Operational and Program Delivery Context
Official Title: Performance Monitoring Report 2022-2023, Operational and Program Delivery Context – Offender Population
From: Parole Board of Canada
Offender Population
The PBC and the CSC use the following definitions in reporting offender population information to ensure consistency:
Incarcerated: includes offenders serving federal sentences in penitentiaries and in provincial facilities, those housed as inmates in Community Correctional Centres (as distinguished from conditionally released offenders), those temporarily absent from the institution on some form of temporary release (Temporary Absence or Work Release), and those remanded in federal custodyFootnote 2 .
Conditional Release: includes those federal offenders conditionally released on day parole, full parole and statutory release, including those deported, those on long‑term supervision orders and temporary detainees whether detained in a penitentiary or a provincial jail.
Figure 1. The Federal Offender Population
Text equivalent of figure 1. The Federal Offender Population
| Incarcerated | Conditional Release | |
|---|---|---|
| 2013-14 | 14,826 | 8,585 |
| 2014-15 | 14,337 | 8,830 |
| 2015-16 | 14,134 | 9,189 |
| 2016-17 | 13,514 | 9,747 |
| 2017-18 | 13,385 | 10,072 |
| 2018-19 | 13,475 | 10,237 |
| 2019-20 | 13,221 | 10,154 |
| 2020-21 | 12,136 | 9,875 |
| 2021-22 | 12,030 | 9,309 |
| 2022-23 | 12,564 | 9,151 |
- Compared to the previous fiscal year (snapshot of April 10, 2022), on April 9, 2023:
- The total federal offender population increased 1.8%.
- The federal incarcerated offender population increased 4.4%.
- The federal conditional release population decreased 1.7%.
- Federal men offenders represented 95% of the federal incarcerated population and 92% of the federal conditional release offender population.
- The federal incarcerated offender population increased in all regions: Atlantic (+11.1%), Quebec (+7.9%), Ontario (+4.8%), Prairie (+0.3%) and Pacific (+2.7%).
- The federal conditional release offender population decreased in the Atlantic (-4.8%), Ontario (-3.3%), Prairies (-0.6%) and Pacific (-14.7%) regions and increased in the Quebec (+2.6%) region.
- Overall, the federal day parole (10.7%) population increased while the full parole (-2.0%), statutory release (-7.1%) and long-term supervision (-4.5%) populations decreased.
- Increases in the federal day parole population were reported in every region, apart from the Ontario region (-2.5%). The Prairie region reported the highest increase in the federal day parole population (+20.6%).
- The federal full parole population decreased in all regions except for the Quebec region (+3.5%). The Ontario (-4.2%) and the Pacific (-4.4%) regions accounted for most of the decrease in the full parole population.
- Decreases in the federal statutory release population were reported in every region.
- The provincial conditional release population generally decreased across regions (-20.7%). Day parole had a higher decrease (-25.0%) than full parole (-16.7%). The Pacific region (+35.3%) is the only region that reported an increase compared to the previous fiscal year (a full parole increase). The Prairie region reported the highest decrease in day parole (-66.7%) and the Atlantic region accounted for the highest decrease in full parole (-54.5%).
- On April 9, 2023Footnote 3 :
- The Ontario region had the lowest proportion of offenders serving sentences for violent offences (71%) and the highest proportion of federal offenders serving sentences for non‑violent offences (29%).
- The Pacific region reported the highest proportion of federal offenders serving sentences for violent offences (85%) while reporting the lowest proportion of federal offenders serving sentences for non‑violent offences (15%).
In 2011-12 and 2012-13, annual increases in the incarcerated offender population were larger than those in the conditional release offender population. This was in part related to the abolition of accelerated parole review (APR) in 2010-11. Higher proportions of offenders serving non-violent sentences were released later in their sentences in the following years.
Additionally, in 2016-17 and 2017-18, larger proportions of offenders serving sentences for violent offences were released on day and full parole. Combined, the increases in releases of these two offender groups resulted in six consecutive increases in the federal conditional release population between 2013-14 and 2018-19.
There was a decrease, particularly in the incarcerated offender population, between 2019-20 and 2021-22.
In 2022-23, there was an increase in the offender population because of a significant increase in federal incarceration, although a decrease in federal conditional release remained.
Figure 2. Annual Changes in the Federal Offender Population
Text equivalent of figure 2. Annual Changes in the Federal Offender Population
| Incarcerated | Conditional Release | |
|---|---|---|
| 2008-09 | -2.2% | 3.3% |
| 2009-10 | 1.8% | -0.1% |
| 2010-11 | 5.1% | -0.7% |
| 2011-12 | 1.4% | 1.1% |
| 2012-13 | 2.3% | -2.7% |
| 2013-14 | 0.6% | 1.0% |
| 2014-15 | -3.3% | 2.9% |
| 2015-16 | -1.4% | 4.1% |
| 2016-17 | -4.4% | 6.1% |
| 2017-18 | -1.0% | 3.3% |
| 2018-19 | 0.7% | 1.6% |
| 2019-20 | -1.9% | -0.8% |
| 2020-21 | -8.2% | -2.7% |
| 2021-22 | -0.9% | -5.7% |
| 2022-23 | 4.4% | -1.7% |
Historically, the federal full parole population has remained larger than the statutory release population, with the exception of the period between 2011-12 to 2014-15 when the federal statutory release population exceeded that of the federal full parole population.
In 2022-23, federal full parolees accounted for 47% of the federal conditional release population compared to offenders on statutory release who accounted for 29% of the conditional release population.
Figure 3. Federal Full Parole and Statutory Release Offender Populations
Text equivalent of figure 3. Federal Full Parole and Statutory Release Offender Populations
| Full Parole | Statutory Release | |
|---|---|---|
| 2008-09 | 4,007 | 3,311 |
| 2009-10 | 4,002 | 3,207 |
| 2010-11 | 4,040 | 3,176 |
| 2011-12 | 3,664 | 3,466 |
| 2012-13 | 3,390 | 3,499 |
| 2013-14 | 3,457 | 3,519 |
| 2014-15 | 3,564 | 3,550 |
| 2015-16 | 3,805 | 3,527 |
| 2016-17 | 4,146 | 3,508 |
| 2017-18 | 4,508 | 3,329 |
| 2018-19 | 4,711 | 3,229 |
| 2019-20 | 4,813 | 3,185 |
| 2020-21 | 4,778 | 3,075 |
| 2021-22 | 4,394 | 2,874 |
| 2022-23 | 4,305 | 2,669 |
- Furthermore, compared to the previous fiscal year, on April 9, 2023:
- the number of federal Indigenous inmates increased (+3.9%), while their proportion amongst federal inmates from all race groupsFootnote 4 remained stable (-0.1 percentage point);
- the number of federal Black inmates increased (+2.0%), while their proportion amongst federal inmates from all race groups remained stable (-0.3 percentage point);
- the number of federal Indigenous offenders on conditional release increased (+4.5%) and their proportion amongst federal offenders from all race groups also increased (+1.4 percentage points);
- the number of federal Black offenders on conditional release decreased (-2.8%) and their proportion amongst federal offenders from all race groups remained stable (-0.1 percentage point);
- the number of federal women offenders, both incarcerated (658) and on conditional release (716), increased (16.3%; 5.9%).
- On April 9, 2023, when looking at the data by individual race group:
- the highest proportion of Indigenous offenders was in the Prairie region (48%), and the lowest was in the Atlantic region (6%);
- 50% of federal Indigenous men inmates and 51% of federal Indigenous women inmates were in the Prairie region. By comparison, 44% of federal Indigenous men offenders on conditional release and 54% of federal Indigenous women offenders on conditional release were in the Prairie region;
- the highest proportion of Black offenders was in the Ontario region (58%), and the lowest was in the Pacific region (6%);
- 54% of federal Black men inmates and 71% of federal Black women inmates were in the Ontario region. By comparison, 62% of federal Black men offenders on conditional release and 70% of federal Black women offenders on conditional release were in the Ontario region.
On April 9, 2023:
- 9,151 federal offenders on conditional release were serving their sentences in Canada;
- six (6) had been deported; and
- one (1) had been extradited.
Offenders who have been deported or extradited are listed as active offenders by CSC until sentence completionFootnote 5 .
Federal Offender Profile – Violent vs. Non-violent
Figure 4. Offence Profile of the Total Federal Offender Population
Text equivalent of figure 4. Offence Profile of the Total Federal Offender Population
| Violent | Non-Violent | |
|---|---|---|
| 2018-19 | 71% | 29% |
| 2019-20 | 72% | 28% |
| 2020-21 | 74% | 26% |
| 2021-22 | 76% | 24% |
| 2022-23 | 76% | 24% |
- The general trend since 2018-19 is that the percentage of offenders serving a sentence for non-violent offences is decreasing, whereas the percentage of offenders serving a sentence for violent offences is increasing.
- Compared to the previous fiscal year, in 2022-23, the proportion of federal offenders serving a sentence for violent offences increased by 0.5 percentage point and decreased by 0.5 percentage point for offenders serving a sentence for non-violent offences.
Figure 5. Offence Profile of the Federal Incarcerated Offender Population
Text equivalent of figure 5. Offence Profile of the Federal Incarcerated Offender Population
| Violent | Non-Violent | |
|---|---|---|
| 2018-19 | 75% | 25% |
| 2019-20 | 76% | 24% |
| 2020-21 | 78% | 22% |
| 2021-22 | 79% | 21% |
| 2022-23 | 78% | 22% |
- Since 2018-19, the proportion of federal incarcerated offenders serving a sentence for non-violent offences has decreased, while the percentage increased for those serving a sentence for a violent offence.
- Compared to the previous fiscal year, in 2022-23, the proportion of federal incarcerated offenders serving a sentence for violent offences decreased by 1 percentage point.
Figure 6. Offence Profile of the Federal Day Parole Population
Text equivalent of figure 6. Offence Profile of the Federal Day Parole Population
| Violent | Non-Violent | |
|---|---|---|
| 2018-19 | 60% | 40% |
| 2019-20 | 62% | 38% |
| 2020-21 | 69% | 31% |
| 2021-22 | 67% | 33% |
| 2022-23 | 69% | 31% |
- As a general trend since 2018-19, the proportion of federal offenders on day parole serving a sentence for violent offences has been increasing.
- Compared to the previous fiscal year, in 2022-23, the proportion of federal offenders serving a sentence for violent offences on day parole increased by 2 percentage points.
Figure 7. Offence Profile of the Federal Full Parole Population
Text equivalent of figure 7. Offence Profile of the Federal Full Parole Population
| Violent | Non-Violent | |
|---|---|---|
| 2018-19 | 63% | 37% |
| 2019-20 | 65% | 35% |
| 2020-21 | 67% | 33% |
| 2021-22 | 71% | 29% |
| 2022-23 | 74% | 26% |
- As a general trend since 2018-19, the proportion of federal offenders on day parole serving a sentence for violent offences has been increasing.
- Compared to 2021-22, in 2022-23, the proportion of federal offenders serving a sentence for violent offences on full parole increased by 3 percentage points.
Figure 8. Offence Profile of the Federal Statutory Release Population
Text equivalent of figure 8. Offence Profile of the Federal Statutory Release Population
| Violent | Non-Violent | |
|---|---|---|
| 2018-19 | 66% | 34% |
| 2019-20 | 66% | 34% |
| 2020-21 | 66% | 34% |
| 2021-22 | 71% | 29% |
| 2022-23 | 71% | 29% |
- On April 9, 2023, 71% of federal offenders on statutory release were serving a sentence for violent offences and 29% were serving a sentence for non-violent offences.
- In 2021-22, there was a 5-percentage point increase in the proportion of offenders serving a sentence for violent offences amongst federal offenders on statutory release, in comparison to fiscal year 2020-21. This proportion remained stable in 2022-23 and there was no further increase.
Race Group Profile
Figure 9. Custody and Community Supervision Status of the Federal Offender Population (Violent Offence) by Race Group (%)
Text equivalent of figure 9. Custody and Community Supervision Status of the Federal Offender Population (Violent Offence) by Race Group (%)
| Inc | DP | FP | SR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indigenous | 68% | 7% | 11% | 14% |
| Asian | 59% | 9% | 22% | 10% |
| Black | 64% | 6% | 17% | 13% |
| Caucasian | 56% | 7% | 26% | 11% |
| Other | 69% | 8% | 14% | 9% |
Figure 10. Custody and Community Supervision Status of the Federal Offender Population (Non-Violent Offence) by Race Group (%)
Text equivalent of figure 10. Custody and Community Supervision Status of the Federal Offender Population (Non-Violent Offence) by Race Group (%)
| Inc | DP | FP | SR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indigenous | 60% | 9% | 11% | 20% |
| Asian | 40% | 10% | 40% | 10% |
| Black | 49% | 8% | 27% | 16% |
| Caucasian | 52% | 11% | 23% | 15% |
| Other | 57% | 13% | 24% | 7% |
On April 9, 2023:
- Amongst offenders serving sentences for violent offences:
- ‘Other’ race group offenders were the most likely to be incarcerated (69%);
- Asian offenders were the most likely to be on day parole (9%);
- Caucasian offenders were the most likely to be on full parole (26%);
- Indigenous offenders were the most likely to be on statutory release (14%).
- Amongst offenders serving sentences for non-violent offences:
- Indigenous offenders were the most likely to be incarcerated (60%) and on statutory release (20%);
- ‘Other’ race group offenders were the most likely to be on day parole (13%);
- Asian offenders were the most likely to be on full parole (40%).
Gender Profile
Figure 11. Custody and Community Supervision Status of the Federal Offender Population (Violent Offence) by Gender (%)
Text equivalent of figure 11. Custody and Community Supervision Status of the Federal Offender Population (Violent Offence) by Gender (%)
| Inc | DP | FP | SR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 62% | 7% | 20% | 12% |
| Women | 54% | 11% | 24% | 12% |
Note: As of April 9, 2023, there were 17 offenders serving sentences for violent offences who identified as another gender.
Figure 12. Custody and Community Supervision Status of the Federal Offender Population (Non-Violent Offence) by Gender (%)
Text equivalent of figure 12. Custody and Community Supervision Status of the Federal Offender Population (Non-Violent Offence) by Gender (%)
| Inc | DP | FP | SR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 54% | 9% | 21% | 15% |
| Women | 40% | 19% | 28% | 13% |
Note: As of April 9, 2023, there were four (4) offenders serving sentences for non-violent offences who identified as another gender.
On April 9, 2023:
- Men offenders were serving sentences for violent offences at a higher rate than women offenders (77% vs. 62%)Footnote 6 .
- Amongst offenders serving sentences for violent offences:
- men were the most likely to be incarcerated (62%).
- women were the most likely to be on day parole (11%) and full parole (24%).
- both men and women shared the same proportion on statutory release (12%).
- Amongst offenders serving sentences for non-violent offences:
- men were the most likely to be incarcerated (54%) and on statutory release (15%).
- women were the most likely to be on day parole (19%) and full parole (28%).
Dangerous Offender Designation
The Dangerous Offender provisions of the Criminal Code are intended to protect all Canadians from the most dangerous offenders serving sentences for violent or sexual offences. The court shall find an offender to be a dangerous offender if it is satisfied that the offence for which the offender is convicted is a primary designated offence for which it would be appropriate to impose a sentence of imprisonment of two years or more; that the offender was convicted previously at least twice of a primary designated offence and was sentenced to at least two years of imprisonment for each of those convictions. Therefore the conditions in section 753 (1)(a) or (b) of the Criminal Code, as the case may be, are presumed to have been metFootnote 7 .
If the court finds an offender to be a dangerous offender, it shall impose a sentence of detention in a penitentiary for an indeterminate period, impose a sentence for the offence for which the offender has been convicted — which must be a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of two years — and order that the offender be subject to long-term supervision for a period that does not exceed 10 years or impose a sentence for the offence for which the offender has been convictedFootnote 8 .
Figure 13. The Federal Offender Population with a Dangerous Offender Designation
Text equivalent of figure 13. The Federal Offender Population with a Dangerous Offender Designation
| 2018-19 | 842 |
|---|---|
| 2019-20 | 876 |
| 2020-21 | 897 |
| 2021-22 | 908 |
| 2022-23 | 897 |
In 2022-23, the federal offender population with a dangerous offender (DO) designation decreased for the first time in the last five fiscal years to 897 (-1.2%); however, it reached the highest proportion of the offender population (4.1%).
- On April 9, 2023:
- 715 offenders who had a DO designation were still incarcerated; 25 were on day parole, 41 were on full parole, 13 were on statutory release, and 103 were on long-term supervision for a total of 182 offenders with a DO designation in the community.
- 91% of federal offenders with a DO designation were those sentenced for violent offences and 9% were those sentenced for non‑violent offences.
- 51.6% of federal offenders with a DO designation were Caucasian, followed by Indigenous (35.5%), Black (8.5%), ‘Other’ race group (3.1%), and Asian (1.3%).
- men represented 96.9% and women represented 2.8% of the federal offender population with a DO designation in 2022-23. The number of men with a DO designation dropped by 30 (-3%) from the previous fiscal year and the number of women with a DO designation grew significantly, going from 9 to 25.
- men offenders with a DO designation were more likely to be serving sentences for violent offences (91%) than non-violent (9%) offences. Women offenders with a DO designation were also more likely to be serving sentences for violent offences (88%) than non-violent (12%) offences.
- Compared to the previous fiscal year, on April 9, 2023:
- the federal offender population with a DO designation increased in the Atlantic (+8.9%), Ontario (+0.3%), and Pacific (+2.3%) regions, and decreased in the Quebec (-2.6%) and Prairie (-10.1%) regions.
- the Board rendered 890 decisions for offenders that had a DO designation, a 6% increase.
| Fiscal Year | Incarcerated | Conditional Release | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % change | |
| 2013-14 | 14,826 | 63.3 | 8,585 | 36.7 | 23,411 | 0.7 |
| 2014-15 | 14,337 | 61.9 | 8,830 | 38.1 | 23,167 | -1.0 |
| 2015-16 | 14,134 | 60.6 | 9,189 | 39.4 | 23,323 | 0.7 |
| 2016-17 | 13,514 | 58.1 | 9,747 | 40.9 | 23,261 | -0.3 |
| 2017-18 | 13,385 | 57.1 | 10,072 | 42.9 | 23,457 | 0.8 |
| 2018-19 | 13,475 | 56.8 | 10,237 | 43.2 | 23,712 | 1.1 |
| 2019-20 | 13,221 | 56.6 | 10,154 | 43.4 | 23,375 | -1.4 |
| 2020-21 | 12,136 | 55.1 | 9,875 | 44.9 | 22,011 | -5.8 |
| 2021-22 | 12,030 | 56.4 | 9,309 | 43.6 | 21,339 | -3.1 |
| 2022-23 | 12,564 | 57.9 | 9,151 | 42.1 | 21,715 | 1.8 |
Note: Excluded as of April 9, 2023, were: escapees (114), those on bail (264), and UAL (485).
Definition: Incarcerated population includes: offenders serving federal sentences in penitentiaries and in provincial facilities, those housed as inmates in Community Correctional Centres (as distinguished from conditionally released offenders), those temporarily absent from the institution on some form of temporary release (Temporary Absence or Work Release), and those remanded in federal custody.
Conditional Release population includes: those federal offenders conditionally released on day parole, full parole and statutory release including those paroled for deportation and those on long-term supervision orders and temporary detainees whether detained in a penitentiary or a provincial jail.
| Fiscal Year | Atlantic | Quebec | Ontario | Prairies | Pacific | Canada | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | |
| 2018-19 | 2,210 | 9.3 | 5,345 | 22.5 | 6,555 | 27.6 | 6,131 | 25.9 | 3,471 | 14.6 | 23,712 |
| 2019-20 | 2,181 | 9.3 | 4,988 | 21.3 | 6,676 | 28.6 | 6,126 | 26.2 | 3,404 | 14.6 | 23,375 |
| 2020-21 | 1,992 | 9.1 | 4,591 | 20.9 | 6,424 | 29.2 | 5,899 | 26.8 | 3,105 | 14.1 | 22,011 |
| 2021-22 | 1,909 | 8.9 | 4,481 | 21.0 | 6,346 | 29.7 | 5,666 | 26.6 | 2,937 | 13.8 | 21,339 |
| 2022-23 | 1,985 | 9.1 | 4,731 | 21.8 | 6,417 | 29.6 | 5,665 | 26.1 | 2,917 | 13.4 | 21,715 |
Note: Excluded as of April 9, 2023, were: escapees (Atlantic (2), Quebec (20), Ontario (48), Prairies (15) and Pacific (29)), those on bail (Atlantic (11), Quebec (54), Ontario (148), Prairies (37) and Pacific (14)), and UAL (Atlantic (26), Quebec (93), Ontario (116), Prairies (190) and Pacific (60)).
| Fiscal Year | Atlantic | Quebec | Ontario | Prairies | Pacific | Canada | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | |
| 2018-19 | 1,265 | 9.4 | 2,739 | 20.3 | 3,689 | 27.4 | 3,782 | 28.1 | 2,000 | 14.8 | 13,475 |
| 2019-20 | 1,252 | 9.5 | 2,524 | 19.1 | 3,800 | 28.7 | 3,734 | 28.2 | 1,911 | 14.5 | 13,221 |
| 2020-21 | 1,103 | 9.1 | 2,346 | 19.3 | 3,484 | 28.7 | 3,554 | 29.3 | 1,649 | 13.6 | 12,136 |
| 2021-22 | 1,053 | 8.8 | 2,479 | 20.6 | 3,463 | 28.8 | 3,505 | 29.1 | 1,530 | 12.7 | 12,030 |
| 2022-23 | 1,170 | 9.3 | 2,676 | 21.3 | 3,630 | 28.9 | 3,517 | 28.0 | 1,571 | 12.5 | 12,564 |
| Fiscal Year | Indigenous | Asian | Black | Caucasian | Other | Canada | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | |
| 2018-19 | 3,896 | 28.9 | 502 | 3.7 | 1,145 | 8.5 | 6,631 | 49.2 | 1,301 | 9.7 | 13,475 |
| 2019-20 | 3,898 | 29.5 | 567 | 4.3 | 1,295 | 9.8 | 6,526 | 49.4 | 935 | 7.1 | 13,221 |
| 2020-21 | 3,684 | 30.4 | 488 | 4.0 | 1,184 | 9.8 | 5,769 | 47.5 | 1,011 | 8.3 | 12,136 |
| 2021-22 | 3,783 | 31.4 | 511 | 4.2 | 1,162 | 9.7 | 5,671 | 47.1 | 903 | 7.5 | 12,030 |
| 2022-23 | 3,930 | 31.3 | 570 | 4.5 | 1,185 | 9.4 | 6,022 | 47.9 | 857 | 6.8 | 12,564 |
| Fiscal Year | Men | Women | Canada | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | |
| 2018-19 | 12,837 | 95.3 | 638 | 4.7 | 13,475 |
| 2019-20 | 12,570 | 95.1 | 648 | 4.9 | 13,221 |
| 2020-21 | 11,530 | 95.0 | 603 | 5.0 | 12,136* |
| 2021-22 | 11,464 | 95.3 | 566 | 4.7 | 12,030 |
| 2022-23 | 11,889 | 94.6 | 658 | 5.2 | 12,564* |
*Includes offenders who identified as another gender.
Note: As of April 9, 2023, there were 17 federal incarcerated offenders who identified as another gender.
| Fiscal Year | Day Parole | Full Parole | Statutory Release | Long-term Supervision | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | |
| 2013-14 | 1,220 | 14.2 | 3,457 | 40.3 | 3,519 | 41.0 | 388 | 4.5 | 8,585 |
| 2014-15 | 1,341 | 15.2 | 3,564 | 40.4 | 3,550 | 40.2 | 371 | 4.2 | 8,830 |
| 2015-16 | 1,406 | 15.3 | 3,805 | 41.4 | 3,527 | 38.4 | 447 | 4.9 | 9,189 |
| 2016-17 | 1,625 | 16.7 | 4,146 | 42.5 | 3,508 | 36.0 | 463 | 4.8 | 9,747 |
| 2017-18 | 1,734 | 17.2 | 4,508 | 44.8 | 3,329 | 33.1 | 495 | 4.9 | 10,072 |
| 2018-19 | 1,804 | 17.6 | 4,711 | 46.0 | 3,229 | 31.5 | 487 | 4.8 | 10,237 |
| 2019-20 | 1,637 | 16.1 | 4,813 | 47.4 | 3,185 | 31.4 | 513 | 5.1 | 10,154 |
| 2020-21 | 1,498 | 15.2 | 4,778 | 48.4 | 3,075 | 31.1 | 517 | 5.2 | 9,875 |
| 2021-22 | 1,500 | 16.1 | 4,394 | 47.2 | 2,874 | 30.9 | 534 | 5.7 | 9,309 |
| 2022-23 | 1,660 | 18.1 | 4,305 | 47.0 | 2,669 | 29.2 | 510 | 5.6 | 9,151 |
Note 1: As of April 9, 2023, excluded UAL from supervision were 89 DP (5.1% of total DPs), 107 FP (2.4% of total FPs), 277 SR (9.4% of total SRs) and 12 LTS (2.3% of total LTSs).
Note 2: Totals include offenders who were deported or extradited.
| Fiscal Year | Supervision Type | Atlantic | Quebec | Ontario | Prairies | Pacific | Canada |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-19 | Day parole | 211 | 409 | 455 | 381 | 348 | 1,804 |
| Full parole | 481 | 1,265 | 1,383 | 952 | 630 | 4,711 | |
| Statutory Release | 240 | 771 | 867 | 941 | 410 | 3,299 | |
| Long-term supervision | 13 | 161 | 161 | 75 | 77 | 487 | |
| Total | 945 | 2,606 | 2,866 | 2,349 | 1,471* | 10,237 | |
| 2019-20 | Day parole | 154 | 365 | 421 | 369 | 328 | 1,637 |
| Full parole | 525 | 1,210 | 1,404 | 1,010 | 664 | 4,813 | |
| Statutory Release | 233 | 714 | 895 | 933 | 410 | 3,185 | |
| Long-term supervision | 17 | 175 | 156 | 80 | 85 | 513 | |
| Total | 929 | 2,464 | 2,876 | 2,392 | 1,493* | 10,154 | |
| 2020-21 | Day parole | 149 | 272 | 431 | 321 | 325 | 1,498 |
| Full parole | 494 | 1,139 | 1,486 | 995 | 664 | 4,778 | |
| Statutory Release | 230 | 658 | 862 | 950 | 375 | 3,075 | |
| Long-term supervision | 16 | 175 | 161 | 79 | 86 | 517 | |
| Total | 889 | 2,245* | 2,940 | 2,345 | 1,456* | 9,875 | |
| 2021-22 | Day parole | 140 | 291 | 445 | 330 | 294 | 1,500 |
| Full parole | 466 | 999 | 1,413 | 877 | 639 | 4,394 | |
| Statutory Release | 232 | 537 | 856 | 873 | 376 | 2,874 | |
| Long-term supervision | 18 | 174 | 169 | 81 | 92 | 534 | |
| Total | 856 | 2,002* | 2,883 | 2,161 | 1,407* | 9,309 | |
| 2022-23 | Day parole | 145 | 346 | 434 | 398 | 337 | 1,660 |
| Full parole | 457 | 1,034 | 1,354 | 849 | 611 | 4,305 | |
| Statutory Release | 200 | 498 | 848 | 817 | 306 | 2,669 | |
| Long-term supervision | 13 | 176 | 151 | 84 | 86 | 510 | |
| Total | 815 | 2,055* | 2,787 | 2,148 | 1,346* | 9,151 |
*Includes offenders who were deported following release on UTA (per Criminal Code of Canada).
Note: Excluded as of April 9, 2023, were UAL (Atlantic (26), Quebec (93), Ontario (116), Prairies (190) and Pacific (60)).
| Fiscal Year | Indigenous | Asian | Black | Caucasian | Other | Canada | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | |
| 2018-19 | 1,941 | 19.0 | 532 | 5.2 | 790 | 7.7 | 6,218 | 60.7 | 756 | 7.4 | 10,237 |
| 2019-20 | 2,060 | 20.3 | 582 | 5.7 | 867 | 8.5 | 6,060 | 59.7 | 585 | 5.8 | 10,154 |
| 2020-21 | 2,081 | 21.1 | 573 | 5.8 | 857 | 8.7 | 5,789 | 58.6 | 575 | 5.8 | 9,875 |
| 2021-22 | 2,002 | 21.5 | 550 | 5.9 | 855 | 9.2 | 5,390 | 57.9 | 512 | 5.5 | 9,309 |
| 2022-23 | 2,093 | 22.9 | 537 | 5.9 | 831 | 9.1 | 5,207 | 56.9 | 483 | 5.3 | 9,151 |
| Fiscal Year | Men | Women | Canada | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | |
| 2018-19 | 9,432 | 92.1 | 805 | 7.9 | 10,237 |
| 2019-20 | 9,381 | 92.4 | 772 | 7.6 | 10,154* |
| 2020-21 | 9,127 | 92.4 | 748 | 7.6 | 9,875 |
| 2021-22 | 8,633 | 92.7 | 676 | 7.3 | 9,309 |
| 2022-23 | 8,431 | 92.1 | 716 | 7.8 | 9,151* |
*Includes offenders who identified as another gender.
Note: As of April 9, 2023, there were four (4) federal offenders on conditional release who identified as another gender.
| Region | Indigenous | Asian | Black | Caucasian | Other | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | |
| Atlantic | 221 | 6 | 14 | 2 | 91 | 8 | 793 | 13 | 51 | 6 |
| Quebec | 414 | 11 | 80 | 14 | 245 | 21 | 1,758 | 29 | 179 | 21 |
| Ontario | 726 | 18 | 237 | 42 | 641 | 54 | 1,710 | 28 | 316 | 37 |
| Prairie | 1,967 | 50 | 119 | 21 | 125 | 11 | 1,085 | 18 | 221 | 26 |
| Pacific | 602 | 15 | 120 | 21 | 83 | 7 | 676 | 11 | 90 | 11 |
| Canada | 3,930 | 100 | 570 | 100 | 1,185 | 100 | 6,022 | 100 | 857 | 100 |
| Gender | Region | Indigenous | Asian | Black | Caucasian | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Atlantic | 6 | 3 | 8 | 13 | 5 |
| Quebec | 11 | 14 | 21 | 30 | 21 | |
| Ontario | 18 | 41 | 54 | 28 | 37 | |
| Prairie | 50 | 21 | 11 | 18 | 26 | |
| Pacific | 15 | 22 | 7 | 11 | 11 | |
| Canada (#) | 3,628 | 552 | 1,159 | 5,731 | 819 | |
| Women | Atlantic | 6 | - | 13 | 16 | 16 |
| Quebec | 7 | 17 | 13 | 23 | 26 | |
| Ontario | 21 | 56 | 71 | 36 | 32 | |
| Prairie | 51 | 22 | 4 | 14 | 18 | |
| Pacific | 15 | 6 | - | 11 | 8 | |
| Canada (#) | 295 | 18 | 24 | 283 | 38 |
Note: As of April 9, 2023, there were 17 federal incarcerated offenders who identified as another gender.
| Region | Indigenous | Asian | Black | Caucasian | Other | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | |
| Atlantic | 131 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 49 | 6 | 608 | 12 | 21 | 4 |
| Quebec | 210 | 10 | 41 | 8 | 123 | 15 | 1,561 | 30 | 120 | 25 |
| Ontario | 386 | 18 | 271 | 50 | 522 | 63 | 1,432 | 28 | 176 | 36 |
| Prairie | 944 | 45 | 88 | 16 | 96 | 12 | 908 | 17 | 112 | 23 |
| Pacific | 422 | 20 | 131 | 24 | 41 | 5 | 698 | 13 | 54 | 11 |
| Canada | 2,093 | 100 | 537 | 100 | 831 | 100 | 5,207 | 100 | 483 | 100 |
| Gender | Region | Indigenous | Asian | Black | Caucasian | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Atlantic | 6 | 1 | 6 | 11 | 4 |
| Quebec | 11 | 8 | 15 | 31 | 23 | |
| Ontario | 18 | 50 | 62 | 27 | 37 | |
| Prairie | 44 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 24 | |
| Pacific | 21 | 25 | 5 | 13 | 11 | |
| Canada (#) | 1,830 | 506 | 781 | 4,867 | 447 | |
| Women | Atlantic | 6 | - | 6 | 16 | 11 |
| Quebec | 3 | 10 | 12 | 20 | 42 | |
| Ontario | 21 | 57 | 70 | 28 | 28 | |
| Prairie | 54 | 13 | 8 | 20 | 11 | |
| Pacific | 16 | 20 | 4 | 17 | 8 | |
| Canada (#) | 263 | 30 | 50 | 337 | 36 |
Note: As of April 9, 2023, there were four (4) federal offenders on conditional release who identified as another gender.
| Region | Indigenous | Asian | Black | Caucasian | Other | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | |
| Atlantic | 352 | 6 | 20 | 2 | 140 | 7 | 1,401 | 12 | 72 | 5 |
| Quebec | 624 | 10 | 121 | 11 | 368 | 18 | 3,319 | 30 | 299 | 22 |
| Ontario | 1,112 | 18 | 508 | 46 | 1,163 | 58 | 3,142 | 28 | 492 | 37 |
| Prairie | 2,911 | 48 | 207 | 19 | 221 | 11 | 1,993 | 18 | 333 | 25 |
| Pacific | 1,024 | 17 | 251 | 23 | 124 | 6 | 1,374 | 12 | 144 | 11 |
| Canada | 6,023 | 100 | 1,107 | 100 | 2,016 | 100 | 11,229 | 100 | 1,340 | 100 |
| Fiscal Year | Supervision Type | Atlantic | Quebec | Ontario | Prairies | Pacific | Canada |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-19 | Day parole | 8 | - | - | 16 | 30 | 54 |
| Full parole | 20 | 1 | - | 20 | 28 | 69 | |
| Long-term supervision | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Total | 28 | 1 | - | 36 | 58 | 123 | |
| 2019-20 | Day parole | 7 | - | - | 14 | 30 | 51 |
| Full parole | 17 | - | - | 28 | 26 | 71 | |
| Long-term supervision | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | |
| Total | 24 | - | 1 | 42 | 56 | 123 | |
| 2020-21 | Day parole | 13 | - | - | 9 | 27 | 49 |
| Full parole | 19 | - | - | 8 | 20 | 48 | |
| Long-term supervision | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Total | 32 | - | - | 17 | 47 | 97 | |
| 2021-22 | Day parole | 6 | - | - | 3 | 31 | 40 |
| Full parole | 22 | - | - | 3 | 17 | 42 | |
| Long-term supervision | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Total | 28 | - | - | 6 | 48 | 82 | |
| 2022-23 | Day parole | 4 | - | - | 1 | 25 | 30 |
| Full parole | 10 | - | - | 2 | 23 | 35 | |
| Long-term supervision | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Total | 14 | - | - | 3 | 48 | 65 |
Note: Excluded as of April 9, 2023, were: UAL (Atlantic (1), Prairies (2) and Pacific (4)).
The provincial cases in the Quebec and Ontario regions were transfers from another region upon parole release or on an exchange of service.
| Region | Fiscal Year | Violent | Non-Violent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atlantic | 2018-19 | 68 | 32 |
| 2019-20 | 70 | 30 | |
| 2020-21 | 73 | 27 | |
| 2021-22 | 77 | 23 | |
| 2022-23 | 75 | 25 | |
| Quebec | 2018-19 | 71 | 29 |
| 2019-20 | 75 | 30 | |
| 2020-21 | 77 | 23 | |
| 2021-22 | 79 | 21 | |
| 2022-23 | 79 | 21 | |
| Ontario | 2018-19 | 68 | 32 |
| 2019-20 | 69 | 31 | |
| 2020-21 | 70 | 30 | |
| 2021-22 | 72 | 28 | |
| 2022-23 | 71 | 29 | |
| Prairies | 2018-19 | 68 | 32 |
| 2019-20 | 69 | 31 | |
| 2020-21 | 70 | 30 | |
| 2021-22 | 73 | 27 | |
| 2022-23 | 75 | 20 | |
| Pacific | 2018-19 | 80 | 20 |
| 2019-20 | 81 | 19 | |
| 2020-21 | 83 | 17 | |
| 2021-22 | 84 | 16 | |
| 2022-23 | 85 | 15 |
| Region | Offender Population | Violent | Non-Violent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atlantic | Incarcerated | 76 | 24 |
| Conditional release | 73 | 27 | |
| Quebec | Incarcerated | 81 | 19 |
| Conditional release | 78 | 22 | |
| Ontario | Incarcerated | 74 | 26 |
| Conditional release | 68 | 32 | |
| Prairies | Incarcerated | 78 | 22 |
| Conditional release | 70 | 30 | |
| Pacific | Incarcerated | 86 | 14 |
| Conditional release | 83 | 17 |
| Supervision Type | Fiscal Year | Violent | Non-Violent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Day Parole | 2018-19 | 60 | 40 |
| 2019-20 | 62 | 38 | |
| 2020-21 | 69 | 31 | |
| 2021-22 | 67 | 33 | |
| 2022-23 | 69 | 31 | |
| Full Parole | 2018-19 | 63 | 37 |
| 2019-20 | 65 | 35 | |
| 2020-21 | 67 | 33 | |
| 2021-22 | 71 | 29 | |
| 2022-23 | 74 | 26 | |
| Statutory Release | 2018-19 | 66 | 34 |
| 2019-20 | 66 | 34 | |
| 2020-21 | 66 | 34 | |
| 2021-22 | 71 | 29 | |
| 2022-23 | 71 | 29 | |
| Long-Term Supervision | 2018-19 | 98 | 2 |
| 2019-20 | 97 | 3 | |
| 2020-21 | 95 | 5 | |
| 2021-22 | 94 | 6 | |
| 2022-23 | 94 | 6 |
| Race Group | Fiscal Year | Violent | Non-Violent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indigenous | 2018-19 | 79 | 21 |
| 2019-20 | 79 | 21 | |
| 2020-21 | 80 | 20 | |
| 2021-22 | 81 | 19 | |
| 2022-23 | 82 | 18 | |
| Asian | 2018-19 | 54 | 46 |
| 2019-20 | 55 | 45 | |
| 2020-21 | 57 | 43 | |
| 2021-22 | 60 | 40 | |
| 2022-23 | 62 | 38 | |
| Black | 2018-19 | 70 | 30 |
| 2019-20 | 69 | 31 | |
| 2020-21 | 71 | 29 | |
| 2021-22 | 71 | 29 | |
| 2022-23 | 71 | 29 | |
| Caucasian | 2018-19 | 70 | 30 |
| 2019-20 | 72 | 28 | |
| 2020-21 | 74 | 26 | |
| 2021-22 | 76 | 24 | |
| 2022-23 | 76 | 24 | |
| Other | 2018-19 | 61 | 39 |
| 2019-20 | 65 | 35 | |
| 2020-21 | 65 | 35 | |
| 2021-22 | 69 | 31 | |
| 2022-23 | 70 | 30 |
| Gender | Fiscal Year | Violent | Non-Violent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 2018-19 | 72 | 28 |
| 2019-20 | 73 | 27 | |
| 2020-21 | 75 | 25 | |
| 2021-22 | 77 | 23 | |
| 2022-23 | 77 | 23 | |
| Women | 2018-19 | 53 | 47 |
| 2019-20 | 53 | 47 | |
| 2020-21 | 55 | 45 | |
| 2021-22 | 59 | 41 | |
| 2022-23 | 62 | 38 |
Note: As of April 9, 2023, there were 17 offenders who identified as another gender serving a sentence for violent offence and 4 serving a sentence for non-violent offence.
Dangerous Offender Designation
| Fiscal Year | Incarcerated | Conditional Release | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % of Total Offender Population | |
| 2018-19 | 726 | 86.2 | 116 | 13.8 | 842 | 3.6 |
| 2019-20 | 741 | 84.6 | 135 | 15.4 | 876 | 3.7 |
| 2020-21 | 731 | 81.5 | 166 | 18.5 | 897 | 4.1 |
| 2021-22 | 735 | 80.9 | 173 | 19.1 | 908 | 4.3 |
| 2022-23 | 715 | 79.7 | 182 | 20.3 | 897 | 4.1 |
Note: Excluded as of April 9,2023 were: escapees (4) and UAL (3).
| Fiscal Year | Atlantic | Quebec | Ontario | Prairies | Pacific | Canada | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | |
| 2018-19 | 49 | 5.8 | 134 | 15.9 | 285 | 33.8 | 157 | 18.6 | 217 | 25.8 | 842 |
| 2019-20 | 47 | 5.4 | 143 | 16.3 | 303 | 34.6 | 170 | 19.4 | 213 | 24.3 | 876 |
| 2020-21 | 43 | 4.8 | 139 | 15.5 | 321 | 35.8 | 179 | 20.0 | 215 | 24.0 | 897 |
| 2021-22 | 45 | 5.0 | 152 | 16.7 | 329 | 36.2 | 168 | 18.5 | 214 | 23.6 | 908 |
| 2022-23 | 49 | 5.5 | 148 | 16.5 | 330 | 36.8 | 151 | 16.8 | 219 | 24.4 | 897 |
Note: Excluded as of April 9,2023 were: escapees (Quebec (1), Ontario (1) and Pacific (2)) and UAL (Prairie (1) and Pacific (2)).
| Fiscal Year | Indigenous | Asian | Black | Caucasian | Other | Canada | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | |
| 2018-19 | 288 | 34.2 | 12 | 1.4 | 68 | 8.1 | 447 | 53.1 | 27 | 3.2 | 842 |
| 2019-20 | 310 | 35.4 | 12 | 1.4 | 74 | 8.4 | 460 | 52.5 | 20 | 2.3 | 876 |
| 2020-21 | 318 | 35.5 | 11 | 1.2 | 78 | 8.7 | 468 | 52.2 | 22 | 2.5 | 897 |
| 2021-22 | 320 | 35.2 | 12 | 1.3 | 80 | 8.8 | 470 | 51.8 | 26 | 2.9 | 908 |
| 2022-23 | 318 | 35.5 | 12 | 1.3 | 76 | 8.5 | 463 | 51.6 | 28 | 3.1 | 897 |
| Fiscal Year | Men | Women | Canada | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | |
| 2018-19 | 832 | 98.8 | 10 | 1.2 | 842 |
| 2019-20 | 866 | 99.0 | 9 | 1.0 | 876* |
| 2020-21 | 889 | 99.2 | 7 | 0.8 | 897* |
| 2021-22 | 899 | 99.0 | 9 | 1.0 | 908 |
| 2022-23 | 869 | 96.9 | 25 | 2.8 | 897* |
*Includes offenders who identified as another gender.
Note: As of April 9, 2023, there were three offenders who identified as another gender.
| Fiscal Year | Day Parole | Full Parole | Statutory Release | Long-Term Supervision | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | |
| 2018-19 | 17 | 14.7 | 28 | 24.1 | 12 | 10.3 | 59 | 50.9 | 116 |
| 2019-20 | 20 | 14.8 | 33 | 24.4 | 9 | 6.7 | 73 | 54.1 | 135 |
| 2020-21 | 27 | 16.3 | 36 | 21.7 | 13 | 7.8 | 90 | 54.2 | 166 |
| 2021-22 | 25 | 14.5 | 35 | 20.2 | 15 | 8.7 | 98 | 56.6 | 173 |
| 2022-23 | 25 | 13.7 | 41 | 22.5 | 13 | 7.1 | 103 | 56.6 | 182 |
Note: As of April 9, 2023, excluded UAL from supervision were two offenders on full parole and one offender on long-term supervision.
| Fiscal Year | Offender Population | Violent | Non-Violent |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-19 | Incarcerated | 95 | 5 |
| Conditional release | 91 | 9 | |
| 2019-20 | Incarcerated | 95 | 5 |
| Conditional release | 90 | 10 | |
| 2020-21 | Incarcerated | 90 | 10 |
| Conditional release | 90 | 10 | |
| 2021-22 | Incarcerated | 90 | 10 |
| Conditional release | 91 | 9 | |
| 2022-23 | Incarcerated | 91 | 9 |
| Conditional release | 91 | 9 |
| Race Group | Fiscal Year | Violent | Non-Violent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indigenous | 2018-19 | 97 | 3 |
| 2019-20 | 96 | 4 | |
| 2020-21 | 92 | 8 | |
| 2021-22 | 92 | 8 | |
| 2022-23 | 92 | 8 | |
| Asian | 2018-19 | 100 | - |
| 2019-20 | 100 | - | |
| 2020-21 | 100 | - | |
| 2021-22 | 100 | - | |
| 2022-23 | 100 | - | |
| Black | 2018-19 | 97 | 3 |
| 2019-20 | 96 | 4 | |
| 2020-21 | 88 | 12 | |
| 2021-22 | 88 | 13 | |
| 2022-23 | 87 | 13 | |
| Caucasian | 2018-19 | 92 | 8 |
| 2019-20 | 93 | 7 | |
| 2020-21 | 89 | 11 | |
| 2021-22 | 90 | 10 | |
| 2022-23 | 90 | 10 | |
| Other | 2018-19 | 96 | 4 |
| 2019-20 | 100 | - | |
| 2020-21 | 86 | 14 | |
| 2021-22 | 88 | 12 | |
| 2022-23 | 93 | 7 |
| Gender | Fiscal Year | Violent | Non-Violent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 2018-19 | 94 | 6 |
| 2019-20 | 94 | 6 | |
| 2020-21 | 90 | 10 | |
| 2021-22 | 90 | 10 | |
| 2022-23 | 91 | 9 | |
| Women | 2018-19 | 100 | - |
| 2019-20 | 100 | - | |
| 2020-21 | 86 | 14 | |
| 2021-22 | 89 | 11 | |
| 2022-23 | 88 | 12 |
Note: As of April 9, 2023, there were three offenders who identified as another gender serving a sentence for violent offence.
| Fiscal Year | Indeterminate | Determinate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | |
| 2018-19 | 676 | 80.3 | 166 | 19.7 |
| 2019-20 | 681 | 77.7 | 195 | 22.3 |
| 2020-21 | 692 | 77.1 | 205 | 22.9 |
| 2021-22 | 690 | 76.0 | 218 | 24.0 |
| 2022-23 | 691 | 77.0 | 206 | 23.0 |