CIMM – International Scan of Work Permit Types (Closed vs. Open) – February 7, 2024
Key Facts And Figures
- With the exception of Japan and the United Kingdom (UK), all other members of the G7 issue closed work permits that are associated with a specific employer or job category.
Key Messages
- Closed work permits are an important tool in the management and program integrity of temporary labour migration systems world-wide. Closed work permits ensure a stable workforce and guarantee foreign nationals have the employment required to sustain themselves.
- While we are examining the implications of both types of work permits, we acknowledge that eliminating employer-specific work permits in favour of open work permits could negatively impact labour migration systems and would not necessarily reduce abuse and exploitation of temporary foreign workers.
Supplementary Information
- The United States issues closed work visas tied to specific employers or job categories (H-1B visa and the L-1 visa). The UK issues closed work permits to skilled workers (the “skilled worker visa”). The European Union (EU) issues closed work permits for non-EU members (the “Blue Card”). Additionally, France and Italy issue work permits that are tied to specific job offers.
- Japan utilizes both employer and sector specific work permits. Specialized Skilled Workers are issued sector-specific work permits which enable them to change positions within their industry. The UK only offers open work permits to certain graduates – who have held a specific student visa for a certain length of time and completed an eligible course (UK bachelor’s, master’s, PhD degree or other specified eligible course) at a recognized institution.
- Outside of the G7, work permits are also predominantly closed. New Zealand primarily issues employer-specific work permits except in situations such as working holidays, work for study purposes, and spousal or resident visa holders. Sweden issues employer and industry specific work visas. Finally, in South Africa, all work permits are associated with specific job offers.