Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Selenium

Table of Contents

• Part I. Overview and Application
  • 1.0 Guideline
  • 2.0 Executive summary
    • 2.1 Health effects
    • 2.2 Exposure
    • 2.3 Analysis and treatment
  • 3.0 Application of the guideline
    • 3.1 Monitoring
• Part II. Science and Technical Considerations
  • 4.0 Identity, use and sources in the environment
  • 5.0 Exposure
    • 5.1 Drinking water
      • 5.1.1 Leaching from non-leaded brass components
    • 5.2 Food
    • 5.3 Air
    • 5.4 Consumer products
    • 5.5 Soil
    • 5.6 Blood levels in the Canadian population
    • 5.7 Total daily intake
  • 6.0 Analytical methods
  • 7.0 Treatment technology and distribution system considerations
    • 7.1 Municipal scale
      • 7.1.1 Conventional coagulation/filtration and lime softening processes
      • 7.1.2 Ion exchange
      • 7.1.3 Membrane processes: reverse osmosis
      • 7.1.4 Adsorption
      • 7.1.5 Electrodialysis/electrodialysis reversal
      • 7.1.6 Manganese greensand filtration
      • 7.1.7 Emerging treatment technologies
      • 7.1.8 Distribution system materials: non-leaded brass alloys
      • 7.1.9 Selenium in the distribution system
    • 7.2 Residential scale
  • 8.0 Kinetics and metabolism
    • 8.1 Absorption
    • 8.2 Distribution
    • 8.3 Metabolism
    • 8.4 Excretion
  • 9.0 Health effects
    • 9.1 Effects in humans
      • 9.1.1 Essentiality
      • 9.1.2 Deficiency
      • 9.1.3 Acute toxicity
      • 9.1.4 Case studies: intoxication with supplements
      • 9.1.5 Chronic exposure
      • 9.1.6 Developmental and reproductive toxicity
    • 9.2 Effects on experimental animals
      • 9.2.1 Acute toxicity
      • 9.2.2 Short-term exposure
      • 9.2.3 Long-term exposure and carcinogenicity
      • 9.2.4 Genotoxicity
      • 9.2.5 Reproductive and developmental toxicity
    • 9.3 Mode of action
      • 9.3.1 Toxic effects
      • 9.3.2 Beneficial effects
      • 9.3.3 Comparison between the effects of organic and inorganic selenium species
  • 10.0 Classification and assessment
    • 10.1 International considerations
  • 11.0 Rationale
  • 12.0 References
• Appendix A: List of acronyms