Recent Immigrants in Metropolitan Areas: Vancouver—A Comparative Profile Based on the 2001 Census
Part E: Income
Sources and level of income
Sources of income vary by time in Canada
Income from employment is the most common source of income for the Canadian-born. Seven in ten Canadian-born women and eight in ten Canadian-born men had earnings from employment in the year 2000. A larger share of the Canadian-born than of immigrants had income from employment. In 2000, the share of men and women with employment income for the very recent immigrant cohort was higher than in 1995 by an average of 6%.
No income | Employment income | Other private income | Government transfers | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | |||||
Canadian-born | 23,520 | 320,310 | 153,940 | 278,360 | 456,710 |
Immigrants | 23,350 | 200,320 | 116,370 | 235,530 | 345,760 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 5,030 | 95,320 | 67,900 | 115,150 | 166,460 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 10,640 | 73,500 | 33,520 | 83,730 | 122,360 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 7,690 | 31,510 | 14,950 | 36,650 | 56,950 |
Men | |||||
Canadian-born | 19,230 | 350,360 | 125,960 | 226,780 | 447,760 |
Immigrants | 12,450 | 213,700 | 101,420 | 195,690 | 313,040 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 650 | 106,650 | 60,730 | 94,820 | 155,340 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 7,240 | 74,110 | 27,330 | 69,260 | 108,510 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 4,560 | 32,950 | 13,360 | 31,620 | 49,190 |
Total | |||||
Canadian-born | 42,740 | 670,670 | 279,900 | 505,130 | 904,460 |
Immigrants | 35,790 | 414,030 | 217,790 | 431,230 | 658,810 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 5,670 | 201,970 | 128,630 | 209,980 | 321,800 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 17,880 | 147,610 | 60,850 | 152,990 | 230,870 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 12,250 | 64,460 | 28,310 | 68,260 | 106,140 |
Women | |||||
Canadian-born | 5% | 70% | 34% | 61% | 100% |
Immigrants | 7% | 58% | 34% | 68% | 100% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 3% | 57% | 41% | 69% | 100% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 9% | 60% | 27% | 68% | 100% |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 13% | 55% | 26% | 64% | 100% |
Men | |||||
Canadian-born | 4% | 78% | 28% | 51% | 100% |
Immigrants | 4% | 68% | 32% | 63% | 100% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 0% | 69% | 39% | 61% | 100% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 7% | 68% | 25% | 64% | 100% |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 9% | 67% | 27% | 64% | 100% |
Total | |||||
Canadian-born | 5% | 74% | 31% | 56% | 100% |
Immigrants | 5% | 63% | 33% | 65% | 100% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 2% | 63% | 40% | 65% | 100% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 8% | 64% | 26% | 66% | 100% |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 12% | 61% | 27% | 64% | 100% |
Note: Incomes are for the year 2000. In all tables in Part E, immigrants and very recent immigrants include only those who landed before the year 2000 and could have had income the entire year. A person may have income from one, two or all three sources. The three sources are defined in the Glossary.
Very recent immigrants are twice as likely as the Canadian-born to have no income. More recent cohorts are more likely to have no income than earlier cohorts, and immigrants who landed before 1986 are less likely than the Canadian-born to have no income. Absence of income among women was less common in 2000 than in 1995. The incidence of zero income dropped by six percentage points for the very recent immigrant cohort, and by about three percentage points for other women groups. Among men there was little change in the share with zero income since 1995.
Recent immigrants are much less likely to have other private income—for example, income from investments or pension plans—in comparison to the Canadian-born and earlier immigrants. However, these shares decreased since 1995 for very recent immigrants by about 3%. The share of earlier immigrants with other private income is significantly higher than that of the Canadian-born.
The incidence of income from government transfer payments is higher among immigrants than among the Canadian-born. The high proportion of earlier immigrants receiving transfer payments from government reflects the high share of seniors in this group, who generally receive Old Age Security and Canada or Quebec Pension Plan benefits. The incidence of transfer payment income has shifted markedly from men to women since 1995, as in 2000 child benefit payments were made to the mother of the child.
Average income increases with length of stay
The average income of immigrants in the year 2000 was about four-fifth of that of the Canadian-born, considering only persons who reported income. Those who immigrated before 1986 had almost the same average income as the Canadian-born. For very recent immigrants, average income was a little more than one-half of that of the Canadian-born, and for those who immigrated during the 1986-1995 period it was close to two-thirds of that of the Canadian-born.
Sources of average income | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average income of persons with income |
Employment income | Other private income | Government transfers | Total | |
Women | |||||
Canadian-born | $27,650 | 76% | 13% | 11% | 100% |
Immigrants | $21,990 | 70% | 14% | 16% | 100% |
Immigrated before 1986 | $26,560 | 67% | 16% | 17% | 100% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | $18,670 | 74% | 11% | 15% | 100% |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | $14,530 | 73% | 11% | 16% | 100% |
Men | |||||
Canadian-born | $42,090 | 84% | 10% | 6% | 100% |
Immigrants | $33,490 | 79% | 12% | 9% | 100% |
Immigrated before 1986 | $41,380 | 76% | 14% | 10% | 100% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | $25,980 | 83% | 9% | 8% | 100% |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | $23,200 | 83% | 9% | 8% | 100% |
Total | |||||
Canadian-born | $34,840 | 81% | 11% | 8% | 100% |
Immigrants | $27,540 | 75% | 13% | 12% | 100% |
Immigrated before 1986 | $33,820 | 72% | 15% | 13% | 100% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | $22,140 | 79% | 10% | 11% | 100% |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | $18,650 | 79% | 10% | 11% | 100% |
Note: Incomes are for the year 2000. In all tables in Part E, immigrants and very recent immigrants include only those who landed before the year 2000 and could have had income the entire year.
Compared to 1995, the average income of very recent immigrant men increased more than that of other cohorts—by almost one-third. The average income of those who had been in the country between five and fifteen years increased by 10%.
The average income of Canadian-born women and the average income of immigrant women are both about two-thirds that of their respective male counterparts.
Earnings from employment account for the bulk of income of all groups and make up a slightly higher proportion of income of the Canadian-born than of immigrant income. The share of income derived from employment has increased markedly since 1995 for very recent immigrants, by 5% for women and 10% for men, while other cohorts did not report a significant change.
The share of other private income is slightly lower for recent immigrants than for the Canadian-born, while transfer payments from government make up a larger share of their income. The share of transfer payments is higher because the income of recent immigrants is relatively low, as the average amounts paid to Canadian-born and immigrant households are similar. Compared to 1995, the share of other private income decreased for very recent immigrants by seven percentage points, while other cohorts experienced only a small change.
Earnings of recent immigrants who worked mostly full-time lower
The wages and salaries earned by recent immigrants who worked mostly full-time in 2000 are below the Vancouver average. As was shown in the previous section, recent immigrants generally have jobs that require lower skills than the jobs of the Canadian-born and would therefore generally receive lower rates of pay. Recent immigrants also generally have less work experience in Canada than earlier immigrants and the Canadian-born.
Amount | Percentage of overall average | |
---|---|---|
Canadian-born | $43,760 | 107% |
Immigrants | $36,790 | 90% |
Immigrated before 1986 | $43,660 | 106% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | $30,810 | 75% |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | $26,690 | 65% |
All who worked mostly full-time | $41,090 | 100% |
Note: Incomes are for the year 2000. In all tables in Part E, immigrants and very recent immigrants include only those who landed before the year 2000 and could have had income the entire year.
The level of wages and salaries of very recent immigrants relative to the overall Vancouver average (65% of the average) was higher in 2000 than in 1995 by eight percentage points. Those who had been in the country from 5 to 15 years, however, had the same relative earnings level as their counterparts of five years earlier.
Transfers a larger share of household income of non-seniors
In the year 2000, a large majority of households received government transfer payments. Recent immigrant households were more likely to receive transfer payments than other households. On average, the payments received were somewhat higher in dollar terms than for other households but even higher relative to income.
Transfer payments vary considerably with the age of the oldest person in the household and so do differences between recent immigrant, earlier immigrant and Canadian-born households. Recent immigrant households of the very young receive lower amounts than their Canadian-born and earlier immigrant counterparts. As for households of persons aged 25 to 44 and 45 to 64, recent immigrant households were both more likely to receive transfer payments and to receive larger amounts than earlier immigrants and the Canadian-born.
15 to 24 years | 25 to 44 years | 45 to 65 years | 65 years and over | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Share of households receiving government transfer payments | |||||
Canadian-born households | 87% | 72% | 69% | 100% | 77% |
Earlier immigrant households | 92% | 73% | 76% | 100% | 83% |
Recent immigrant households | 82% | 86% | 91% | 99% | 89% |
1986-1995 immigrants | 84% | 84% | 90% | 99% | 89% |
1996-1999 immigrants with others | 89% | 83% | 92% | 100% | 89% |
1996-1999 immigrants only | 75% | 90% | 95% | 100% | 92% |
Average amount of transfer per receiving household | |||||
Canadian-born households | $2,310 | $2,680 | $3,080 | $16,030 | $5,370 |
Earlier immigrant households | $2,740 | $3,450 | $3,750 | $16,720 | $7,870 |
Recent immigrant households | $1,830 | $4,410 | $4,350 | $14,800 | $5,650 |
1986-1995 immigrants | $2,010 | $4,460 | $3,940 | $14,790 | $5,740 |
1996-1999 immigrants with others | $2,520 | $4,860 | $6,210 | $16,830 | $7,090 |
1996-1999 immigrants only | $760 | $4,020 | $4,500 | $9,930 | $4,380 |
Transfers as a share of income, all households | |||||
Canadian-born households | 8% | 3% | 3% | 35% | 7% |
Earlier immigrant households | 9% | 4% | 3% | 33% | 9% |
Recent immigrant households | 8% | 7% | 7% | 26% | 9% |
1986-1995 immigrants | 9% | 7% | 6% | 27% | 9% |
1996-1999 immigrants with others | 8% | 7% | 8% | 22% | 9% |
1996-1999 immigrants only | 7% | 9% | 11% | 30% | 10% |
Note: Incomes are for the year 2000. In all tables in Part E, immigrants and very recent immigrants include only those who landed before the year 2000 and could have had income the entire year.
Transfer payments to households without seniors generally reflect benefits of Employment Insurance, Workers Compensation, social assistance, student assistance, or other programs. Included in these transfer payments are tax credits such as the Canada Child Benefit and GST tax credits and provincial tax credits. The somewhat higher incidence and higher amounts of transfer payments for recent immigrant households of persons 25 to 64 years old in relation to earlier immigrants and the Canadian-born may have to do with the larger average number of children in families and with differences in labour market participation and unemployment reviewed in Part D. That transfer payments from government make up a larger part of income than for their Canadian-born and earlier immigrant counterparts also reflects their lower incomes.
Almost all households with persons 65 years of age and over received transfer payments from government: Old Age Security, the Guaranteed Income Supplement, or Canada or Quebec Pension Plan benefits. Recent immigrant households of seniors received a smaller amount, and this amount also made up a smaller share of their income than is the case for Canadian-born and earlier immigrant households. Households consisting only of very recent immigrants 65 years of age and over received much less than other households. Seniors who immigrated very recently are not entitled to Old Age Security, and they may not have built up credits under the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan.
The distribution of income
Personal income reaches parity with longer stay
Of very recent immigrants, more than one-half of women and two-fifth of men reported no income or income of less than $10,000 in 2000. The share reporting no income is lower for persons who immigrated during the 1986-1995 period. And the share of persons without income is even lower for earlier immigrants, who also report income below $10,000 in much smaller proportions than recent immigrants.
At the high end of the income scale, recent immigrants and especially very recent immigrants are underrepresented. The proportion with incomes $50,000 and over is on average three times as large among the Canadian-born as among recent immigrants. By contrast, the proportion of earlier immigrants with income of $50,000 and over is almost equal to that of the Canadian-born.
Without income |
$1 to $9,999 |
$10,000 to $29,999 | $30,000 to $49,999 | $50,000 and over | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | ||||||
Canadian-born | 23,510 | 102,860 | 161,650 | 110,450 | 58,230 | 456,710 |
Immigrants | 23,350 | 98,030 | 138,590 | 59,310 | 26,480 | 345,760 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 5,020 | 32,590 | 72,450 | 37,790 | 18,610 | 166,460 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 10,640 | 41,700 | 46,880 | 16,930 | 6,210 | 122,350 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 7,690 | 23,750 | 19,260 | 4,600 | 1,670 | 56,950 |
Men | ||||||
Canadian-born | 19,230 | 78,210 | 114,840 | 108,310 | 127,200 | 447,750 |
Immigrants | 12,450 | 64,060 | 110,940 | 65,250 | 60,350 | 313,040 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 660 | 18,470 | 54,000 | 39,440 | 42,790 | 155,340 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 7,240 | 29,930 | 39,360 | 19,160 | 12,840 | 108,510 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 4,560 | 15,670 | 17,590 | 6,660 | 4,720 | 49,190 |
Total | ||||||
Canadian-born | 42,740 | 181,060 | 276,480 | 218,760 | 185,430 | 904,460 |
Immigrants | 35,790 | 162,090 | 249,530 | 124,560 | 86,830 | 658,820 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 5,670 | 51,070 | 126,450 | 77,220 | 61,400 | 321,820 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 17,880 | 71,610 | 86,240 | 36,100 | 19,050 | 230,870 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 12,250 | 39,420 | 36,840 | 11,250 | 6,390 | 106,140 |
Without income | $1 to $9,999 | $10,000 to $29,999 | $30,000 to $49,999 | $50,000 and over | Total | Average income | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | |||||||
Canadian-born | 5% | 23% | 35% | 24% | 13% | 100% | $26,230 |
Immigrants | 7% | 28% | 40% | 17% | 8% | 100% | $20,500 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 3% | 20% | 44% | 23% | 11% | 100% | $25,760 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 9% | 34% | 38% | 14% | 5% | 100% | $17,040 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 13% | 42% | 34% | 8% | 3% | 100% | $12,570 |
Men | |||||||
Canadian-born | 4% | 17% | 26% | 24% | 28% | 100% | $40,290 |
Immigrants | 4% | 20% | 35% | 21% | 19% | 100% | $32,160 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 0% | 12% | 35% | 25% | 28% | 100% | $41,210 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 7% | 28% | 36% | 18% | 12% | 100% | $24,240 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 9% | 32% | 36% | 14% | 10% | 100% | $21,050 |
Total | |||||||
Canadian-born | 5% | 20% | 31% | 24% | 21% | 100% | $33,190 |
Immigrants | 5% | 25% | 38% | 19% | 13% | 100% | $26,040 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 2% | 16% | 39% | 24% | 19% | 100% | $33,220 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 8% | 31% | 37% | 16% | 8% | 100% | $20,430 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 12% | 37% | 35% | 11% | 6% | 100% | $16,500 |
Note: Incomes are for the year 2000. In all tables in Part E, immigrants and very recent immigrants include only those who landed before the year 2000 and could have had income the entire year.
Recent immigrant household income nine-tenths of overall average
In the year 2000, recent immigrant households had average income of $56,300 or 89% of the income of Canadian-born households. The income of households consisting only of very recent immigrants was particularly low, just 61% of the income of households of the Canadian-born.
One in three households consisting of only very recent immigrants has income of less than $20,000, in spite of their large size. In households that combine very recent immigrants with other persons, their relatively high income may be a result of their large size and the fact that the other members of the household have lived in Canada for more than five years and are more likely to be earners.
Households | $0 to $19,999 | $20,000 to $39,999 | $40,000 to $59,999 | $60,000 to $79,999 | $80,000 and over | Total | Average income |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canadian-born | 70,880 | 83,160 | 78,890 | 58,580 | 105,420 | 396,920 | $63,620 |
18% | 21% | 20% | 15% | 27% | 100% | ||
Earlier immigrants | 28,580 | 37,500 | 33,430 | 28,670 | 61,570 | 189,750 | $70,210 |
15% | 20% | 18% | 15% | 32% | 100% | ||
Recent immigrants | 28,750 | 35,060 | 29,310 | 21,120 | 30,930 | 145,190 | $56,330 |
20% | 24% | 20% | 15% | 21% | 100% | ||
1986-1995 immigrants | 17,030 | 21,140 | 18,790 | 14,370 | 21,960 | 93,320 | $59,330 |
18% | 23% | 20% | 15% | 24% | 100% | ||
1996-1999 immigrants with others |
2,170 | 4,170 | 5,110 | 3,890 | 6,340 | 21,670 | $67,740 |
10% | 19% | 24% | 18% | 29% | 100% | ||
1996-1999 immigrants only |
9,560 | 9,750 | 5,410 | 2,870 | 2,630 | 30,210 | $38,870 |
32% | 32% | 18% | 9% | 9% | 100% | ||
All households | 140,680 | 161,120 | 145,000 | 110,370 | 201,550 | 758,710 | $63,000 |
19% | 21% | 19% | 15% | 27% | 100% |
Note: Incomes are for the year 2000. In all tables in Part E, immigrants and very recent immigrants include only those who landed before the year 2000 and could have had income the entire year. The total “All households” includes households of non-permanent residents. For definitions of household and related concepts, see the Glossary.
Four in ten very recent immigrants have low income
Recent immigrants are more likely than earlier immigrants and the Canadian-born to live in families with incomes that fall below the median family income or, if they do not live in families, to have income below the median for unattached individuals. They are also more likely to have or live in families with incomes that fall below one-half of the median income—that is, to have low income. The proportion of immigrants with income in the bottom half or quarter of the income distribution declines in relation to the cohort’s length of stay in Canada.
The share of very recent immigrants whose family or individual income is below one-half of the median income is nearly three times as large as that of the Canadian-born. The proportion of very recent immigrants with income below the median is also much higher, with three out of four finding themselves in this situation. Although earlier immigrant households have higher average income than Canadian-born households, a slightly larger proportion of earlier immigrants find themselves below the median or one-half of the median income.
Figure E-1: Immigrants by period of immigration and Canadian-born—percentage with family or individual income below the median and below one-half of the median, Vancouver Census Metropolitan Area, 2000
Note: Incomes are for the year 2000. In all figures in Part E, immigrants and very recent immigrants include only those who landed before the year 2000 and could have had income the entire year. For a definition of median income and details about the calculations, see the Glossary.
The proportion of individuals with income below the median varies with age and to a lesser extent gender. For the Canadian-born and earlier immigrants, the highest incidence of incomes that are below the median is found among seniors. But this is not so for very recent immigrants, among whom incomes below the median are more common for younger age groups. Persons who immigrated during the 1986-1995 period occupy a middle ground.
In all age and gender groups except women and men 65 years old and over, the proportion of persons with income below the overall median is higher among recent immigrants than among the Canadian-born. This difference is most pronounced for people of working age, from 25 to 64 years old.
Nearly four out of ten immigrants who landed between 1996 and 1999 have low incomes or live in families with low income—that is, income below one-half of the median. This share is nearly three times as large as for the Canadian-born. The difference in the incidence of low income between very recent immigrants and the Canadian-born is smallest for seniors. Recently immigrated female seniors are less likely than their male counterparts to have low income.
Under 15 years | 15 to 24 years | 25 to 64 years | 65 years and over | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | |||||
Canadian-born | 66,970 | 37,120 | 110,470 | 40,960 | 255,510 |
Immigrants | 13,600 | 22,890 | 128,270 | 37,890 | 202,600 |
Immigrated before 1986 | - | 1,580 | 44,960 | 29,440 | 75,940 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 5,090 | 12,790 | 52,170 | 6,780 | 76,820 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 8,510 | 8,530 | 31,140 | 1,670 | 49,840 |
Men | |||||
Canadian-born | 70,840 | 34,230 | 103,270 | 28,700 | 237,030 |
Immigrants | 14,530 | 24,110 | 106,910 | 31,540 | 177,080 |
Immigrated before 1986 | - | 1,620 | 39,230 | 24,040 | 64,870 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 5,430 | 14,150 | 42,170 | 6,190 | 67,940 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 9,100 | 8,340 | 25,520 | 1,310 | 44,270 |
Total | |||||
Canadian-born | 137,800 | 71,350 | 213,740 | 69,660 | 492,540 |
Immigrants | 28,120 | 47,000 | 235,180 | 69,420 | 379,670 |
Immigrated before 1986 | - | 3,200 | 84,190 | 53,470 | 140,810 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 10,520 | 26,940 | 94,340 | 12,970 | 144,760 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 17,610 | 16,870 | 56,650 | 2,980 | 94,110 |
Women | |||||
Canadian-born | 47% | 42% | 36% | 63% | 43% |
Immigrants | 72% | 67% | 51% | 62% | 56% |
Immigrated before 1986 | - | 48% | 38% | 64% | 46% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 65% | 64% | 58% | 57% | 59% |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 77% | 76% | 73% | 59% | 73% |
Men | |||||
Canadian-born | 47% | 38% | 34% | 60% | 40% |
Immigrants | 73% | 65% | 48% | 60% | 53% |
Immigrated before 1986 | - | 43% | 35% | 61% | 42% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 65% | 64% | 56% | 58% | 58% |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 79% | 76% | 71% | 59% | 73% |
Total | |||||
Canadian-born | 47% | 40% | 35% | 62% | 41% |
Immigrants | 72% | 66% | 50% | 61% | 54% |
Immigrated before 1986 | - | 45% | 37% | 62% | 44% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 65% | 64% | 57% | 57% | 59% |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 78% | 76% | 72% | 59% | 73% |
Note: Incomes are for the year 2000. In all tables in Part E, immigrants and very recent immigrants include only those who landed before the year 2000 and could have had income the entire year. For a definition of median income and details about the calculations, see the Glossary.
Under 15 years | 15 to 24 years | 25 to 64 years | 65 years and over | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | |||||
Canadian-born | 22,690 | 15,140 | 39,720 | 11,900 | 89,420 |
Immigrants | 6,930 | 11,940 | 54,160 | 14,580 | 87,590 |
Immigrated before 1986 | - | 770 | 15,640 | 11,030 | 27,430 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 2,260 | 6,390 | 22,230 | 2,820 | 33,690 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 4,670 | 4,790 | 16,300 | 730 | 26,480 |
Men | |||||
Canadian-born | 24,100 | 13,100 | 36,660 | 8,930 | 82,780 |
Immigrants | 7,260 | 12,570 | 43,150 | 12,860 | 75,800 |
Immigrated before 1986 | - | 650 | 12,750 | 9,320 | 22,700 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 2,410 | 7,040 | 17,290 | 2,820 | 29,540 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 4,860 | 4,880 | 13,110 | 720 | 23,560 |
Total | |||||
Canadian-born | 46,790 | 28,240 | 76,380 | 20,830 | 172,200 |
Immigrants | 14,190 | 24,510 | 97,310 | 27,430 | 163,380 |
Immigrated before 1986 | - | 1,420 | 28,390 | 20,350 | 50,130 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 4,660 | 13,430 | 39,510 | 5,640 | 63,220 |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 9,530 | 9,670 | 29,410 | 1,450 | 50,040 |
Women | |||||
Canadian-born | 16% | 17% | 13% | 18% | 15% |
Immigrants | 37% | 35% | 22% | 24% | 24% |
Immigrated before 1986 | - | 23% | 13% | 24% | 16% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 29% | 32% | 25% | 24% | 26% |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 42% | 43% | 38% | 26% | 39% |
Men | |||||
Canadian-born | 16% | 14% | 12% | 19% | 14% |
Immigrants | 36% | 34% | 19% | 24% | 23% |
Immigrated before 1986 | - | 17% | 11% | 24% | 15% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 29% | 32% | 23% | 26% | 25% |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 42% | 44% | 37% | 32% | 39% |
Total | |||||
Canadian-born | 16% | 16% | 12% | 19% | 14% |
Immigrants | 37% | 34% | 21% | 24% | 23% |
Immigrated before 1986 | - | 20% | 12% | 24% | 16% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 29% | 32% | 24% | 25% | 26% |
Immigrated 1996-1999 | 42% | 44% | 37% | 29% | 39% |
Note: Incomes are for the year 2000. In all tables in Part E, immigrants and very recent immigrants include only those who landed before the year 2000 and could have had income the entire year. For a definition of median income and details about the calculations, see the Glossary.
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