–260)	280 (260–310)
60–79 years
2 (2009–2011)	1081	85 (80–89)	32 (26–37)	96 (90–100)	180 (170–200)	230 (210–260)
CI: confidence interval; GM: geometric mean Note: The limit of detection for cycle 2 is 4 mg/dL.

Table C-3: Creatinine — Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (mg/dL) for the Canadian population aged 3–79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 3 (2012–2013)
Cycle	n	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	90^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Total, 3–79 years
3 (2012–2013)	5704	97 (93–100)	33 (29–37)	100 (100–110)	240 (220–250)	280 (250–300)
Males, 3–79 years
3 (2012–2013)	2847	110 (110–120)	40 (35–46)	120 (110–130)	260 (230–280)	300 (260–340)
Females, 3–79 years
3 (2012–2013)	2857	83 (76–90)	26 (21–30)	93 (81–110)	210 (190–240)	250 (220–270)
3–5 years
3 (2012–2013)	521	51 (45–58)	19 (14–24)	58 (51–65)	110 (99–110)	120 (110–120)
6–11 years
3 (2012–2013)	1013	84 (77–92)	35 (28–42)	93 (82–100)	160 (150–180)	200 (170–230)
12–19 years
3 (2012–2013)	998	130 (120–150)	52 (37–66)	150 (140–160)	280 (260–300)	320 (290–360)
20–39 years
3 (2012–2013)	1048	110 (98–120)	36 (26–45)	110 (97–130)	270 (220–320)	330 (290–380)
40–59 years
3 (2012–2013)	1080	95 (86–110)	34 (24–44)	110 (98–110)	220 (200–250)	250 (230–280)
60–79 years
3 (2012–2013)	1044	84 (76–91)	26 (19–32)	96 (89–100)	190 (170–210)	230 (210–240)
CI: confidence interval; GM: geometric mean Note: The limit of detection for cycle 3 is 5.0 mg/dL.

Table C-4: Creatinine — Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (mg/dL) for the Canadian population aged 3–79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 4 (2014–2015)
Cycle	n	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	90^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Total, 3–79 years
4 (2014–2015)	5603	110 (110–120)	40 (35–46)	110 (110–120)	250 (240–260)	290 (270–310)
Males, 3–79 years
4 (2014–2015)	2815	130 (120–140)	50 (40–60)	140 (120–150)	270 (250–290)	320 (310–330)
Females, 3–79 years
4 (2014–2015)	2788	98 (94–100)	35 (30–39)	100 (98–100)	230 (210–240)	260 (250–270)
3–5 years
4 (2014–2015)	513	58 (51–65)	22 (15–29)	66 (58–73)	110 (99–120)	130 (120–150)
6–11 years
4 (2014–2015)	1008	90 (84–98)	35 (24–45)	99 (94–100)	170 (150–190)	210 (170–250)
12–19 years
4 (2014–2015)	991	140 (130–150)	54 (46–61)	150 (140–170)	280 (270–300)	350 (320–370)
20–39 years
4 (2014–2015)	1059	130 (120–140)	41 (36–47)	140 (130–160)	290 (260–320)	350 (320–390)
40–59 years
4 (2014–2015)	1037	110 (100–120)	41 (29–54)	110 (110–120)	240 (220–260)	270 (260–280)
60–79 years
4 (2014–2015)	995	100 (97–110)	37 (32–42)	100 (100–110)	200 (180–220)	240 (210–270)
CI: confidence interval; GM: geometric mean Note: The limit of detection for cycle 4 is 5.0 mg/dL.

Table C-5: Creatinine — Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (mg/dL) for the Canadian population aged 3–79 years by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 5 (2016–2017)
Cycle	n	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	90^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Total, 3–79 years
5 (2016–2017)	5618	98 (92–100)	32 (29–36)	100 (97–110)	230 (220–240)	260 (240–280)
Males, 3–79 years
5 (2016–2017)	2803	110 (110–120)	43 (35–50)	120 (110–130)	240 (230–250)	280 (250–320)
Females, 3–79 years
5 (2016–2017)	2815	84 (79–90)	28 (24–32)	92 (84–99)	210 (190–230)	240 (230–260)
3–5 years
5 (2016–2017)	546	59 (52–66)	26 (22–30)	68 (60–76)	110 (98–120)	130 (110–140)
6–11 years
5 (2016–2017)	1006	86 (81–92)	37 (32–43)	92 (85–99)	160 (150–170)	190 (160–220)
12–19 years
5 (2016–2017)	1005	140 (120–150)	58 (47–69)	150 (130–170)	290 (250–320)	340 (300–380)
20–39 years
5 (2016–2017)	1057	110 (93–120)	33 (22–44)	120 (100–140)	250 (230–270)	290 (250–330)
40–59 years
5 (2016–2017)	1007	94 (85–100)	29 (20–37)	98 (90–110)	230 (210–250)	250 (230–270)
60–79 years
5 (2016–2017)	997	88 (83–93)	32 (27–36)	97 (93–100)	190 (180–210)	220 (210–240)
CI: confidence interval; GM: geometric mean Note: The limit of detection for cycle 5 is 5.0 mg/dL.

Table C-6: Creatinine — Geometric means and selected percentiles of urine concentrations (mg/dL) for the Canadian population aged 3–79 by age group, Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 6 (2018–2019)
Cycle	n	GM (95% CI)	10^th (95% CI)	50^th (95% CI)	90^th (95% CI)	95^th (95% CI)
Total, 3–79 years
6 (2018–2019)	5645	91 (85–96)	28 (25–31)	100 (94–110)	220 (200–240)	260 (250–270)
Males, 3–79 years
6 (2018–2019)	2836	110 (100–120)	41 (34–47)	110 (100–120)	250 (230–270)	280 (260–300)
Females, 3–79 years
6 (2018–2019)	2809	75 (69–81)	23 (20–26)	84 (75–93)	180 (170–200)	240 (210–270)
3–5 years
6 (2018–2019)	523	59 (55–63)	26 (18–34)	70 (65–75)	110 (99–110)	110 (110–120)
6–11 years
6 (2018–2019)	986	79 (71–88)	29 (20–39)	93 (82–100)	150 (140–160)	170 (150–190)
12–19 years
6 (2018–2019)	977	130 (110–140)	43 (32–55)	150 (140–160)	270 (250–290)	320 (280–350)
20–39 years
6 (2018–2019)	1068	95 (82–110)	26 (18–34)	100 (91–120)	250 (230–260)	280 (250–310)
40–59 years
6 (2018–2019)	1097	87 (78–96)	27 (20–34)	99 (90–110)	210 (170–240)	260 (230–300)
60–79 years
6 (2018–2019)	994	87 (79–97)	35 (29–40)	96 (85–110)	180 (160–200)	230 (200–270)
CI: confidence interval; GM: geometric mean Note: The limit of detection for cycle 6 is 2.6 mg/dL.

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Date modified:: 2021-12-14

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