Appendix 4: Benzene in Beverages -- Deterministic Exposure Assessment
Note:
All non-alcoholic beverages (including soft drinks and juices) were lumped together and the intake figure for soft drinks (which is higher than that for juices) was employed in the calculations.
Note:
Use of grenadine and syrups in small quantities as a flavouring on desserts was not included in the exposure assessment.
60 kg, adult body weight
26.4 kg, 5-11 yr old body weight
53.8 kg, 12-19 yr old body weight
| ADULT | 5-11 yr old | 12-19 yr old | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beverage | Mean benzeneconc'n, nd=0.5 DL (1)(ng/g = ppb) (2) | Mean Intake Eaters only(g/day) (3) | PDI (5)(ng/kg bw/day) | Mean Intake Eaters only(g/day) (3) | PDI (5)(ng/kg bw/day) | Mean Intake Eaters only(g/day) (3) (6) | PDI (5)(ng/kg bw/day) |
| Non-alcoholic beverages, excluding the reformulated Kool-Aid products (4) | 0.7 | 500 | 5.8 | 303 | 8.0 | 442 | 5.8 |
| Alcoholic beverages (mainly coolers and cocktail mixes) | 1.5 | 345 | 8.6 | n/a | n/a | 209 | 5.8 |
| Kool-Aid Jammers "10" - old formulation (no longer entering retail) (7) | 15.4 | 500 | 128.3 | 303 | 176.8 | 442 | 126.5 |
| Scenario for beverage "A" containing 5 ng/g benzene | 5 | 500 | 41.7 | 303 | 57.4 | 442 | 41.1 |
| Scenario for beverage "B" containing 10 ng/g benzene | 10 | 500 | 83.3 | 303 | 114.8 | 442 | 82.2 |
- The non-detects (nd) were set to half the detection limit (DL), which is possibly an overestimation, considering that there were positive detections in 30% of the samples.
- Benzene concentrations were measured in ng/mL and were converted to ng/g using the density values provided by FRD.
- The intake figures for "soft drinks" and "alcoholic beverages" are based on a 24-hour dietary recall survey. The frequency of consumption has been assumed to be daily for the exposure calculations, with one exception (see note 6).
- The tropical punch and cherry Kool-Aid Jammers "10" have since been reformulated and are were verified by FRD to no longer contain detectable levels of benzene.
- PDI = Probable Daily Intake
- The Nutrition Canada "alcoholic beverage" eaters only intake figure of 733 g for 12-19 yr olds has been multiplied by a factor of 2/7 in order to assume a frequency of consumption of 2 times per week.
- This calculation demonstrates the PDI value for a scenario where elevated benzene levels are present in a product and there is preference by the consumer for that particular product.
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