Conditional Release and Performance – Full Parole

Official Title: Performance Monitoring Report 202-2021, Conditional Release and Performance – Full Parole
From: Parole Board of Canada

Full Parole

Tables 82-114

Full parole is a type of conditional release which allows the offender to serve the remainder of their sentence under supervision in the community.

On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 eliminated the APR process, which resulted in fewer day and full parole decisions in 2011-12, for offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences, who in previous fiscal years would have been eligible for an APR review. The number of reviews for these offenders rebounded in the following two years, resulting in an increase in the number of full parole release decisions rendered by the Board.

As noted in the previous section, as a result of court challenges, the Pacific and Quebec regions have been processing APR cases for offenders who meet the APR eligibility criteria. The Pacific region has been processing these cases since 2012-13 and the Quebec region since 2013-14.

Following the Canada (Attorney General) v. Whaling decision on March 20, 2014, accelerated parole review was reinstated across the other regions for offenders who were sentenced prior to March 28, 2011. In 2015-16 and 2016-17, in some provinces, workload increased additionally due to cases of APR-eligible offenders who committed their offences prior to the abolition of the APR legislation and were sentenced after March 28, 2011, following provincial court challenges (Quebec in 2016, Ontario in 2015, Manitoba in 2015, Alberta in 2015, British Columbia in 2014).

• The number of federal full parole release decisions rendered in 2020-21 increased to 4,443 (+11%) from the previous fiscal year. The total included 38 full parole release decisions following an APR and 21 full parole release decisions by exception.
• In 2020-21, the number of federal full parole release decisions rendered by the Board increased in the Ontario (+34%), Prairie (+15%), and Pacific (+21%) regions and decreased in the Atlantic (-9%) and Quebec (-7%) regions.
• In 2020-21, the Board rendered fewer provincial full parole release decisions (230; -12%) compared to the previous fiscal year. The numbers increased in the Atlantic (+5%) and decreased in the Prairie (-9%) and Pacific (-23%) regions.
• The number of federal full parole release decisions following an Elder-Assisted Hearing decreased in 2020-21 to 37 (-89%), due, mostly, to public health measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• The proportion of sentence served prior to first federal full parole release for federal offenders serving determinate sentences remained the same (45%) in 2020-21 in comparison to the previous fiscal year.
• In 2020-21, Indigenous offenders served a greater proportion of their sentences prior to their first federal full parole release (48%) compared to all other ethno-cultural groups of offenders (44%).
• In 2020-21, men offenders served a higher proportion of their sentences before being released on their first federal full parole (45%) than women offenders (42%).

Figure 25. Full Parole Grant Rates

• In 2020-21, the federal full parole grant rate (regular and APR) decreased (32.8%; -7.9 percentage points) in comparison to the previous fiscal year.
• The federal regular full parole grant rate (32.2%; -7.6 percentage points) and the federal APR grant rate (97.4%; -2.6%) decreased in 2020-21.
• The provincial full parole grant rate decreased to 36.5% (-2.7 percentage points) in 2020-21 from 39.2% in 2019-20.
• In 2020-21, the federal full parole grant rate decreased in all regions: Atlantic (to 49.8%; -7.6%), Quebec (to 28.1%; -6.1 percentage points), Ontario (to 37.9%; -10.2 percentage points), Prairie (to 29.6%; -7.9 percentage points) and Pacific (to 24.0%; -7.9 percentage points) compared to 2019-20.
• The number of federal full parole release decisions following an Elder-Assisted Hearing decreased in 2020-21 (to 37; -89.5%). The greatest proportion of such decisions was recorded in the Quebec region (48.6%).
• In 2020-21, the federal full parole grant rate decreased for offenders serving sentences for violent offences (to 27%; -10.2 percentage points), and for offenders serving sentences for non-violent offences (to 43%; -2.9 percentage points) compared to 2019-20.
• Averaged over the last five years, the provincial full parole grant rate was the highest for offenders serving sentences for non-violent offences (39%). The five year average for offenders serving sentences for violent offences was 33%. Furthermore, in the last five years the grant rate for this group has been at its highest in the previous fiscal year (39%), followed by this reporting period (37%).
• Over the last five years, Indigenous offenders reported the lowest federal full parole grant rate (25.8%), while Asian offenders reported the highest rate (50.9%).
• Over the last five years, Black offenders reported the lowest provincial full parole grant rate (16.7%), while offenders in the category Other ethno-cultural group reported the highest rate (53.9%).
• Over the last five years, women offenders reported a higher federal and provincial full parole grant rate (51.7% and 41.9%) than men offenders (36.6% and 36.3%).
• In 2020-21, federal offenders with determinate sentences accounted for 90.7% of all full parole grants (with a grant rate of 35.9%). Lifers accounted for 8.8% of all full parole grants (with a grant rate of 27.3%). Six offenders serving other indeterminate sentences were granted federal full parole (with a grant rate of 2.1%).
• In 2020-21, the number of residency conditions imposed on federal full parole decreased by one (from 109 to 108) compared to the previous fiscal year. The Quebec region accounted for most (35%) of the decisions to impose a residency condition on full parole, while the Ontario region accounted for the least (9%).

Outcome of Full Parole Supervision Periods

Outcome of full parole is measured separately for offenders serving determinate sentences and for offenders serving indeterminate sentences. Indeterminate sentences are only considered ‘successful completions’ for statistical purposes when the offender is deceased. For this reason, these cases are shown separately from those of offenders serving determinate sentences.

Federal Full Parole: Determinate Sentences

Figure 26. Outcome Rates of Federal Full Parole Supervision Periods for Offenders with Determinate Sentences

• In 2020-21, the successful completion rate (without any breaches of special conditions or re-offending) of federal full parole for offenders serving determinate sentences remained stable (88.2%; +0.2 percentage points) compared to 2019-20.
• Over the last five years (between 2016-17 and 2020-21), the successful completion rate of federal full parole for non-violent offenders released on federal regular full parole was 90.1% and the rate for those non-violent offenders released on APR full parole was 92.3%.
• Over the last five years, offenders serving sentences for non-violent offences reported the highest successful completion rate of federal full parole (90.4%) compared to offenders serving sentences for violent offences (85.4%).
• Over the last five years, Indigenous offenders reported the lowest successful completion rate of federal full parole (80.6%), while Asian offenders reported the highest rate (93.6%).
• Over the last five years, both men offenders and women offenders reported the same successful completion rate of federal full parole (88.7%).
• In 2020-21, the successful completion rate of federal full parole increased in the Pacific (to 90.4%; +9.1 percentage points) region and remained stable in the other regions: Atlantic (to 84.9%; +0.6 percentage points), Quebec (to 91.0%; -0.8 percentage points), Ontario (to 89.5%; -0.7 percentage points) and Prairie (to 86.4%; +0.3 percentage points) when compared to the previous fiscal year.
• In 2020-21, the revocation for breach of condition rate of federal full parole for offenders serving determinate sentences remained stable (9.6%; +0.8 percentage points) compared to the previous fiscal year. Over the last five years, the rate was on average 8.4%.
• Between 2016-17 and 2020-21, the total revocation with offence rate of federal full parole was on average 2.9%.
• The rate of violent reoffending of federal full parole has been relatively low in the last five years, averaging 1.5%. Offenders serving sentences for violent offences accounted for 97.1% of all revocations with a violent offence of federal full parole in the last five years (33 out of 34).
• Over the last five years, Black offenders reported the highest revocation with a violent offence rate of federal full parole (1.3%), while Asian offenders reported the lowest rate (0.2%).
• One (1) woman offender serving a determinate sentence on federal full parole had her supervision period revoked because of a violent offence in the last five years.
• In the last five years, the Pacific region reported the highest revocation with a violent offence rate of federal full parole (0.8%), while the Prairie region reported the lowest rate (0.3%), the national average being 0.5%.

Federal Full Parole: Indeterminate Sentences

Reporting on outcomes of federal full parole supervision periods for offenders serving indeterminate sentences includes the tracking of supervision periods in the last 25 years based on the start date.

• Between 1996-97 and 2020-21, 2,190 offenders serving indeterminate sentences had been released on full parole, completing a total of 2,602 federal full parole supervision periods. As of April 11, 2021, 56% of the supervision periods were still active (supervised), 5% of the supervision periods that were active were for offenders who had been deported or extradited, 15% had ended because the offender died while on parole, 19% were revoked for a breach of condition, 4% were revoked as the result of a non‑violent offence, and 1% were revoked as the result of a violent offence.
• Over the same time period, the average length of federal full parole supervision periods for offenders serving indeterminate sentences was 7.8 years.

• Over the last 25 years, offenders serving indeterminate sentences on full parole were 2.5 times more likely to have successfully completed their supervision periods than being revoked for having committed a new offence.
• Over the same time period, offenders serving indeterminate sentences on full parole were 10.9 times more likely to have successfully completed their supervision periods than being revoked for having committed a v olent offence. The ratio increases for those offenders who were on full parole for over five years (18.5).

Figure 28. Comparison of Revocation Rates of Federal Full Parole Supervision Periods (between 1996-97 and 2020-21)

Note: Due to the nature of indeterminate sentences, outcomes of supervision periods for indeterminate offenders are based on start dates and outcomes for determinate offenders are based on end dates.

• Compared to offenders serving determinate sentences on full parole, offenders serving indeterminate sentences on full parole were more likely to have had their supervision periods revoked because of a breach of condition (18.7% vs. 14.7%). When looking at supervision periods revoked for having committed a new violent offence between 1996-97 and 2020-21, the rate was the same for the two offender groups (1.3%).
• However, offenders serving indeterminate sentences on full parole were less likely to have had their supervision periods revoked for having committed a new non-violent offence (4.5% vs. 7.5%) than offenders serving determinate sentences during the same time period.

Provincial Full Parole

• Over the last five years, the successful completion rate of provincial full parole averaged 92.7%. The rate was 90.7% in 2020-21.
• In 2020-21, the successful completion rate of provincial full parole increased in the Prairie (to 97.3%; +1.6 percentage points) and Pacific (to 96.6%; +4.9 percentage points) regions and decreased in the Atlantic (to 75.0%; -15.3 percentage points) region compared to the previous fiscal year.
• Over the last five years, offenders serving sentences for violent offences reported a higher successful completion rate (93.5%) than offenders serving sentences for non‑violent offences (92.3%).
• Very few provincial offenders have had their full paroles revoked because of a violent offence. Over the last five years, one Caucasian men offender serving a sentence for a non‑violent offence had his provincial full parole revoked with a violent offence.

Table 82. Full Parole Release Decisions

Year	Atlantic		Quebec		Ontario		Prairies		Pacific		Canada
	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.
2016-17	424	80	1,403	-	794	-	1,035	95	386	103	4,042	278
2017-18	446	71	1,248	-	957	-	1,105	99	457	155	4,213	325
2018-19	446	55	1,204	1	912	-	1,311	90	397	158	4,270	304
2019-20	478	65	1,056	-	896	-	1,122	77	442	118	3,994	260
2020-21	434	68	981	-	1,203	-	1,292	70	533	91	4,443	230
5-Yr. Avg.	446	68	1,178	-	952	-	1,173	86	443	125	4,192	279

Note: The provincial cases in the Quebec region were federal sentences which were completed in less than two years after the sentence was reduced by court order.

Table 83. Full Parole Release Decisions by Regular and APR Review

Year	Type	Atlantic		Quebec		Ontario		Prairies		Pacific		Canada
		Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.
16-17	Regular	423	80	1,377	-	738	-	1,013	95	363	103	3,914	278
	APR	1	-	26	-	54	-	22	-	23	-	126	-
	By exc.	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
	All	424	80	1,403	-	794	-	1,035	95	386	103	4,042	278
17-18	Regular	445	71	1,195	-	886	-	1,084	99	436	155	4,046	325
	APR	1	-	52	-	70	-	21	-	21	-	165	-
	By exc.	-	-	1	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	2	-
	All	446	71	1,248	-	957	-	1,105	99	457	155	4,213	325
18-19	Regular	445	55	1,183	1	885	-	1,300	90	384	158	4,197	304
	APR	-	-	20	-	25	-	9	-	13	-	67	-
	By exc.	1	-	1	-	2	-	2	-	-	-	6	-
	All	446	55	1,204	1	912	-	1,311	90	397	158	4,270	304
19-20	Regular	477	65	1,043	-	864	-	1,113	77	432	118	3,929	260
	APR	-	-	12	-	29	-	9	-	10	-	60	-
	By exc.	1	-	1	-	3	-	-	-	-	-	5	-
	All	478	65	1,056	-	896	-	1,122	77	442	118	3,994	260
20-21	Regular	431	68	973	-	1,173	1	1,283	70	524	91	4,384	230
	APR	-	-	8	-	15	-	7	-	8	-	38	-
	By exc.	3	-	-	-	15	-	2	-	1	-	21	-
	All	434	68	981	-	1,203	1	1,292	70	533	91	4,443	230

Note: Includes only pre-release decisions to grant/direct or deny/not direct full parole, except APRI not-directed.

Table 84. Full Parole Release Decisions Following Elder-Assisted Hearings

Year	Atlantic		Quebec		Ontario		Prairies		Pacific		Canada
	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.
2016-17	9	-	37	-	17	-	129	-	67	-	259	-
2017-18	13	-	40	-	33	-	166	1	67	2	319	3
2018-19	15	-	46	-	38	-	226	-	44	1	369	1
2019-20	11	-	45	-	19	-	218	-	59	-	352	-
2020-21	10	-	18	-	2	-	3	-	4	-	37	-
5-Yr. Avg.	12	-	37	-	22	-	148	-	48	-	267	-

Note: Includes only pre-release decisions to grant/direct or deny/not direct full parole, except APRI not-directed.

Table 85. Average Proportion of Sentence Served at First Federal Full Parole Release by Region (%)

Region	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	5-Yr. Avg.
Atlantic	43	42	43	43	43	43
Quebec	47	45	46	46	48	46
Ontario	44	44	43	44	45	44
Prairies	46	45	45	44	45	45
Pacific	43	44	44	44	45	44
Canada	45	44	44	44	45	45

Note: Excludes those serving indeterminate sentences.

Table 86. Average Proportion of Sentence Served at First Federal Full Parole Release by Offence Type (%)

Offence Type	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	5-Yr. Avg.
Violent	48	47	46	46	47	47
Non-Violent	43	43	43	43	44	43

Note: Excludes those serving indeterminate sentences.

Table 87. Average Proportion of Sentence Served at First Federal Full Parole Release by Ethno-Cultural Group (%)

Ethno-Cultural Group	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	5-Yr. Avg.
Indigenous	48	48	47	47	48	48
Asian	45	41	42	43	42	43
Black	44	43	43	45	45	44
Caucasian	45	44	44	44	45	44
Other	42	44	43	44	45	43

Note: Excludes those serving indeterminate sentences.

Table 88. Average Proportion of Sentence Served at First Federal Full Parole Release by Gender (%)

Gender	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	5-Yr. Avg.
Men	45	44	45	45	46	45
Women	43	41	41	41	42	42

Note: Excludes those serving indeterminate sentences.

Table 89. Grant Rates for Federal Full Parole

Year	Type	Atlantic		Quebec		Ontario		Prairies		Pacific		Canada
		#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
2016-17	Regular	261	62	370	27	328	44	338	33	77	21	1,374	35
	APR	1	100	26	100	52	96	20	91	23	100	122	97
	By exc.	-	-	-	-	1	50	-	-	-	-	1	50
	All	262	62	396	28	381	48	358	35	100	26	1,497	37
2017-18	Regular	270	61	412	34	390	44	360	33	83	19	1,515	37
	APR	1	100	50	96	70	100	19	90	21	100	161	98
	By exc.	-	-	0	0	1	100	-	-	-	-	1	50
	All	271	61	462	37	461	48	379	34	104	23	1,677	40
2018-19	Regular	254	57	391	33	398	45	449	35	110	29	1,602	38
	APR	-	-	20	100	24	96	9	100	13	100	66	99
	By exc.	1	100	1	100	2	100	2	100	-	-	6	100
	All	255	57	412	34	424	46	460	35	123	31	1,674	39
2019-20	Regular	273	57	348	33	400	46	411	37	131	30	1,563	40
	APR	-	-	12	100	29	100	9	100	10	100	60	100
	By exc.	1	100	1	100	2	67	-	-	-	-	4	80
	All	274	57	361	34	431	48	420	37	141	32	1,627	41
2020-21	Regular	214	50	268	28	437	37	374	29	119	23	1,412	32
	APR	-	-	8	100	15	100	6	86	8	100	37	97
	By exc.	2	67	-	-	4	27	2	100	1	100	9	43
	All	216	50	276	28	456	38	382	30	128	24	1,458	33

Note: Includes only pre-release decisions to grant/direct or deny/not direct full parole, except APRI not-directed.

Table 90. Grant Rates for Federal Full Parole Following Elder-Assisted Hearings

Year	Atlantic		Quebec		Ontario		Prairies		Pacific		Canada
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
2016-17	2	22	3	8	1	6	20	16	5	7	31	12
2017-18	3	23	5	13	4	12	17	10	1	1	30	9
2018-19	6	40	5	11	4	11	33	15	3	7	51	14
2019-20	5	45	4	9	1	5	34	16	2	3	46	13
2020-21	5	50	1	6	0	0	0	0	1	25	7	19
5-Yr. Avg.	4	36	4	10	2	9	21	14	2	5	33	12

Note: Includes only pre-release decisions to grant/direct or deny/not direct full parole, except APRI not-directed.

Table 91. Grant Rates for Provincial Full Parole

Year	Atlantic		Quebec		Ontario		Prairies		Pacific		Canada
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
2016-17	41	51	-	-	-	-	33	35	27	26	101	36
2017-18	34	48	-	-	-	-	35	35	55	35	124	38
2018-19	29	53	0	0	-	-	30	33	46	29	105	35
2019-20	35	54	-	-	-	-	34	44	33	28	102	39
2020-21	38	56	-	-	1	100	16	23	29	32	84	37
5-Yr. Avg.	35	52	-	-	-	-	30	34	38	30	103	37

Note: The provincial cases in Ontario region were federal sentences, which were completed in less than two years after the sentence was reduced by court order.

Table 92. Grant Rates for Federal and Provincial Full Parole by Offence Type (%)

Year	Violent		Non-Violent
	Federal	Provincial	Federal	Provincial
2016-17	30	34	43	38
2017-18	32	32	47	42
2018-19	34	26	45	41
2019-20	37	39	45	39
2020-21	27	37	43	36
5-Yr. Avg.	32	33	45	39

Table 93. Grant Rates of Federal and Provincial Full Parole by Ethno-Cultural Group (%)

Year	Indigenous		Asian		Black		Caucasian		Other
	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.	Fed.	Prov.
2016-17	25	19	53	40	40	14	37	38	43	47
2017-18	24	19	54	46	44	20	41	41	50	49
2018-19	28	29	52	17	39	19	41	36	45	54
2019-20	29	27	50	45	44	33	43	33	49	62
2020-21	23	18	46	46	36	0	34	34	41	56
5-Yr. Avg.	26	23	51	38	41	17	39	37	45	54

Table 94. Grant Rates for Federal and Provincial Full Parole by Gender (%)

Year	Men		Women
	Federal	Provincial	Federal	Provincial
2016-17	36	36	51	42
2017-18	39	35	52	55
2018-19	38	35	49	33
2019-20	39	40	55	30
2020-21	31	36	52	41
5-Yr. Avg.	37	36	52	42

Note: Category ‘Other Gender’: between 2016-17 and 2020-21, one offender has been denied federal full parole.

Table 95. Grant Rates for Federal Full Parole by Sentence Type

Year	Determinate		Lifer		Other Indeterminate
	#	%	#	%	#	%
2016-17	1,376	39	120	43	1	<1
2017-18	1,548	41	124	51	5	2
2018-19	1,538	41	134	61	2	1
2019-20	1,474	42	147	63	6	2
2020-21	1,323	36	129	27	6	2
5-Yr. Avg.	1,452	40	131	45	4	2

Note: Includes only pre-release decisions to grant/direct or deny/not-direct full parole, except APRI not-directed.

Definition: Lifers include those offenders sentenced to life as a minimum sentence or life as a maximum sentence. Other indeterminate includes dangerous offenders, dangerous sexual offenders, habitual criminals, and those offenders who are on Lieutenant Governor Warrants.

Table 96. Residency Conditions on Federal Full Parole by Regular and APR

Type	Year	Pre-Release		Post-Release			Total
		Imposed	Cancelled	Imposed	Prolonged	Removed
Regular	2016-17	28	-	51	2	10	81
	2017-18	34	-	39	3	17	76
	2018-19	36	1	57	2	13	94
	2019-20	39	-	61	6	8	106
	2020-21	44	1	58	5	24	106
APR	2016-17	9	-	4	-	6	13
	2017-18	14	-	3	-	1	17
	2018-19	6	-	3	-	5	9
	2019-20	3	-	-	-	2	3
	2020-21	1	1	2	-	2	2
All full parole	2016-17	37	-	55	2	16	94
	2017-18	48	-	42	3	18	93
	2018-19	42	1	60	2	18	103
	2019-20	42	-	61	6	10	109
	2020-21	45	2	60	5	26	108

Note: Total = (pre-release imposed - cancelled) + (post-release imposed + prolonged).

Table 97. Residency Conditions on Federal Full Parole by Region

Year	Region	Pre-Release		Post-Release
		Imposed	Cancelled	Imposed	Prolonged	Removed
2016-17	Atlantic	8	-	8	1	1
	Quebec	9	-	26	1	3
	Ontario	8	-	8	-	8
	Prairies	2	-	-	-	1
	Pacific	10	-	13	-	3
	Canada	37	-	55	2	16
2017-18	Atlantic	12	-	5	2	4
	Quebec	18	-	21	1	2
	Ontario	5	-	3	-	4
	Prairies	7	-	2	-	5
	Pacific	6	-	11	-	3
	Canada	48	-	42	3	18
2018-19	Atlantic	8	1	7	-	3
	Quebec	21	-	37	2	1
	Ontario	-	-	4	-	5
	Prairies	8	-	3	-	4
	Pacific	5	-	9	-	5
	Canada	42	1	60	2	18
2019-20	Atlantic	20	-	11	-	1
	Quebec	6	-	27	6	2
	Ontario	4	-	8	-	3
	Prairies	8	-	2	-	2
	Pacific	4	-	13	-	2
	Canada	42	-	61	6	10
2020-21	Atlantic	19	1	18	-	5
	Quebec	11	-	22	5	2
	Ontario	6	1	5	-	8
	Prairies	5	-	8	-	2
	Pacific	4	-	7	-	9
	Canada	45	2	60	5	26

Table 98. Residency Conditions on Federal Full Parole Recommended by CSC (%)

Year	Atlantic	Quebec	Ontario	Prairies	Pacific	Canada
2016-17	50	60	31	0	48	49
2017-18	59	77	38	56	71	67
2018-19	67	66	0	45	79	63
2019-20	56	76	50	22	59	59
2020-21	54	74	54	42	92	63
5-Yr. Avg.	56	70	40	40	66	60

Note: This percentage is calculated by dividing the number of residency conditions recommended by CSC and which were imposed by the Board by the total number of residency conditions imposed by the Board.

Table 99. Residency Conditions on Federal Full Parole Concordance with CSC (%)

Year	Atlantic	Quebec	Ontario	Prairies	Pacific	Canada
2016-17	89	100	83	-	79	90
2017-18	83	91	100	100	86	90
2018-19	83	84	0	83	85	83
2019-20	82	100	100	50	83	88
2020-21	100	92	100	71	92	93
5-Yr. Avg.	88	92	91	77	85	89

Note: The concordance rate is calculated by dividing the number of residency conditions imposed by the Board which were recommended by CSC by the number of residency conditions recommended by CSC.

Outcome Rates of Full Parole

Federal Full Parole: Determinate Sentences

Table 100. Outcome Rates for Federal Full Parole with Determinate Sentences

Outcome	2016-17		2017-18		2018-19		2019-20		2020-21
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Successful completions	935	89.6	1,070	90.4	1,178	87.8	1,277	88.1	1,269	88.2
Revoked for breach of conditions	73	7.0	79	6.7	126	9.4	128	8.8	138	9.6
Revoked for non-violent offences	30	2.9	29	2.4	28	2.1	36	2.5	28	1.9
Revoked for violent offences	6	0.6	6	0.5	10	0.7	9	0.6	3	0.2
Total revocations with offence	36	3.4	35	3.0	38	2.8	45	3.1	31	2.2
Total completions	1,044	100	1,184	100	1,342	100	1,450	100	1,438	100

Table 101. Outcome Rates for Federal Full Parole with Determinate Sentences by Regular and APR

Year	Type	Successful Completion		Revoked for Breach of Conditions		Revocations with Offence				Total Revocations with Offence		Total Completions
						Non-Violent		Violent
		#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#
2016-17	Regular	848	89.7	64	6.8	28	3.0	5	0.5	33	3.5	945
	APR	87	87.9	9	9.1	2	2.0	1	1.0	3	3.0	99
2017-18	Regular	968	90.6	71	6.6	24	2.2	6	0.6	30	2.8	1,069
	APR	102	88.7	8	7.0	5	4.3	0	0.0	5	4.3	115
2018-19	Regular	1,064	87.0	122	10.0	27	2.2	10	0.8	37	3.0	1,223
	APR	114	95.8	4	3.4	1	0.8	0	0.0	1	0.8	119
2019-20	Regular	1,173	87.8	121	9.1	35	2.6	7	0.5	42	3.1	1,336
	APR	104	91.2	7	6.1	1	0.9	2	1.8	3	2.6	114
2020-21	Regular	1,172	87.8	133	10.0	28	2.1	2	0.1	30	2.2	1,335
	APR	97	94.2	5	4.9	0	0.0	1	1.0	1	1.0	103

Table 102. Outcome Rates of Federal Full Parole with Determinate Sentences for Non-Violent Offences by Regular and APR (from 2016-17 to 2020-21)

Outcome	Regular		APR
	#	%	#	%
Successful completions	3,372	90.1	504	92.3
Revoked for breach of conditions	277	7.4	33	6.0
Revoked for non-violent offences	93	2.5	9	1.6
Revoked for violent offences	1	<0.1	0	0
Total revocations with offence	94	2.5	9	1.6
Total completions	3,743	100	546	100

Table 103. Outcome Rates for Federal Full Parole with Determinate Sentences by Region

Year	Region	Successful Completion		Revoked for Breach of Conditions		Revocations with Offence				Total Revocations with Offence		Total Completions
						Non-Violent		Violent
		#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#
2016-17	Atlantic	146	81.1	23	12.8	9	5.0	2	1.1	11	6.1	180
	Quebec	268	94.7	9	3.2	5	1.8	1	0.4	6	2.1	283
	Ontario	204	92.3	11	5.0	4	1.8	2	0.9	6	2.7	221
	Prairie	228	89.1	20	7.8	7	2.7	1	0.4	8	3.1	256
	Pacific	89	85.6	10	9.6	5	4.8	0	0.0	5	4.8	104
2017-18	Atlantic	173	84.4	23	11.2	9	4.4	0	0.0	9	4.4	205
	Quebec	305	93.0	18	5.5	3	0.9	2	0.6	5	1.5	328
	Ontario	246	92.8	15	5.7	3	1.1	1	0.4	4	1.5	265
	Prairie	257	88.6	18	6.2	14	4.8	1	0.3	15	5.2	290
	Pacific	89	92.7	5	5.2	0	0.0	2	2.1	2	2.1	96
2018-19	Atlantic	163	79.5	34	16.6	5	2.4	3	1.5	8	3.9	205
	Quebec	328	94.0	14	4.0	5	1.4	2	0.6	7	2.0	349
	Ontario	313	88.9	31	8.8	6	1.7	2	0.6	8	2.3	352
	Prairie	287	84.4	40	11.8	11	3.2	2	0.6	13	3.8	340
	Pacific	87	90.6	7	7.3	1	1.0	1	1.0	2	2.1	96
2019-20	Atlantic	214	84.3	29	11.4	8	3.1	3	1.2	11	4.3	254
	Quebec	370	91.8	23	5.7	8	2.0	2	0.5	10	2.5	403
	Ontario	329	90.1	27	7.4	6	1.6	3	0.8	9	2.5	365
	Prairie	286	86.1	34	10.2	12	3.6	0	0.0	12	3.6	332
	Pacific	78	81.3	15	15.6	2	2.1	1	1.0	3	3.1	96
2020-21	Atlantic	219	84.9	29	11.2	10	3.9	0	0.0	10	3.9	258
	Quebec	313	91.0	28	8.1	3	0.9	0	0.0	3	0.9	344
	Ontario	306	89.5	30	8.8	4	1.2	2	0.6	6	1.8	342
	Prairie	337	86.4	42	10.8	10	2.6	1	0.3	11	2.8	390
	Pacific	94	90.4	9	8.7	1	1.0	0	0.0	1	1.0	104

Table 104. Outcome Rates of Federal Full Parole with Determinate Sentences by Offence Type (%)

Year	Offence Type	Successful Completion		Revoked for Breach of Conditions		Revocations with Offence				Total Revocations with Offence		Total Completions
						Non-Violent		Violent
		#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#
2016-17	Violent	261	88,8	22	7,5	5	1,7	6	2,0	11	3,7	294
	Non-Violent	674	89,9	51	6,8	25	3,3	0	0,0	25	3,3	750
2017-18	Violent	310	88,3	30	8,5	6	1,7	5	1,4	11	3,1	351
	Non-Violent	760	91,2	49	5,9	23	2,8	1	0,1	24	2,9	833
2018-19	Violent	358	83,1	51	11,8	12	2,8	10	2,3	22	5,1	431
	Non-Violent	820	90,0	75	8,2	16	1,8	0	0,0	16	1,8	911
2019-20	Violent	446	84.2	67	12.6	8	1.5	9	1.7	17	3.2	530
	Non-Violent	831	90,3	61	6,6	28	3,0	0	0,0	28	3,0	920
2020-21	Violent	478	84,9	64	11,4	18	3,2	3	0,5	21	3,7	563
	Non-Violent	791	90,4	74	8,5	10	1,1	0	0,0	10	1,1	875

Table 105. Outcome Rates of Federal Full Parole with Determinate Sentences by Ethno-Cultural Groups

Year	Ethno-Cultural Groups	Successful Completion		Revoked for Breach of Conditions		Revocations with Offence				Total Revocations with Offence		Total Completions
						Non-Violent		Violent
		#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#
2016-17	Indigenous	91	88.3	4	3.9	7	6.8	1	1.0	8	7.8	103
	Asian	101	93.5	6	5.6	1	0.9	0	0.0	1	0.9	108
	Black	68	87.2	5	6.4	2	2.6	3	3.8	5	6.4	78
	Caucasian	623	89.1	57	8.2	17	2.4	2	0.3	19	2.7	699
	Other	52	92.9	1	1.8	3	5.4	0	0.0	3	5.4	56
2017-18	Indigenous	96	81.4	16	13.6	5	4.2	1	0.8	6	5.1	118
	Asian	96	95.0	4	4.0	1	1.0	0	0.0	1	1.0	101
	Black	87	90.6	3	3.1	6	6.3	0	0.0	6	6.3	96
	Caucasian	719	90.7	52	6.6	17	2.1	5	0.6	22	2.8	793
	Other	72	94.7	4	5.3	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	76
2018-19	Indigenous	109	77.9	24	17.1	4	2.9	3	2.1	7	5.0	140
	Asian	118	93.7	6	4.8	1	0.8	1	0.8	2	1.6	126
	Black	96	90.6	8	7.5	2	1.9	0	0.0	2	1.9	106
	Caucasian	760	88.6	77	9.0	16	1.9	5	0.6	21	2.4	858
	Other	95	84.8	11	9.8	5	4.5	1	0.9	6	5.4	112
2019-20	Indigenous	122	78.2	26	16.7	7	4.5	1	0.6	8	5.1	156
	Asian	101	93.5	6	5.6	1	0.9	0	0.0	1	0.9	108
	Black	107	83.6	15	11.7	3	2.3	3	2.3	6	4.7	128
	Caucasian	853	89.2	74	7.7	24	2.5	5	0.5	29	3.0	956
	Other	94	92.2	7	6.9	1	1.0	0	0.0	1	1.0	102
2020-21	Indigenous	150	79.8	30	16.0	8	4.3	0	0.0	8	4.3	188
	Asian	109	92.4	9	7.6	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	118
	Black	114	91.2	10	8.0	0	0.0	1	0.8	1	0.8	125
	Caucasian	782	88.6	81	9.2	19	2.2	1	0.1	20	2.3	883
	Other	114	91.9	8	6.5	1	0.8	1	0.8	2	1.6	124

Table 106. Outcome Rates for Federal Full Parole with Determinate Sentences by Gender

Year	Gender	Successful Completion		Revoked for Breach of Conditions		Revocations with Offence				Total Revocations with Offence		Total Completions
						Non-Violent		Violent
		#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#
2016-17	Men	838	89.5	63	6.7	29	3.1	6	0.6	35	3.7	936
	Women	97	89.8	10	9.3	1	0.9	0	0.0	1	0.9	108
2017-18	Men	952	90.0	74	7.0	26	2.5	6	0.6	32	3.0	1,058
	Women	118	93.7	5	4.0	3	2.4	0	0.0	3	2.4	126
2018-19	Men	1,036	87.6	113	9.6	24	2.0	9	0.8	33	2.8	1,182
	Women	142	88.8	13	8.1	4	2.5	1	0.6	5	3.1	160
2019-20	Men	1,137	87.8	119	9.2	30	2.3	9	0.7	39	3.0	1,295
	Women	140	90.3	9	5.8	6	3.9	0	0.0	6	3.9	155
2020-21	Men	1,131	89.0	114	9.0	23	1.8	3	0.2	26	2.0	1,271
	Women	138	82.6	24	14.4	5	3.0	0	0.0	5	3.0	167

Federal Full Parole: Indeterminate Sentences

Table 107. Outcome of Full Parole for Offenders with Indeterminate Sentences (between April 1, 1996, and March 31, 2021)

Time Under Supervision	Still Supervised*		Successful Completion		Revocations for Breach of Conditions		Revocations with Non-Violent Offence		Revocations with Violent Offence		Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
0 - 3 mths	26	1.6	31	8.2	7	1.4	1	0.9	0	0.0	65	2.5
3-6 mths	40	2.5	19	5.0	22	4.5	1	0.9	1	2.9	83	3.2
>6 mths-1 yr	61	3.8	25	6.6	54	11.1	7	6.0	4	11.4	151	5.8
>1-2 yrs	137	8.6	39	10.3	87	17.9	17	14.7	6	17.1	286	11.0
>2-3 yrs	109	6.9	29	7.6	77	15.8	19	16.4	8	22.9	242	9.3
>3-4 yrs	105	6.6	26	6.8	58	11.9	16	13.8	2	5.7	207	8.0
>4-5 yrs	96	6.1	26	6.8	33	6.8	11	9.5	4	11.4	170	6.5
>5-10 yrs	305	19.2	86	22.6	108	22.2	32	27.6	7	20.0	538	20.7
>10-15 yrs	276	17.4	59	15.5	31	6.4	9	7.8	3	8.6	378	14.5
>15 yrs	430	27.1	40	10.5	9	1.9	3	2.6	0	0.0	482	18.5
Total	1,585	100	380	100	486	100	116	100	35	100	2,602	100
Average length of full parole (yrs)	9.7		6.4		4.0		4.8		4.0		7.8

* Includes offenders who were deported/extradited following their release on full parole.

Note: Offenders serving indeterminate sentences do not have a warrant expiry date and can only successfully complete full parole upon their death.

Table 108. Full Parole Revocation Rates for Offenders with Indeterminate Sentences (between April 1, 1996, and March 31, 2021)

Time Under Supervision	Population		Total Revocations		Revocations with Offence
	Total Population*	Currently on Full Parole*	Revocations for Breach of Conditions and with Offence		Total Revocations with Offence		Revocations with Violent Offence
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
>15 years	482	89.2	12	2.5	3	0.6	0	0.0
>10 years	860	82.1	55	6.4	15	1.7	3	0.3
>5 years	1,398	72.3	202	14.4	54	3.9	10	0.7
>4 years	1,568	70.6	250	15.9	69	4.4	14	0.9
>3 years	1,775	68.3	326	18.4	87	4.9	16	0.9
>2 years	2,017	65.5	430	21.3	114	5.7	24	1.2
>1 year	2,303	63.3	540	23.4	137	5.9	30	1.3
Total	2,602	60.9	637	24.5	151	5.8	35	1.3

* Includes offenders who were deported/extradited following their release on full parole.

Table 109. Likelihood of Successful Completion Compared to Revocation for an Offence for Full Parolees Serving Indeterminate Sentences (between April 1, 1996, and March 31, 2021)

Time Under Supervision	Successful Completion	Total Revocations with Offence	Likelihood of Successful Completion Compared to Committing a New Offence	Revocations with Violent Offence	Likelihood of Successful Completion Compared to Committing a Violent Offence
>5 years	185	54	3.4	10	18.5
>4 years	211	69	3.1	14	15.1
>3 years	237	87	2.7	16	14.8
>2 years	266	114	2.3	24	11.1
>1 year	305	137	2.2	30	10.2
Total	380	151	2.5	35	10.9

Note: Offenders serving indeterminate sentences do not have a warrant expiry date and can only successfully complete full parole upon their death.

Provincial Full Parole

Table 110. Outcome Rates for Provincial Full Parole

Outcome	2016-17		2017-18		2018-19		2019-20		2020-21
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Successful completions	79	91.9	107	95.5	110	92.4	86	92.5	88	90.7
Revoked for breach of conditions	7	8.1	5	4.5	9	7.6	5	5.4	8	8.2
Revoked for non-violent offences	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	1.1	1	1.0
Revoked for violent offences	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	1.1	0	0.0
Total revocations with offence	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	2.2	1	1.0
Total completions	86	100	112	100	119	100	93	100	97	100

Table 111. Outcome Rates for Provincial Full Parole by Region

Year	Region	Successful Completion		Revoked for Breach of Conditions		Revocations with Offence				Total Revocations with Offence		Total Completions
						Non-Violent		Violent
		#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#
2016-17	Atlantic	36	92.3	3	7.7	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	39
	Quebec	1	100	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	1
	Prairie	20	90.9	2	9.1	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	22
	Pacific	22	91.7	2	8.3	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	24
2017-18	Atlantic	39	97.5	1	2.5	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	40
	Quebec	1	50.0	1	50.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	2
	Ontario	4	100	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	4
	Prairie	31	100	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	31
	Pacific	32	91.4	3	8.6	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	35
2018-19	Atlantic	25	86.2	4	13.8	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	29
	Quebec	4	100	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	4
	Ontario	2	100	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	2
	Prairie	27	90.0	3	10.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	30
	Pacific	52	96.3	2	3.7	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	54
2019-20	Atlantic	28	90.3	2	6.5	0	0.0	1	3.2	1	3.2	31
	Ontario	3	100	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	3
	Prairie	22	95.7	1	4.3	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	23
	Pacific	33	91.7	2	5.6	1	2.8	0	0.0	1	2.8	36
2020-21	Atlantic	21	75.0	6	21.4	1	3.6	0	0.0	1	3.6	28
	Quebec	1	100	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	1
	Ontario	2	100	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	2
	Prairie	36	97.3	1	2.7	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	37
	Pacific	28	96.6	1	3.4	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	29

Note: Cases in the Ontario and Quebec regions were regional transfers, cases of exchange of service, etc.

Table 112. Outcome Rates of Provincial Full Parole by Offence Type (from 2016-17 to 2020-21)

Outcome	Violent		Non-Violent
	#	%	#	%
Successful completions	158	93.5	312	92.3
Revoked for breach of conditions	10	5.9	24	7.1
Revoked for non-violent offences	1	0.6	1	0.3
Revoked for violent offences	0	0.0	1	0.3
Total revocations with offence	1	0.6	2	0.6
Total completions	169	100	338	100

Table 113. Outcome Rates of Provincial Full Parole by Ethno-Cultural Groups (from 2016-17 to 2020-21)

Outcome	Indigenous		Asian		Black		Caucasian		Other
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Successful completions	53	88.3	37	97.4	8	100	244	91.7	128	94.8
Revoked for breach of conditions	7	11.7	1	2.6	0	0.0	19	7.1	7	5.2
Revoked for non-violent offences	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	0.8	0	0.0
Revoked for violent offences	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.4	0	0.0
Total revocations with offence	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	3	1.1	0	0.0
Total completions	60	100	38	100	8	100	266	100	135	100

Table 114. Outcome Rates of Provincial Full Parole by Gender (from 2016-17 to 2020-21)

Outcome	Men		Women
	#	%	#	%
Successful completions	405	92.7	65	92.9
Revoked for breach of conditions	29	6.6	5	7.1
Revoked for non-violent offences	2	0.5	0	0.0
Revoked for violent offences	1	0.2	0	0.0
Total revocations with offence	3	0.7	0	0.0
Total completions	437	100	70	100